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ENGLISH LANGUAGE SS2
TOPIC: COMPREHENSION.
As the name denotes, comprehension means total and deep- rooted understanding of a given passage with the aim of testing the students ability in all aspect of English language. Comprehension passages cover and test a wide range of students ability such as:
a. Ability to recognize and identify deductions and implied references.
b. Ability to identify substitute synonyms, substitution of words and phrases
c. Ability to identify, label and give the grammatical functions of words, phrases and clauses.
d. Ability to recognize figures of speech, idiomatic and figurative expressions and the different meaning they convey.
Finally, it also tests students ability to give personal interpretations and judgment.
TECHNIQUES OF TACKLING COMPREHENSION PASSAGE
Though, approaches may differ, as to how to answer comprehension questions. The following should however, be noted.
1. Read the passage quickly, but with some care to acquaint yourself with the subject matter.
2. Read the questions below the passage carefully.
3. Read the passage allover again, the second time slowly, paying careful attention to specific points that will help you to answer the questions. Try to underline some sentences that may likely give a clue to the answer.
4. Read the questions one after the other to enable you write out the answers in clear and correct English.
5. Finally read over the answers to ensure that there are no mistakes.
THINGS TO NOTE ABOUT COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS
1. Make sure that you understand precisely the subject matter of the passage through a very careful reading.
2. Relate the ideas in each of the paragraphs together as the sum total of these ideas for the subject matter or the theme of the passage.
3. Strictly adhere to the instructions given
4.Questions must be answered in own’s words with phrases or vic-versa, strictly adhere. You should not write phrases or clauses where sentence are required and vic- versa
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6. In trying to replace words, test their equivalence to verify whether they fit into the contest. In other words, words used to replace another must fit into the same place without changing the meaning of the sentence.
7. The tense of the original word must be retained eg. The word “ alleviate” appearing in a sentence should not be replaced with “reduced” as it is not a correct equivalence is “reduce”.
8. Be time conscious, however be careful not to rush over the exercise thereby, doing a haphazard job.
9. Finally, endeavor to read through the answer and make necessary corrections.
ASSIGNMENT
Read the passage carefully and answer the questions on it.
It has be found by researchers in education that the odds are stacked high against the learner from a deprived socio-economic background. A learner, whose parent are illiterate, whose parent earn poor income, who has no access to the electronic media of information, and who has no educated siblings or peers to learn from faces an uphill task in his educational career. The task is even more difficult if the learner lives in an obscure rural area, for he is then cut off from modern civilization.
The learner from an academically enriched background, whose parents are highly learned and financially stable; and who has constant access to the electronic media, has a head start over his deprived counterpart from the village. Therefore, it is unfair that learners from different backgrounds should face the same competition for admission into higher institution or for employment opportunities since nobody determines their background.
Unfair as the practice may be, it is not easy to work out an alternative system in the first place, distinguishing between student from academically enriched and those from educationally deprived backgrounds and reserving some places for the later, would amount to double standard indeed, such a policy would inevitable engender a number of malpractices on the part of the candidates. Moreover, formulating a policy by which learners from educationally deprived background are given special employment opportunities would tend to play down the practice of selection on the basis of merit.
It does not appear that the way out is to minimize the odds against which the less advantaged learners have to struggle. If rural communities are improved, and if conscious effort are made to reduce the gap between the rich and the poor, much would have been done to help the socio- economically disadvantaged learners overcome some of the odds against them.
1. mention three factors that distinguish the two classes of learners described in the passage.
2. Which word in the first paragraph shows that the writer based the article on facts and not on speculation?
3. Who does the writer say that the present practice is unfair?
4. Give tow reasons why the writer thinks that there is no alternative to the present practice.
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5. “ whose parent are highly learned and financially stable”
6. What is the grammatical name given to the above expression?
7. What is its function as used in the sentence
8. Give one word or phrase which can replace each of the following words as used in the passage.
i. Deprived
ii. Career
iii. Counter part
iv. Practice
v. Distinguishing.
Lit.in Eng. Ss2b
Non- African poem
BY
T. S. Eliot
THEMES
(1) Suffering; much of the poem is a complaint about the suffering experienced by the magi
on their journey to reach Bethlehem. They endure terrible weather, uncooperative
camels and camel men, and hostile town’s people. They also suffer mentally and
emotionally as they realize the imminent death of their way of life. The suffering of
Jesus is also foreshadowed in the many biblical allusions in the third stanza. The poem
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overall is dour and anticlimactic, and suggests that religious conversation is a difficult
process
(2) Death; For the magi, the birth of Jesus Christ heralds not only his impending death by
crucifixion for the sins of humanity, but also the death of their own pagan way of life,
their traditions and power. The poem contains many allusions to the life and death of
Christ in the New Testament; for example, the “three trees on the low sky” represents
the crucifixion”. The poem was published shortly after Eliot’s baptism into the Church of
England. The magus describes Jesus’s birth place as satisfactory, and scholars have
pointed to the way that the word “satisfactory” is used in the Anglican Articles; Jesus
was sent to satisfy the debt of the world’s sins being committed in pagan culture.
