2017 AP World History Multiple Choice Questions

ERA 1: ANCIENT

(Origins- 600 B.C.E)

Questions 1 - 2 refer to the map below.

The Major River Valley Civilizations

Source: Keywordssuggest.org

1. Which of the following was a direct effect of the trend in river civilization development after 8,000 B.C.E shown on the map?

(A) An increase in the specialization of labor and development of social classes

(B) the widespread approval of capitalism as an economic system

(C) A belief in polytheism

(D) The development of social inequality

2. The people that settled in the river civilizations shown on the graph settled in which of the following regions of the world?

(A) The northern hemisphere

(B) near ports so they could trade across the oceans

(C) along river valleys that served as a source of water for crops

(D) as far away from mountains as possible so it was easier for trade

Questions 3-6 refer to the excerpt below.

"If a woman bring about the death of her husband for the sake of another man, they shall impale her.

If a son strike his father, they shall cut off his fingers. If a man destroy the eye of another man, they shall destroy his eye. If one break a man’s bone, they shall break his bone... If a man knock out a tooth of a man of his own rank, they shall knock out his tooth... If he be a freeman, he (the physician) shall receive five shekels... If a physician operate on a man for a severe wound with a bronze lancet [surgical knife] and cause the man’s death; or open an abscess (in the eye) of a man with a bronze lancet and destroy the man’s eye, they shall cut off his fingers..."

Hammurabi, Law Code (translated), 1,800 B.C.E. 

3. The issues expressed by Hammurabi were a response to the?

(A) controversy regarding legal support for various minority religions

(B) the need to develop a uniform and public law code to unify his people

(C) debate over the treatment of women

(D) the dispute over monotheism

4. The ideas expressed in Hammurabi's law code most strongly influenced which trend in ancient Mesopotmia?

(A) The establishment of legal codes

(B) the equal treatment of women throughout Mesopotamia

(C) the refusal to protect minority groups such as women and slaves

(D) The development of free public health care

5. The excerpt would be most useful to historians as a source of information about which of the following

(A) The role that law codes play in ancient Mesopotamian people's lives

(B) the relative equality of all citizens under the protection of the law in ancient Mesopotamia

(C) the harsh realities of life for women under a patriarchal society

(D) The interaction between Mesopotamian rulers and his people

6. Which of the following developments demonstrated the strongest continuity with the idea expressed in the decree?

(A) Modern democracies are based on the rule of law

(B) The idea of equal pay for women

(C) The need for no cruel and unusual punishment

(D) The separation of religious and political law codes

Questions 7-8 refer to the diagram below.

The Indo-European Migrations

Source: Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction

7. Which of the following was a direct effect of the trend in migration patterns shown in the diagram?

(A) The invasion of Rome by Germanic tribes

(B) The establishment of the caste system in India

(C) An increase in metallurgy in Europe

(D) The development of cross-cultural trade between Europe and Asia

8. The main trend shown in the diagram was most directly associated with which of the following processes occurring in India at the time?

(A) The growing gap between the white Aryans and the local Dravidians

(B) The beginning of an advanced civilization

(C) The rise of polytheism

(D) The development of advanced sewer and plumbing systems

Questions 9 - 10 refer to the diagram below

Early Bantu Migrations

Source: Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction

9. Which of the following was a direct effect of the trend in migration patterns shown on the graph?

(A) The spread of advanced civilizations

(B) The establishment of major trading centers in eastern Africa

(C) the diffusion of Bantu dialects across Africa

(D) The development of advanced metallurgy used for farming

10. The main trend shown in the graph was most directly associated with which of the following processes occurring in Africa at the time?

(A) The decline in efforts to farm outside of the dense rainforest areas

(B) The beginning of an industrialized economy

(C) The widespread usage of hunter-gatherer techniques

(D) The development of civilizations all over Africa

Questions 11-12 refer to the image below.

Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead

Source: historyofinformation.com

11. The Egyptian belief in the afterlife contributed most directly to which of the following trends?

(A) An increase in tensions between social classes

(B) The construction of various pyramids

(C) An upsurge in religious warfare

(D) The pursuit of social harmony

12. The main trend shown in the imagewas most directly associated with which of the following beliefs occurring in Egypt at the time?

(A) The belief that only pharaohs could enter the afterlife

(B) The belief in judgment before one entered the afterlife

(C) That beasts and men could enter the afterlife

(D) Ones social status determined one's entry into the afterlife

Questions 13-14 refer to the image below.

Ancient Harappan Civilization

Source: Scinews.com

13. Which of the following developments in the late 19th century best represented the continuation of the ideas expressed in the image?

(A) An increase in tensions between social classes

(B) Women's support for child care laws

(C) The increase in urbanization in industrial areas

(D) The daily life of commoners before they were conquered by invaders

14. The main trend shown in the graph was most directly associated with which of the following processes occurring in India at the time?

(A) The squandering of valuable resources

(B) The diffusion of knowledge throughout the civilization

(C) The relative equality of all social classes

(D) The development of an advanced plumbing and sewer system

Questions 15-16 refer to the image below.

Shang Dynasty Oracle Bone

Source: PierceSchoolBrookline

15. The image shown best reflects an effort by the Chinese to

(A) encourage the spirits to promote positive results

(B) interpret the signs of the spirits that they believed shaped daily lives

(C) promote the harmony between rulers and followers

(D) institute new laws that promoted harmony and unity

16. Which of the following represents a later example of a change highlighted in the image?

(A) The increasing inability of rulers to govern under the Mandate of Heaven

(B) The development of the modern Chinese script

(C) The growing consensus among Chinese that they need to build a wall to protect from northern invaders

(D) A philosophical belief in non-violence and harmony with nature

Questions 17-18 refer to the image below.

Ancient Olmec Statue

Source: Britannica.com

17. This image would be most useful to historians as a source of information about which of the following?

(A) the relationship between the art, architecture, and culture of early Mexicans

(B) The interaction between the clergy and commoners in ancient Mexico

(C) The role that architecture played in promoting the colonization of Mexico

(D) The interconnection between nature, architecture, and human sacrifice in ancient Mexico

18. The Olmec statue most directly illustrated the debate about which of the following issues in ancient Mexico?

(A) The biological origins of the Mexicans

(B) The role that nature played in shaping early Meso-American society

(C) The rise and fall of early Meso-American societies

(D) Architectural and technological developments in ancient Mexico

2017 AP World History Multiple Choice Questions

ERA 2- CLASSICAL

( 600 B.C.E- 600 C.E.)

