8th Grade US HistorySecond Semester Item Bank Spring, 2010

1 Which of the following was a result of the Louisiana Purchase? H1 D

A A war was fought with France

B Florida was controlled by the United States army

C The nation grew to its current size

D Land was acquired west of the Mississippi River

14-year-old Augustus Pelletier followed Lewis and Clark on their journey, finally becoming part of their expedition. His diary follows Lewis and Clark and shows us just what their journey was like. Think about your own knowledge of Lewis and Clark, then read Augustus’ entry and answer the two questions that follow.

To me, the most exciting part of the day was not the cannon, which they blasted twice, or poor Joe Field getting bit by the rattler, but the naming of the creek where we stopped at midday. The Captains named it Independence Creek. I never before thought much about naming things like this. I know my mama and I named the island back near St. Charles, but it was just like our own private name. Here, the Captains name things not just for private. They mark it down on the map Captain Clark is making for the expedition. Everybody in the whole country will know that the name of this creek is Independence and that the Corps of Discovery has named it. There is something mighty exciting about being part of a group that names things. We are truthfully naming America! That is a powerful notion.

2 Why was Augustus excited about naming things? H2 B

A He believed families should use private names for all rivers.

B He realized the importance of identifying locations on maps.

C He wanted the leader to know how much geography he knew

D He decided that traveling with the expedition was a waste of time

3 How did Thomas Jefferson justify the purchase of the Louisiana Territory? C3 C

A Congress had the authority to declare war.

B Supreme Court decided which nation owned land.

C President had the power to make treaties.

D Native Americans wanted better relations with US.

4 The Lewis and Clark expeditions traveled from Missouri to which Ocean? H2 B

A Atlantic

B Pacific

C Indian

D Arctic

Study the map and then answer questions 5, 6, and 7 that follow.

5 Which river formed the western boundary of the United States in 1800? G1

A Columbia

B Rio Grande

C Missouri

D Mississippi

6 Which country received land that was part of the Louisiana Purchase, ceded by United States in 1819? G1 A

A Spain

B France

C Russia

D Mexico

7 Which United States territory was closest to the Great Lakes? G1D

A Louisiana

B Mississippi

C Oregon

D Indiana

8 Why was the Mississippi River important to the United States in the early 1800s? G1 C

(cannot be used with 4) A         It divided Northern and Southern states B         It divided Indian territories from the rest of the nation C         It served as a highway for shipping goods      D         It was a border between Canada and the United States

9 Why did France sell Louisiana to the United States? C3 D

A to prevent the British from occupying any of the territory

B to establish friendly relations with the United States

C to help the United States reduce Revolutionary War debts

D to finance Napoleon’s wars with the nations of Europe

10 When Jefferson sent Navy warships to the Mediterranean Sea in the early 1800s, which of these groups was most affected? C3C

A French merchants

B Chinese sailors

C Barbary pirates

D English admirals

11 How did the United States get Florida from Spain? C3 D

A Annexation

B War

C Purchase

D Treaty

12 Which statement describes the situation of women in the United States in the early 1800s? H3 C

A A woman was not allowed to serve in the army.

B A woman had legal rights to keep any wages earned.

C A woman was not allowed to vote or hold office.

D A woman had the same legal rights as her husband.

Study the pictures below and answer questions 13 and 14 that follow.

13 In the early 1800s, the women shown in these pictures worked in which section of the United States? H3 C

A South

B West

C North

D East

14 Why were so many young women recruited to work in factories?H3 A

A Women would work for lower wages.

B Working conditions were very harsh.

C Farm girls were highly educated.

D Most women knew the technology already.

Study the quotes below, and then use the information and your knowledge to answer the questions 15 and 16.

English Factory Conditions“The din and clatter of these fiver hundred looms under full operation, struck us…as something frightful and infernal…The atmosphere of such a room…is charged with cotton filaments and dust, which, we were told, are very injurious to the lungs. On entering the room, although the day was warm, we remarked that the windows were down…We found ourselves…in quite a perspiration.” A Description of Factory Life by an Associationist, 1846 Englishman

America Factory Conditions“The rooms in which the girls worked were as well ordered as themselves. In the windows of some, there were green plants, which were trained to shade the glass; in all, there was as much fresh air, cleanliness, and comfort, as the nature of the occupation would possibly admit of…I solemnly declare, that from all the crowd I saw…I cannot recall…one young face that gave me a painful impression.” -Charles Dickens, American Notes, 1842 15 Which of these describes working conditions in most American factories in the 19th

century? E3A

A noisy and unhealthy

B short hours and many breaks

C orderly and sanitary

D uncomplicated and enjoyable

16 Using the information from the quote, which of the following statements is correct? H2C

A English factories were dirty and miserable.

