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Questions for discussionGambling Culture
1. Why are experts worried about gambling?2. Traditionally what sport do people usually put their bets on?3. Can you think of any other sports or events that people bet on?4. Where have you seen advertisements for betting and gambling?5. What affect do you think gambling advertisements have on kids?6. Owen, a former Rugby League star, is visiting schools to give talks on what topic?7. What are some of the consequences of gambling?8. What do you think is meant by the term gamble responsibly?9. What is the main purpose of the BtN Gambling Culture story?10. What do you understand more clearly since watching the BtN story?
Should people be allowed to promote gambling during sports broadcasts? Have your say on the BtN online poll. To vote head to the BtN website http://abc.net.au/btn/polls.htm
Cyber Crime
1. Before watching the BtN story predict what you think it is going to be about. 2. Discuss the issues raised in the story with another student.3. Describe what a pirate is in the context of this story.4. Someone who tries to scam you out of your personal details is referred to as a:
a. Trawlerb. Baiterc. Phisher
5. Complete this sentence. Sometimes phishers use their phony emails to spread ____________.6. Name one hacktivist group.7. What are hacktivists trying to achieve by carrying out cyber attacks?8. Why are governments around the world worried about APT’s (Advanced Persistent Threats)? 9. How did this story make you feel?10. What do you understand more clearly since watching the BtN story?
Learn about cyber security by playing games and building robots using budd:e on the Stay Smart Online website https://budd-e.staysmartonline.gov.au/primary/main.php#
Antibiotics
1. Discuss the issues raised in the Antibiotics story with another student.2. What do antibiotics do?3. What impact have antibiotics had on controlling disease?4. Who discovered penicillin?5. Describe how he discovered penicillin by accident 6. What Australian scientist helped turn this discovery into an antibiotic?7. In Australia how many antibiotic prescriptions are filled each year?
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Episode 719th March 2013
a. 2 thousandb. 2 millionc. 22 million
8. Antibiotic resistant superbugs might soon become a serious medical problem. True or false?9. When taking antibiotics it is important that you.....10. Can you think of any other scientific inventions that have directly affected people’s lives?
Post a message on the comments page on the Behind the News Antibiotics story. Go to the BtN website and follow the links http://www.abc.net.au/btn/
Street Circus
1. Where in South America do the circus performers come from?2. Part of their performance is to share their story. True or false?3. Circolombia isn’t your average circus. What do you think this means?4. Describe some of the circus stunts that they performed in the story.5. What skills are needed by the performers in the circus?6. The circus school was created to...
a. Make moneyb. Help disadvantaged kidsc. Promote Colombia
7. How do you think the circus helps disadvantaged Colombian kids?8. What year was the circus school created?9. Illustrate an aspect of the BtN Street Circus story. 10. How did this story make you feel?
Test your knowledge in the Street Circus BtN quiz. Go to the BtN website and follow the links.
Podcast Kid
1. Explain the BtN story to another student.2. What is a podcast?3. Benjamin created a podcast on what famous British TV show?
a. Dr Whob. Absolutely Fabulousc. The Vicar of Dibley
4. What motivated Benjamin to create his podcast?5. Where can you find his podcast?6. Complete the following sentence: To celebrate the 50th anniversary of his favourite show
Benjamin decided to turn his podcast into a live _______ _________.7. Being a podcast star doesn’t take a lot of technical knowledge or experience. True or false?8. What sort of information can be included in a podcast?9. How do you think making and listening to podcasts helps kids learn? 10. If you could create a podcast, what would it be about?
Make your own podcast and have it linked to the BtN website! Visit the Podcast Kid story on the BtN website and download step-by-step instructions on how to make a podcast. http://www.abc.net.au/btn/story/s3714622.htm
©ABC 2013
Activity
Cyber CrimeKey LearningStudents will explore the issue of cyber crime and raise awareness about the importance of cyber security at school and at home.