Questions 1-2 refer to the excerpt below.

"Now the Persian nation is made up of many tribes. Those which Cyrus assembled and persuaded to revolt from the Medes were the principal ones on which all the others are dependent. These are the Pasargadae, the Maraphians, and the Maspians, of whom the Pasargadae are the noblest. The Achaemenidae, from which spring all the Perseid kings, is one of their clans... The customs which I know the Persians to observe are the following: they have no images of the gods, no temples nor altars, and consider the use of them a sign of folly. This comes, I think, from their not believing the gods to have the same nature with men, as the Greeks imagine. Their wont, however, is to ascend the summits of the loftiest mountains, and there to offer sacrifice to Zeus, which is the name they give to the whole circuit of the firmament. They likewise offer to the sun and moon, to the earth, to fire, to water, and to the winds. These are the only gods whose worship has come down to them from ancient times."

Herodotus, On the Customs of the Persians, 430 B.C.E.

1. The excerpt would be most useful to historians as a source of information about which of the following?

(A) the similarities and difference of Greek and Persian gods

(B) the nature of ruler and citizen in ancient Persia

(C) the interaction between Greeks and Persians in the classical age

(D) the role that religion has played historically in Persian culture

2. Which of the following was a major contrast between the customs of the Persians and those of the Greeks?

(A) the Persians have no images of gods nor altars for religious worship

(B) Greeks had less gods than Persians

(C) the Greek economy was based on agriculture

(D) the Persians offered sacrifice to their gods

Questions 3-4 refer to the excerpt below.

" Govern the state by correctness;

Deploy the army by deception;

Acquire the empire by taking no action (wushi).

How do I know this is so?

By this.

The more prohibitions there are in the world, The poorer are the people.

The more sharp weapons the people have, The more disorder is fomented in the family and state.

The more adroit and clever men are, The more deceptive things are brought forth.

The more laws and ordinances are promulgated, The more thieves and robbers there are.

."

Laozi, Daodejing, c. 500 B.C.E

3. The Daoist account most directly illustrated the debates about which of

the following issues in classical China?

(A) The limits of the government

(B) The proper role of government

(C) The social tensions between farmers and landlords

(D) The clash between military and government officials

4. The attitudes of prohibitions described by Laozi is most consistent with which of the following developments in the 20th century?

(A) The Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution

(B) the Soviet Union during the Stalin era

(C) the independence of India

(D) the transition of a communist country to capitalism

Questions 5-7 refer to the excerpt below.

“When the war in Kalinga was over, and all the people were conquered, he [Ashoka] felt inside him a great crisis, a stirring for meaning and a remorse. Ashoka goes on a pilgrimage seeking a guru, a teacher. And by the riverbank he met a Buddhist monk and the monk told him to sit beneath the Bodhi tree where the Buddha had found Enlightenment. And there the power of ideas and the power of the state came together in a uniquely Indian way. [It was] a rejection of the path of violence [and] of a whole way of understanding history. While he was here, Ashoka gave rich gifts to the poor. He consulted with local communities about proper governance, about good conduct...forming in his mind now as a political order the sort of which had never been conceived of before in the history of the world."

- Michael Wood, PBS's Story of India (2009)

5. The Battle of Kalinga was significant in the history of India because it

(A) was the first major battle against a neighboring state

(B) led to the decline of trade

(C) the most violent conflict up to that point

(D) it was a turning point in the promotion of Buddhism

6. The pilgrimage taken by Ashoka most directly reflected?

(A) a desire to expand territory

(B) the desire to put philosophical and political theory into practice

(C) social tensions between the Hindus and Buddhists

(D) to spread Buddhism across Asia

7. Which of the following evidence would best support Wood's argument in the excerpt?

(A) Military documents from all of the major civilizations up to that point

(B) Testimony from government officials that Ashoka was influential on modern politics

(C) Narratives from the lives of Indians who and designed the Indian national flag

(D) Statistical data revealing the number of Buddhists in India before and after Ashoka's pilgrimage

Questions 8-10 refer to the excerpt below.

“The most celebrated system of jurisprudence known to the world begins, as it ends, with a Code. From the commencement to the close of its history, the expositors of Roman Law consistently employed language which implied that the body of their system rested on the Twelve Decemviral Tables, and therefore on a basis of written law. Except in one particular, no institutions anterior to the Twelve Tables were recognised at Rome. The theoretical descent of Roman jurisprudence from a code, the theoretical ascription of English law to immemorial unwritten tradition, were the chief reasons why the development of their system differed from the development of ours. Neither theory corresponded exactly with the facts, but each produced consequences of the utmost importance.

Henry Maine, Lawyer and Historian, Ancient Law, 1861

8. The Twelve Tables were significant in the history of law because they

(A) were the first successful attempt of the Romans to codify law

(B) were the first patriarchal laws

(C) discriminated against slaves, women, and landless peasants

(D) promoted the study of law among the Plebian class of society

9. The Twelve Tables most directly reflected?

(A) conflicts from the imperial Roman period

(B) the political problems caused by invading groups from Europe

(C) social tensions between the Patrician and Plebian classes

(D) the conflict between urban and rural populations

10. Which of the following evidence would best support Maine's argument in the excerpt?

(A) Political documents in modern law codes that reflect the principles of the Twelve Tables

(B) Testimony from government officials that the Twelve Tables was influential on modern politics

(C) Narratives from the lives of Roman politicians who drafted the Twelve Tables

(D) Statistical data revealing the number of Plebians and Patricians tried as a result of the Twelve Tables

2017 AP World History Multiple Choice Questions

ERA 3: POST-CLASSICAL

( 600 C.E- 1450 C.E.)

Questions 1-2 refer to the image below.

Hagia Sophia

Source: PBS.org

1. The construction of the church by Justinian was most directly a reaction to

(A) an increase in tensions between the educated elite, and the Catholic priests

(B) increasing social unrest caused by Justinian's high taxes and his brutal crushing of uprisings in Constantinople

(C) the opening of new trade routes along important silk road cities (D) The development of Christianity

2. Which of the following was a major contrast between the Byzantine Church and its uses after 1453?

(A) The church was later adorned with previously forbidden religious icons

(B) The building was used as a house of worship for Muslims

(C) The Greek Orthodox took over after the Great Schism

(D) The church became used for secular more often than religious purposes

Questions 3-4 refer to the excerpts below.