(3) Doubt; in the first stanza, the magi struggle with doubting their religious faith. They
experience mental anguish as they hear the voices of others questioning their decision;
“with the voices singing in our ears, saying, that this was all folly” in the final stanza, the
magus doubts the purpose of their Journey. He thought that they were going to witness
a birth but what the ultimate saw was a death-death of both Jesus, and his own way of
life as a pagan. He says that, rationally, they had evidence of a birth but the emotional
feeling was of the opposite. So, he struggles with the paradox at the heart of the
experience.
ASSIGNMENT
(1) Explain the uses of literary elements in the poem “The Journey of the Magi”
(2) Suggest any three possible themes aside the three mentioned in the note and explain
them.
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Minor Segment
CD is a Chord
Circumference
Minor Sector
AOB = Diameter
C D
B
P
OA
LESSON ON MATHEMATICS FOR SSS II
PREPARED BY ODI ADAMUTOPIC: CIRCLE THEOREM
PART OF A CIRCLE
O is the centre of the circleOA = OB =OP = radius
Semi circle: is a half of a circle Radius (r): This is the distance from the centre of the circle
to any part of the circumference.
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Diameter (a): This is the line dividing the circle into two equal part i.e, the line passing through the centre from one end of the circumference to the other. Diameter = 2 radii, i.e, d=2r
Chord: This is a line from one end of the circumference to the other and dividing the circle into two parts of segments.
Segment: This is the area divided by a chord. The small area is the minor segment and the large area is the major segment.
Sector: This is the area bounded by two radii, showing major and minor sectors.
PROPERTIES OF CHORD AND AREA OF CIRCLE
1. The line joining the centre of a circle to the mid-point of a chord is perpendicular to the chord.
O is the centre. P is the mid-point of AB i.e, Op divides |AB| into two equal parts |AP| = |BP|. Hence <OPA = <OPB = 90o. |OP| is perpendicular to |AB|.2. Equal chord are equidistant from the centre of a circle.
Conversely, chord equidistant from the centre of a circle are equal.
6
A BP
m
O
O
BAP
8cm
Examples
1. In a circle of radius 17cm, a chord which is 8cm from the centre of the circle is drawn. Calculate, correct to the nearest meter, the length of the chord.
Solution
Consider angle OPB
Using Pythagoras’ theorem|OB|2 = |OP|2 + |BP|2 ∴ |BP|2 = |OB|2 - |OP|2
= 172 – 82
= 289 – 64
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C D
NBA
O
If |CD| = |AB|, then |Om| = |ON| and conversely, if |Om| = |ON|, then |CD| = |AB|.
8cm 17cm
BP
O
17cm
= 225|BP| = √225
= 15cm∴ The length of a chord = 2|BP|
= 2 x 15 = 30cm = 0.3m
2. AB is a chord of a circle O. if |AB| = 24.2cm and the perimeter of ∆ AOB is 52.2cm, calculate <AOB correct to the nearest degree.
Solution
Perimeter of ∆ AOB = AB + BO + OA = 52.2cm = 24.2 + r + r = 52.2cm = 24.2 + 2r = 52.2cm
2r2
=28 cm2
r = 14cmAB = 2AN
AN = AB2 = 24.2
2 = 12.1cm
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r r
O
BAN
Consider angle AON
<AOB = 2<AON= 2 x 59.80
= 1200 (to the nearest degree)
ASSIGNMENT
1. In the diagram, PR is a chord of a circle centre O and radius 30cm, <POR = 1200 calculate, correct to 3 significant figures.i. The length of the chord PRii. The length of arc PQRiii. The perimeter of the shaded portion
(Take π = 227 )
Hints
i. Arc PQR = Ɵ360 x 2π r
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14cm
12.1cmA N
O
Sin <AON = ANOA = 12.1
14
= 0.86428
<AON = Sin-1 (0.86428)
= 59.80
P
R
QO
30cm
120oD
ii. Perimeter of the shaded portion is arc PQR + PR
2. The length of a chord of a circle is 48cm. If the radius of the circle is 8cm, calculate correct to the nearest cm the distance of the chord from the centre.Please submit your work to this email address: [email protected]
LESSON ON MATHEMATICS FOR SSS II
PREPARED BY ODI ADAMUTOPIC: PROPERTIES OF A CHORD CONTINUE
Example (1)
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AB is a chord of a circle. The radius of the circle is 16cm and the distance of the mid-point of the chord from the centre of the circle O, is 10cm, calculate to 1d.p.
