mrdroot3.files.wordpress.com€¦ · Web viewChapter 5: Languages. 11. Key Issue 1: Where Are . The. World’s . Languages Distributed? Pages. 146-153 ** *Always keep your key term

The Cultural Landscape by RubensteinChapter 5: Languages

Key Issue 1: Where Are The World’s Languages Distributed?Pages 146-153

***Always keep your key term packet out whenever you take notes from Rubenstein. As the terms come up in the text, think through the significance of the term.

1. Define language:

2. Explain the relationship between language and migration

3. Define official language:

4. Explain the similarities and differences between a developing and vigorous language

5. Define language family:

6. Define language branch:

7. Define language group:

8. Make three observations of figure 5-3(LANGUAGE TREE)

9. Make brief notes on each of the following language families as you read about them in this section (i.e. how many people speak a language of that family, where spoken, common languages, etc.). See pages 150-153.

a. Indo-European

b. Sino-Tibetan

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c. Austronesian

d. Austro-Asiatic

e. Tai Kadai

f. Japanese

g. Korean

h. Dravidian

i. Altaic

j. Uralic

k. Afro-Asiatic

l. Niger-Congo

m. Nilo-Saharan

n. Quechuan

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Key Issue 2: Where Did English and related Languages Originate and Diffuse?Pages 154-163

1. Using the reading on page 150, complete the following chart about the Indo-European Branches. Make notes on languages within, background, history, current distribution….etc. You MUST SHOW YOU READ with the notes in each box

Indo-European

Germanic Branch Romance Branch

Indo-Iranian Balto-Slavic

2. Explain the origin and diffusion of Romance languages.

3. Why have Romance branch languages achieved worldwide importance?

4. Define Vulgar Latin.

5. Explain the two examples to illustrate the explanation of a common language ancestor:

6. Contrast the two views of the origin of this language in the chart below.

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“Kurgan” Theory Renfrew Hypothesis

7. What three European people originally came together to form the English people and English language?

8. Where did these people come from?

9. Annotate the map from figure 5-16 and make TWO observations

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10. What two subsequent invasions added additional words to the evolving English language?

11. When and why did English diffuse to North America?

12. Why is a common language so important in society? Give two examples.

13. Define Lingua Franca

14. Define Pidgin Language

15. Why do English speakers not embrace the importance of learning other languages?

16. How did English become widely diffused?

17. What language increased from 2% to 25% from 1998 to 2015?

18. Define logograms.

19. Explain the reason behind the emergence of Chinese as the nest Lingua Franca

20. What is an Official Language? Give three examples

Should English be the official U.S. language? Write a thesis statement to answer:

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Key Issue 3: Why Do Individual Languages Vary Among Places?Pages 164-171

1. Dialects are defined as “regional variations of a language” and are distinguished by three things. What are they? Provide a description of each

2. In a single word, why is American English different from that spoken in England?

3. Define standard language:

4. What is the standard language for of English? Where did it come from (3 cities)? How was it diffused throughout Britain?

5. What are the three regional differences in English dialects in England?

6. Explain what an isogloss is.

7. People from all three eastern regions (New England, Southeastern, Midlands) migrated into the Midwest, Great Plains and Western United States. Why is there a relatively uniform form of English (dialect) spoken across this enormous area?

8. Explain the origination of African American English:

9. Define Ebonics. Give an example of Ebonics.

10. Explain one similarity between Appalachian English and Ebonics.

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11. Define creolized language:

12. Why is it difficult to distinguish individual languages from dialects?

Please fill out the chart in relation to various dialects

Dialect Location How is it distinguished from a language? (provide notes)

Catalan-Valencian-Balear

Galacian

Moldovan

Italy

Occitan

13. Explain the reason behind why governments are interested in designating a single dialect.

14. How was Spanish unified? How about Portuguese?

15. Prepare detailed notes with bullets and notations on the maps regarding the following case studies:Belgium: Political & linguistic divides (Figure 5-36)Switzerland: Peace in a multi-lingual state (Figure 5-33)Nigeria: Problems in a multi-lingual state (Figure 5-35)Canada: Bilingual Autonomy(Figure

7Notes:


Canada

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Notes:

Notes:


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Notes:


Key Issue 4: Why do Local Languages Survive?Pages 172-178

1. How many languages are in danger of extinction?

2. According to UNESCO how many are vulnerable_________________Definitely

Endangered__________________Severely Endangered_________________ and Critically

Endangered____________________

3. Why do you think that Asia might have few dying languages?

4. Complete the chart below by taking notes on the various languages/countries & languages that are in danger of becoming extinct

Australia –

New Zealand –

Native American –

Celtic- (Welsh, Irish, Breton, Scottish, Cornish)

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Irish-

Scottish Gaelic-

5. Define Isolated Language.

6. Explain the role and importance of Basque as an isolated language

7. How is Icelandic NOT an isolated language?

8. What is an Extinct Language?

9. How many languages have become extinct since 1950?

10. In ONE word, what is the loss of languages attribute to?

11. Explain the growth of Hebrew as a revived language:

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mrdroot3.files.wordpress.com€¦ · Web viewChapter 5: Languages. 11. Key Issue 1: Where Are . The. World’s . Languages Distributed? Pages. 146-153 ** *Always keep your key term