"... Stories have been related to me, which the hearer can scarcely credit, as to the terror of the Tatars (Mongols), which God Almighty cast into men's hearts; so that it is said that a single one of them would enter a village or a quarter wherein were many people, and would continue to slay them one after another, none daring to stretch forth his hand against this horseman. And I have heard that one of them took a man captive, but had not with him any weapon wherewith to kill him; and he said to his prisoner, "Lay your head on the ground and do not move," and he did so, and the Tatar went and fetched his sword and slew him therewith.

Ibn al-Atir, 1220-1221, Muslim historian

“Hulagu Khan handed the rich treasures which had been brought...from the Caliph’s court to the ruler of Rayy…for safekeeping, and had them carried to Azerbaijan as was the booty from Asia Minor, Georgia, Armenia, Luristan and the land of the Kurds…..These invaders burned our great libraries, broke our canals and ditches, destroyed our farms, defiled the true Faith by raising temples to Buddha…attempted to destroy our trade with paper money…”

Muslim historian, Rashid Fadl Abi-l’Hair, 1498

3. The excerpts were written in response to the

(A) Mongol's policy of promoting Islam

(B) Arab empires' failure to protect citizens from the Mongol invasions

(C) Arab Dynasties failures to promote cross-cultural trade

(D) The Mongols ability to conquer previously wealthy and powerful empires

4. The ideas about invasion and conquest expressed by both Muslim historians are most consistent with which of the following?

(A) The military and political traditions of central Asian nomads

(B) The belief in Islam

(C) The concept of religious intolerance

(D) The ideas of the Middle Ages

Questions 5-6 refer to the map below.The Silk Road Trade Routes around 600 C.E.

Courtesy of Silkroutes.net

5. The pattern of trade routes after 600 C.E. were linked most directly bywhich of the following factors?

(A) Abassid Empire's attempts to impose taxes on non-Muslims

(B) the fall of the western Roman empire

(C) the role of the Monsoon winds

(D) The rising influence of Muslim governments and merchants

6. The difference in trade route patterns from the land to sea had which of the following effects?

(A) promoted the advancement and diffusion of maritime technology

(B) a decrease in the significance of the monsoon winds

(C) an increase in conflict between the Chinese and Arab merchants

(D) an increase in trade with western Europe

Questions 7-9 refer to the excerpt below.

“Another of their (people of Mali's) good qualities is their habit of wearing clean white garments on Fridays. Even if a man has nothing but an old worn shirt, he washes it and cleans it, and wears it to the Friday service. Yet another is their zeal for learning the Koran by heart. They put their children in chains if they show any backwardness in memorizing it, and they are not set free until they have it by heart. I visited the qadi in his house on the day of the festival. His children were chained up, so I said to him, "Will you not let them loose?" He replied, "I shall not do so until they learn the Koran by heart."

Ibn Battuta, Travels in Africa, c. 1325

7) Ibn Battuta's account suggests that cultural encounters between Africans and Arabs in the 1300's was most directly shaped by

(A) interest in religious debate

(B) Trans-Atlantic Exchanges

(C) cross-cultural trade

(D) traditions and practices of Islam

8) Ibn Battuta's account contributed most directly to which of the following trends?

(A) The rise in social tensions between African rulers and their people

(B) greater political autonomy for Africa

(C) the rise and spread of Islam

(D) the rise of child soldiers in Africa

9) The experience described in the excerpt is an example of which of the following historical developments?

(A) The development of the Silk Road

(B) The urbanization of African cities

(C) The development of African literature

(D) The tension within Muslim sects

Questions 10-12 refer to the excerpts below.

"Damascus (city in Syria) is the paradise of the east and the rising place of its radiant beauty. The city was highly honored when Allah gave refuge to the Messiah and his Mother (Muslims believe Jesus and Mary sought refuge in Damascus) on an 'elevated spot, secure and abundant in water' {Sura 23:52). In fact wherever you look in your gaze, by Allah, they told the truth who said, "If Paradise be on earth, Damascus must be it; if it is m Heaven, Damascus can parallel and match it."

Source: Ibn Jubayr, Spanish Muslim traveler and geographer, 1184 CE

"Cordoba after the Arab conquest of the Iberian Peninsula became the ultimate goal of the land, headquarters of the army, mother of all towns, seat of the virtuous and pious, and abode of the people of intellect and learning...The explanation of the superiority of the Cordobans over all others past and present lies in the fact that the city's climate is one of research and investigation in the variety of sciences and literature."

Source: Al-Hijari, Andalusian (Spanish Muslim of Arab origin) historian, from his writings, 1188

10. The statements of both Muslim authors share the same goal of?

(A) encouraging non-Muslims to come to Arabia and convert to Islam

(B) encouraging loyal Muslims to join the Crusades

(C) spreading the ideals of Islam across the entire region

(D) portraying the cities of Islam as the most virtuous places on Earth

11. Ibn Jubayr issued the writingsprimarily in order to

(A) show from a Muslim perspective the splendors of an Islamic city

(B) gain support from Muslims in far off lands like India and China

(C) protect Muslim interests in the Middle East

(D) support the expansionist policies of the Umayyad Dynasty

12. Al-Hijari's writing best reflects which of the following developments in the spread of Islam?

(A) the expansionist policies of the Umayyads

(B) the philosophical and scholarly atmosphere of Islamic Spain

(C) the contrast between Islamic and Christian cities

(D) the demand of Muslims to join the Crusades to defeat the Christians

Questions 13-14 refer to the map below.The Spread of Islam 622-750 C.E.

13. The pattern of Islamic conversions after 622 C.E. were linked most directly by which of the following factors?

(A) the large size of the Mediterranean Sea in relation to Arabia

(B) the expansionist policies of the first four caliphs and the Umayyad Dynasty

(C) the production of luxury goods to be sold in Asia along the Silk Road

(D) The Byzantine government's inability to impose strict control in its territories

14. The difference in conversion patterns from the first four caliphs to that of the Umayyads had which of the following effects?