a. The length of the chord ABb. The angle subtends at the centre of the circle by chord AB
Solution
Sketch the diagram as shown below
a. From triangle BOD using Pythagoras’ theorem
∴ The length of a chord AB = 2BD = 2 x 12.5 = 25.0cm
b. Let <BOD be ƟIn ∆ BOD, using cosine ratio
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16cm10cm
O
BA D
O
BD
16cm10cm
|BD|2 = |BO|2 - |DO|2
|BD|2 = 162 - 102
|BD|2 = 256 – 100|BD|2 = 156|BD| = √156
= 12.5cm
QC D
A P B
h
10cm
10cm
COSƟ = Adjacenthypotenuse = DO
BO
COSƟ = 1016
COSƟ = 0.625Ɵ = COS-1 (0.625)Ɵ = 51.30
Since OA is also radius of the circle, so OA = 16cm and OD bisects <AOB
∴ AOB = 2 x Ɵ
= 2 x 51.30
= 102.60
Example (2)
The diagram below shows two parallel chords AB and CD that lie on opposite sides of the centre, O of the circle. AB = 14cm, CD = 10cm and the radius of the circle is 10cm. calculate the distance h between the two chords.
Solution
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AP =PB (OP bisects AB)AP = PB = 14cm ÷ 2 = 7cmSimilarly, CQ = QD = 10cm ÷ 2 = 5cmIn ∆ OPB, by Pythagoras’ theorem|PO|2 = |OB|2 - |PB|2
= 102 – 72
= 100 – 49 = 51 |PO| = √51
= 7.14cmIn ∆ OQD, using Pythagoras’ theoremOQ2 = OD2 – QD2
OQ = 102 – 52
= 100 – 25OQ2 = 75OQ2 = √75
= 8.66cm
∴ the distance h between the two chords = PO + OQ = 7.14cm + 8.66cm = 15.80cm
ASSIGNMENT
1. Find the distance between chords AB and CD in the following diagrams
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A B
DC
25cm
40cm
30cm
A B
DC
10cm
12cm
12cm
a.
b.
2. PQ is a chord of a circle. The radius of the circle is 10cm and the distance of the mid-point of the chord from the centre of the circle O, is 8cm. calculatea. The length of the chord PQ
The angle chord PQ subtends at the centre of the circlePlease submit your work to this email address: [email protected]
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CIVIC EDUCATION SSIICivil society
Civil society can be defined as any non – geo- environmental entity formed by a group of people with similar interest who come together to work for a common goal. It is also an organization of people in the society who are independent of the government. E.g Arewa people is Congress, Odua people’s congress, Ohanaeze Ndigbo etc
Roles Of Civil Society1. Check the excesses of political leaders and state officials2. Mobilize citizens for popular participation3. Pursue the enforcement of fundamental human rights4. Educate citizens to develop positive values in the society5. Make demand for social justices
ASSIGNMENT
1. State the problems of civil society in Nigeria.
NB: in our next class we are going to be looking at features of civil societies
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Email: [email protected]
C. R. S: SS TWO
JONAH AS A MESSENGER: JONAH 1:-17; 2:1-10
God sent Jonah to the city of Nineveh (capital of Assyria) to preach to them so
they will forsake their evil ways and turn to God. If they repent, the Lord is ready
to forgive them, otherwise divine judgment will follow. As a prophet, one would
have expected Jonah to carry out God’s instruction with immediate effect. Instead,
he tried to dodge from God, may be thinking that God was not serious over his
threat to punish the people of Nineveh if they failed to repent.
In his bid to escape from God Jonah boarded a ship from Joppa o Tarshish. He
went into the inner part of the ship where he fell asleep. And in the course of the
Journey God brought a very great. Wind upon the sea, which threatened to break
the ship up. Out of fear and not knowing what else to do, the mariners (the crew
and passengers) decided to throw their belongings into the sea, who knows if the
ship will be spared if the weight of its luggage was reduced.
The ship’s crew and passengers each cried to his gods and called on everybody to
call his gods for divine deliverance. While this was going on, Jonah was fast
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asleep. The mariners found him, this was this was going on, Jonah was fast asleep.
The mariners found him, woke him up and asked him to join in the prayers. Yet,
the wind continued. At this stage, the mariners decided to cast lots so as to know
for whom everyone else was in trouble.
So the lots fell on Jonah, hence, he confessed to them that he had disobeyed God
and was trying to run away from Him. Indeed, it was he who suggested to the
mariners to throw him into the sea to save others. As soon as Jonah was thrown
into the sea, the wind stopped. However, upon landing into the sea, a big fish
swallowed Jonah. Inside the belly of the fish, he prayed to God for forgiveness
after confessing his sin He thanked God for hearing him in time of trouble. He
thought of his being cast away from God’s presence, wondering how he could
again look upon the temple of God. However, he was confident that when he called
upon God; his prayers were answered. As usual, God forgave him and spoke to the
fish and it vomited Jonah out at the bank of the river, facing Nineveh, the city he
had been running away from.
