· Web view2020. 8. 31. · Camel. Desert Fox. Structural adaptations. Behavioural adaptations. ... Use the word wheel below to explain why this improves the efficiency with which

BiologyKS4 Ecology Homework Booklet

Name: _________________________________________Class: _________________________________________Teacher: _______________________________________

Read the EC01 sections on your knowledge organisers before you begin.

Comprehension TaskMatch the keyword to the best definition

Community

A population of the same species of organism living in an ecosystem

A population of all the species of organisms living within an ecosystem

The combined population of a single species from a range of ecosystems

Interdependence

The competition between animals in a communityThe relationship between animals from neighbouring

communitiesThe relationship between species within a community

Ecosystem

The interaction with living and non-living elements between organisms in a community

The interaction of organisms with other living things in a community

The interaction of living organisms with non-living elements in a community

Stable community

Where the population of all organisms rises continually due to plenty of food

Where the population of primary consumers rises, and the population of producers falls

Where the population of plants rises because the population of primary consumers has dropped

Homework Task Due Date

Teacher Signature

EC01 CompetitionEC02 Adaptation in AnimalsEC03 Adaptation in PlantsEC04 Factors affecting communitiesEC05 Distribution and AbundanceEC06 Sampling Techniques Required PracticalEC07 Feeding RelationshipsEC08 Trophic Levels and Biomass (BIO ONLY)EC09 Transferring biomass (BIO ONLY)EC10 Making food production efficient (BIO ONLY)EC11 The Decay and Water cyclesEC12 The Carbon CycleEC13 Decay Required Practical (BIO ONLY)EC14 Global WarmingEC15 Impacts of the Human Population ExplosionEC16 PollutionEC17 Maintaining BiodiversityEC18 The Impact of Environmental Change (BIO ONLY)EC19 Factors Affecting Food Security (BIO ONLY)EC20 Sustainable Food Production (BIO ONLY)

EC01

Competition R A GWhat animals compete for and why. What plants compete for and why. What makes animals and plants successful competitors.

Comprehension TaskMatch the keyword to the best definition

Community

A population of the same species of organism living in an ecosystem

A population of all the species of organisms living within an ecosystem

The combined population of a single species from a range of ecosystems

Interdependence

The competition between animals in a communityThe relationship between animals from neighbouring

communitiesThe relationship between species within a community

Ecosystem

The interaction with living and non-living elements between organisms in a community

The interaction of organisms with other living things in a community

The interaction of living organisms with non-living elements in a community

Stable community

Where the population of all organisms rises continually due to plenty of food

Where the population of primary consumers rises, and the population of producers falls

Where the population of plants rises because the population of primary consumers has dropped

EC01 Exam Question Practice

Q1.The lynx is a wild cat which lives in Canada. The table shows the number of lynx trapped in a part of Canada in certain years.

YearNumber of lynxin thousands

1918 45

1920 25

1922 10

1924 20

1926 40

1928 50

The snowshoe hare is another wild animal found in Canada. The graph shows the number of snowshoe hares trapped in the same years. The lynx eats the snowshoe hare.

(a) Draw a graph of the data in the table. The first two points have been plotted for you.(2)

(b) From your graph, predict how many lynx were trapped in 1925.thousand

(1)

(c) Use the information to answer the following.(i) What would you expect to happen to the number of lynx trapped in 1930? Draw a ring around your answer.

rise fall stay the same(1)

(ii) Give a reason for your answer to part (c)(i). (1)

(d) The lynx is a predator. What is a predator?(1)

(Total 6 marks)Q2.The table shows the results of a ten-year study of the owls and voles in a forest.

The data for years 1 - 7 have been plotted on the grid below.

(a) Complete the graph by plotting the data for years 8 - 10.

(2)

(b) (i) What is the main factor which limits the size of the owl population?(1)

(ii) Suggest two reasons other than owl predation, for the large fall in the numbers of voles between years 5 and 6.

1.

2. (2)

(Total 5 marks)


Comprehension TaskChoose one of the following organisms then complete the table below by describing it’s adaptations

Polar Bear Camel Desert Fox

Structural adaptations Behavioural adaptations Physiological adaptations

EC02

Adaptation in Animals R A GSome of the ways in which animals are adapted to survive. That adaptations may be structural, behavioural, or mechanical. What makes an animal a successful competitor.