(A) the promotion of science, literature, and philosophy in Spain

(B) a decrease in the settlements along the Mediterranean

(C) the decline in the importance of Mecca as a holy city

(D) a major increase in trade with China

Questions 15-16 refer to the map below.

Indian Ocean Trade Routes 500-1,000 C.E.

Source: castinet.castilleja.org

15. Which of the following was a direct effect of the trend in trade routes from 500 C.E.- 1,000 C.E. shown on the graph?

(A) An increase in tensions between African and Indian kingdoms

(B) The poverty of East Africa

(C) A decrease in the importance of the Monsoon winds

(D) The spread of Islam

16. Most historians would argue that the Indian Ocean trade routes began to decrease their significance on global trade patterns as a result of

(A) The rise of the Mongols and their control of the Silk Road trade routes

(B) The discovery of the Americas

(C) The last voyage of Zheng He and the isolationist policies of Ming China

(D) The reliance on overland routes of the Silk Road

Questions 17-18 refer to the diagram below.

East African Trade Routes c. 1,000 C.E.

Source: westshore.hs.brevard.k12.fl.us

17. Which of the following was a direct effect of the trend in trade routes c. 1,000 C.E. shown on the graph?

(A) An increase in tensions between African and Indian kingdoms

(B) The passage of laws abolishing slavery

(C) The Arabic and Persian influence on the development of the Swahili language

(D) The monopoly of Islam in East African cities

18. The pattern of Indian Ocean trade resulted most directly from which of the following factors

(A) The large population of Muslims that existed in Africa, India, and China

(B) Knowledge of the Monsoon winds' cycles

(C) The orientation of the East African cities towards agricultural production

(D) The merchants attempts to reduce taxes along the Silk Road

2017 AP World History Multiple Choice Questions

ERA 4: EARLY MODERN

( 1450 C.E- 1750 C.E.)

Questions 1 - 3 refer to the excerpt below.

“The first object that saluted my eyes when I arrived on the coast was the sea, and a slave ship…waiting for its cargo. These filled me with astonishment, that was soon converted into terror…I was immediately handled and tossed up to see if I was sound, by some of the crew; and I was now persuaded that I had got into a world of bad spirits, and that they were going to kill me… I was soon put down under the decks, and there I received such a salutation in my nostrils as I had never experienced in my life: so that, with the loathsomeness of the stench, and with my crying together, I became so sick and low that I was not able to eat…I now wished for the last friend, death, to relieve me; but soon, to my grief, two of the white men offered me eatables; and on my refusing to eat, one of them held me…and laid me across, I think, the windlass, and tied my feet, while the other flogged me severely...”

Elaudah Equiano, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Elaudah Equiano. 1789

1) Equiano's account suggests that cultural encounters between Europeans and Africans in the 1700's was most directly shaped by

(A) Muslim influences

(B) interest in science and technology

(C) Trans-Atlantic Exchanges

(D) reliance on agriculture

2) Equiano's account contributed most directly to which of the following trends?

(A) The growth of the ideology of Social Darwinism

(B) greater political autonomy for Africa

(C) demands for worker's rights

(D) the abolition of international slavery

3) The experience described in the excerpt is an example of which of the following historical developments?

(A) The Industrial Revolution

(B) The Triangle Trade

(C) The development of Conservativism

(D) The influence of Nationalism

Questions 4-6 refer to the excerpt below.

"When the Spanish first journeyed there, the indigenous population of the island of Hispaniola stood at some three million; today only two hundred survive. The island of Cuba... is now to all intents and purposes uninhabited;" and two other large, beautiful and fertile islands, Puerto Rico and Jamaica, have been similarly devastated. Not a living soul remains today on any of the islands of the Bahamas, which lie to the north of Hispaniola and Cuba, even though every single one of the sixty or so islands in the group, as well as those known as the Isles of Giants and others in the area, both large and small, is more fertile and more beautiful than the Royal Gardens in Seville and the climate is as healthy as anywhere on earth. The native population, which once numbered some five hundred thousand, was wiped out by forcible expatriation to the island of Hispaniola, a policy adopted by the Spaniards in an endeavour to make up losses among the indigenous population of that island."

Bartolome de las Casas, A Short Account of the Destruction of the West Indies, 1542

4. The ideas expressed in the excerpt differed from the predominant Spanish approach to colonization primarily because de las Casas was

(A) encouraging Spain to start colonizing the Caribbean

(B) highlighting the decline of the natives as part of colonization

(C) promoting new laws that would make it easier to control the natives

(D) arguing that the Americas is more fertile than Europe, making it suitable for colonization

5. The excerpt best reflects an effort by De Las Casas to

(A) overcome opposition to colonization

(B) persuade other priests to join him in the Americas

(C) encourage the improved treatment of the natives

(D) prevent the abuses of colonization from spreading to the Caribbean

6. Which of the following best represents continuity in the years after 1800 with the account that De Las Casasdescribed in the excerpt?

(A) the treatment of slaves as part of the Trans-Atlantic Slave trade

(B) Latin American independence movements

(C) the violence and bloodshed during the Cuban Revolution

(D) Simon Bolivar's struggle to unify South America into a gran Colombia

Questions 7-8 refer to the excerpts below.

The Columbian Exchange, is one of the more spectacular and significant ecological events of the past millennium. When Europeans first touched the shores of the Americas, Old World crops such as wheat, barley, rice, and turnips had not traveled west across the Atlantic, and New World crops such as maize, white potatoes, sweet potatoes, and manioc had not traveled east to Europe. In the Americas, there were no horses, cattle, sheep, or goats, all animals of Old World origin. Except for the llama, alpaca, dog, a few fowl, and guinea pig, the New World had no equivalents to the domesticated animals associated with the Old World, nor did it have the pathogens associated with the Old World’s dense populations of humans...Among these germs were those that carried smallpox, measles, chickenpox, influenza, malaria, and yellow fever.

Alfred Crosby, The Columbian Exchange, 1978

7. The import of Old World crops to the New World transformed American society mostly by?

(A) diversifying diets and thereby triggering a population increase

(B) encouraging the privatization of lands

(C) improving relations between Europeans and native inhabitants

(D) encouraging warfare between European powers

8. The patterns described in the excerpt most directly foreshadowed which of the following developments?

(A) the spread of corn from South America to North America

(B) the gradual transition from a feudal to capitalist society

(C) The population decline of Native Americans

(D) the emergence of racially mixed populations in the Americas

Questions 9-10 refer to the excerpt below.

