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Magdiel Bojorquez

Professor Cindy Chavez

English 1A

26 April 2015

Annotated Bibliography: Is Alcohol as Bad as Everyone Thinks It Is?

Boniface, Sadie, James Kneale, and Nicola Shelton. "Drinking Pattern Is More Strongly Associ-

ated With Under-Reporting Of Alcohol Consumption Than Sociodemographic Factors:

Evidence From A Mixedmethods Study." BMC Public Health 14.1 (2014): 1052-1069.

Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Apr. 2015.

This article talks about how the numbers are wrong when talking about consumption in adults. They are claiming that it is under-reported meaning that not all of the data is being collected. They claim that only about 40-60% is being looked at and the rest is being for-gotten. When looking at all the data together it is said that both the consumption of male and female are actually higher than what they are appearing. This is critical because it makes it seem like the consumption of alcohol is lower than what it really is and this could affect many things like the amount of people who really would need help.

Under-reporting is big in this article because it gets straight to what the point. This goes against alcohol and it was created to make it look even more bad. This tops it off for all my articles because it reassures that alcohol is bad for someone. Apart from backing up the articles that make alcohol looks bad it states that those article are also under reporting them. This means that they are 40-60% under what the numbers really should be. That means that whatever the article states, it is only about half of what alcohol really does. This just goes on to conclude my question and show that alcohol really is bad for you.

This article can be strongly related to the article where it talks about the BAC level in people. In both of these articles it talks about how due to some critical points it can change many things. In this case it could mean that the results can be wrong and cause problems in the way we translate them. The only big thing that separates the two in these articles is how in the BAC one it is more specific in that BAC is a factor. In this article it is more broad and talks about the reporting being off in general. However, in one article it is against al-cohol and in one it in a way supports it.

Jacobs, Liezille1, liezillejacobs.phd@gmail.com, and Julian2, jjacobs@hsrc.ac.za Jacobs. "'Bad'

Mothers Have Alcohol Use Disorder: Moral Panic Or Brief Intervention?." Gender &

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Behaviour 12.3 (2014): 5971-5979. OmniFile Full Text Select (H.W. Wilson). Web. 6

Apr. 2015.

This article talks about how the society views bad mothers and how they automatically think that they are alcoholics. However that truly isn't the only reason. While alcohol can be one of the reasons, there are many other factors as well. On top of that it is hard to de-termine really what a “bad” mother is. There is also the way that society believes that is a mother drinks heavily that they are automatically bad also. This experiment was a bit more complicated because many cultures and places have different views on things and so at the end there is no real definitive answer.

“Bad” is important as much as disorder is in this article. This is different than most arti-cles because this talks about how society views drinking alcohol especially in mothers. This is crucial because it this brings in a different audience. In other articles it talks about research being done on groups and how they are affected directly by alcohol. This one is unique because indirectly the women who drink it are affected negatively because the public view them as bad mothers. Apart from being bad mothers they are also considered of having mental problems because of it and this might not even be true.

This article is just like the other two articles where they are testing a certain group whether it be older groups or ethnic group like the South Koreans. With the elder groups they can encounter more problems when drinking alcohol even though they do not have any. With this article women can have problems as well. However, this article is different from those in the sense that they look at different issues. In the elders article they are get-ting affected physically in their health. For these women it has to do with the affects that come from society and mentally.

Kim, KyungHee, and Ji-Su Kim. "The Association Between Alcohol Consumption Patterns And

Health-Related Quality Of Life In A Nationally Representative Sample Of South Korean

Adults." Plos ONE 10.3 (2015): 1-14. Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Apr. 2015.

This article was designated for South Korean adults. They wanted to see how they com-pared to, by the amount of alcohol they consumed. They tested about 3,400 each of male and female adults younger than 40. They used a special formula to determine where they ranked. Surprisingly, it turned out that the average of all 6,800 tests that they ranked around moderate drinking. This means there were very little no drinker or heavy drinkers. This means that almost everyone decides to drink a moderate amount of alcohol rather than drink any at all or drink in excess amount. This however does not include older adults which could have a different result.