Q1.Some animals are adapted to survive in very cold conditions such as the Arctic.

Explain how the adaptations of Arctic animals help them to survive in cold conditions.

(Total 6 marks)

Q2.

(b) Figure 2 shows an angler fish.

© Dante Fenolio/Science Photo Library

Angler fish live at depths of over 1000 m.

In clear water, sunlight does not usually reach more than 100 m deep.Many angler fish have a transparent ‘lure’ containing a high concentration of bioluminescent bacteria.Bioluminescent bacteria produce light.

Suggest an advantage to the angler fish of having a lure containing bioluminescent bacteria.

(2)(Total 2 marks)


Comprehension TaskTrue or False? Why?

True False ReasonAll plants need to be adapted to store lots of waterAll plants need to be adapted to prevent water lossThe rate that plants lose

EC03

Adaptations in Plants R A GSome of the ways in which plants are adapted to survive. Why plants need to reduce water loss via transpiration and how they do this. What an extremophile is and be able to give examples of where they may live.

Comprehension TaskTrue or False? Why?

True False ReasonAll plants need to be adapted to store lots of waterAll plants need to be adapted to prevent water lossThe rate that plants lose

EC03 Exam Question PracticeQ1.Desert plants are adapted for survival in a dry climate.

(a) Joshua trees live in deserts.

By nyenyec [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons

Joshua trees have two different types of root:

• a system of shallow roots spread out over a large area• roots about 1 m in diameter, shaped like bulbs, deep in the soil.

Explain the advantage to the Joshua tree of having:

(i) shallow roots spread out over a large area

(2)

(ii) large, bulb-like roots deep in the soil.

(1)(Total 3 marks)

Q2.Plants have adaptations that help them to survive.

(a) Draw one line from each plant in List A to the adaptation that helps the plant to survive in List B.

Azalea: By Muffet [CC-BY-2.0] via Wikimedia Commons. Cactus: Ansel Adams [Public domain] via Wikimedia Commons.Fern: By Phyzome (Own work) [GFDL or CC-BY-SA-3.0], via Wikimedia Commons

(3)

(b) All organisms compete for resources to survive.

Give three factors plants compete for.

1.

2.

3. (3)

(Total 6 marks)

EC04

Factors Affecting Communities R A GThe abiotic and biotic factors that affect communities. What is meant by a stable community. The relationship between communities and ecosystems.

Comprehension TaskChoose one biotic factor and one abiotic factor. Now choose an organism. Describe in detail, how each factor affects the distribution of your organism.


Q1.Many biotic and abiotic factors can affect the growth of plants.

(a) Are the factors in Table 1 biotic or abiotic?

Tick one box for each factor.

Table 1

Factor Biotic Abiotic

Diseases

Herbivores

Temperature

Water

(2)

Two students investigated the effect of light intensity on the distribution of small plants.

The plants are growing under a tree in a park.

The students made the following hypothesis:

‘As you move outwards from a tree there will be more plant growth.’

(b) Explain why the students thought their hypothesis would be correct.(3)

Table 2 shows the results.

Table 2

Distance from tree in metres

0 2 4 6 8 10

Percentage cover of grass 15 50 35 16 15 15

Percentage cover of plantain 0 5 10 40 25 30

Percentage cover of daisy 0 0 0 4 20 10

Percentage cover of clover 1 10 25 40 40 45

Total percentage cover of plants 16 65 70 100 100 100

Light intensity in arbitrary units 37 59 150 175 >200 >200

(g) Which plant species in Table 2 will only grow at high light intensity?

(1)

(h) What conclusion can be made about the relationship between light intensity and the total percentage cover of plants?

Use data from Table 2 in your answer.

_

(2)

(i) Light intensity might not be the cause of this pattern of plant distribution.

Suggest one different factor that may cause these results.

Give one reason for your answer.

Factor

Reason (2)

(Total 10 marks)


Q1.Students used quadrats to estimate the population of dandelion plants on a field.

(a) Describe how quadrats should be used to estimate the number of dandelion plants in a field.

Read the EC05/06 sections on your knowledge organisers before you begin.

Comprehension TaskThe exam practice question described a group of students investigating the distribution of small plants growing near a tree.

