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Name:_________________________________
Mr. Crabtre
e’sSuper Aweso
meFinal
1. You are doing a laboratory investigation. One step asks you to mix two substances in a test tube and then observe the odor produced by the substances. You should observe the odor by —
A. holding the test tube near your nose and breathing in B. pouring a small amount of the liquid on a dish and then smelling it C. waving your hand away from your face over the opening of the test tube D. waving your hand toward your nose over the opening of the test tube
2. Which rule should be followed for safely cutting a material during a lab activity?
A. Cut away from you. B. Cut toward you. C. Cut with a sawing motion. D. Cut with a hacking motion.
3. A student fills three beakers with water, vinegar, and bleach. He drops a small piece of chalk into each of the beakers. He then records any evidence of a chemical change. What is a hypothesis that this investigation may have been designed to test?
A. If chalk is broken into small pieces, then it will react very easily. B. If the temperature of a solution is increased, then a reaction will happen more quickly. C. If vinegar and bleach are mixed together, then they will react with one another. D. If chalk is added to different solutions, then it will react only with some of the solutions.
4. You are given three balls of the same size and mass. One ball is made of wood, one is made of plastic, and the other is made of rubber. You are instructed to drop each ball from a height of exactly one meter and measure the height of its bounce. What is a hypothesis that this experiment may have been designed to test?
A. If the material of a ball changes, then the height of its bounce will change. B. If the volume of a ball changes, then the height of its bounce will change. C. If a ball is heavier, then it will fall faster. D. If a ball is larger, then it will fall slower.
5. An advertisement states that a particular screwdriver is recommended by 9 out of 10 mechanics. The inference the advertisement hopes you will make is —
A. this is the least expensive screwdriver B. this is the most expensive screwdriver C. this is the strongest screwdriver D. this is the best screwdriver
6. What statement can be made based on the information in the diagram of a food web?
A. All the consumers ultimately get their energy from plants. B. Frogs and snakes eat owls. C. Owls have more food energy available to them than rabbits do. D. Mice use rabbits for food energy.
Mr. Crabtre
e’sSuper Aweso
meFinal
7. A student makes a graphic model of the skeletal system. The question this model can best help answer is —
A. What are some major bones of the skeletal system? B. What is the difference between male and female skeletal systems? C. How large is the average chest cavity? D. What are the primary muscle groups that move the ulna?
8. In biology, a certain type of model is used to show many interconnected energy relationships in an ecosystem. It usually contains multiple food chains. What is the name of this model?
A. Punnett square B. food web C. energy pyramid D. fossil record
9. What type of ecological model is used to show the amount of energy available at each trophic level?
A. energy pyramid B. food web C. energy diagram D. Punnett square
10. Look at the figure. Which of the following is the figure an example of?
A. food chain B. line graph C. energy pyramid D. Punnett square
11. Look at the illustration. What process does the illustration demonstrate?
A. the water cycle B. the nitrogen cycle C. the carbon cycle D. the life cycle
12. Which piece of safety equipment is important to use in case an acid splashes onto your face?
A. fire extinguisher B. fire blanket C. eye wash station D. glassware sterilizer
13. Of the following, the best description of the energy changes that take place during photosynthesis is —
A. radiant energy from the Sun is converted into nuclear energy B. potential energy from the Sun is converted into kinetic energy C. radiant energy from the Sun is converted into chemical energy D. heat energy from the Sun is converted into chemical energy
14. You want to investigate how to reduce rates of photosynthesis in a green plant. What could you do?
A. Place the plant under a bright lamp. B. Place the plant outside. C. Place the plant in a dark closet. D. Place the plant on a sunny windowsill.
15. Plants make their own food through the process of photosynthesis. What is one product of photosynthesis?
A. water B. carbon dioxide C. oxygen D. sunlight
16. Humans need oxygen to survive. Where does this oxygen come from?
A. producers B. primary consumers C. secondary consumers D. the Sun
17. Which equation correctly shows the reactants and products of photosynthesis?
A. water + carbon dioxide → sugar + oxygen B. light energy + oxygen + sugar → carbon dioxide + water C. light energy + carbon dioxide + water → sugar + oxygen D. chemicals + sugar + water → carbon dioxide + nitrogen
18. The diagram shows photosynthesis. What gas does the plant take in through its leaves?
A. water vapor B. oxygen C. carbon dioxide D. nitrogen
19. You are comparing plant and animal cells under a microscope. Which structure in the plant cell would you not find in the animal cell?
