Farm tools and Equipment continued

Uses of Plumbing tools and equipmentThese are the tools and equipment used for wide range

of plumbing work e.g. maintenance of pipe system in the farm.

Spanners:- For tightening and loosening bolts and nuts of different sizes

Pipe wrench

For tightening or loosening the fittings

Pipe cutter

For cutting metallic pipes and putting threads on pipes

to ease joining of pipes

Hacksaw

For cutting metallic pipes before threading

Maintenance of plumbing tools and equipmentGeneral methods of maintenance practices include.

Cleaning after use

Sharpening the cutting edges when blunt

Tightening loose parts

Application of used engine oil to prevent rusting

Replacing worn out parts

Repairing damaged parts

Lubricating moving parts to reduce friction

Proper storage

Painting metallic parts

 

Reasons for maintaining tools and equipment

To increase durability

To reduce replacements cost

To increase efficiency

To avoid damage to the tool

To avoid injury to the user

FARM TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

Uses of masonry tools and equipment

These are the tools and equipment used for wide range of masonry work during construction or demolition.

Shovel

Mixing and scooping concrete or mortar during construction

 

Spirit level

Used to determine horizontal straightness when laying out stones or bricks

 

Sledge hammer

Used to crash stones into small pieces

Masons trowel

Used to scoop and apply mortar when laying out bricks and stones. Mortar is a mixture of sand and cement together with water.

 

Wood float

 

Used for smoothening mortar when plastering walls or floors

 

Metal /steel float

Used for smoothening cement or concrete during plastering. Concrete is a mixture of sand ,cement, gravel or ballast with water

Plumb bob

Ascertain verticalness/straightness when constructing a tall wall.

 

Leveling rod

Used with a theodolite to measure distances in the leveling of land.

A theodolite is an instrument used by surveyors for measuring angles.

Mason’s square

Used to determine right angles when laying out bricks or stone for wall construction

Parts of stir-up pump

Below is an illustration of stir-up pump

 

Functions of stir-up pump parts

1 . Handle- it is the one held when plumbing

2 . Air vessel- sucking in air to create vacuum

3 . Leg and foot-stepping on to support the pump while pumping

4 . Barrel- allow the movement of the piston up and down

5 . Foot and valve strainer-suck in and sieve the liquid

6 . Delivery hose-delivers the liquid from the gland to the trigger control unit

7 . Lance handle-held by hand to direct the spray liquid to the target

8 . Trigger control- opened and closed to control the outlet of the spray liquid.

Reasons for maintaining tools and equipment

(i.) To increase durability

(ii.) To reduce replacements cost 

(iii.) To increase efficiency

(iv.) To avoid damage to the tool 

(v.) To avoid injury to the user.

LAND PREPARATION

Agriculture comprises of many branches.

One of them is crop production.

The initial stage of crop production is land preparation.

In order to prepare land we need farm implement

which you covered under farm tools and equipment.

Methods of land clearing

LAND PREPARATION GLOSSARY

Land preparation:-it entails all the activities that make land suitable for planting

Land clearing:- is the removal of vegetative cover from the surface before land is tilled.

Primary cultivation:-opening of the land either after clearing the bush or following the previous crop.

Secondary tillage:-refinement practices before planting, Also referred to as harrowing.

Tertiary operations:- operations carried out to suit production of certain crops.

Ridging:- Process of digging soil in a continuous line

and heaping it in one side.

Rolling:- This is compacting the soil which is loose or of fine tilth. Done to prevent small seeds from being carried away

Leveling :- Practice of making the soil surface flat and uniform so as to promote easy germination of small  

Primary cultivation

Farm implement for primary cultivation

The following are conditions under which farm implements are used.

Used where there is dry soil Used in areas where there are stones, stumps and couch grass

Used in hilly areas

Used to break hard pans

Identify the farm implement illustrated above ___________________

Give the advantages of using this farm implement