Describe the method you would use to repeat this investigation using a transect line and quadrat. Think about how to make the data repeatable and reproducable.

EC05/06

Distribution and Abundance/Sampling Required Practical R A GHow to measure the distribution and abundance of living things in their natural environment.

How to calculate the mean, median and mode in order to interpret the data collected. How to measure the population size of a common species in a habitat. How to use sampling techniques to investigate the effect of a factor on the distribution of this species.

(4)(b) The field measured 40 m by 145 m.

The students used 0.25 m2 quadrats.The students found a mean of 0.42 dandelions per quadrat.Estimate the population of dandelions on the field.

Estimated population of dandelions = ______________(2)

(c) In one area of the field there is a lot of grass growing in the same area as dandelions.Suggest why the dandelions may not grow well in this area.

(4)(Total 10 marks)

Read the EC07 section on your knowledge organisers before you begin.

Comprehension Task

EC07

Feeding Relationships R A GThe importance of photosynthesis in feeding relationships. The main feeding relationships within a community. How the numbers of predators and prey in a community are related.


Q1.The diagram below shows a food web.

Comprehension Task

Press - - > without spaces to get an arrow like this (you’re welcome)

(a) What name is given to all the organisms together in an ecosystem?

Tick one box.

Community Habitat

Environment Population

(1)

(b) Give the name of one secondary consumer shown in the diagram above.

(1)

Algae can photosynthesise.

(c) Which word describes the algae in this food web?

Tick one box.

Consumer Prey

Predator Producer

(1)

(d) Explain why most algae are found near the surface of the sea, and not at greater depths.

(2)

(e) Toothed whales will compete with each other for food.

Suggest what else toothed whales might compete for.

(1)(Total 8 marks)

Q2.Moose are animals that eat grass.

(b) Figure 3 shows how the moose population and wolf population have changed in one area.

This is a predator-prey cycle.

Figure 3

In 2004 the line on Figure 3 for wolves is above the line for moose.How does Figure 3 show that there are more moose than wolves in 2004?

(1)(c) Suggest why the moose population decreased between 2002 and 2004.Use information from Figure 3.

(1)(Total 10 marks)

EC08/09 (BIO

ONLY)

Trophic Levels and Biomass/biomass transfers R A GThe differences between the trophic levels of organisms within an ecosystem. How energy and mass is transferred along a food chain and up trophic levels. How to construct and interpret pyramids of biomass. How much of the biomass from each trophic level is transferred to the next level. How biomass is lost by organisms at each stage of a food chain. How to calculate the efficiency of biomass transfers between trophic levels. How this affects the number of organisms at each trophic level.

Read the EC08/09 section on your knowledge organisers before you begin.

Comprehension Task

For the following organisms, circle the odd one out and give a reason

ReasonKrill Algae Leopard SealCod Orca KrillSeal Orca CodKrill Cod Seal

Fill in the gaps

The amounts of ______ and _______ contained in living things always gets less at each stage of a

food _______ from ________ onwards. Biomass is lost as ________ products and used to release

energy in _______. This is used for _______ and to control body __________. Only a small

amount is used for _________.

biomass temperature energy chain growth movement

producers respiration waste

EC08/09 Exam Question Practice

Q1.The diagram below shows a food chain in a river.

(b) The table below shows the biomass of the organisms at each stage in the food chain.

Organism Biomass in arbitrary units

Algae 840

Invertebrate animals 200

Small fish 40

Large fish 10

Calculate the percentage of the biomass of the invertebrate animals that is transferred to the large fish.

Use the equation:

Percentage = _________________(2)

(c) A large amount of biomass is lost from the food chain.Complete the sentences.Choose answers from the box.

coordination digestion excretion

filtration ingestion respiration

When the small fish eat the invertebrate animals, not all of this material isbroken down during _________________________ .Materials absorbed from the gut may enter the body cells of the small fish.These materials are broken down into carbon dioxide andwater by _________________________ .The carbon dioxide and other waste materials from the body cells are removedfrom the small fish by _________________________ .

(3)(d) A disease kills many of the small fish.

Why does the number of invertebrate animals increase?