The Message- Jonah 3;4:1-11
As soon as the fish vomited Jonah, God’s word came to him a second time. “Arise,
go to Nineveh, that great city and proclaim to it the message that I tell you(Jonah
3:2). The message was that after forty days, if Nineveh did not repent of her evil
ways, God would overthrow (destroy) it. He went and preached to the people.
Hearing this message, the people and their king were touched. They fasted,
mourned and repented and God forgave them.
However Jonah was not happy that God forgave the people, thinking that God’s
decision was not worth all the trouble he had experienced. He felt God had let him
down by not fulfilling what he said, and asked God to take his life than to see
Nineveh forgiven.
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He prayed again unto God and confessed that he had initially refused to take the
message to Nineveh because God, being merciful, would forgive Nineveh hereby
making him a liar. He therefore decided to go out of the city. There, he made a
booth at mind and destroy Nineveh. as he sat in anguish, God caused a leafy vine
to sprout out of the earth and provide shade for Jonah by covering his booth. As he
enjoyed the shade, God also caused worm to eat up the plant and it withered. When
the sun rose, it became so hot for him because God also appointed a sultry east
direct heat of the sun over his head.
Jonah again prayed to God to take his life, whereupon God asked him if it was
right for him to be angry because the plant which he (Jonah) neither planted nor
nurtured had withered. Jonah answered God that he had right to be angry over the
plant’s death. Unknown to Jonah, all this issue of the plant sprouting and withering
was God’s ploy to teach Jonah a lesson: if Jonah had the right to be angry over a
plant he did not plant or nurture, then shoul. He (God) not pity Nineveh, that great
city which had more than a hundred and twenty thousand persons who neither
know their right hand from their left as well as much cattle (Jonah 4:11).
Lessons to Learn from Jonah’s Mission about the Nature of God
1. God is omnipresent. He is everywhere, hence no one can run away from
him. Instead, we should be ready and willing to answer his call and obey his
message.
2. God has control over everything he crated, including the sea and even fishes.
All obey his command.
3. Jonah ran away from his task of saving Nineveh simply because Nineveh
(Assyria) were enemies of the Jews. He therefore wanted them to be wiped
away. That is why he was sad that God forgave them.
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This is not good, especially, for a prophet of God. We should always pray
for our enemies instead of wishing them death.
4. God is very merciful and pitiful. All he requires to forgive a sinner is total
repentance and confession. He forgave the people of Nineveh because they
repented.
5. Jonah prayed from the belly of a fish and God forgave him and saved him.
Why then should he be angry because God forgave Nineveh after they
repented? As Christians, we should not follow Jonah’s footsteps.
6. It is not God’s wish for any of his creatures to perish, but to repent and be
forgiven and saved.
7. No matter how strong or threatening God’s anger is, his hands are always
outstretched to receive a sinner who repents.
8. As Christians, we should learn to forgive others anytime.
9. We should obey God’s call.
10.God’s grace is universal.
Summary
1. God sent Jonah on a message to Nineveh but he tried to run away from he
duty.
2. Eventually, by an act of God, he was forced to obey.
3. As a result of Jonah’s message, Nineveh was saved.
Assignment
1. How did Jonah react to God’s message? What two lessons do we learn about
the nature of God from this episode? (SSCE June 1988).
2. Discuss the experiences of Jonah in the belly of the fish and Nineveh. What
two lessons did he learn from the experiences? (SSCE June 1993)
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3. What effects did Jonah’s message create in the people of Nineveh? How did
God react to their actions after the message?
4. God is omniscient and omnipresent. Discuss with respect to Jonah’s
experience.
5. Do you think that Jonah’s annoyance was justified because God pardoned
Nineveh? What are your reasons?
Email-:[email protected]
FINANCIAL ACCUNTING SS2
LESSON 2
TOPIC: COMPANY ACCOUNT :TYPES OF COMPANY
A) Private company :This is a company which under the section 2 (68) of the companies act 2013 restricts the right to transfer its shares ,limits the number of its members to two
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hundred ,prohibits the invitation to the public to subscribe to its shares and ends their names with the word limited (ltd)FEATURESThe following are the features of private company.1) Restricts the right to transfer its shares.2) Limits the number of its member from two to maximum of two hundred.3) Prohibits the invitation to subscription to its shares.4) Ends their name with the word limited (ltd)5) No minimum capital required
B) Public company: This is a company which by its articles invites the public to subscribe to its shares. This type of company has minimum number of seven members with no maximum.FEATURESThe following are the features of public company 1) Invites the public to subscribe to its shares.2) Minimizes the number of its members to seven.3) Allows the transfer of shares.4) Ends its name with the word (plc) .5) Has the limited liability of members 6) It has perpetual succession7) Comes into existence with total number of three (3) directors .