" When Motecuhzoma [Montezuma] had given necklaces to each one, Cortés asked him: "Are you Motecuhzoma?

Are you the king? Is it true that you are the king Motecuhzoma?"And the king said: "Yes, I am Motecuhzoma."

Then he stood up to welcome Cortés; he came forward, bowed his head low and addressed him...

The Spaniards attacked the musicians first, slashing at their hands and faces until they had killed all of them. The

singers-and even the spectators- were also killed. This slaughter in the Sacred Patio went on for three hours. Then

the Spaniards burst into the rooms of the temple to kill the others: those who were carrying water, or bringing fodder

for the horses, or grinding meal, or sweeping, or standing watch over this work. The Sun had treacherously

murdered our people on the twentieth day after the captain left for the coast. We allowed the Captain to return to the

city in peace. But on the following day we attacked him with all our might, and that was the beginning of the war."

An Aztec Account of the Conquest of Mexico, c. 1520's

9. The Aztec account most directly illustrated the debates about which of

the following issues in America?

(A) The process of breaking colonial laws

(B) The issuing of the "Requirement"

(C) The colonization of the Caribbean

(D) The treatment of "the Other" upon first contact in the New World

10. The actions of the Spanish described in the Aztec account contributed to which of the following economic developments within the first century of colonization in the Americas ?

(A) the establishment of the encomienda system

(B) the conquest of the Maya by Cortez

(C) the rise of anti colonial governors caused by the mistreatment of natives

(D) the reliance on the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade for labor

Questions 11-13 refer to the excerpt below.

" Papal indulgences for the building of St. Peter's are circulating under your most distinguished name, and as regards them, I do not bring accusation against the outcries of the preachers, which I have not heard, so much as I grieve over the wholly false impressions which the people have conceived from them; to wit, -- the unhappy souls believe that if they have purchased letters of indulgence they are sure of their salvation; again, that so soon as they cast their contributions into the money-box, souls fly out of purgatory; furthermore, that these graces [i.e., the graces conferred in the indulgences] are so great that there is no sin too great to be absolved, even, as they say -- though the thing is impossible -- if one had violated the Mother of God; again, that a man is free, through these indulgences, from all penalty and guilt."

Martin Luther, Letter to Archbishop of Mainz, 1517

11. Which of the following aspects of Luther's description expresses a major change in Europeans' views of Catholicism?

(A) The idea that indulgences can be sold but only by the Pope

(B) The idea that religion has a role to play in ensuring economic codes

(C) The idea that salvation can be reached by following the sacraments

(D) The idea that the Pope and Catholic church were corrupt and in need of a religious reformation

12. Luther's ideas are most directly a reaction to the

(A) the increasing sentiments that the Catholic church was interested

in money more than the gospel

(B) growing backlash of Catholics against the Protestants

(C) the increase in demand for new Christian converts

(D) the persecution of religious minorities during the Inquisition

13. Luther's position regarding the papal sale of indulgences was most strongly supported by which of the following?

(A) Italian merchants

(B) members of the Spanish Crown

(C) the Catholic Church

(D) Calvinists

Questions 14-15 refer to the diagram below.

Courtesy of Wikicommons

14. The import of Old World crops to the New World transformed American society mostly by?

(A) diversifying diets and thereby triggering a population increase

(B) encouraging the privatization of lands

(C) improving relations between Europeans and native inhabitants

(D) encouraging warfare between European powers

15. The patterns depicted in the diagram most directly foreshadowed which of the following developments?

(A) the spread of corn from South America to North America

(B) the gradual transition from a feudal to capitalist society

(C) The population decline of Native Americans

(D) the emergence of racially mixed populations in the Americas

Questions 16-18 refer to the excerpt below.

"... Upon this a question arises: whether it is better to be loved than feared or feared than loved? It may be answered that one should wish to be both, but, because it is difficult to unite them in one person, it is much safer to be feared than loved,... men have less scruple in offending one who is beloved than one who is feared, for love is preserved by the link of obligation which, owing to the baseness of men, is broken at every opportunity for their advantage; but fear preserved you by a dread of punishment which never fails... Nevertheless a prince ought to inspire fear in such a way that, if he does not win love, he avoids hatred; because he can endure very well being feared whilst he is not hated, which will always be as long as he abstains from the property of his citizens and subjects and from their women.

Niccolo Machiavelli, The Prince, 1513

16. Which of the following groups would have been most likely to support Machiavelli's views expressed in the excerpt?

(A) Conservative Democrats

(B) an elected Senator

(C) Absolute monarchs

(D) the Pope

17. Which of the following most directly undermines Machiavelli's claims?

(A) the appeal of free and democratic elections in various countries

(B) the public support for Nazism gained by Adolf Hitler

(C) the rule of Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union

(D) a majority of Enlightenment philosophes were deists

18. In the 20th century, the views expressed by Machiavelli most directly contributed to

(A) increased political tension during the Cold War

(B) the use of violence to achieve colonial independence

(C) the rise of fascism and dictatorshipthroughout Europe

(D) the rising tide of nationalism that swept across the Middle East after WWI

Questions 19-20 refer to the excerpt below.

"The Persians do not eat the flesh of cows and calves, but mutton to a vast extent and horseflesh, which is the most esteemed and by the nobles... Their garb is a long garment, different from that of the Turks: they tie shawls round their waists, and almost all of them go clothed in cotton stuffs of various colours in imitation of the king. Their chief food is rice with meat, and they do not use such variety, nor dainties as in these countries [of Europe]: and they are frugal and satisfied with little food... Almost all of them drink wine: they sit and eat on the ground... on rich carpets... On the street side they have no windows, so that their women should not be seen: and thus the streets are not attractive, nor is the city fine... There are some of them, who profess to be philosophers and mathematicians, almost all of them to be poets: and they continually have books in their hands. They have many large mosques, where they go to say their prayers, and they allow any nation whatsoever to enter them..."

Father Simon, Report on Persia, c. 1604 C.E.