(1)(Total 6 marks)

Q2.Students investigated a food chain in a garden.

lettuce → snail → thrush (bird)The students:• estimated the number of lettuce plants in the garden• estimated the number of snails feeding on the lettuces• counted two thrushes in the garden in 5 hours.

The table below shows the students’ results and calculations.

Organism Population size Mean mass of each

organismin g

Biomass of population

in g

Biomass from

previous organism

that is lost in g

Percentage of biomass lost

Lettuce 50 120.0 6000

Snail 200 2.5 500 5500 91

Thrush 2 85.0 170 330 66

(a) (i) Give two ways that biomass is lost along a food chain.

(2)(Total 7 marks)

EC10 (BIO ONLY)

Making Food Production Efficient R A GHow the length of a food chain links to efficient food production. How farmers can manage food production to reduce waste energy and therefore loss of biomass. The advantages and disadvantages of modern farming techniques.

Read the EC10 section on your knowledge organisers before you begin.

Comprehension TaskWould you eat insects? Using your knowledge of energy transfers in food chains, suggest why eating insects could increase our food production efficiency.

Hens are often caged. Use the word wheel below to explain why this improves the efficiency with which these hens produce eggs and meat.


Q1.It is important to conserve fish stocks.

Figure 1 shows a new type of fishing net and a traditional fishing net.

(a) (i) Describe how the new type of fishing net helps to conserve fish stocks.

(3)

(ii) Give one way, other than controlling nets, to reduce overfishing.

(1)

(b) Another way to make sure there is food for an increasing human population is to make food production more efficient.

Figure 2 shows how some cows are farmed.

© Dageldog/iStock

(i) Use information from Figure 2 to suggest two ways in which this type of farming reduces energy loss from the cows.

(2)

(ii) Give two reasons why some people disagree with farming cows in this way.

(2)(Total 8 marks)

1.

2.

EC11Decay and the Water Cycle R A G

How materials are recycled in a stable community. The importance of decay.

Read the EC10 section on your knowledge organisers before you begin.Comprehension Task1. Because, but, so.

Complete the following sentences, thinking carefully about giving appropriate information for the given statement

The decay cycle is a crucial part of an ecosystem because

The decay cycle is a crucial part of an ecosystem but

The decay cycle is a crucial part of an ecosystem so

2. Carbon and Nitrogen are key elements in the cycling of materials in an ecosystem. Discuss the importance of these two elements and why it is so important that these are part of the decay cycle.

EC11 Exam Question PracticeQ1.

Many farmers put pig manure on their crops to help the crops to grow as shown in the figure below.Pig manure contains carbon compounds. The carbon compounds are broken down during the process of decay.

(a) (i) What type of organism breaks down the carbon compounds in pig manure?

(1)(ii) The process of decay releases substances that are useful to crops.

Name two of these substances.Tick ( ) two boxes.

Carbon dioxide Nutrients

Light Oxygen

(2)(b) Pig manure contains seeds from other plants, such as weeds.

What effect might weeds have on how fast the farmers’ crops grow?

___________________________________________________________________

Give a reason for your answer.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(2)

(Total 5 marks)Q2.

In a woodland, bluebells grow well every year.

Each year the dead flowers and leaves of the bluebells and leaves from the trees fall onto the ground.The bluebells do not run out of mineral ions.

Explain why the bluebells do not run out of mineral ions.The words in the box may help you.

roots dead leaves mineral ions decay microorganisms

(Total 3 marks)

EC 1

2

Carbon Cycle R A G What the carbon cycle is. The processes that remove carbon dioxide from the

atmosphere and return it again.

Comprehension Task1. Photosynthesis, respiration and combustion are important process in the carbon cycle. Write

the word and balanced symbol equations for each. (For the combustion symbol equation, use ethane as the fuel (C2H6)

Photosynthesis word equation

Photosynthesis symbol equation

Respiration word equation

Respiration symbol equation

Combustion word equation

Combustion symbol equation

2. Explain how the natural carbon cycle has been changed since the industrial revolution of the early 19th Century


Q1.The figure below shows the carbon cycle.

Use the information from the figure above to answer the questions.

(a) In process A, carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is taken into plants.

What is process A?

Tick one box.

Evaporation Fossilisation Photosynthesis Respiration

(1)(b) In process B, carbon dioxide is released from plants and animals into the

atmosphere.What is process B? Tick one box.