Quality of life was very important in this article. This article proved my question like many of the other but this one did it a different way. Instead of showing the bad affects of drinking alcohol this article gave it a different view on the situation. This article wanted

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to show the people that when adults choose to drink much less than others, that their quality of life was much better than those who drank large amounts of it. This was good because it proves that alcohol could be many reasons why people do not have happy lives like these people who do not drink as much.

This article looked at the behaviors of South Koreans just like how they looked at mother and elder people. In each of the articles it would look at how alcohol was causing prob-lems. Even though all these articles would look at the gender groups each had their own distinct views in these groups. In this article they were viewing how often the South Ko-rean group drank alcohol. Instead of showing problems like they did in elder group. Be-ing that each article was a bit different it meant better information in a variety of groups whether it be ethnic or age group.

Kwigizile, V.1, Valerian.Kwigizile@wmich.edu, T.2, t.sando@unf.edu Sando, and D.3, dchim-

ba@tnstate.edu Chimba. "Understanding The Role Of Alcohol And Drugs On Bicyclist

Injury Severity." Advances In Transportation Studies 34 (2014): 43-54. OmniFile Full

Text Select (H.W. Wilson). Web. 5 Apr. 2015.

This article shows how drinking alcohol and driving a bicycle whether it is motorized or not showed that the dangers were greater. When the study was done it was done with both alcohol and drugs together. It was reported that 38.93 percent of the crashes with al-cohol and drugs were fatal accidents compared to only 12.36 percent with no substance. Then they did alcohol and drugs separately to see if one had a higher danger rate than the other but both came back to about the same meaning either of the two are equally as dan-gerous than the other. So even if it is just on a motorcycle, drinking alcohol can raise the risk of being involved in a fatal accident.

Knowing how alcohol affects accidents especially in bicyclist can directly answer my question. In this research they see that people who were in the influence of alcohol ended up having a more severe accident. Compared to those that were sober, the risk is much greater. In my research question I try to find out if drinking alcohol is as bad as people think. This question is broadly stated and that is why this article can be used to answer it. It might not cause harm to your health directly this way but it will by causing one to have a more severe accident.

This article relates to the one where they talk about how alcohol affects the academics of students. These two articles relate because what they are doing is comparing how alcohol affects people just in different situations. In this article it talks about alcohol and how if affects bicyclists in crashes. In the academic article it talks about how alcohol affects stu-dents and their grades. Both of the articles do experiments and analyze the data to get the results. In both cases the results were bad, in this article the injuries were much worse with the alcohol. In the case of the students it also was bad because the grades were so low that they had to get held back.

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LIGUORI, GARY1, and BARB2 LONBAKEN. "Alcohol Consumption And Academic Reten-

tion In First-Year College Students." College Student Journal 49.1 (2015): 69-77. Om-

niFile Full Text Select (H.W. Wilson). Web. 5 Apr. 2015.

This article was about a study done in universities to see how alcohol affected first and second year students academically. The way they did it was by asking students questions about them. Some questions were alcohol related in order to get an understanding of what group they fell in. After researching 820 students, it showed that men drank more than the women did. However in either case male and female students also showed more prob-lems in school. Many started falling low in classes and began having problems with their academic performances. The more the person drank alcohol the bigger their problems usually were.

Grades in school are important, especially in college. In this research, first year students were studied to see how they were doing academically. They looked at both students who drank alcohol and those who did not. The results were just as expected and those who drank alcohol were doing really bad. Some were even getting held back. Those who would not drink had a much lower percentage of people that were getting held back. This just showed another way that alcohol negatively affected a persons life. With this article it was easy to answer my question and provide good information to back it up.

