Chapter 4. R. W. Salt. 1961. Principles of insect cold-hardiness. Pages 55-74. In: Edward A. Steinhaus, Ray F. Smith (editors). Annual Review of Entomology. Volume 6, 466 pages. Palo Alto, California: Annual Reviews Inc.

Keywords: chilling and cold-acclimation, avoidance of freezing by supercooling, nucleation and freezing, nucleation in contact moisture, influence of time of nucleation, time-to-freeze curves of hibernating Cephus cinctus exposed to constant temperatures of -20oC, limit of supercooling in water, influence of dehydration in cold-hardiness, freezing-tolerance, theories of freezing-tolerance and freezing injury, glycerol and cold-hardiness in insects, occurrence of glycerol in insects, relation of glycerol to diapause,