19. The excerpt would be most useful to historians as a source of information about which of the following?

(A) the harsh realities of living under such a repressive regime

(B) the role that food plays in the everyday lives of Safavid Muslims

(C) the conflicts between Europeans and Persians in the early modern era

(D) the cultural customs of the Persians under the Safavid Dynasty

20. Which of the following was a major contrast between the customs of the Persians and those of the Turks?

(A) the Ottomans had cross-cultural interactions with Europeans

(B) the Ottomans were considered one of the main Islamic gunpowder empires

(C) the Persians practiced Shi'a Islam, which venerated the lineage of Ali

(D) the Persians promoted law and education

Questions 21-22 refer to the excerpt below

Source: WHC. unesco. org

21. The image would be most useful to historians as a source of information about which of the following?

(A) the harsh realities of living under such a religiously diverse society

(B) the role that religion plays in the everyday lives of Mughal kings

(C) the interaction between Mughalarchitecture, culture and politics

(D) the cultural customs of the Hindus under the Mughal Dynasty

22. Which of the following was a major contrast between the customs of the Safavids and the Mughals?

(A) the Mughals had cross-cultural interactions with Europeans

(B) the Ottomans were considered one of the main Islamic gunpowder empires

(C) the Persians practiced Shi'a Islam, which venerated the lineage of Ali

(D) the Persians promoted law and education

2017 AP World History Multiple Choice Questions

ERA 5: MODERN

( 1750 C.E- 1914 C.E.)

Questions 1-4 refer to the graph below.

GROWTH OF THE WORLD POPULATION, 500 B.C.- 2025 C.E

WordPress.com

1. Which of the following was a significant cause of the trend from 1800 to 1900 shown in the graph?

(A) Active encouragement of urbanization by the Muslimmerchants

(B) Economic and political difficulties in Africa & Asia

(C) Incentives offered by European companies looking to hire foreignmigrants from colonial territories

(D) The urbanization of Europe during the Industrial Revolution

2. The people represented by the graph from 1999-2025 most typically will live in which of the following regions of the world

(A) Asia

(B) Africa

(C) The Americas

(D) Europe

3. Which of the following was a direct effect of the trend in population growth between 1800-1900 shown on the graph?

(A) An increase in tensions between social classes

(B) A major economic depression

(C) An upsurge in religious sentiment

(D) The development of political elections

4. The main trend shown in the graph was most directly associated with which of the following processes occurring in Europe at the time?

(A) The divergence of European and colonial economies

(B) The beginning of an industrialized economy

(C) The migration of Asians into Europe

(D) The revival of Catholicism

Questions 5-7 refer to the excerpt below.

Preamble"Mothers, daughters, sisters [and] representatives of the nation demand to be constituted into a

national assembly. Believing that ignorance, omission, or scorn for the rights of woman are the only causes of public misfortunes and of the corruption of governments, [the women] have resolved to set forth a solemn declaration the natural, inalienable, and sacred rights of woman in order that this declaration, constantly exposed before all members of the society, will ceaselessly remind them of their rights and duties..."

Article I "Woman is born free and lives equal to man in her rights. Social distinctions can be based only on

the common utility."

Olympe de Gouges, Declaration of the Rights of Woman and Citizen. 1791

5. The sentiments conveyed in the excerpt most directly opposed the prevailing ideal in the early eighteenth century that

(A) the ability of women to earn wages was a positive development

(B) women should focus on the home and the domestic sphere

(C) women shouldn't enjoy full and equal rights with men

(D) women should educate their children about the rights and responsibilities of citizenship

6. Which of the following developments in the first half of the twentieth century best represented the continuation of the ideas expressed in the declaration?

(A) The 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, granting women the right to vote

(B) Women’s support for WWI

(C) Support for outlawing the production and sale of alcohol

(D) A movement focused on religious revivals and personal conversion

7. Many female supporters of the French Revolution in 1789 broke ranks with which group by 1800's?

(A) The Conservatives

(B) Radical supporters of the French Revolution

(C) Supporters of Napoleon

(D) The Catholic Church

Questions 8-10 refer to the excerpt below.

"That the various forms of epidemic, endemic, and other disease...chiefly amongst the labouring classes...produced by decomposing animal and vegetable substances, by damp and filth, and close and overcrowded dwellings prevail amongst the population in every part of the kingdom, whether dwelling in separate houses, in rural villages, in small towns, in the larger towns...Contaminated London drinking water containing various micro-organisms, refuse (trash), and the like. The high prosperity in respect to employment and wages, and various and abundant food, have afforded to the labouring classes no exemptions from attacks of epidemic disease...That the formation of all habits of cleanliness is obstructed by defective supplies of water.That the annual loss of life from filth and bad ventilation are greater than the loss from death or wounds in any wars in which the country has been engaged in modern times.

Sir Edwin Chadwick, Inquiry Into Sanitary Conditions of the Working Class of England, 1842

8. Which of the following aspects of Chadwick's description expresses a major change in Europeans' views of sanitation?

(A) London water has been contaminated

(B) religion has a role to play in ensuring sanitation codes

(C) every worker should be responsible for his/ her own hygiene

(D) the government should ensure basic sanitation standards for workers

9. Chadwick's ideas are most directly a reaction to the

(A) the increase in social tensions and abuse of industrial workers

(B) growing middle class of urban workers

(C) the increase in demand for raw materials for the new factories

(D) the mechanics of the factory system

10. Chadwick's position regarding the sanitary conditions of the workers was

most strongly supported by which of the following?

(A) Anti-imperialists

(B) Factory owners

(C) Members of Parliament

(D) Communists

Questions 11-13 refer to the excerpt below.

"... No one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions... ; for without this the law could not have that which is absolutely necessary to its being a law, the consent of the society, over whom nobody can have a power to make laws but by their own consent and by authority received from them….: They must not raise taxes on the property of the people without the consent of the people.... When any one...make laws without authority, which the people are not therefore bound to obey;...and may constitute to themselves a new legislative..."

John Locke, Two Treatises on Government, 1689

11. Which of the following groups would have been most likely to support Locke's views expressed in the excerpt?

(A) Conservative landowners

(B) liberal revolutionaries

(C) Absolute monarchs

(D) members of the clergy

12. Which of the following most directly undermines Locke's claims?

(A) king's rarely give up their power

(B) the development of the Trans-Atlantic slave network

(C) many colonists engaged in forms of resistance to taxation

(D) a majority of Enlightenment philosophes were deists

13. In the 18h century, the views expressed by Locke most directly contributed to

(A) increased social tension between landlords and peasants

(B) the development of Feudalism in Russia

(C) the rise of social divisions within European society

(D) the drafting of the American Declaration of Independence

Questions 14-15 refer to the political cartoon below.

Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

14. The political cartoon was intended to

(A) advocate for the Chinese to stand up to the imperialists

(B) critique how imperialism operated in China

(C) show how the Europeans were divided along political lines

(D) promote women's equality during the era of high imperialism

15. The poster most directly reflects the

(A) emergence of Japan as an imperial power

(B) the strength of the German and French militaries

(C) the violence caused by cross-cultural trade

(D) inability of China to resist the imperialists

Questions 16-18 refer to the excerpt below

"To account for and excuse the tyranny of man, many ingenious arguments have been brought forward to prove that the two sexes, in the acquirement of virtue, ought to aim at attaining a very different character: or to speak explicitly, women are not allowed to have sufficient strength of mind to acquire what really deserves the name of virtue... Women are told from their infancy, and taught by the example of their mothers, that a little knowledge of human weakness, justly termed cunning, softness of temper, outward obedience, and a scrupulous attention to a puerile kind of propriety, will obtain for them the protection of man; and should they be beautiful, every thing else is needless, for at least twenty years of their lives..."

Mary Wollstonecraft, Vindication of the Rights of Woman, 1792

16. The sentiments conveyed in the excerpt most directly opposed the prevailing ideal in the early eighteenth century that

(A) since ancient times women have been oppressed

(B) women should be more like their mothers

(C) patriarchy was viewed as legitimate

(D) women should educate their children about the rights and responsibilities of citizenship 17. Which of the following

developments in the twentieth century best represented the

continuation of the ideas expressed in the excerpt?

(A) The 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, granting women the right to vote

(B) Women’s support for WWI

(C) Support for outlawing the production and sale of alcohol

(D) A movement focused on religious revivals and personal conversion

18. Many female supporters of the Enlightenment opposed many philosophes over what issue?

(A) the abolition of slavery

(B) the treatment of Native Americans

(C) the failure by many liberals to grant women full equality and citizenship

(D) the decline of women's traditional roles in society

Questions 19-20 refer to the excerpts below.

"... The torture of a criminal during the course of his trial is a cruelty consecrated by custom in most nations...No

man can be judged a criminal until he be found guilty; nor can society take from him the public protection until it

have been proved that he has violated the conditions on which it was granted. What right, then, but that of power,

can authorize the punishment of a citizen so long as there remains any doubt of his guilt?...Either he is guilty, or not

guilty. If guilty, he should only suffer the punishment ordained by the laws, and torture becomes useless, as his

confession is unnecessary. If he be not guilty, you torture the innocent; for, in the eye of the law, every man is

innocent whose crime has not been proved..."

Cesare Beccarria, On Crimes and Punishment, 1764

“Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.8th Amendment, U.S. Constitution, 1791

19. The excerpts were written in response to the

(A) the American Revolution

(B) the debates between conservatives and radicals over lengthy prison sentences

(C) the changing attitudes among European monarchies to reform prisons

(D) political and social acceptance of torture as a means of discipline andpunishment for suspected criminals

20. The ideas about torture and punishment expressed by both passages are most consistent with which of the following?

(A) The concept of Constitutionalism

(B) The belief in Absolutism

(C) The principle of popular sovereignty

(D) The ideas of the Enlightenment

2017 AP World History Multiple Choice Questions

ERA 6: GLOBALIZATION

( 1914 C.E-Present)

Questions 1-4 refer to the excerpts below.

“His Majesty's government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country."

British Foreign Secretary John Balfour, Balfour Declaration, 1917

1. Which of the following was the most immediate result of the declaration?

(A) Arab nationalist became increasingly united over in their political strategies

(B) the rise in concern about the persecution of Jews in Europe

(C) the rise of Zionism promoting Israel as a homeland for the Jews

(D) The British refused to support the idea and focused on Arab nationalism

2. The decision excerpted most directly reflected a growing belief after the

First World War that the world's political borders should be divided according to

(A) racial boundaries

(B) social class

(C) national boundaries

(D) fully autonomous and democratic lines

3. Which of the following sets of United Nations decisions demonstrated the strongest continuity with the idea expressed in the excerpt?

(A) U.N. Israel/Palestine Partition Plan of 1947

(B) Camp David Agreement

(C) Oslo Accords

(D) UN Security Council Resolution 242, requiring Israel to withdraw from any recently occupied territories

4. The Balfour Declaration stood in contrast mostly to which of the following other decisions?

(A) Sykes-Picot Agreement, granting Britain control of Mandate Palestine

(B) The creation of the state of Israel

(C) The withdraw of Israeli forces from the Sinai Peninsula

(D) The UN Partition Plan of 1947

Questions 5-7 refer to the excerpts below.

"After China has established a powerful government, we must not be afraid, as Western people are, that the government will become too strong and that we will be unable to control it. For it is our plan that the political power of the reconstructed state be divided into two parts. One is the power over the government; that great power will be placed entirely in the hands of the people, who will have a full degree of sovereignty and will be able to control directly the affairs of the state."

Sun Yet Sen, The Principle of Democracy, 1924

"Yet if the Western world is still determined to rule mankind by force, then Africans, as a last resort, may have to appeal to (use) force in the effort to achieve freedom . . . We are determined to be free. We want education. We want the right to earn a decent living, the right to express our thoughts and emotions, to adopt and create forms of beauty. We demand for Black Africa autonomy (self-rule) and independence"

Jomo Kenyatta, Challenge to Colonial Powers, 1945

5. The statements of both Sun Yet Sen and Jomo Kenyatta share the same goal of?

(A) using violence as a means of achieving freedom

(B) breaking free from the chains of colonization to establish an independent nation

(C) spreading the ideals of democracy across the entire region

(D) avoiding a military conflict with the imperialists

6. Sun Yet Sen issued the speech primarily in order to

(A) show the state along with the people will influence political affairs

(B) gain support from the Communists

(C) protect nationalists interests in Manchuoko

(D) support the landowning classes of Chinese society

7. Kenyatta's speech best reflects which of the following developments in the decolonization of Africa?

(A) the expansion of political violence and civil wars across Africa

(B) the expansion of Pan-Africanism

(C) the Scramble for Africa

(D) the demand of colonial nations for independence and decolonization

Questions 8-9 refer to the late 20th century photograph by Stuart Franklin.