B American factories were clean and safe.

C English factories were clean and organized.

D American factories were pleasant and orderly.

17 Why were slaves an important part of the South’s economy in the early 1800s? H3 D A They received higher wages than the whites.

B The slaves had their own unique culture.

C They worked on machines in factories

D The cotton industry was growing rapidly.

18 In the 19th century, which of these changed the weak economy of the South into a strong wealthy economy? G2 B

A Potatoes

B Cotton

C Sugar

D Barley

19 When did the United States acquire Florida? H1C

A early 1700s

B late 1700s

C early 1800s

D late 1800s

Use the quote below and then answer the following question:

We have heard with painful feelings that the bounds of the lands we now possess are to be drawn into very narrow limits. The land was given to us by the Great Spirit above as our common right, to raise our children upon, and to make support for our rising generations. We, therefore, humbly petition our beloved children, the head men of warriors, to hold out to the last in support of our common rights, as Cherokee nations have been the first settlers of this land; we, therefore, claim the right of the soil.

Petition by Cherokee women, 1818

20 According to the quote, how did the Cherokee acquire their land? H2 B

A purchasing it with gold

B from the Great Spirit C from the US Government

D after fighting a war

Read the quote below carefully and then answer the questions 2 questions that follow.

… Brothers, I have listened to a great many talks from our Great Father. But they always began and ended like this—‘Get a little further; you are too near me.’” Speckled Snake, an elder of the Creek Nation, 1929

21 Who is the “Great Father” that Speckled Snake is talking about? H2B

A A fur trapper

B A US president order of answers changed in 10

C A European settler

D A mountain man

22 According to Speckled Snake, what does the “Great Father” tell the Creeks

and other Native Americans to do? H2 A

A Move from their lands so that white settlers can have them.

B Trade with other Native Americans for the things they need.

C Purchase land from the white settlers moving to America.

D Sign another treaty so they could live in peace and freedom.

23 Which of the following was one effect of the Indian Removal Act? H1D A Manifest Destiny

B Louisiana Purchase

C Treaty of Paris

D Trail of Tears

24 Which of the following is an example of a primary source of information about Native Americans? H2 C

A An American History textbook written this year

B A historical novel about the Plains tribes

C An account of the Trail of Tears from that time

D A modern map of westward routes

25 In the 1820s and 1830s, why did white settlers in the South want the lands that belonged to the Cherokee Indians? H1B

A To attack their settlements

B To grow cotton

C to adopt their customs

D To get revenge

26 Why did Mexico encourage Americans to settle in Texas in the 1820s? H1C

A To start mining for gold

B To assist American missionaries

C To help develop the land

D To spread American culture

27 Why did Mexico close Texas to American immigration in the 1830s? H1A

A Americans wanted Texas to be part of the US.

B Americans built too many Catholic churches.

C Americans protected the Native Americans.

D Americans wanted slavery to be prohibited there.

28 What were mountain men searching for when they went West ? G2 C

A Minerals

B Mountains

C Furs

D Rivers

29 What did mountain men do when the fur trade declined in the 1830s? H1A (cannot be used with 28)

A They became explorers, army scouts and traders.

B They relocated to the East coast states.

C They traveled as missionaries and preachers.

D They found jobs in Northern factories.

30 What was the main reason why people moved West in the 1800s? G2 B

A to trade with trappers

B to seek a better life

C to hunt for wild animals

D to start new missions

31 Which of the following was the most common threat to people that traveled the Oregon Trail and others? G4B

A winter snowstorms

B harmful illnesses

C weak leadership

D property loss

32 In the early 1800s, what water route was used by most western farmers to ship their goods? G4 A

A Mississippi River

B Appalachian Mountains

C Atlantic Ocean

D Northwest Territory

Study the map below and then answer the questions 33-36 that follow.

33 Which of the following would be an appropriate title for this map? G1C

A Southern Slavery

B Indian Wars

C Indian Removal

D Western Reservations

34 What map element would you use to figure out how far the different tribes traveled? G1BA. compass

B. scale

C. key

D. title

35 In general, in which direction did Native American tribes travel to reach Indian lands? G1 D

A. North

B. South

C. East

D. West

36 The Trail of Tears led the Cherokee Nation to which present day state? H3 C

A California

B Wisconsin

C Oklahoma

D Colorado

37 How did the Indian Removal Act affect migration? G4 A

A Native Americans were forced to move westward.