The Australian Curriculum > General Capabilities / Information and communication technology (ICT)
Applying social and ethical protocols and practices when using ICT General capabilitiesInformation and communication technology capability
LiteracyPersonal and social capability
Critical and creative thinking
Ethical behaviour
Students develop ICT capability within a context of social and ethical protocols and practice. This element involves students in developing an understanding of:
digital information security, including the responsibility to:
- protect the rights, identity, privacy and emotional safety of online audiences
- avoid and prevent cyberbullying
- ensure security of self and/or others
- respect audiences, being aware of the portrayal of self and others
the benefits and consequences of ICT for individuals, groups and communities in society, such as:
- becoming drivers of ICT, seeing themselves as creators as well as consumers of ICT
- recognising its capacity to enhance participation and inclusion
Link to ICT general capability > http://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/GeneralCapabilities/Information-and-Communication-Technology-capability/Introduction/Background (for further information click on the General Capabilities PDF link)
Focus Questions1. Before watching the BtN story predict what you think it is going to be about. 2. Discuss the issues raised in the story with another student.3. Describe what a pirate is in the context of this story.4. Someone who tries to scam you out of your personal details is referred to as a:
a. Trawlerb. Baiterc. Phisher
5. Complete this sentence. Sometimes phishers use their phony emails to spread ____________.6. Name one hacktivist group.7. What are hacktivists trying to achieve by carrying out cyber attacks?8. Why are governments around the world worried about APT’s (Advanced Persistent Threats)? 9. How did this story make you feel?10. What do you understand more clearly since watching the BtN story?
©ABC 2013
Episode 719th March 2013
Activities
What is cyber crime?
Before watching the BtN Cyber Crime story ask students to write down what they think the terms cyber crime and cyber security mean.
Swap definitions with a partner and ask them to add to or change the definition. Check their meanings against a dictionary definition.
Ask students to find definitions for the following terms in the context of cyber security. Refer students to the budd:e glossary to assist them with this activity https://budd-e.staysmartonline.gov.au/teachers/primary/glossary.html
malware spyware phishing
trojan virus pirates
adware hackingAPT’s (Advanced Persistent
Threat agents)
Further activity: Create a word cloud using Wordle http://www.wordle.net/ Illustrate these terms in an interesting way (poster format). Display illustrations around the
classroom. Here are some illustrative examples:
Phishing Phishing
Computer virus Computer worm
©ABC 2013
Project research
Hold a class discussion and reflect on the issue of cyber security. Here are some discussion starters: Why is it important to keep yourself safe when you are on the internet? Can you think of ways that you could make things cyber secure? Think about how this applies to
your computer, phone and other devices that connect to the internet. What does your school have in place to make sure it is cyber secure? Why is it important to have strong passwords? Refer students to BtN’s Password Power story for
more information http://www.abc.net.au/btn/story/s3374197.htm
Malware, short for malicious software, is software used or created by attackers to disrupt computer operation, gather sensitive information, or gain access to private computer systems. Examples of malware include viruses, trojan horses, worms, adware and spyware.
Ask students to choose one type of malware and then conduct research using the following structure. Students will then present their findings in an interesting way and consider sharing their findings with students in other classes.
1. What do experts say about it?2. How does it get there in the first place?3. How does this affect me?4. What is some advice?
Budd:e – a fun way for students to learn about cyber security
Budd:e for primary schools offers fun and engaging games and activities to build unique robots, while introducing basic practices that will equip children to stay safe and secure online. Topics include privacy, password creation, protecting personal details, virus scanning, secure websites and scams.
https://budd-e.staysmartonline.gov.au/primary/main.php#
Cyber Security Awareness Week – Get involved!
Host your own Cyber Security Awareness Week event at your school.
This year, Cyber Security Awareness Week will be held from 20 to 24 May 2013. The aim of Awareness Week is to help Australians using the internet – whether at home, the workplace or school – understand the simple steps they can take to protect their personal and financial information online. http://www.staysmartonline.gov.au/awareness_week
Here are some ideas for activities that you could organise to help raise awareness about cyber security at your school.
Hold a seminar for students from other classes about cyber security (when preparing your seminar you will need to consider how you communicate the information to enhance audience engagement and understanding).
Produce a flyer about cyber security which includes tips and hints for students and teachers. Include a fun word search or quiz.