A. nucleus because animals do not convert radiant energy into chemical energy B. mitochondria because animals do not store energy from food C. chloroplasts because animals do not make their own food D. cell membrane because animals do not need outer coverings that protect cells and give them shape
20. Which group of organisms is responsible for recycling nutrients in an ecosystem?
A. Producers B. Consumers C. Decomposers D. Omnivores
21. Predict the impact on the ecosystem if all the decomposers in the picture of the food web died.
A. Producers would be able to grow faster. B. There would be fewer soil nutrients available to plants. C. More crickets and rabbits would be available as food. D. There would be more nutrients available to the ecosystem.
22. Look at the diagram of the energy pyramid. Only about 10 percent of the energy from one trophic level is available to organisms in the next trophic level. How much energy is available to the secondary consumer in the energy pyramid shown?
A. 1 unit B. 10 units C. 100 units D. 1,000 units
23. What type of organism always makes up the base of an energy pyramid?
A. producer B. decomposer C. primary consumer D. secondary consumer
24. An energy pyramid is one way to show the flow of energy in an ecosystem. As energy moves from one trophic level to the next, the amount of energy
A. stays the same. B. doubles. C. increases. D. decreases.
25. This illustration shows an energy pyramid. An energy pyramid shows how energy flows through an ecosystem, starting with the producers. According to this illustration, what percentage of energy is transferred at each level in an energy pyramid?
A. 100% B. 50% C. 10%
D. 1%
26. Which of these is a primary consumer?
A. insectivore B. omnivore C. carnivore D. herbivore
27.
Look at the two screwdrivers above. The one on the left is shiny and bright gray. The one on the right has a crumbly, soft, somewhat reddish surface. Which of the following best explains what happened to the one on the right?
A. It rusted. B. As it got older, its structure weakened. C. The iron atoms changed into rust atoms. D. The iron in the screwdriver and the oxygen in the air combined in a chemical reaction.
28. The human digestive system is shown.
How are the mouth and stomach similar?
A. Food undergoes both physical and chemical changes in both places. B. Nutrients are absorbed in both places. C. Food undergoes only physical changes in these parts of the digestive system. D. Food is broken into elements in both places.
29. Which of these units is used to measure work?
A. watts B. horsepower C. joules D. newtons
30. Applying a force to an object may take energy, but it does not always result in work being done. What must be true for work to be done?
A. The object must have a sizeable mass. B. The object must move in the direction opposite that of the force applied. C. The object must move in the same direction in which the force is being applied. D. The object must accelerate so that it attains its maximum speed as quickly as possible.
31. When a seedling begins to emerge from a seed that is planted, what determines the direction the seedling will grow?
A. gravity B. water C. soil D. its stem
32. Why is Texas a prime target for hurricanes that can cause catastrophic damage?
A. Texas is a very large land area. B. Texas lies in the path of hurricanes that move in from the Atlantic Ocean. C. Texas borders a large area of warm water, the Gulf of Mexico. D. Texas has a mild climate throughout the year.
33. Of the following, the structure formed when a river deposits new soil and sediment at its mouth is a —
A. delta B. mountain C. glacial lake D. sandbar
34. While walking along a beach, you observe a large pile of sand near a row of rocks. The next day, the pile of sand is gone, and the sand that remains appears wet. The disappearance of the large sand pile is the result of —
A. chemical weathering B. mechanical weathering C. erosion D. deposition
35. V-shaped valleys are formed by
A. large rivers of ice. B. movement of material by landslides. C. erosion and down cutting by water. D. strong and heavy winds.
36. All of the following are abiotic components of an ecosystem except —
A. air B. water C. rocks D. plants
37. Which of the following explains why different environments support different varieties of organisms?
A. Every organism is adapted to life in a certain type of environment. B. Every environment has the same basic features. C. All organisms have the same basic needs. D. Populations of organisms compete with each other for resources.