B Ex-slaves were given old Indian territorial lands.

C Native Americans were required to pay for their lands.

D Mexicans shared their territory with Native Americans

38 How was the Trail of Tears different than other migration routes of the 1800’s? G4A A It was a forced relocation of people.

B It followed the Oregon Trail.

C It was longer than any other trail.

D It followed the Mississippi River.

39 What was the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine? C3 A

A to close the United States to new colonization

B to gain more land from Spain and France

C to start another war for freedom with Great Britain

D to protect friendly South American nations

40 Which statement best describes the Industrial Revolution in the United States? E3 B

A It took place mainly among farmers in small rural areas.

B It encouraged the development of the factory system.

C It took years of planning in this nation in the mid-1700s.

D It was over quickly and produced few positive results.

41 How did the United States and Great Britain settle their dispute over Oregon? C3D

A They fought a war.

B They flipped a coin.

C They sold the land.

D They signed a treaty.

42 Why did the northern states support a tariff for imported goods? E3 D

A to purchase cheaper goods from Europe

B to decrease the cost of slavery on Southern plantations

C to raise money for railroads in the West

D to protect American goods from foreign competition

Study the copy of the painting below and then answer the following questions.

American Progress” by John Gast

1872

43 What does this painting tell you about Westward Expansion? H2 C

A It explains how Indians viewed white settlers.

B It illustrates events surrounding the Civil War.

C It shows the movement of settlers westward.

D It shows the migration of slaves from plantations.

44 What does the contrast of light and dark in the painting symbolize? H2 B

A It suggests that only the rich could afford to move.

B It shows progress and civilization moving west.

C It represents activities in both daylight and night.

D It stands for Native American control of the land.

Study the table carefully and then answer question 45 and 46 that follow.

Western Land Sales, 1820-1860

Year Acres Sold (in millions)

1810 1.0

1820 3.5

1830 1.0

1832 5.0

1836 20.0

1837 4.8

1850 2.0

1855 15.0

1856 5.0

1860 3.5

45 During which decade was the sale of lands in the West the highest? H1 B

A 1820s

B 1830s

C 1840s

D 1850s

46 Why did land sales in the West increase during the time period shown? H1 B

A Indian wars in East Coast states drove settlers westward.

B Land speculators sold plots to immigrants and others moving west.

C The price of land continued to rise making it hard to buy.

D Native Americans sold their land to anyone who asked to buy it.

47 In the mid 1800s, many settlers chose to travel to California and Oregon rather than settle in the Great Plains. Why? G2 C

A The midwestern railroads and canals meant towns grew too large.

B The south had destroyed all its land by planting cotton and rice.

C The northwestern lands offered better farming and more trees.

D The eastern mountains and oceans were too far away for travel.

President James K. Polk spoke the following words as part of his inaugural address when he became president. Read them carefully, and then answer the question that follows.

…eighty years ago our population was confined on the west by the ridge of the Alleghenies. Within that period…our people, increasing to many millions, have filled the eastern valley of the Mississippi…and are already [spreading to] valleys of which rivers flow into the Pacific. The world beholds the peaceful triumphs of the [hard work] of our emigrants. To us belongs the duty of protecting them adequately wherever they may be upon our soil.

48 Why did President Polk want to protect those who moved westward? H2 A

A They worked hard to settle the land.

B Native Americans continued to attack them.

C Missionaries wanted to convert them.

D Lands east of the Mississippi were crowded.

Study the map below and then answer questions 49-51 that follow.

49 What was the last section of land acquired by the United States? G1D

A. Oregon

B. Louisiana Purchase

C. Texas

D Gadsden Purchase

50 What states were originally parts of the Oregon Territory? G1 C

A. Texas, California, Oregon

B. New Mexico, Colorado, Oregon

C. Oregon, Washington, Idaho

D. Nebraska, Kansas, Iowa

51 What year was Texas annexed? H1 C

B. 1803

C. 1845

D. 1846

E. 1848

52 Which countries challenged the United States control of Oregon? C3 D

A Canada and Mexico

B France and Portugal

C Germany and Italy

D Britain and Russia

53 How did the United States obtain the Oregon Territory? C3 D

A War with Mexico

B Purchase from France

C Annex from Canada

D Compromise with Britain

Read the quote and then answer the question that follows.