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Share your research and information in the form of a blog using edublogs http://edublogs.org/. Produce a podcast on a specific type of malware, for example a computer worm or trojan. Consider
producing several podcasts to inform students and teachers about different types of malwares. Refer students to BtN’s Podcast Kid story page for instructions on how to create your own podcast. http://www.abc.net.au/btn/story/s3714622.htm
Further Investigation
NetBasics comprises a set of 11 animated episodes that follow the Jones Family through a typical day of online activity. Each episode is designed to show how users’ computer activities can expose them to a number of security vulnerabilities, and reinforce positive steps they can take to protect their computers and data. http://www.cybersmart.gov.au/Schools/Teacher%20resources/Lower%20se condary/NetBasics.aspx
To inform and assist teachers, children and parents about online safety, Cybersmart Outreach offers free cybersafety presentations in metropolitan and regional centres throughout Australia. http://www.cybersmart.gov.au/Outreach.aspx
8 Related Research Links
Stay Smart Online – School Resourceshttp://www.staysmartonline.gov.au/school
Stay Smart Online – Budd:e E-security education packagehttp://www.cybersmart.gov.au/Schools/Cyber%20issues/e-security%20and%20e-commerce.aspx
Stay Smart Online – Use and update security softwarehttp://www.staysmartonline.gov.au/home_users/secure_your_computer/use_and_update_anti-virus_and_anti-spyware_software
Think U Know – Think U Knowhttp://www.thinkuknow.org.au/
Cyber Smart – How cyber smart are you?http://www.cybersmart.gov.au/Kids.aspx
Cyber Smart – e-security and e-commercehttp://www.cybersmart.gov.au/Schools/Cyber%20issues/e-security%20and%20e-commerce.aspx
ABC Science – Hackinghttp://www.abc.net.au/science/tag/browse.htm?tag=hacking
Sorted – Keep your information secure onlinehttp://www.childnet.com/sorted/
Behind the News – Malwarehttp://www.abc.net.au/btn/story/s2316644.htm
Behind the News – Cyber Crimehttp://www.abc.net.au/btn/story/s2690100.htm
©ABC 2013
Activity
AntibioticsKey LearningStudents will learn about important scientific inventions and the impact that antibiotics have had on people’s lives.
The Australian Curriculum > Science / Science as a Human Endeavour / Use and influence of science
Content description General capabilitiesLiteracy
Personal and social capability
Critical and creative thinking
Scientific understandings, discoveries and inventions are used to solve problems that directly affect peoples’ lives. Code ACSHE083, ACSHE100
Focus Questions1. Discuss the issues raised in the Antibiotics story with another student.2. What do antibiotics do?3. What impact have antibiotics had on controlling disease?4. Who discovered penicillin?5. Describe how he discovered penicillin by accident. 6. What Australian scientist helped turn this discovery into an antibiotic?7. In Australia how many antibiotic prescriptions are filled each year?
a. 2 thousandb. 2 millionc. 22 million
8. Antibiotic resistant superbugs might soon become a serious medical problem. True or false?9. When taking antibiotics it is important that you.....10. Can you think of any other scientific inventions that have directly affected people’s lives?
Activities
The science of antibiotics
Ask students to find out more about antibiotics by conducting research using the internet, newspapers and other sources of information.
Some key questions/issues to consider are:
What are bacteria? What’s a virus? What is the difference between bacteria and a virus? What is an antibiotic and how does an antibiotic work? What is antibiotic resistance?
Word jumble
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Episode 719th March 2013
Can you match the following words to their correct meanings?
©ABC 2013
The smallest of the microbes – usually harmful
A drug used to treat a disease or injury
A sign of illness, e.g. headaches or fever
A drug used to take away pain
Very small microbe that can be helpful or harmful
A disease caused by a microbe
Special medicine to treat bacterial infections
Antibiotic
Bacteria
Infection
Medicine
Painkiller
Virus
Symptom
Q&A discussion
Facilitate a questions and answers discussion to encourage students to engage with science, particularly in relation to scientific innovations and inventions. Here are some questions starters:
What is an inventor? What do they do? Can anyone be an inventor? Why or why not? What do you know about the process of inventing? List some areas that science inventions have impacted on your life.
Innovation and invention – project research
Working in small groups, students list all the science related inventions they can in 1 minute. Students share their list with the rest of the class.
Students will research in depth an Australian scientific invention. Refer to the Questacon website for a list of Australian inventions http://www.questacon.edu.au/indepth/clever/100_years_of_innovations.html
How did the invention first come about? Was it intentional or accidental? What problem or issue does the invention overcome or solve? Who was the inventor? When was the object invented? How does the invention work? How has it changed or affected people’s lives? What if the object was never invented?
Further investigationTo take the investigation further, students can design their own invention or make a modification to an invention (to improve the design or function of a product). Ask students to:
Draw a picture of their invention. Name their invention. What problem does it solve? How does it work? What materials is it made from? What is unique about the design?
Students can share their designs with other students in the school.