38. Which is a biotic factor in an ecosystem?
A. Water B. Light C. Plants D. Air
39. Coloration is one way an organism can respond to environmental changes. The fur of an animal is brown in summer. It becomes white in winter. What can you infer about the area in which the animal lives?
A. The area is warm during winter. B. The area is snowy during winter. C. The area is located near an ocean. D. The area is located in a tropical rain forest.
40. Which best describes how a climax community maintains equilibrium in an ecosystem?
A. Climax communities are constant and never change. B. Climax communities provide unstable conditions for the organisms. C. Climax communities have a high biodiversity. D. Climax communities only have a few species of very successful organisms.
42. Temperatures in a particular ecosystem are cold during winter. How might an animal successfully respond to this temporary change in climate?
A. become extinct B. hibernate C. reproduce D. photosynthesize
43. The most sustainable ecosystem would
A. have low biodiversity. B. have high biodiversity. C. not experience change. D. have no predators.
44. In an ecosystem, why are decomposers important?
A. Consumers eat them. B. They make food for producers. C. They make food for consumers. D. They release nutrients into the soil.
45. The illustration shows a forest ecosystem that has been damaged by fire. Following the fire, the organisms that are most likely to move into and survive in this area first are —
A. deer that feed on berries growing on bushes B. birds that nest in trees and feed on leaf-eating insects C. insects that feed on the leaves of trees D. small grasses and shrubs that need plenty of light to grow
46. A pioneer organism is one of the first organisms to grow in an area where there were no organisms. Which would likely be a pioneer organism on a newly formed volcanic island?
A. Coconut palm B. Banana plant C. Lichen D. Grass
47. How does primary succession differ from secondary succession?
A. Primary succession occurs when organisms move into an area. B. Primary succession eventually results in a stable, climax community. C. Primary succession occurs when no life inhabited an area. D. Primary succession occurs when organisms grow in an area.
48. What is generally true of ecological succession?
A. Species diversity increases over time. B. Species diversity decreases over time. C. Species diversity remains the same over time. D. Species diversity is not affected by disturbances to the ecosystem.
49. What is the primary function of a dichotomous key?
A. to give an organism its scientific name B. to locate an organism in its ecosystem C. to classify an organism D. to identify an organism
50.
Use the dichotomous key provided to answer this question: What kind of organism is this? A. Ant B. Black widow spider
C. Gypsy moth D. Monarch butterfly
51. Which scientist is associated with the phrase 'survival of the fittest'?
A. Marie Curie B. Isaac Newton C. Albert Einstein D. Charles Darwin
52. Which statement is part of the process of natural selection?
A. There is little variation among members of a population. B. Organisms produce fewer offspring than can survive. C. Traits do not pass from one generation to the next. D. Individuals with useful traits survive and have offspring.
53. Whales have a thick layer of fat called blubber beneath their skin. Blubber helps a whale —
A. maintain a constant internal body temperature when temperatures in the environment change B. derive oxygen from the water C. change its body temperature to match the temperature of its surroundings D. produce milk to feed its young
54. The diagram below is a dichotomous key.
What is the identity of a four-legged reptile with black skin?
A. Nile crocodile B. Bearded dragon C. American alligator D. Black rat snake
55. The picture below shows two dogs of the same breed. Like all dog breeds, this breed has particular characteristics.
The characteristics of modern dog breeds are the result of —
A. asexual reproduction B. ecological succession C. natural selection D. selective breeding
56. The bones of a bird are hollow. This adaptation helps the bird to
A. fly. B. catch worms. C. lay eggs. D. swim.
57. The adaptation of xylem and phloem in trees function in a manner similar to the human —
A. circulatory system B. digestive system C. reproductive system D. nervous system
58. Which statement describes what happens in your legs when you run?
A. Voluntary muscles stretch and cause tendons to pull on bones. B. Voluntary muscles contract and cause tendons to pull on bones. C. Involuntary muscles contract and cause tendons to pull on bones. D. Voluntary muscles contract and cause ligaments to pull on bones.
