Academic/ELL Earth Science AGENDAFebruary 27, Tuesday: B Day

Take out your HW assignmento Write your name on the assessment copyo Use a scan-sheet to record your answers from the assessment copy

Take out your agenda from last class (Friday, Feb 23) and turn to the notes section

WARM-UPS: 1. Questions on the HW?2. WATER CYCLE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TWb4KlM2vts https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T05djitkEFI

3. Diagram and label the water cycle (hydrologic cycle)

Quick DISCUSSION of the Content and Language ObjectivesCONTENT OBJECTIVE:

Today you will understand that:o freshwater resources are influenced by geologic processes and the activities of

humans. Key concepts include: Identifying sources of fresh water including rivers, springs, and aquifers, with reference to the hydrologic

cycle We depend on freshwater resources and human usage affects water quality Earth’s fresh water supply is finite. Geological processes, such as erosion, and human activities, such as

waste disposal, can pollute water supplies.

Language Objective: Today you will: diagram and label the processes of the water cycle and differentiate between phases

change processes and processes that involve a change in location Identify the location and percentages of all Earth’s water Begin a discussion of stream/river features and how they change/evolve over time

OBJECTIVES: Weathering, Erosion, and Soils TO Water Cycle and Surface Waters

1. QUICK review of the TEST: Weathering, Erosion, Soils2. Discussion of the notes, “Water Cycle and All the World’s Water”

a. Energy that Powers the WATER CYCLE = the SUN. Phase changes involve HEATi. Warming vs Cooling processes

ii. Label the Phase Change diagramb. WORD Sort: Phase Changes & Water Cycle

i. Complete the attached table using the vocabulary terms and definitions

HOMEWORK:1. TEST Corrections: On a separate sheet of paper, write the COMPLETE question, letter

AND complete correct response to all missed answers.2. Review the water cycle and class notes “All the World’s Water)

NOTES: The Water Cycle & All the World’s Water

I. Earth’s Hydrospherea. Water exists in 3 states of matter at normal temperatures and pressures at Earth’s

Surface:i. Water Vapor – in the atmosphere

ii. Liquid Water - oceans, rivers systems, lakes, ponds, reservoirs, and ground water

iii. Frozen – ice caps and glaciers

b. Percentages of Earth’s Wateri. 97% Oceans

ii. 2 – 2.3 % frozen in ice-caps and glaciersiii. .3 - .6% Groundwateriv. .02% Inland lakes, seas, rivers, streamsv. .009 % Atmospheric Water

II. Water Cycle: The continuous movement of water from the atmosphere, surface and groundwater zones.

III. Phase Changes or Changes of States of Watera. Water moves from one location to another b. Some movement requires a phase change (change of state)

i. Condensationii. Evaporation

iii. Freezingiv. Meltingv. Sublimation

vi. Transpirationc. Some movements do NOT require a phase change

i. Infiltrationii. Precipitation

iii. Run-off

IV. Vocabulary Terms & Phase Change Diagram

VAPORIZATION = EVAPORATION

lABEL A, B, C, D, & E on the following graph:

NAME:

Word Sort: Phase Changes of WATER & Water Cycle Vocabulary

TERM Definition Phase Change?

Heat Abosrbed or

Released?

Warming or Cooling

Process?

Condensation

Deposition

Evaporation

Infiltration

Precipitation

Run-off

Transpiration

Notes: CH#13.1: Streams & RiversI. River Systems

A. River systems include the river and all of its tributariesB. Overland flow of water accumulates in permanent bodies of running water.

i. Streamsii. Rivers

C. Small streams run into larger streams i. Tributary

1. All tributaries carry sediment2. Sediment transport depends on speed of the running water

a. Volume (of water)b. Slope

D. Watershedi. Drainage Basin

ii. All the land that drains into the river1. Direct drainage through rivers2. Tributary flow

E. Dividei. High land that separates watersheds/drainage basins

ii. Continental Divide 1. Major Divide in the US2. Located in the Rocky Mountains.3. Rain falling EAST of the Rockies drains into the ATLANTIC Ocean4. Rain falling WEST of the Rockies drains into the PACIFIC Ocean

F. Mississippi River Systemi. Largest River System in the US

ii. Located between the Continental Divide and the Appalachian Mountains

II. Characteristics of Streams & RiversA. Ability of River/Stream to erode and transport sediment depends on velocity of the water, the

stream’s gradient, discharge, and shape of the channel.B. Velocity

i. The speed of the water or distance traveled in a given timeii. The higher energy, the greater the velocity

iii. Faster water erodes materials more quicklyiv. Faster water carries heavier sedimentsv. Steeper slopes have faster water

vi. Straighter channels (path of the stream) have faster waterC. Gradient

i. Slope ii. Gradient changes from the Head (beginning) to the Mouth (end) of the stream

iii. Generally, steeper slopes/gradients are located at the Head of the streamiv. Least steep slopes (gentlest gradient) is usually located at the mouth of the streamv. The Geology affects stream gradient

1. Least resistant rocks weather/erode most rapidly2. Most resistant rocks erode slowly

D. Dischargei. The volume of water passing a given point in a specified time period

ii. Varies over the length of the stream/river1. Increases downstream as tributaries add water (except in deserts)2. Seasonal variation due to availability of rainfall

E. Channeli. The path of the stream

ii. Velocity is dependent on size & shape of the stream channeliii. As streams meander (wind back & forth) water has greater contact with sides and

bottom of the channel1. Water slows due to increased friction

http://geology-guy.com/teaching/iac/animations/stream_processes.htm

stream evolution link

Sediment

What is a River System? Every river is part of a larger system—a watershed, which is the land drained by a river and its tributaries. Rivers are large natural streams of water flowing in channels and emptying into larger bodies of water. This diagram shows some common characteristics of a river system. Every river is different, however, so not all rivers may look exactly like this illustration.

The river source, also called the headwaters, is the beginning of a river. Often located in mountains, the source may be fed by an underground spring, or by runoff from rain, snowmelt, or glacial melt.

A tributary is a smaller stream or river that joins a larger or main river.

The main river is the primary channel and course of a river.

A fully-developed floodplain is relatively flat land stretching from either side of a river, which may flood during heavy rain or snowmelt. Built of materials deposited by a river, floodplain soil is often rich in nutrients and ideal for growing food.

A meander is a loop in a river channel. A meandering river winds back and forth, rather than following a straight course.

Upstream is in the direction of or nearer to the source of a river

Wetlands are low-lying areas saturated with water for long enough periods to support vegetation adapted to wet conditions. Wetlands help maintain river quality by filtering out pollutants and sediments, and regulating nutrient flow.

The river mouth is the place where a river flows into a larger body of water, such as another river, a lake, or an ocean.

A watershed boundary, also called a drainage divide, marks the outer-most limit of a watershed. A watershed is a tract of land drained by a river and its tributaries. Anything that affects a watershed may eventually impact its tributaries and river as well as the water body at the mouth of the river. People's actions within a watershed can affect the overall quality of its rivers.

Downstream is in the direction of or nearer to the mouth of a river.