Further Investigation
Teachers, are you looking to excite your students about science? Then enter the Sleek Geeks Eureka Prize. Download the teacher notes and lesson plans. http://eureka.australianmuseum.net.au/teacher
The BHP Billiton Science & Engineering Awards are open to primary school kids. The student awards reward young people who have undertaken practical research projects
©ABC 2013
which demonstrate innovative approaches and thorough scientific procedures. Learn more... http://www.scienceawards.org.au/default.asp
Engage your students with open-ended science investigations and technology projects through the CSIRO CREST program. Learn more... http://www.csiro.au/Portals/Education/Teachers/Classroom-activities/CREST.aspx
8 Related Research Links
ABC Science – Antibioticshttp://www.abc.net.au/science/slab/antibiotics/default.htm
Powerhouse Museum – Penicillinhttp://www.powerhousemuseum.com/australia_innovates/?behaviour=view_article&Section_id=1030&article_id=10033
Public Health England – e-Bug: a place to play games and learn about microbeshttp://www.e-bug.eu/
ABC Science – Howard Florey: the storyhttp://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/1998/09/24/2114620.htm
Nobelprize.org – Sir Howard Walter Florey: Biographyhttp://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1945/florey-bio.html
©ABC 2013
Activity
Podcast KidKey LearningStudents will plan, script and make their own podcast about a topic of their choice.
The Australian Curriculum > English / Literacy / Creating texts
Content description General capabilitiesLiteracy
Information and communication technology capability
Use a range of software including word processing programs with fluency to construct, edit and publish written text, and select, edit and place visual, print and audio elements. Code ACELY1707, ACELY1697
Plan, draft and publish imaginative, informative and persuasive texts, selecting aspects of subject matter and particular language, visual, and audio features to convey information and ideas. Code ACELY1725
Use a range of software, including word processing programs, learning new functions as required to create texts. Code ACELY1717
Focus Questions1. Explain the BtN story to another student.2. What is a podcast?3. Benjamin created a podcast on what famous British TV show?
a. Dr Whob. Absolutely Fabulousc. The Vicar of Dibley
4. What motivated Benjamin to create his podcast?5. Where can you find his podcast?6. Complete the following sentence: To celebrate the 50th anniversary of his favourite show
Benjamin decided to turn his podcast into a live _______ _________.7. Being a podcast star doesn’t take a lot of technical knowledge or experience. True or false?8. What sort of information can be included in a podcast?9. How do you think making and listening to podcasts helps kids learn? 10. If you could create a podcast, what would it be about?
Activities
Understanding
Students will plan and create their own podcasts about a topic of their choice. Begin by clarifying student’s understanding of what a podcast is. Working in pairs, ask students to discuss and record their responses to the following questions:
How do podcasts work?
©ABC 2013
Episode 719th March 2013
Do you listen to podcasts? What podcast topics would interest you?
Students can listen to podcasts at the following websites
http://www2.scholastic.com/browse/article.jsp?id=11531 http://www.csiro.au/products/CSIROpod.html http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/podcasting/ http://marryatville.podomatic.com/ http://www.podkids.com.au/
Listening to podcasts will help them get ideas about the content for their own. Possible topics include:
Book or film reviews Science Languages other than English A story you’ve written
Make a podcast
Steps to create a podcast
1. Make sure you have the required hardware and software – you will need a computer or Smartphone with a microphone and software such as the free Audacity (PC or Mac) http://audacity.sourceforge.net/.
Some Mac’s come with GarageBand http://www.apple.com/ilife/garageband/ which is well suited to making podcasts.
2. Decide on your content and write your script. Who is your audience? How will you keep listeners engaged?
3. Rehearse the content (practise speaking).
4. Record. Create and save an audio file, usually in mp3 format.
5. Publish. To make a podcast you will need to use a free service like PodOmatic http://www.podomatic.com, Buzzsprout http://www.buzzsprout.com/ or a paid service like http://libsyn.com/
6. Promote the podcast. Your school's website is a good place to start as well as their newsletter and social media sites. BtN would also love to share your podcast, just email a link to [email protected]
The following website provides more detail about what is required to make a podcast: http://www.readwritethink.org/files/resources/printouts/Podcasts.pdf
Reflection What worked well with your podcast? What would you do differently next time?
8 Related Research Links
©ABC 2013
Read, Write, Think – Podcasts: The Nuts and Bolts of Creating Podcastshttp://www.readwritethink.org/classroom-resources/printouts/podcasts-nuts-bolts-creating-30311.html
ABC Rollercoaster – Make a podcasthttp://www.abc.net.au/rollercoaster/click/features/podcasts/default.htm
ABC Radio National – What is podcasting?http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/help/podcasting/
ABC Podcast – Featured Podcasts http://www.abc.net.au/services/podcasting/
BBC – Podcasts for Childrenhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/genre/childrens
NASA Education – Do-it-yourself podcasthttp://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/diypodcast/index.html
WA Department of Education – Podcasts in the Classroomhttp://www.det.wa.edu.au/education/cmis/eval/curriculum/ict/podcasts/
Behind the News – Podclasshttp://www.abc.net.au/btn/story/s3062524.htm
©ABC 2013
Steps to create a podcast
1. Make sure you have the required hardware and software – you will need a computer or Smartphone with a microphone and software such as the free Audacity (PC or Mac) http://audacity.sourceforge.net/. Some Mac’s come with GarageBand http://www.apple.com/ilife/garageband/ which is well suited to making podcasts.