59. Which statement best describes how hormones work in the body?
A. They are produced by cells in the circulatory system in response to stress. B. They cause faster, shorter-acting responses than nerve impulses. C. They are primarily associated with long-term changes like development. D. They interact only with cells that recognize their chemical structure.
60. A diagram of a human body system is shown.
Investigating which question would provide the most information about this system?
A. How are nutrients moved to body cells? B. How quickly do signals travel on nerves? C. How does inhaled air compare to exhaled air? D. How do hormones impact growth?
61. Cells are organized into
A. organs. B. organ systems. C. tissues. D. organisms.
62. What is the purpose of the circulatory system?
A. to transport oxygen and nutrients to cells and remove their wastes B. to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide C. to produce nutrients that cells can use D. to make blood
63. Arteries, veins, and capillaries are part of the
A. respiratory system. B. urinary system. C. circulatory system. D. digestive system.
Use the picture above to answer the next two questions.
64. What level of organization is shown in the picture?
A. organ B. organ system C. tissue D. organism
65. What organ system works with the body parts shown in the picture to cause the body to move?
A. nervous system B. digestive system C. circulatory system D. muscular system
66. The cells in this picture are part of the
A. muscular system. B. nervous system. C. skeletal system. D. immune system.
67. The cells of complex multicellular organisms are organized into structures. What is the order of these structures from least complex to most complex?
A. cell, organ, tissue, organ system B. cell, organ system, organ, tissue C. cell, tissue, organ, organ system D. tissue, cell, organ, organ system
68. A specialized cell part that performs a certain function is
A. an organelle. B. an organ. C. a tissue. D. cytoplasm.
69. A plant cell wall is made of a tough, strong, and rigid material. How is this material well suited for the cell wall's function?
A. A tough cell wall keeps harmful substances out of the cell. B. A cell wall removes wastes from a cell. A strong material will not tear when these wastes are removed. C. The rigid, strong material of a cell wall allows it to provide protection and support to the cell. D. A cell wall prevents infection. Having a rigid wall keeps out invading pathogens.
70. What is found in a nucleus?
A. chromosomes B. chlorophyll
C. food D. cytoplasm
71. A student drew a diagram of a cell.
Which organism is this cell most likely from?
A. Frog B. Snake C. Human D. Tree
72. Like organisms, all cells —
A. have cell walls B. have hearts C. need food D. need sunlight
73. What word could you use to describe cytoplasm?
A. solid B. liquid C. gas D. gel-like
74. When seeds are planted, roots emerging from the seeds grow down into the soil in response to —
A. the force of sunlight B. magnetism inside Earth C. the force of gravity D. an attraction to soil
75. In humans, the fight-or-flight response is a response to potentially dangerous situations. What body system controls this response?
A. the reproductive system B. the muscular system C. the nervous system D. the immune system
76. How would you describe phototropism to a younger student?
A. It is a plant's response to touch. B. It is a plant's response to moisture. C. It is a plant's response to light. D. It is a plant's response to gravity.
77. A student's mouth filled with saliva. He is most likely responding to
A. hunger. B. temperature. C. fear. D. light.
78. Which is the most likely response by your body to an invasion by a disease-causing pathogen?
A. Vomiting B. Chills C. Fever D. Sneezing
79. The ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment while living in changing external environments is —
A. homeostasis B. reproduction C. replication D. respiration
80. You are eating, and a piece of food enters your windpipe. A likely response of your body to this stimulus is —
A. a fever and a headache B. sneezing and shivering C. choking and coughing D. no response
81. Rabbits that live in hot desert environments have large ears through which they release heat from their bodies. Releasing excess heat in this way helps these rabbits —
A. maintain stable internal conditions while living in changing external conditions B. digest food more efficiently C. change internal conditions in their bodies in response to changing external conditions D. prevent external conditions in their environments from changing
82. Dormancy in plants is similar to what process in animals?
A. hiberation B. migration C. photosynthesis D. reproduction
83. Juan is a normal male. Which sex chromosome did his father contribute to the fertilized egg that produced Juan?
A. XY B. XX C. X D. Y
84. A tall pea plant is crossed with a short pea plant. All the offspring are tall. What can you conclude about the allele for tallness in pea plants?