Difference between private and public companiesa) A public company is a company that is listed in stock exchange to trade
freely while private company is not listed in stock exchange.b) The minimum number of members to start up a public company is seven
while a minimum member in private company is two.c) It is compulsory to have a statutory meeting of members in public company
while is not compulsory in private company to have a statutory meeting of members.
d) The issuance of prospectus is mandatory in public company while it is not required in private company.
e) Shares can be transfer freely in the public companies while there is a restriction in private companies.
f) The general public is invited to subscribe to the shares of public company while there is no such invitation in private company.
g) A public company needs to disclose its financial reports quarterly or annually to the public while there is no such obligation for private company to disclose their report to the public.
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h) Public companies end their name with the word (PLC) while private companies end their name with the word (LTD).
i) In a public company at least 5 members must be present personally at the Annual general meeting (AGM) for the formation of the quorum ,whereas in the private limited company at least 2 members should present in the (AGM)
ASSIGNMENT 1) State five similarities between public and private companies2) List the advantages of private companies over public company.
Please submit your work to this email. [email protected]
COMMERCE SS2
EXPORT CREDIT: this insurance policy covers damages or uncertainties
in international trade e.g buyers insolvency, failure to accept goods after
shipment and delivery and failure to pay for delivered goods.
Export credit insurance also covers risks arising from exchange
restricted, diversion of voyage leading to loss of goods, import restrictions,
war or civil disturbance which may lead to loss of goods and failure on the
part of the foreign government to honor the contract.
Life insurance : this is a branch of insurance which is taken as a protection
against loss caused by the death of a person. The policy covers human not
property.
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TYPES OF POLICIES UNDER LIFE INSURANCE
1. WHOLE LIFE POLICY: This type of life insurance will last for the
time of the life of insured, and the sum or premiums are paid throughout life
or up to a certain age. Under the whole life assurance, the sum assured or
policy money is paid upon death.
ADVANTAGES
a. provides for the dependents of the death
b. used as a collateral
c. provides for funeral expenses
2. ENDOWMENT POLICY: under the endowment assurance, the sum
assured is paid after a specified number of years, or at the death of the
assurer whichever comes first. Policy under this include
a. family income-benefit clause: this policy provides that if the policy holder
dies prematurely, his family will receive a stated amount regularly until the
policy is discharged after an agreed number of years.
b. Double accident benefit clause: this provides for double the sum assured
to be paid to the dependents of the assured should the assured die not by
natural cause but by accident.
c. Annuity: this policy provides that the policy holder to directly enjoy the
sum assured if he outline the policy. Therefore an annuity will be paid to
him for a certain period or the reminder of his life.
d. Fidelity guarantee insurance: this insurance covers the risks which an
employer may suffer as a result of the dishonesty of the employee. This is
taken by a firm to guide against the risk or loss arising from
misappropriation of money by the employee in charge of cash e.g cashier,
accountants.
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e. Agricultural insurance: Agricultural insurance is the type of insurance
which provides relief to farmers for losses suffered on their crops as a result
of drought pest and diseases.
TYPES OF POLICY UNDER LIFE INSURANCE
1. Whole life policy: under this policy money is paid only when the insured
dies the money is paid at the happening of the event. premium are paid
throughout life.
2. Group life assurance: this type of life policy enable employers to provide
for payment to the dependent of employees who die in service. This policy
also carter for people who suffer temporary or permanent disability.
NON INSURABLE RISK
i. Speculation
ii. Gambling
iii. Maladministration
iv. Changes in fashion
v. competition risks
vi. Loss of profit through war or risk
STEPS IN TAKING OUT AN INSURANCE POLICY
i. Inquiry from an insurer or agent
ii. Proposal form
iii. Issue of cover note
iv. Issue of policy certificate
UNDERWRITING: is a process of undertaking to identify an insured for a
risk or part of a risk
REINSURANCE: is the transfer of risk from one insurance company to
another. The purpose is to spread the risk so as to reduce the weight of loss.
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QUESTION
1. Discuss any five benefit of life assurance
2. What is the difference between insurance and assurance
Please submit your work to this E-mail address [email protected]
GEOGRAPHY SS2
Graphical Representation of statistical data;There are various ways of representing large volume of information( data) in
graphical form.
The types of diagrams or graphs used to represent such information include
line graph, bar graph, pie chart (graph), flow chart, star graph, proportional
circles, dot map and chloropleth.
Importance of graphs.
i. graph helps to show relationship between two variables
ii. Graph makes clearer and quicker impression about quantitative (quality)
information contained in a tabular form
iii. Graph also helps to interpret value of variables
iv. Graph suggests connection between variables or events.
v. They provide basis for comparing variables provided in the same table.
vi. Values or quantities provided in the table are better understood and
appreciated either in graph or diagram.
vii. Graph makes it possible for changes in variables on quantities to be
expressed.