…by military conquest, treaty, and purchase unknown

54 What does this quote describe? C3 B

A Jacksonian Democracy

B Ways the United States acquired land from other nations

C Monroe Doctrine

D Steps in the growth of 19th century American factory system

55 Based on the map, which of the following is true? G1 B A         All Eastern cities were connected by rail transportation B         Rail mileage increased more in the North than the South C         It was too expensive to build railroads in the Midwest D         Most goods were shipped by water before the Civil War.

Study the map and then answer questions 56-57 that follow.

0http://www.tngenweb.org/tnletters/usa-west.htm

56 What was the purpose of the trails shown on the map? G4 A

A Move people and goods to new places

B Build railroads from Mexico to Canada

C Place Native Americans on reservations

D Separate Northern and Southern states

57 According to the map, which group of people migrated from Council Bluffs, Iowa to Salt Lake City and other parts of Utah? G4 A

A Miners

B Indians

C Catholics

D Mormons

58 Which event had the greatest effect on California’s population? G4 A

A Gold Rush

B Oregon Trail

C Civil War

D Indian removal

59 Which of the following was a major reason for immigrants to come to America? H3 C

A Get away from Native Americans

B Obtain a college education

C Achieve economic opportunity

D Fight in the Civil War

60 Which immigrant group was most affected by the Miner’s Foreign Tax during the gold rush? G4 A

A Chinese

B Canadians

C Scottish

D Russians

61 What was one result of the California gold rush? C3C

A Slaves were set free throughout the nation.

B Native Americans increased their territory.

C California applied for and gained statehood.

D United States entered a war with Mexico

62 Why was the annexation of Texas by the United States delayed? C1 B A The Lone Star Republic did not have any desire to be annexed.

B The balance of power between free and slave states would be upset.

C The president did not want to add more land to the United States.

D The war with Mexico had not ended so Texas was not independent.

63 What was one result of the Mexican War? C3 C

A United States took control of Mexico

B Spain gained independence C Rio Grande River became the border

D Texas was sold to Mexico

64 What religious group eventually settled near the Great Salt Lake because they faced religious persecution in the east? H6 B

A Baptists

B Mormons

C Muslims

D Catholics

65 How was Manifest Destiny accomplished? C3 A

A United States expanded from ocean to ocean.

B Ex-slaves moved westward in order to get land.

C Native Americans claimed all of California.

D Mexico expanded its lands into Texas and Utah.

66 Which statement best explains the 19th century belief in Manifest Destiny? C3 A

A The United States should extend its boundaries to the Pacific Ocean

B There should be free trade among all nations of the western hemisphere

C Slavery should be expanded to all states and territories of the US

D Business and industry are more important to the economy than agriculture

67 What was the final step in achieving Manifest Destiny? C3D

A Colonial independence from Britain

B Florida Cession from Spain

C Louisiana Purchase from France

D Mexican Cession from Mexico

68 What religion did the Mexican government expect American settlers in Texas to follow? H6 D

A Mormon

B Protestant

C Puritan

D Catholic

69 Why would immigrants want to join the army and fight for the United States during the Mexican War? H3 A

A to have a new job

B to learn Spanish

C to study about Texas

D to fight the wealthy

70 What was the role of missionaries in the settlement of the West? H6 C

A Led settlers through the mountain passes

B Organized wagon trains of Immigrant settlers

C Spread Christianity among Native Americans

D Establish trading posts for settlers

71 Which region of the United States strongly supported the idea of states’ rights? G2 A

A East

B North

C West

D South

72 The cotton gin created a demand for which of the following? E3 C A Sailors

B Carpenters

C Slaves

D Inventors

73 Which of the following views did most abolitionists support? H6 C

A Slavery should expand to all new states.

B Slavery should be limited to southern states.

C Slavery should be outlawed in all states.

D Slavery should be limited to northern states.

74 Which of the following defines the term nationalism? H6D

A Loyalty to a region

B Loyalty to a state

C Loyalty to a territory

D Loyalty to a country

75 How did the idea of the “spoils system” change American society? H6 B

A Political party leaders were allowed to choose who voted in elections.

B Supporters of elected officials were rewarded with government jobs.

C Political party leaders began to choose who would run in an election.

D Supporters began contributing money to national election campaigns.

76 Which of the following defines the term sectionalism? H6 AA Loyalty to a region

B Loyalty to a leader

C Loyalty to a person

D Loyalty to a country

77 How did the North and South differ in their views of the purpose of government? C1A

A South believed in states’ rights over federal rights.