This article relates to the bicyclist injuries, not because they have the same situations. The same situations in the sense that they analyze how alcohol affected each group of people. They both have negative affects in both situations. This information is important because it shows how alcohol could be dangerous. This helps because it does not only have one batch of proof that there is a problem but there is a second set of evidence. Having both of these situations just proves more that alcohol causes problems. Since in both cases, the bicyclist getting in bigger crashes, and the students getting held back one can see that al-cohol does cause problems.

Liu, Weiwei, Elizabeth Mumford, and Hanno Petras. "Maternal Patterns Of Postpartum Alcohol

Consumption By Age: A Longitudinal Analysis Of Adult Urban Mothers." Prevention

Science 16.3 (2015): 353-363. Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Apr. 2015.

This article wanted to see if there was any connection with the age at which a woman had her baby and how often they drank. They wanted to see if women had their children early if that caused them to want to drink more or sooner. They as well see what are the causes of drinking and a big one seems to be depression. It is seen in the tests however that women who have their children after 26 tend to have a higher rate of binge drinking that younger women. However, if the women smoke, typically from 20-25 then they also have a higher rate of binge drinking.

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Maternal patterns are important in this article because it looks at reasons as to why women drink and if that causes anything with being a mother. This article just goes on to prove that like in many cases alcohol is a problem in these women’s lives. The main cause for these women to drink was depressing and their drinking would start at about 26. If they included smoking with the drinking then the age lowered even more to about 20-25. Meaning that more alcohol meant a younger mother. Being that they were young and they were drinking alcohol, it could mean big problems for them.

This article can be compared to the one where they talk about mothers. In both articles they see how alcohol affects their lives. In the other article it talks about how alcohol causes people to view them as bad mothers even though they might not be. In the article it looks if there are any patterns with the age mothers started drinking and the age they had their babies. Even though in both cases women had negative affects they were differ-ent. In the other article it was about the public and this one talks about if there is a corre-lation between drinking age and becoming a mother.

Tremblay, Mathieu, et al. "Driving Performance On The Descending Limb Of Blood Alcohol

Concentration (BAC) In Undergraduate Students: A Pilot Study." Plos ONE 10.2 (2015):

1-15. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 Apr. 2015.

This article was more about numbers in the experiment. The experiment they were doing was how drivers compared with a high BAC, moderate BAC, low BAC, and finally sober. They wanted to see if the lower of the BAC helped get closer to the driving done when in the sober state. After the experiment, in the high and moderate BAC the driving was at a high risk as expected. However, as the BAC started getting lower the driving was almost identical to the sober state. This shows that having a small quantity of alcohol in the system does not do much damage as some believe.

BAC is something that people really look at when doing some research. This article is special because this gives a little questioning to all the laws and/or views that people have over BAC. Since many tests use BAC to view ability of people, it is crucial to know that BAC is not the same throughout the time that alcohol finishes dissolving. When a per-son’s BAC is low it is no where compared to when it is high. Yet when they are creating research or creating laws they only view it as one thing throughout. This is important be-cause it shows that there is flaw within the system.

This article relates to the article where it talks about in studies of alcohol they are under reported. What this means is that when they give out information about the studies that they do not take in account certain things and this causes that some of the information is not true. The reason it connects with this article is because they don't take in account cer-tain information. It is because of this that certain things can go wrong. In this study it talks about how they do not take into account certain situations with BAC levels and in the other they do not take some information to make the numbers lower.

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Trevisan, Louis A.1. "Elderly Alcohol Use Disorders: Epidemiology, Screening, And Assess-

ment Issues." Psychiatric Times 31.5 (2014): 1-4. OmniFile Full Text Select (H.W. Wil-

son). Web. 6 Apr. 2015.

This article looks at things most people don’t and that is how alcohol affects the elderly. This is mostly because some people do not believe many elder people drink alcohol. The reason they do not drink is because alcohol has really bad effects since their systems aren't as good as a young adults. It is said that once a person reaches around the age of 60 consuming large amounts of alcohol can actually affect every organ in the body and not just the liver. This makes in extremely dangerous if they do not control themselves. Over-all it is said that elder people who struggle with alcohol should be screened and looked after.