2. Decide on your content and write your script. Who is your audience? How will you keep listeners engaged?
3. Rehearse the content (practise speaking).
4. Record. Create and save an audio file, usually in mp3 format.
5. Publish. To make a podcast you will need to use a free service like PodOmatic http://www.podomatic.com, Buzzsprout http://www.buzzsprout.com/ or a paid service like http://libsyn.com/
6. Promote the podcast. Your school's website is a good place to start as well as their newsletter and social media sites. BtN would also love to share your podcast, just email a link to [email protected]
The following website provides more detail about what is required to make a podcast: http://www.readwritethink.org/files/resources/printouts/Podcasts.pdf
©ABC 2013
BtN: Episode 7 Transcript 19/3/13On this week's Behind the News
Hacked off. The cyber criminals strike again but who are they and why do they do it?
Too much of a good thing? Doctors warn against taking too many antibiotics.
And we meet some amazing performers who've gone from the streets to the stage.
Hi I'm Nathan Bazley, welcome to Behind the News.
Also on the show today, we meet a kid who's turned his passion for Doctor Who into a successful stage show. That's all to come. But first let's get straight into the news headlines. Here's Tash with the Wire.
The WireThere's been a lot of debate about the government's plans to change Australia's media laws. It wants to put together a special group which would make sure media organisations are doing the right thing, like, reporting fairly.
There'd also be changes to rules about media ownership. Some reckon the changes would give the government too much control over the media. A lot of politicians are opposing it so in the end it may not be made into law.
*****The Catholic Church has a new leader. 76 year old Argentinian Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio was voted to take the top job. He'll be known as Pope Francis.
*****
Adam Giles has become the first indigenous person to lead a state or territory in Australia. He is the Chief Minister of the Northern Territory. He took over from Terry Mills whose own party voted him out while he was overseas on a business trip.
*****
And if you're a fan of Star Wars, this might be the class for you!
©ABC 2013
`Turning it up, blade is up, palm is up. This is a lightsaber training class in the US.’
ALAIN BLOCK, INSTRUCTOR: It's like an initiation in some ways, when you're pressing against their lightsaber, now suddenly you're part of this other group of people that sort of you know, maybe a little bit more in touch with the secrets of the universe. But the class isn't just for die hard Star Wars fans. It's also meant to be good for your fitness.
Gambling CultureReporter: Nathan Bazley
INTRO: It's hard for kids to avoid being exposed to gambling. There are adverts on TV and betting odds even appear during sports matches. Some former sports stars are saying enough is enough because they think it's not setting a good example to kids. Let's take a look.
TEACHER: Okay no talking, no looking at anyone else's work and your time starts now.
BETS R US: Hi it's Ashley here with a Bets R US live update on Johnny's year 7 Maths exam.
Right now we're offering odds of $1.80 that he'll pick A and $3 that he'll pick B.
Coming in at $6 is the chance he'll bail and move onto question two.
And the odds that he'll cheat off his neighbour are great value right now at $12.50.
Good luck!
BETS R US: Hi it's Ashley again with a Bets R US live update on question 2.
NATHAN BAZLEY, REPORTER: Okay, so no one is really desperate enough to bet on a grade 7 maths exam.
But it is fair to say gambling is on the rise in Australia. Traditionally, it started out as more of a horse racing thing. But these days, it's exploded into a 24 hrs a day, 7 days a week mega-industry.
70% of Aussie adults now have a flutter each year. That's one of the highest gambling rates anywhere in the world. So how did gambling grow so big? Well turn on the TV during a sports match and you might have your answer. And as you saw there, gambling ads aren't just during the breaks these days. They're part of the coverage. But how much of an effect can a few ads really have?
©ABC 2013
KID: I saw this commercial and it said Tom Waterhouse and he helps people bet on horses.
KID: There's usually on Bet 365 it's usually on during footy or cricket or soccer and mostly American sports like baseball and stuff.
KID: On AFL, in the middle, half time quarter time, three quarter time, at the end there is always a TAB Sportsbet commercial.
KID: They have the whole adverts in between shows, so why do they need to take over the sports as well.