B North believed in changing the Constitution often.

C South believed in a monarchy rather than a democracy.

D North believed in religious rights over federal rights.

78 Which of the following defines the term federalism? C1D

A Foreign governments share some powers

B Towns and states share government powers

C Territories have some government powers

D State and federal governments share powers

79 Which 19th century political party supported the idea of “strict interpretation” of the Constitution? H6 C

A Federalist-Antifederalist

B Whig

C Democratic-Republican

D Liberty

80 Why did most Southerners oppose to high tariffs? G1D A They feared that westward expansion would be slowed.

B They manufactured all the factory goods they needed.

C They thought that slaves would give up field work.

D They imported many of their manufactured products.

81 Which of the following is an example of a secondary source of information about people migrating to California? H2C

A An entry from a German immigrant’s diary

B A pick and pan belonging to a gold miner

C A video about the Chinese building railroads

D An 1849 newspaper account from Sacramento

Use the quote below and then answer the following question:

“Could we have foreseen, when we called that convention, the ridicule, persecution, and misrepresentation that the demand for women’s political, religious, and social equality would involve: the long, weary years of waiting and hoping without success; I fear we should not have had the courage and conscience to begin such a protracted struggle, not the faith and hope to continue the work.”

--Elizabeth Cady Stanton, in an 1876 letter to Lucretia Mott on the 28th anniversary of the Seneca Falls Convention

82 What conclusion can be drawn about the fight for women’s equality from this part of Stanton’s letter? H2 C

A It was supported by most people.

B It succeeded faster than expected.

C It was more difficult than expected.

D It had little support from the clergy.

83 In the mid-1800s, which of the following was a major concern in the West? G1 C A Labor unrest

B New inventions

C Indian attacks

D Building canals

Study the poster and answer the questions the two questions that follow.

84 What conclusion can be drawn from this poster, printed after the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850? G1 A

A. Police would not try to capture runaway slaves.

B. Fugitives should ask police officers for help.

C. Police would attempt to capture runaway slaves.

D. Fugitives would be protected by the police.

85 This poster is a primary source. Why? H2 B

A. It is a document developed by the government.

B. It is a source created at the time of the event.

C. It is copied from a student history textbook.

D. It is a second hand account of the event.

86 Which factors led to the growth of cities in the North before the Civil War? E3 B

A Discovery of gold and silver

B Factories and immigration

C Natural resources and land

D Cotton gin and slavery

87 What impact did the novel, Uncle Toms Cabin, have on the economy of the south?E3 A

A Exposed the evils of the slave trade

B Emphasized the importance of the cotton gin

C Improved manufacturing in the south

D Included principles from the tariff debate

88 How were the economies of the South and Europe connected before the Civil War? E3 A

A Europe imported Southern agricultural products

B South imported Europe’s agricultural products

C South exported manufactured goods to Europe

D Europe exported slaves to Southern plantations

89 What is the best title for this map? G1 C

A Westward Expansion

B Manifest Destiny

C Divided Nation

D Eastern Immigration

90 What environmental factors contributed to the south’s ability to grow cotton? G5A

A. Warm weather and good soil

B. More population and railroads

C. Cooler temperatures and snow

D. Less factories and major cities

91 Which of these factors helped the Irish become the second largest group of immigrants to the United States? G2 C

A Prejudice

B Religion

C Famine

D Property

92 Which of the following was the major cause of the Civil War? H1 A

A Keeping the country united as a nation

B Expanding railroads and industry into the south

C Punishing the south for trading with Britain

D Exploring westward for lands to expand the nation

93 Why did Southerners want to allow slavery in new territories? G2 B A Prepare the South for manufacturing

B Maintain balance in Congress

C Encourage expansion of railroads

D Keep tariffs higher on imports

Study the picture below and answer the question that follows.

94 Which section of the United States is pictured in the 1800s? H3A A South

B West

C North

D East

95 What mineral deposits in the North helped its industries to grow? G2D A Silver and gold

B Rubies and emeralds

C Steel and carbon

D Iron and coal

96 Use this primary source to complete the following question. 

How would an abolitionist react to this poster in the years before the Civil War?

H2 C A         Support laws punishing slaves B         Allow slavery in new territories  C         Assist slaves running from masters 

D         Oppose

emancipation of slaves

Study the quote and then answer the question below.

I believe this Government cannot endure [continue], permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolve - - I do not expect the house to fall - - but I do expect it will cease to be divided. Abraham Lincoln

97 Based on the quote above, why were Southerners afraid that the North would abolish

slavery? H3 B

A They felt that the Fugitive Slave Act would not be enforced.