Disorders is important in this article because it already shows how it answers my ques-tion. Having disorders means that there are consequences for drinking alcohol especially in elders. Being that they are elderly it can be that they are talking about other disorders that they can get that are not related to alcohol. What this article does to that is show that even though they are not caused by alcohol they surely get worse with it. This can prove to be dangerous especially elderly people since they do not fight off sickness as well as younger people. That is why alcohol is dangerous to them.

This article compare to the one where they talk about the mothers and the one where they examine the South Korean group. In this article they talk about the group of the elders. The articles are in common because they compare a certain group. In this group they look at how older people are affected when they drink alcohol which are dangerous. In the South Korean group they say something different as they were less prone to drinking. In the women who drank alcohol and had kids, they were viewed as horrible mothers. All these articles however, can be a lot different as well.

YOON JUNG, CHOI, and LEE JANG-HAN. "Alcohol-Related Attitudes Of Heavy Drinkers:

Effects Of Arousal And Valence In Evaluative Conditioning." Social Behavior & Per-

sonality: An International Journal 43.2 (2015): 205-215. Academic Search Premier.

Web. 5 Apr. 2015.

In this article it talks about how drinking alcohol makes people think. What they did was they wanted to see how the arousal of alcohol change the way they fell about it. The way this test was done was by getting two groups. One group was people who had a high arousal to the alcohol. The second group of people were the ones who didn't really have an arousal to the alcohol. At the end of the test they were able to prove that people who had high arousals craved it more than the people who are not as aroused by it.

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This article connects well with my research question because it helps understand why people actually drink. It targets specifically the heavy drinkers and how their arousal to-wards alcohol causes them to want to drink it more than others. This is vital to my re-search question because it starts off as the beginning. In order to see if alcohol really is bad then we need to know why people drink. It was much more important to find that in this study if you are more aroused to alcohol then you were more prone to drinking. This is vital because it can also lead to consequences like alcohol related diseases and this will help answer my question.

This article I found that can be related to the article that talks about the college students and how they drink to get to the “tipsy” stage. These two can be related because both groups of people feel like they need the alcohol to have a good time. In this article it talks about how being aroused to alcohol has better chance at drinking alcohol just like the teenagers want to drink because they want to get tipsy. In both cases they have a “trigger” just like one is the arousal as the other is to get tipsy. Maybe without these triggers they would not want to drink as much as they do right now.

Zajdow, Grazyna, and Sarah MacLean. "“I Just Drink For That Tipsy Stage”: Young Adults And

Embodied Management Of Alcohol Use." Contemporary Drug Problems 41.4 (2014):

522-535. Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Apr. 2015.

This article talks about the opinion some young adults have over why they drink. Some people say they like to drink because they want to feel “tipsy”. What tipsy means is get-ting to a stage where a person feels the effects of alcohol but still have full control of what is going on. However, this state is really difficult to achieve because a person does not know when they are at that point. It is really hard because before a person knows it they go to far and start losing control of what they are doing. Then they see how those people actual drink to see if they can really achieve the state of tipsy.

Tipsy is really important in this article. It is that word that causes and has caused many problems in people. But usually the people who use the word are those that are in college or young adults. This is bad for people because some people believe that in order to have a good time one needs to feel tipsy. When trying to reach the tipsy stage one overthinks it and end up going over that stage. This is when one does not know when to stop and this could be dangerous as it has led some people to become intoxicated. Once intoxicated anything could happen, even more being that they are so young.

This article was the one that connected with the article that looks at how arousal affects their interest in alcohol. Being aroused causes more drinking because they want it more. In this article the “tipsy” is a big factor like the arousal in the other. Although they do have that in common there is some differences between them as well. In the arousal arti-cle it talks about heavy drinkers and it was in general. This article was about students or young adults and were mainly about getting tipsy. Even though just reaching the “tipsy” is rarely reached as one either comes up short or goes way too far from it.