The ads they're talking about are designed to target 18 year-olds and above - those who can legally gamble.
But it's clear they're also having an effect on kids. And it's this effect that experts and even sportspeople are worried about.
DAVID SCHWARZ, FORMER AFL PLAYER: The last thing I want is my child or any children to be judging who the best side is because they're $1.40 favourite rather than because they have better players. And I think it's that ingrained now in the youth and the betting agencies have done such a wonderful job at doing that. Now that we're at that stage, it has gone too far.
OWEN CRAIGIE, FORMER NRL PLAYER: My story, boys, that I had won a premiership and I played a couple of years of rugby league, but I developed a - I ended up becoming an addict. Throughout my career I lost two houses that I owned.
Owen used to be a Rugby League star. Now his job is to talk to schools about the dangers of gambling addiction.
OWEN: Yeah, I won a premiership, but you know what? I lost my house, I lost everything, I even lost my own life to addiction.
That is what he wants to stop kids from experiencing. But with gambling ads and online betting growing each year experts say the one thing you can bet on is that Owen's story will become more common, rather than less.
PRESENTER: If you want to hear more of what those kids had to say about gambling there's a longer video on the BtN website.
Well it's an interesting issue, let's make it our poll.
Online PollThe question is:
Should people be allowed to promote gambling during sports broadcasts?
©ABC 2013
To vote just head to our website. Last week we asked if you thought all states should have a container deposit scheme.
91% of you said yes.
9% said no.
Thanks for voting
Cyber CrimeReporter: Nathan Bazley
INTRO: Recently, there were reports that cyber criminals had hit the organisation in charge of Australia's finances. In another incident, some hackers even got to the personal details of Michelle Obama, the wife of the US President. So why are people doing this? Sarah looks at some of the different types of hackers out there and why they do it.
They're the criminals of the 21st century, using technology to steal, to spy, to create havoc. These are the cyber criminals. If you think of how much we use the internet every day it's easy to see why online security is a big issue.
All of that information going back and forth from entertainment to bank accounts, business records, even government secrets.
It's all online and it's very attractive to criminals. Cyber crime is thought to cost the world about 900 billion dollars a year and it's a big worry for businesses, governments and ordinary internet users.
So who are these cyber crooks? Let’s have a look at some of the suspects. Pirates are a pretty common sort of cyber criminal. They're people who download, upload or share digital material that they don't have the rights to; like movies or games or music. That's against the law and the entertainment industry says it costs them hundreds of millions of dollars a year.
Here's another one you might have come across. The phisher is someone who sends out emails trying to scam you out of your personal details. Have you ever had an email telling you you've won lots of money? Maybe a foreign prince who wants to give you his fortune. That's phishing and people who fall for it can lose a lot.
©ABC 2013
Phishers sometimes hook people in using fake websites which record your passwords and sometimes they spread malware; nasty computer programs designed to spy on you or wreck your system.
Hacktivists are more controversial. They're people who use their programming skills to protest for things they believe in and while not all of them break the law some do. They can bring down websites, or steal digital secrets; not for money; to prove a point.
ANONYMOUS: Greetings Obama and fellow Americans. We are anonymous.
Hackers going by the name Anonymous and using this symbol have been behind some big cyber attacks. In Australia they hacked into an internet company and stole people's details, to protest against the government's plans to keep track of people on the net.
They've also hit overseas governments and businesses. And while the hackers say they're fighting for people's rights, others say they're committing cyber terrorism. Then there's these guys; The Advanced Persistent Threat agents or APTs. They're the ones that really worry governments around the world.
They're groups of skilled hackers with lots of resources who are able to do serious digital damage. They might work for criminals stealing money and information.
And they might work for governments. China is often accused of employing APTs to collect information from overseas governments. But it's not the only country doing it. A few years ago the USA and Israel employed hackers to attack the computers of nuclear scientists in Iran.
Fighting cyber crime is big business and programmers are always working to keep one step ahead writing programs which detect malware, and building better online security systems.
Often the people who know how to commit cyber crimes end up working for the good guys, trying to stop others from doing the wrong thing. As for the rest of us, the best way to protect ourselves is to know about the crims that are out there and use common sense to stay safe on the net.
Quiz 1Let's have a quiz.
The question is: Which is the most common password people use?
abc123
password
©ABC 2013
qwerty
Answer: password
AntibioticsReporter: Nathan Bazley
INTRO: It's not even creative. The discovery of penicillin is regarded as one of the most important medical finds in history. Antibiotics are used to fight all sorts of infections. But some top health officials have been warning that our overuse of these drugs is going to cause serious problems soon.