FLOW CHART
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Information on transport, the relative amount of traffic, passenger or goods
carried on different routes can be better represented by used of flow charts
The flow chart requires drawing lines on both sides and parallel (never cross
each other) to rout ways. The width of the band (lines) must be proportional
to the volume of traffic or goods passing through each route, increasing
apathy where to line converge
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
i. Clear title must be given to the flow chart
ii. Carefully examine the series of figures shown in the table
iii. Choose a suitable scale e.g 1mm reps10,000 tons
iv. Use the scale to work the values (divide) accordingly.
v. The result of the worked value given the band (line) sizes of the flow
chart.
vi. Draw the flow chart to join the receiving point (stations)
Example1
The table shows volume of goods from Apapa port to three major cities in
Nigeria
S/
N
Route Volume of goods (tons)
1 Apapa- Ibadan 15,000
2 Apapa- Benin 20,000
3 Apapa- Akure 50,000
SOLUTION
( in order to set the bands width, divide the volume by the chosen scale:
10,000)
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i. Apapa – Ibadan =15,000 =1.5mm (band)
10,000
ii. Apapa- Benin =20,000=2mm (band)
10,000
iii. Apapa- Akure = 50,000 =5mm ( band)
10,000
( Then construct the flow chart)
Flow chart shows volume of goods from Apapa port to three major cities in Nigeria, 2019.
ASSIGNMENT
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The figure below shows volume and direction of traffic between Akwanga and its surrounding towns in the year 2019.
1a. Using the scale of the chart 1 line represent 1,500 ( 1:1500) persons and in a tabular form compute the volume of passenger between Akwange town and its surrounding ( show your working clearly)
b. By how much is the traffic between Akwange and Daduguru more than the traffic between Akwanga and Toto.
c. Mention at least three major advantages of the chart you know. submit your task to [email protected]
SS 2 Chemistry Home Tutorial
Week 2: Oxidation – reduction (Redox) reactions - Review
Previous knowledge: Oxidation numbers
28
Oxidation reactions
Everyday life examples of oxidation reactions:
Burning of fuels Rusting (corrosion) of iron Respiration
Ways of identifying oxidation reactions:
a. Addition of oxygen to a substance/gaining of oxygen by a substanceS(s) + O2(g) SO2(g)
CH4(g) + O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2Ob. Removal of hydrogen from a substance
2NH3(g) + 3CuO(s) N2(g) + 3Cu(s) + 3H2O(l)
c. Addition of electronegative element to a substanceCu(s) + Cl2(g) CuCl2(s)
d. Increase in oxidation number2FeCl2 + Cl2 2FeCl3
Fe+2 Fe+3
e. Loss of electron(s)Mg + Cl2 MgCl2
i.e. Mg Mg2+ + 2e-
Reduction reactions
Ways of identifying reduction reactions:
a. Removal/loss of oxygen from a substanceZn + CuO ZnO + Cu
b. Addition/gain of hydrogenH2 + Cl2 2HCl
c. Removal of an electronegative element from a substance2FeCl3 + H2S 2FeCl2 + S + 2HCl
d. Decrease in oxidation number2FeCl3 + H2S 2FeCl2 + S + 2HCl Fe+3 S-2 Fe+2 S0
e. Gain of electron(s)2FeCl3 + H2S 2FeCl2 + S + 2HCli.e. 2Fe+3 + 2e- 2Fe+2
Summarily, oxidation is the loss of electrons from a substance. The substance is said to be oxidized. Reduction, on the other hand, is the gain of electrons by a substance. The substance is said to be reduced.
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Usually, oxidation and reduction take place at the same time in a reaction. We call this type of reaction a redox reaction (red – reduction, ox - oxidation)
Note that:
Not all reactions are redox The oxidizing agent is the chemical that causes oxidation by providing oxygen The reducing agent causes the other chemical to be reduced by removing oxygen
For example:
Al + Fe2O3 2Fe + Al2O3
Al has been oxidized. This means that Fe2O3 is the oxidizing agent. We can see that Fe2O3 has been reduced. This means that Al is the reducing agent.
Exercise:
a. Identify the oxidized and reduced substances as well as the oxidizing and reducing agents in the following equations:Br2 + SO2 + 2H2O 2HBr + H2SO4
MnO4- + 8H+ + 5Fe2+ Mn2+ + 5Fe3+ + 4H2O
PbO + CO Pb + CO2
b. From the following equations, identify the non-redox reactions and deduce your reason(s)AgNO3 + KCl AgCl + KNO3
HNO3 + NaOH NaNO3 + H2O2H2S + SO2 2H2O + 3SCaCO3 CaO + CO2
c. Describe the tests for oxidizing and reducing agents.Ali, Adigizi ([email protected])
SS 2B FRENCH LANGUAGE.