© Stuart Franklin/Magnium Photos (TheGuardian.com)

8. Conditions like those shown in the image contributed most directly to which of the following?

(A) an increase in Socialist sentiments

(B) the passage of democratic reforms under Communism and Dictatorship

(C) a decline in the use of violence against citizens

(D) an increase in media attention for civil disobedience

9. The conditions shown in the image depict which of the following trends in the late 20th century?

(A) the isolation of the urban working class

(B) China's growing military

(C) the corruption of Communist governments

Questions 10-11 refer to the excerpt below.

"Good evening. Today, our fellow citizens, our way of life, our very freedom came under attack in a series of deliberate and deadly terrorist acts. The victims were in airplanes, or in their offices; secretaries, businessmen and women, military and federal workers; moms and dads, friends and neighbors. Thousands of lives were suddenly ended by evil, despicable acts of terror... America was targeted for attack because we’re the brightest beacon for freedom and opportunity in the world. And no one will keep that light from shining... The search is underway for those who are behind these evil acts. I’ve directed the full resources of our intelligence and law enforcement communities to find those responsible and to bring them to justice. We will make no distinction between the terrorists who committed these acts and those who harbor them... America and our friends and allies join with all those who want peace and security in the world, and we stand together to win the war against terrorism."

Former U.S. President George W. Bush, Address to the Nation, 9/11/2001

10. Which of the following actions by the Bush Administration best reflects the ideas about winning the war againstterrorism expressed in the excerpt ?

(A) the establishment of an American command center in Africa

(B) the decision to give U.S. foreign aid to nations that support American interests

(C) the U.S. invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq

11. The ideas expressed by Bush in the excerpt were most similar to those of which twentieth century world leader?

(A) Ho Chi Minh

(B) Franklin Delano Roosevelt

(C) Woodrow Wilson

(D) Joseph Stalin

(D) the attempted overthrow of the Venezuelan President, Hugo Chavez

Questions 12-13 refer to the graph below.

GROWTH OF THE URBAN POPULATION IN CHINA, 2001 C.E..- 2009 C.E

12. Which of the following was a significant cause of the trend from 2001to 2009 shown in the graph?

(A) Active encouragement of export and manufacturing for the world economy

(B) the rising rates of poverty in the urban areas

(C) Incentives offered by European companies looking to hire foreignmigrants from colonial territories

(D) The large scale migration of Chinese into America and Europe

13. The people represented by the graph from 2001-20095 most typically worked in what type of employment?

(A) high finance and real estate

(B) government controlled industries

(C) manufacture and export

(D) support services for the tourism

Questions 14 - 15 refer to the excerpts below.

“1.) ...France and Great Britain are prepared to recognize and protect an independent Arab State or a Confederation of Arab States in the areas (A) and (B) marked on the annexed map, under the suzerainty of an Arab chief. That in area (A) France, and in area (B) Great Britain, shall have priority of right of enterprise and local loans. That in area (A) France, and in area (B) Great Britain, shall alone supply advisers or foreign functionaries at the request of the Arab State or Confederation of Arab States...

Paul Cambon's letter to Edward Grey, Sykes-Picot Agreement, 1916

14. Which of the following was the most immediate result of the declaration?

(A) Arab nationalist became increasingly united over in their political strategies

(B) the rise in concern about the persecution of Jews in Europe

(C) the Arab territories of Transjordan, Palestine, Syria, and Lebanon were divided among Europeans

(D) The British refused to support the idea and granted full independence to all Arab nations

15. The decision excerpted most directly reflected a growing belief after the First World War that the Arab world's political borders should be divided according to

(A) racial boundaries

(B) religious preference

(C) national boundaries

(D) a mandate system under European influence

Questions 16-17 refer to the late 20th century photograph by Stuart Franklin.

16. Conditions like those shown in the image contributed most directly to which of the following?

(A) an increase in the spread of U.S. military bases in places like Okinawa

(B) an increase in the rise of Communist party operations

(C) a decline in the use of American troops to spread democracy

(D) The decline of Communist operations in East Asia

17. The conditions shown in the image depict which of the following trends in the mid 20th century?

(A) the growing division between rich and poor in society

(B) the rise of a counter-culture movement

(C) the use of military force as a means of promoting democracy

(D) the rise of the United Nations

Questions 18-19 refer to the political cartoon below.

Courtesy of Columbia University

18. The poster was intended to

(A) persuade man to read more diverse types of literature

(B) promote the ideals of the Chinese communist revolution

(C) advocate for the promotion of men and women in government positions (D) convince peasants to join the Cultural Revolution

19. The poster most directly reflects the

(A) emergence of China as an industrial power

(B) mobilization of all social classes in support of the Cultural Revolution and it's omnipotent leader

(C) the victory over the defeat of Japan after WWII (D) the diversity of opinions during the Cultural Revolution

Questions 20-21 refer to the excerpt below.

" It is true that South Africa was often brought to the brink of destruction because of differences... Since we have achieved our freedom, there can only be one division amongst us: between those who cherish democracy and those who do not! As freedom loving people, we want to see our country prosper and provide basic services to all. For our freedom can never be complete or our democracy stable unless the basic needs of our people are met...As we rebuild our country, we should remain vigilant against the enemies of development and democracy, even if they come from within our own ranks. Violence will not bring us closer to our objectives. All of us should ask ourselves the question: Have I done everything in my power to bring about lasting peace and prosperity in my city and my country? ...

Nelson Mandela, On Reconciliation, 04/16/1999

20. The excerpt best reflects an effort by Mandela to encourage?

(A) the landowning whites to give up some of their land

(B) promote unity and integration in a post-Apartheid South Africa

(C) the enactment of socialist programs for all social services so as to make them dependent upon the government

21. The ideas expressed by Mandela in the excerpt were most similar to those of which twentieth century world leader?

(A) Mikhail Gorbachev

(B) Ho Chi Minh

(C) John F. Kennedy

(D) Mahandas Gandhi

(D) the construction of a democratic political system based on the two party system