A. The 'tall' allele is recessive. B. The 'tall' allele is dominant. C. The 'short' allele is dominant. D. The alleles for height are incompletely dominant.
85. Gregor Mendel was a monk who lived in Europe in the 1800s. He worked with pea plants and discovered that certain traits were dominant, like the color of the seed or the color of the flower. He also realized that something—something we now call a gene—was passed to the offspring of the plants. He thought that this something determined the young plant’s traits. Based on his experiments, Mendel reached two conclusions: (1) Only one allele from any given pair passes to the offspring from each parent, and (2) different pairs of alleles pass to the offspring independently. He also realized that this system of inheritance occurs by chance.
Today, Mendel is called the father of —
A. modern biology B. anthropology C. genetics D. botany
86. If a sea star loses an arm, the organism can grow a replacement arm. What is this process called?
A. budding B. binary fission C. regeneration D. meiosis
87. Which situation has the most work being done?
A. Suzanne moved her bed 15 meters with a force of 5 Newtons. B. Carmen used a force of 10 Newtons to move a desk 5 meters. C. Carl pushed his car with a force 80 Newtons, but the car did not move. D. Jonathan pulled his little sister in a sleigh 5 meters with a force of 5 Newtons.
88. The process shown in the picture is
A. fertilization. B. pregnancy. C. development. D. regeneration.
89. Chromosomes —
A. carry information about the organism’s traits B. are also called genes C. store the nutrients the cell needs D. look like small balls
90. A force is
A. Always unbalanced B. Always gravity C. Always balanced D. Any push or pull on an object
91. What would happen to the body if the tissues in the small intestine failed to do their job?
A. Certain foods could not be digested, the digestive system would eventually fail, and needed nutrients would not reach the cells. B. Other organs in the digestive system would take over the jobs of the small intestine. C. Nothing would happen to the body because the small intestine is not required for digestion. D. Cells would have to get needed nutrients from another organ system.
92. Plants and animals are composed of organic compounds. Which of the following are the common elements found in organic compounds?
A. Sodium, potassium, gold, hydrogen B. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen C. Iron, oxygen, nickel, cooper D. Helium, neon, argon, krypton
93. The grasshopper in the energy pyramid eats grass to get needed energy. Which of the following describe the transformations of energy that occur within the grasshopper as it digests the food?
A. Radiant energy is transformed into chemical energy in the digestive system of the grasshopper. B. Chemical energy is transformed into radiant energy in the digestive system of the grasshopper C. Heat energy is transformed into chemical energy in the digestive system of the grasshopper. D, Chemical energy is transformed into heat energy in the digestive system of the grasshopper.
94. The bones of the skeleton store minerals such as phosphorus and
A. sodium. B. calcium. C. iron. D. potassium.
95. Which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell theory?
A. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. B. All cells are produced from other cells. C. Cells have existed for thousands of years. D. All living things are composed of cells.
96. The muscular structure of the stomach enables it to
A. absorb a large amount of nutrients. B. produce pepsin. C. churn and mix food with digestive juice. D. kill bacteria.
97. If you exert a force of 20 Newtons to push a desk 10 meters, how much work do you do on the desk?
A. 2 joules B. 30 joules C. 100 joules D. 200 joules
98. Body systems in humans include cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems that increase in complexity from one level to another. Which choice shows body parts arranged in decreasing order of complexity?
A. neuron, nerve, brain, nervous system B. nervous system, brain, nerve, neuron C. neuron, brain, nerve, nervous system D. nervous system, neuron, nerve, brain
99. An experiment generates heat, which is measured by the change from the initial to the final temperatures shown on the thermometers above. What is the change in temperature, in degrees Celsius, during the experiment? Record and bubble in your answer in the grid below.
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100. Children receive their 46 chromosomes from their parents. The genetic material in these chromosomes govern the children’s inherited traits. How many chromosomes do they receive from their mother?
Record your answer in the boxes below. Then fill in the bubbles. Be sure to use the correct place value.
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