Burning Respiration Feeding Photosynthesis

(1)(c) In which process is carbon passed from one organism to another? Tick one box.

A B C D

(1)(d) What will happen to the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere if lots of

trees are cut down?

(1)(e) Greenhouse gases cause global warming.

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.Name two other greenhouse gases.

(2)(f) When living organisms die the dead material decays and is broken down.

The process of decay returns carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.What type of organism causes decay?

(1)(Total 7 marks)

EC13 (BIO ONLY)

Rates of Decay Required Practical R A GHow to investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of decay of fresh milk by measuring the pH change.The factors that affect the rate of decay.How gardeners and farmers try to provide the optimum conditions for decay to make compost.

Comprehension Task

Find it and fix it. The following sentences are incorrect. Write the correct sentences in the spaces provided.

1. The following factors affect the rate of decay; Temperature, Carbon dioxide concentration, and pH.

2. The aerobic decay of matter produces methane gas as a product

3. The decay of dead plants and animals happens faster in a dry, cold environment.

4. Compost: the result of decayed plant and animals is deficient in minerals and nutrients and usually has additional chemicals added before it is used.


Q1.A scientist investigated the effect of oxygen concentration and temperature on the rate of decay of leaves in a container.(a) Name equipment that could be used to measure the temperature and the

concentration of oxygen in the container of leaves.(2)

(b) The results for oxygen concentration are shown in the graph.

Percentage (%) oxygen concentration supplied to leaves

(i) What was the rate of decay at an oxygen concentration of 5%?(1)

(ii) What conclusion can be made from the results shown in the graph?(1)

(c) Temperature can affect the rate of decay.The graph shows the rate of decay at different oxygen concentrations when the temperature was 20 °C.Draw a line on the graph to show the results you would expect at a temperature of 15 °C. (1)

(d) Complete the following sentences about decay processes.Materials are constantly cycled.

Dead organisms decay because they are broken down and digested by

The decay process releases substances. These substances help the growth of

Carbon dioxide is also released when dead organisms decay. Carbon dioxideis a waste product of

(3) (Total 8 marks)

Comprehension Task

Using the key words in the word wheel above, describe in detail, what the greenhouse effect is and how this has contributed to global warming.

EC14 Global Warming R A G What is meant by global warming. How global warming could affect life on Earth.


Q1.The figures below show the levels of carbon dioxide in air from 150 000 years ago.

TIME CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION

1500 years ago 270 parts per million

1800 AD 290 parts per million

1957 315 parts per million

1983 340 parts per million

(a) Explain why carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere are changing.(3)

(b) It is suggested that the increased level of carbon dioxide in the air is causing the atmosphere to warm up (the “Greenhouse Effect”).

Describe, as fully as you can, two major effects of global warming and how these may affect the human population.

(6)(Total 9 marks)

EC15

Impacts of the Human Population Explosion/Pollution

R A G

Some of the effects of the growth in human population on Earth and its’ resources.

How humans reduce the land available for other animals and plants.What is meant by deforestation and why it occurs.The environmental effects of destroying peat bogs.

EC16

How human activities can pollute the land.How human activities can pollute water.How human activities can pollute the air.The impact of pollution on plant and animals.

Comprehension TaskColour the following boxes using the key below (some boxes may be more than one colour)

Land/water pollution

Air pollutionDeforestation/peat

bog destruction

Reduction of global biodiversity

Less land available for wildlife

Increasing human population

Less land available for wildlife

More resources being used/more waste being

produced

Bioaccumulation of toxins

Eutrophication Soil contamination

Acid Rain

Smog

Increased Carbon Dioxide emissions

Reduced levels of photosynthesis

EC15/16 Exam Question Practice

Q1.Improving the quality of life for everyone without damaging the planet for the future is known as sustainable development.One problem is the rapid growth in the Earth’s population of humans during the last 500 years. This is shown by the graph.

(a) When the Earth’s population was much smaller, the effects of human activities on forests were usually small and local.In the past 500 years there has been large-scale deforestation in some areas. Give two reasons for this.

(2)

(b) Look at the bar chart. It shows the average amount of energy used by each person in one year in the USA, Japan and Bangladesh.