B They thought the army would begin arresting plantation owners.

C They disagreed with the Supreme Court’s Dred Scott decision.

D They believed Lincoln would keep the nation united at all cost.

98 Which region shown on the map was admitted to the Union as a result of the Compromise

of 1850? G1 D

A         1 B         2 C         3 D         4

99 Why did Congress see a need for the Compromise of 1850? C1D (cannot use with 98)

A Virginia refused to support fugitive slave laws.

B Pennsylvania wanted to allow slavery in all states.

C Missouri fought the drawing of their boundaries.

D California applied for statehood as a free state.

100 Which part of the Compromise of 1850 pleased most Southerners? C1C

A Congress agreed to not allow slavery in any of the new territories.

B Congress outlawed the slave trade in Washington, D.C.

C Congress included a stronger measure for capturing runaway slaves.

D Congress admitted the state of California as a free state.

101 Why were Southerners satisfied with the outcome of the Dred Scott Case? C1 B A Slaves were given the right to vote

B Slaves were recognized as property

C Slaves in all southern states were freed

D Slaves were given more rights

102 Which of the following was an effect of the Dred Scott Case? C1 B

A It created the Kansas-Nebraska Act

B It canceled the Missouri Compromise

C It expanded the Monroe Doctrine

D It enforced the Compromise of 1850

103 In the Dred Scott case, how did the Supreme Court view slaves? C1 B

A Citizens

B Property

C Planters

D Merchants

104 Which of the following explains the concept of popular sovereignty? C1A

A Citizens of new territories could decide whether to permit slavery.

B Northern business owners could treat their workers as they wished.

C Citizens of both North and South had to free slaves immediately.

D Northerners had to help recapture runaway slaves in all states.

105 Which term refers to the idea that people had the right to decide if slavery would be legal in a territory? C3 C (cannot be used with previous question)

 A         Manifest Destiny B         Southern Secession C         Popular Sovereignty D         Foreign compromise

106 In 1858 what new technology was used to increase communication between the United States and Europe? H4B

A Universal Telephone

B Trans-Atlantic Cable

C Digital wireless System

D Electric Dictaphone

107 Which of these was a condition of the Fugitive Slave Law? G2 D

A Underground Railroad was legalized.

B Slaves in the Northern states were freed.

C Slavery was extended into new territories.

D Aide to runaway slaves was a crime.

108 Which section of the country benefited economically from the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850? G2/E3 D

A East

B West

C North

D South

109 How did the Fugitive Slave Act affect northerners? C1 D

A Slaves were rebellious towards their southern owners.

B Northerners had to pay taxes to support slavery.

C Slaves were huge working force in the factories.

D Northerners could not legally help runaway slaves.

110 Just before the Civil War, what was the most important social issue in all regions of the United States? H3B

A impeachment

B abolition

C environment

D education

Study the quote and answer the question that follows

It was a sense of the wrongs which we have suffered that prompted the noble but unfortunate Captain Brown and his associates to attempt to give freedom to a small number, at least of those who are now held by cruel and unusual laws, and by no less cruel and unjust men… I fully believe that not only myself, but also all three of my poor comrades who are to ascent the same scaffold (a scaffold already made sacred to the cause of freedom by the death of that great champion of human freedom, Captain John Brown), are prepared to meet our God. John Copeland, black man in John Brown’s group, letter to his brother

111 How would the author of this passage describe John Brown? C1C

A a dangerous rebel

B a misguided person

C a celebrated hero

D a successful leader

112 Why did slaves try to escape to Canada on the Underground Railroad? G4 A

A To be free from possible capture and return to slavery

B To raise an army to fight against southern slave holders

C To find jobs in Canadian factories or railroads

D To get rich and return to their homes in America

113 How did the Dred Scott decision bring the nation closer to a civil war? C1 A

A Slave owners were thrilled while abolitionists were outraged

B Frontiersmen began to realize the advantages of slavery

C Factory workers enjoyed the benefits of better working conditions

D Northerners and southerners established a strong relationship

114 What impact did the Lincoln-Douglas debates have on the nation in the 1850s? C1 A

A Lincoln became a strong presidential candidate.

B Douglas was embraced by northerner merchants

C Southerners trusted Lincoln’s plan for the country.