NATHAN BAZLEY, REPORTER: The story all starts with this - a microscopic bacteria.
It's pretty harmless looking, isn't it? Nearly cute, even. But inside your body, in big numbers, they can be deadly. Every time you get an infection, a fight breaks out. Your body tries to defend you, but bacteria can be strong. And without help your defences can be overpowered. That's where antibiotics come in. They're like elite forces against nasty bacteria. They can turn the tide, leaving you safe and sound.
NATHAN: Antibiotics have saved millions of lives since their discovery. All it takes is a trip to the pharmacy and a few pills. It's so easy, you can forget what a life changing discovery they really were.
Before antibiotics, people could die from simple things we wouldn't think twice about, like an infection from a bad cut. Then in 1928, a discovery was made by accident. A scientist named Alexander Fleming left some dirty Petri dishes lying around when he went on holiday. When he got back mould had formed, but around it there was no bacteria. Fleming wrote a paper about this special mould, but that's where he left it. About a decade later in 1939, an Australian man decided this mould was worth a closer look. Howard Florey and his team found ways to extract the powerful parts that fought bacteria. Within a few years, the world's first antibiotic was born. It was called Penicillin.
These days, there are many different types of antibiotics. 22 million prescriptions are filled each year in Australia. But this success story might have a unhappy ending. Because now, our reliance on antibiotics is making them weaker. Let's go back to that village inside your body. For a long time, antibiotic elite forces have been stopping bacterial invaders. But every so often, bacteria can learn how to survive a fight. Those stronger bacteria can then multiply. And soon, you have a whole army of super bacteria, that antibiotic's can't stop.
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The World Health Organisation says this is happening right now. And antibiotic resistant super bacteria are becoming a serious medical problem. But the battle isn't lost yet. There are things we can all do to help stop super bacteria. First, don't get antibiotics if you don't need them! Most normal colds are caused by viruses, not bacteria, so antibiotics are useless against them. Second, if you do need antibiotics, take the whole course you're given. If you stop early when you're feeling better, it can leave some resistant bacteria floating around. And finally, don't take any antibiotics that you weren't prescribed. Each type is for a specific purpose and taking the wrong type can just train bacteria to be resistant without helping you to feel better!
So that's what you can do to help in the fight against super bacteria. By following those three simple steps, you can give your elite antibiotic fighters a fighting chance.
Street CircusReporter: Natasha Thiele
INTRO: Circuses are all about putting smiles onto the faces of the audience. But one circus is putting smiles onto the faces of kids thousands of kilometres away. Some of the performers used to be homeless and lots of the money they make goes to help run a circus school for disadvantaged kids. Here's Tash.
NATASHA THIELE, REPORTER: With flips like this and skipping stunts that will make your jaw drop, this is one circus that will keep you on the edge of your seat. These guys are part of Circolombia!
Circolombia isn't like your average circus. It's full of high-energy acrobatics and dance moves, which have been choreographed to live music. Singing makes up a big part of their shows, anything from hip hop to Latin reggae.
The group recently travelled to Australia, performing in front of big crowds! They even found some time to show school kids what they can do!
KID 1: I really liked the skipping and when they were doing it on the trampoline.
KID 2: They did heaps and lots of tricks, but also they rapped and they danced as well.
Part of their performance is to share their story and explain where they're from. They come from a city called Cali in the South American country of Colombia. Poverty is a big problem here and it's something that affects many kids. Some have been left with no other option, but to live on the streets. And these guys know what that's like.
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ANGEL, PERFORMER: The situation you know is no good and I think not only in Colombia, I think around the world many children is many young persons really need a hand you know, to go on to be inspired and be strong.
YEFERSON, PERFORMER: We didn't have nothing, we got to know Circolombia and now we change our life, it's a different life.
Performers like Angel and Yef learned the ropes of circus performing at this circus school. It was created in the 1990s to help disadvantaged kids and it's now Colombia's National Circus School. They learn basic acts from juggling, to more difficult moves like this on the trapeze. Some students have spent several years training with the circus to get as much hands-on experience as possible. Those who do really well could be chosen to join Circolombia. Others might become instructors, musicians or even youth workers.
Circolombia has certainly changed the lives of many people. It's taken kids off the streets and it's given them a chance to showcase their talents to the world. It's even got some of the performers thinking about what they want to do after the circus.
YEFERSON: I wanna be teacher, a teacher. I wanna help people too.
ANGEL: I'm doing my own circus company.