Topic: Les moyen de transport
Au Nigeria il ya quatre (4) moyen de transport, Ils sont suivantes:
i. Le transport routier
ii. Le transport aérien
iii. Le transport maritime
iv. Le transport ferroviaire
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1. Le transport aérien:
Pour le transport aérien, on peut voyager en avion, ou en helicoptere
2. Le transport routier: Pour le transport routier, on peut voyager en voiture, en autobus, en camion à moto, à cheval, a chameau, à velo ou a pied
3. Le ransport maritime: pour le transport maritime, on peut voyager en canoe, en pirogue ou en bateau
4. Le transport ferroviaire: pour, le transport ferroviaire, on voyage en train.
Identifier dix (10) moyens de transport que vous savez
Please submit your work to this email address [email protected]
SUBJECT: COMPUTER STUDIES
CLASS : SS2
TOPIC : INTERNET
Introduction:
In our last class we studied the meaning of internet and some internet terminologies. Do you still remember them? Please go through them again. Today, we shall study internet web browsers, features in a web browser, internet services and uses of internet.
WEB BROWSERS
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There are different web browsers to browse the internet. Some of the most popular ones are:
1. Internet explorer
2. Netscape navigator
3. Opera
4. Google chrome
5. UC browser
6. Firefox
7. Safari
FEATURES IN A WEB BROWSER
1. Title bar 2. Menu bar 3. Address bar 4. Web page 5. Window task bar
INTERNET SERVICES
Some of the internet services are: electronic mail, World Wide Web, discussion group, file transfer protocol, gopher, chat, telnet, use net
USES OF INTERNET/ADVANTAGES OF INTERNET
1. As a mode of communication e.g. chat,e-mail2. Online banking through online transactions3. Online education e.g. open universities, Google classroom4. Online training and seminars saves transportation fare for
trainees5. Searching – one can search for new ideas on the internet6. Online shopping E.g. jumia, konga, jiji
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7. E- commerce-doing business online is now the way to go for entrepreneurs
8. Entertainment – the internet gives you access to music , movies and comedy
ASSIGNMENT1. State 8 uses or advantages of the internet to the society (do
not mention ones already listed above).2. State five ways the internet is beneficial to you and
educational sector in this lock down period.
Please submit your work to this –Email address
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BIOLOGY-SS2.
FEEDING RELATIONSHIP IN ORGANISMSCOMMENSALISM:
A feeding relationship involving two living organisms, the host and the commensal.
The commensal gains while the host neither gains nor loses.
The commensal always feeds on remnant left over by the host.
Examples:
1.The shark and remora fish, the host is the shark , commensal, the remora fish. Shark provides
shelter and protection while the fish feeds on left over.
2. Man and intestinal bacteria, man is the host, intestinal bacterium the commensal. Man
provides shelter, protection and food i.e undigested food in the large intestine of man.
3. Cattle and white egret.
4. Oyster and crab
5. Trees and birds i.e nesting birds.
6. Hermit crab and bristle worm.
SAPROPHYTISM:
It’s a feeding habit that involves one living organism called saprophyte.
The saprophyte is a living organism that feeds on dead or decaying or decomposing organic
matter.
Examples:
1. Mushroom.
2 .Rhizopus.
3.Mucor.
4. Yeast.
5.Azotobacter.
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6. Clostridium.
PREDATION:
It’s a feeding habit amongst carnivores.
It involves two living organisms the predator and prey.
The predator is always stronger, smarter and its mouth parts are modified for biting and tearing.
The prey is sometimes weaker, smaller and slow in speed.
The predator usually kills the prey.
Examples:
1. Cat killing a rat.
2. Lion killing a zebra.
3. Shark killing a tilapia.
4. Lizard killing an insect.
QUESTIONS:
1. Highlight the maintenance of balance in the ecosystem by saprophytes.
2. Name two examples each of…
a. Parasitic fungi.
b. Symbiotic fungi.
3. Fungi are mostly………………..
4. Mention five differences between commensalism and predation.
Get back to me on the email: [email protected]
Stay safe.
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PHYSICS NOTE1 SS2REFLECTION OF LIGHT WAVES
LIGHT: Light is defined as a visible form of energy which radiated outwards from a source.
SOURCES OF LIGHT
There are various sources of light, for example the sun and the stars are natural source of light. Artificial sources of light are the candle, electric torch, the electric lamp, incandescent and arc light and fluorescent light.
We have two types of light. They are:
1. SELF LUMINOUS OR LUMINIUS SOURCE OF LIGHT: Self luminous sources of light are those that generate and emit light by themselves. Examples are the sun, stars, fire –flies and some deep-sea fishes and the artificial light sources.
2. NON-LUMINOUS: Non-luminous sources of light are bodies that depend on natural or artificial light source to illuminate them. They are seen only when they reflect the light from a luminous body. For example light from a car headlamp falling on rode sign in the night. The road sign is a non-luminous body, the headlamp is a luminous body. Examples of non-luminous bodies are a paper of a book, a person’s face, a brick etc. The sun’s rays illuminate the moon and make it to appear luminous in the night.
TRANSMISSION OF LIGHT
Light travel through a solid, liquid and gas or vacuum. This show that light is an electromagnetic wave. It can pass through a vacuum and through a material medium.
I. OPAGUE: An opaque material or body is one in which light is not allowed to pass through it etc. wood and stone etc.
II. TRANSPARENT: This is materials or bodies that allow some light energy incident on them to pass through so that objects are clearly seen eg. Glass and water.