D Tensions over sectionalism in Congress decreased

115 What is one result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act? C1C

A Both territories became slave states

B Popular sovereignty was prohibited

C Kansas became a violent battleground

D Women received the right to vote

116 Which of these was a major difference between the North and South in the mid-1800’s? G2 D

A The South had a bigger and better army.

B The North had more African American slaves.

C The South had more European immigrants.

D The North had bigger cities and factories.

117 What form of transportation replaced canal boats in the 1850’s? H4C

A Cars

B Wagons

C Trains

D Planes

118 By 1860, which transportation network united the Midwest and the East? H4C

A Streets

B Harbors

C Railroads

D Airports

119 Which of the following was an immediate result of the election of Abraham Lincoln? C3 B A         California became a free state B         Southern states seceded C         Missouri became a slave state

D         Slaves were given freedom

120 What was the first major battle of the American Civil War? H1 B

A Battle of Gettysburg

B Battle of Bull Run

C Battle of Vicksburg

D Battle of Shiloh

121 Which of these was a strength of the Union army during the Civil War? H4A

A Advanced weaponry

B Common language

C Short supply lines

D Better leadership

122 What Southern development led to a revolution in naval technology? H4D A Steam ship

B Clipper ship

C Prairie schooner

D Ironclad warship

123 Which cash crop was the basis of the Southern economy during the Civil War? E3 B

A Tobacco

B Cotton

C Corn

D Indigo

124 What was the basis for the Northern economy during the Civil War? E3 D

A Fishing

B Banking

C Slavery

D Industry

Study the timeline below and then answer questions 125-128. DATE BATTLE/EVENTDec 1860-May 1861 The Southern States SecedeApril 1861 Attack on Fort SumterApril 1862 The Battle of ShilohJanuary 1863 The Emancipation ProclamationJuly 1863 The Gettysburg CampaignJune 1864 The Siege of PetersburgNovember 1864 Abraham Lincoln Re-ElectedApril 1865 Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse

125 Which event is considered a political event? H1 D

A The Gettysburg Campaign

B The Battle of Shiloh

C The Siege of Petersburg

D Abraham Lincoln Re-Elected

126 Which event on the timeline marked the beginning of the Civil War? H1 A A Attack on Fort Sumter

B The Emancipation Proclamation

C The Siege of Petersburg

D The Gettysburg Campaign

127 Which event could be placed on the timeline after the surrender at Appomattox Courthouse? H1 B

A General Sherman’s March to the Sea

B Assassination of Abraham Lincoln

C Passage of the Kansas Nebraska Act

D Passage of the Missouri Compromise

128 According to the timeline which event ended the Civil War? H1 C

A The Southern States Secede

B The Gettysburg Campaign

C Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse

D Emancipation Proclamation

Study the chart below and then answer questions 129-131

129 What disadvantage did the Confederacy have in the struggle to control the Mississippi River? G1 C

A a large population

B forts along the river

C a small navy

D too many rail lines

130 What strength allowed the Union to have a large army? G1 D

A Had good military leaders

B Had many factories

C Had a lot more land

D Had a large population

Union ConfederacyStrengths Weaknesses Strengths Weaknesses

a largerpopulation

Party politics experiencedgenerals because ofa stronger militarytradition

a smallerpopulation

most of thenation’s factoriesand railroad lines

difficultyfinding goodmilitary leaders

Needed to fight a defensive war on its own territory

few factoriesand railroad lines

nearly all ofthe nation’sshipyards and navalvessels

a large land area a small navy

131 Why might a defensive war have been an advantage for the Confederacy?? G1 A

A Soldiers would fight on familiar land.

B Soldiers supply lines might be longer.

C Soldiers’ homes would not be destroyed.

D Soldiers might be able to live at home.

132 Why did President Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation? H3 C

A To strengthen the Confederacy

B To give financial help to slaves

C To weaken the Confederacy

D To give slaves land for farming

133 How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the nature of the Civil War? H3 A A It added a just purpose for fighting.

B It angered Northern abolitionists.

C It decreased other nations’ support.

D It encouraged Southern slavery.