The performers of Circolombia are keen to see more young people follow in their footsteps. So, half of the profits from their shows go towards the circus school in Colombia, making sure other disadvantaged kids get the same chance they had. So hopefully we'll see a new generation of performers reaching new heights!
The ScoreKimi Raikkonen has won the Australian Formula One Grand Prix in Melbourne. The Lotus driver beat Ferrari's Fernando Alonso by around 12 seconds. Reigning world champion Sebastian Vettel finished third. While Aussie Mark Webber finished sixth.
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To the soccer A-League. The Central Coast Mariners have beaten Brisbane Roar in Gosford 1-nil. The winning goal came from Bernie Ibini in the 34th minute. While the Wellington Phoenix got over Perth 2 - 1. Despite the win, Wellington remains bottom of the ladder.
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And hundreds of people turned out to watch the Tiwi Islands Football League Grand Final. The Tiwi Islands is just north of Darwin...and has the highest AFL participation rate in Australia. This year, the Tapalinga Superstars played the
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undefeated Imalu Tigers in a tight match. In the end, the Tigers took the Premiership by 16 points 85 to 69. It's the second time in three years the club's won the flag.
Quiz 2OK, we're going to have a story about Doctor Who next.
Let's see how much you know with a quiz.
The question is:
What planet does The Doctor come from?
Tatooine
Gallifrey
Arrakis
Answer: Gallifrey
Podcast KidReporter: Sarah Larsen
INTRO: Well if you got that right you might think you know a bit about Doctor Who. But you probably can't even get close to this next kid. He's so good that he made his own Doctor Who podcast which has been turned into a successful stage show and he's got thousands of fans. Sarah went to meet him.
SARAH LARSEN, REPORTER: Being a radio star would be pretty cool.
Thousands of people would tune in to listen to what you say.
You could interview your favourite celebrities and talk about whatever you wanted.
But that's a pretty far-off dream right?
Not necessarily.
Welcome to the world of podcasts, where anyone can be a star of the speakers.
REPORTER: Podcasts are just digital audio files that you can download to your computer or player and the internet is full of them.
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There are music shows, poetry shows, book readings, talk shows; podcasts covering just about any topic you could possibly think of.
BENJAMIN: As long as you put it out there someone will find it and even if it's only 400 people listening to it that's still getting out there and communicating with people.
This is Benjamin. He's 13 and is the creator and star of Preachrs Podcast, a show with thousands of fans who all share the same passion.
A 50-year-old science fiction program from the UK that you've probably heard of
Now I thought I was a bit of a doctor who fan but Benjamin puts me to shame.
BENJAMIN: What was the first story of doctor who ever?
REPORTER: Umm, an Unearthly Child.
BENJAMIN: Correct. Why didn't the first episode get a good reception?
REPORTER: Umm, because the guy was scary?
BENJAMIN: No, because JFK was assassinated that day.
REPORTER: Really?
He says there's something about a two-hearted alien who travelled through time and space that's pretty inspiring.
BENJAMIN: It's something different it's something out of the ordinary and it's not something that can be achieved it's escapism for some people so looking at it from that angle it's something they can dream about something to inspire imagination
Benjamin has been watching Doctor Who for years. But what he really wanted was someone to share his passion with.
BENJAMIN: I didn't know anyone who was a Doctor Who fan back in 2010. It wasn't really big yet it was probably another year before it became massive in Australia anyway and I just needed someone to talk to about it and no-one really cared about sci-fi series that had sort of been revived it had been around since 1963 so I started the podcast.
Using Twitter to get in touch, he's managed to get interviews with some pretty famous people.
BENJAMIN: We've interviewed the 5th doctor which is April and we've interviewed Janet Fielding who was companion to the fifth doctor.
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That's this guy and this lady and just in case you're not a Doctor Who fan it's pretty impressive. His podcast is now on iTunes and his website's had 24 million hits. Yep, you heard that right 24 million ! But that's not all.
To celebrate the 50th anniversary of his favourite program, Benjamin decided to turn the podcast into a live stage show. Along with his friend Nick and comedian Rob, he's travelled around the country entertaining sell-out audiences.
BENJAMIN: Well at the end of the year we took it overseas and we got to go to Big Finish studios and we got to do some interviews there, which was incredible.
Not bad for a sci-fi fan in year 8, huh? But Benjamin says being a podcast star doesn't take a lot of technical knowledge or experience. With a computer, a bit of time and a lot of passion anyone can be a podcast star and share their ideas with the world.
CloserAnd you can have a go at making your own podcast about whatever you want.
There are some tips about how to do it on the BtN website.
That's it for the show.
I'll see you next time.
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