III. TRANSLUCENT: A translucent body is one which allows some light energy to pass through it but does not allow object to be clearly seen.eg. Glass, tissue paper etc.
RAYS AND BEAMS OF LIGHT
A LIGHT RAY: Light ray is the direction or path along which light energy flows. Such rays are indicated in diagram by thin lines with arrow heads which indicate the direction of travels of the light.
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BEAM OF LIGHT: Beam of light is the collection of rays.There three types of beam. They are as follow:
1. A PARALLEL BEAM OF LIGHT: Parallel beam of light is one in which the rays are parallel to one another. Search lights give off parallel beam of light.
2. A CONVERGENT BEAM OF LIGHT: Converging beam of light is one in the ray converge or meet at a point. A handless can be used to produce such beam of light.
3. A DIVERGENT BEAM OF LIGHT: Diverging beam is one in which the light rays all come from a point and spread out or diverge from the source. Lamps produce a divergent beam of light.
ASIGNMENT1. List and explain the sources of light and give two examples each.2. Explain the following:a. Rays of light.b. Beams of light.3. Explain the three types of beam of light you known.Send the assignment through this email: [email protected]
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Garment making SS2
Topic: Ways of obtaining pattern
Pattern is a hard paper which is made by following each individual components for a style of garment or apparel,it is a template from which the parts of a garment are traced on to fabric before being cut out and assembled.
Pattern making is a highly skilled technique which calls for technical ability, sensitivity for design interpretation and practical understanding of garment construction.
Pattern can be obtained by.
1 Modeling or Draping method
2 Flat pattern method
3Computer-Aided pattern Drafting
4 Grading methods
5 Commercial patterns
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You have been taught on this topic so buy a brown paper cut out a design or draft a dress.it can be a skirt or blouse.as an assignment.
Submit to [email protected]
Catering craft practice SS2
Sub topic: Soups
Soups are taken as first course of a meal know as staters or Appertizers it adds nutritive value to food or as an accompaniment.
Types of soups
1. Clear soup.it is clear,unthickened soup with an intensive flavor from meat, fish bones or vegetables e.g consomme.
2. Cream soup.based on veloute or puree,and finished with cream or milk e.g cream of onion soup, cream of tomato soup.
3. Broth.it is an unpassed soup containing vegetables and sometimes meat or fish e.g scotch broth.4. Veloute A velvety french sauce made with stock Blond roux, vegetable stock finished with liason
of yolk and cream e.g pea veloute.5. potage. A french term referring to a thick soup e.g potato soup.6. Pureed soup..A soup of vegetable based that has been pureed in a food Mill or blender with the
addition of cream, butter,sour cream or coconut milk7. Bisque.A rich soup with a creamy consistency usually made of lobster or shell fish e.g crab,
shrimp e.t.c. e.g prawn bisque.8. Chowder A North American soup, usually made with seafood base e.g Clam chowder9. Gazpacho.A Spanish tomato vegetable soup serve ice Cold e.g Gazpacho10. Minestrone..An Italian vegetable soup known as Minestrone
Assignment
Write down recipes, methods of preparing the following soup 1 cream 11 Broth 111 Pureed soup.
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Submit to [email protected]
Subject: Economics
Class: SS2
Topic: Public Finance
Public finance is simply defined as the aspect of economics which deals with government revenue and expenditure. It is the branch of economics that assesses the government revenue and expenditure of the public authorities and the adjustment of one or the other to achieve desirable effects and avoid undesirable ones.
Public finance involves the financial activities that concerns borrowing, lending, receiving and spending by the federal, state, local government and their agencies in order to create an impact on individuals and corporate bodies.
Objectives of Public Finance
Revenue generation: public finance assists the government to achieve effective and efficient generation of revenue for the nation.
Price stabilization: public finance helps to ensure the stability of prices of goods and services in order to prevent frequent fluctuations and other related issues life inflation.
Improved balance of payment: public finance also helps government in ensuring favorable balance of payment (The balance of payments, also known as balance of international payments and abbreviated B.O.P. of a country is the record of all economic transactions between the residents of the country and the rest of the world in a particular period of time (e.g., a quarter of a year). These transactions are made by individuals, firms and government bodies
Good fiscal policy: public finance is used by government to ensure that a good and acceptable fiscal policy(Fiscal policy is the of use of income and expenditure instruments or policy to control or regulate the economic activities in a country. Instruments are Budget and Tax)
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Provision of employment: public finance is used to create employment opportunities in the country.QuestionState any four factors contributing to the increase in government expenditure in your country. Summit To [email protected]
DYE AND BLEACHING SS2
1. Explain the term chlorine.2. Explain the term Caustic Soda.3. Why do we draw designs on paper first before transferring them into the
fabric?4. What are the uses of Chlorine?5. Write an essay of 500 words on designs on fabric by bleaching.
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