134 Which geographic feature helped the South during the Civil War? G2C

A Plains

B Plateaus

C Rivers

D Mountains

135 How did Northern industries help the Union army? H4C

A Manufactured goods for the general population

B Produced women’s clothing from raw cotton

C Supplied the army with weapons and ammunition

D Employed slaves for better and faster production

136 Which of these terms best describe medical services at the beginning of the Civil War? H4D

A Clean and Sanitary

B Quick and Efficient

C Healthy and Safe

D Primitive and Filthy

137 What technology did Matthew Brady use to document the Civil War? H4B

A videotape

B photography

C telephone

D audiotape

138 What caused the high death rates among soldiers during the Civil War? G5 D

A Battlefield wounds and observation balloons

B Army leaders and southern slaves

C Battle strategies and soldier confidence

D Poor medical treatment and illness

139 What was the impact of General Sherman’s march from Atlanta to Savannah? G5B

A Built towns, dams and railroads

B Destroyed crops, railroads and plantations

C Built hospitals, factories and ships

D Established trade routes, seaports, and mills

140 Which of the following was an economic advantage of the North during the Civil War? E3 B

A Plantations

B Railroads

C Slavery

D Leaders

141 What shortage had a negative impact on the South during the Civil War? H4D

A Airports

B Roads

C Canals

D Railroads

142 What new technology increased the number of battlefield casualties in the Civil War? H4C

A Balloons

B Muskets

C Rifles

D Submarines

Study this picture of the Union ship, the Monitor then answer questions 143-145.

http://memory.loc.gov/

143 The Union ship, the Monitor fought a battle with the Confederate ship, the Merrimac. Which of these became outdated as a result of the battle? H4A

A Wooden warships

B Naval blockades

C Steam locomotives

D Naval battles

144 When did the battle between the Monitor and the Merrimac occur? H4B

A Before the beginning of the Civil War

B During the early part of the Civil War

C During the later part of the Civil War

D After the fighting ended in the Civil War

145 What did the South hope to accomplish by building the Merrimac? H4C A to begin a Northern blockade

B to support Southern troops at Shiloh

C to end the Northern blockade

D to expand the Southern territories

146 How did women contribute to the war effort in the medical field during the Civil War?H4B

A Read about diseases

B Worked as doctors

C Fought in battle

D Worked as nurses

147 Which region of the United States was most damaged by fighting during the Civil War? G2 B

A North

B South

C East

D West

148 Why were battles between armies fought in spring and summer rather than in fall and winter? G5 A

A Moving men and equipment was easier

B Getting food and clothing was harder

C Fighting was forbidden during the holidays

D Exporting goods depended on seasonal tariffs

149 What would you call a scientific discovery that simplifies work? H4A

A Technology

B Industry

C Machinery

D Factories

150 Why were so few Civil War battles fought in the western part of the United States? G5 D

A Better transportation and communication

B More factories and better farmland

C Poor climate and cooler weather

D Lower population and fewer slaves

 

Use the primary source quote below to answer the following 2 questions.

151 Lincoln spoke these words at the start of his second term as President. What did Lincoln mean when he said “With malice toward none; with charity for all”? H2 B

A Donate money to those in need

B Forgive enemies and forget wrongs

C Hold the South responsible for the war

D Allow the South to leave the Union

152 According to this quote, what was Lincoln’s hope for the future? H1 C A        To settle remaining differences through war B         To punish Southern states for their actions

C         To reunite and restore peace to the nation

D         To give pensions to all Confederate soldiers

153 What was one immediate result of the Civil War? G4 B

A Cotton growing was outlawed

B All Southern slaves were freed

C Southern population increased

D Both armies decided to surrender

With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right… let us strive to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation’s wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow and orphan, and to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves, and with all nations.                                     Abraham Lincoln, 1865

154 After the Civil War, what was the most common work for former slaves? G5 D

A mining

B manufacturing

C shipping

D sharecropping

155 Which southern cash crop suffered the greatest drop in production between 1860 and 1870? E3 A

A Cotton

B Rice

C Tobacco

D Indigo

156 Why did the North have fewer problems than the South after the Civil War?G2A

A Less destruction of land and personal property

B More trade with Europe and Africa

C Fewer sharecroppers and carpetbaggers

D More war casualties and civilian deaths

157 What was the basis of the Southern economy after the Civil War? E3 A

A Banking

B Agriculture

C Industry

D Tourism

158 Which of these was a role of the Freedman’s Bureau after the Civil War? H3 C

A             Separate races in the South B             Send former slaves to the North C             Provide help to former slaves D            Reward war veterans with land

159 What group was organized during the Reconstruction to prevent free men and women from exercising their rights? H3C

A Scalawags

B Carpetbaggers

C Ku Klux Klan

D Sharecroppers

160 During the Reconstruction Era the Fifteenth Amendment was ratified. What did the Fifteenth Amendment do? C1A

A Give African American’s the right to vote

B Give women the right to vote

C Give Native American’s the right to vote

D Give everyone the right to vote