(i) Suggest one reason why so much more energy is used per person in the USA than in Bangladesh.(1)

(ii) Using a lot of resources for energy harms the Earth.Explain why. (2)

(c) As we are using more resources, waste management is becoming more important. In the UK much of the solid waste is still being dumped in landfill sites. In 1996, the UK government introduced a landfill tax because landfill sites were being used up. However, the year after the landfill tax was introduced it was estimated that 18 million tonnes of landfill waste was not reported. The government was trying to encourage other forms of waste management, such as:

• reduce waste• reuse waste• recycle waste

(i) Explain the main problem caused by the landfill tax.

(2)

(ii) Describe one example of how each of the different forms of waste management can be put into practice.

Reduce waste

Reuse waste

Recycle waste

(3)(Total 10 marks)

EC17

Maintaining Biodiversity R A GWhat biodiversity is. Why the loss of biodiversity matters.How waste, global warming and deforestation have an impact on biodiversity.Some of the ways people are trying to reduce the impact of human activities on ecosystems to maintain biodiversity.

Comprehension TaskThe good, the bad and the ugly…For the programmes below that are designed to maintain global biodiversity, state one advantage and one disadvantage for each programme.

Breeding programmes for endangered species

Protection of rare habitats

Reducing deforestation/CO2 emissions

Recycling

Advantage:

Disadvantage:

Advantage:

Disadvantage:

Advantage:

Disadvantage:

Advantage:

Disadvantage:


Q1.In many areas of the world the mass of household waste produced each year is increasing.

(a) Give two reasons why the mass of household waste is increasing each year.(2)

(b) The table below shows how the mass of household waste in the UK has changed from 2004 to 2012.

Year

Total mass ofhousehold waste inthousands of tonnes

(including totalhousehold recycling)

Total mass ofhousehold recycling

in thousands oftonnes

Percentage ofhousehold waste

recycled

2004 25 658 5785 22.5

2006 25 775 7976 30.9

2008 24 334 9398 38.6

2010 23 454 9733

2012 22 643 9782 43.2

(ii) The UK government has been encouraging a ‘zero waste economy’.

In a ‘zero waste economy’, we reduce, reuse and recycle as much waste as possible.

A newspaper concluded that: ‘The government’s ‘zero waste economy’ has been successful.’

Use information from the table to describe the reasons for and against the newspaper’s conclusion.

(4)(Total 6 marks)

Comprehension TaskThe good, the bad and the ugly…For the programmes below that are designed to maintain global biodiversity, state one advantage and one disadvantage for each programme.

Breeding programmes for endangered species

Protection of rare habitats

Reducing deforestation/CO2 emissions

Recycling

EC18

The Impact of Environmental Change R A GDifferent types of environmental changes.How to evaluate the effect of environmental changes on the distribution of organisms in an ecosystem.

Comprehension Task1. Identify the following as biotic or abiotic factors by putting a cross in the correct box

Factor Biotic AbioticLight intensity

Predators

CO2 concentration

Temperature

Food availability2. Decide if the following changes are seasonal, geographical or the result of human interaction

Change Seasonal Geographical Human interaction

Amount of rainfall

Soil pH

Atmosphere composition

Availability of water

Hours of daylight

Altitude

Acid rain

Migration

Temperature3. Organise the following depending on whether their impacts on the distribution of organisms is

positive or negative

Changes Positive NegativeGlobal warming/climate change

Reducing water pollution

Maintaining rainforests

The effects of acid rain on soil

Restricting access to sites of scientific interest

Pollution from farms/factories

Replanting hedgerows

EC18 Exam Question PracticeQ1. Lichens can be used as air pollution indicators.The graph below shows the number of lichen species found growing on walls and trees at increasing distances from a city centre.

Distance from city centre in km

(a) (i) How many species of lichen are found on walls 2 km from the city centre?

(1)

(ii) Describe the patterns in the data.

(3)

(b) The table below shows the concentration of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the air at different distances from the same city centre.

Distance from city centre in km

SO2 concentration in g per m3

0 200

3 160

8 110

13 85

18 65

Suggest how the data in the table could explain the patterns in the graph above. (2) (Total 6 marks)

EC19

Factors Affecting Food Security R A GWhat is meant by food security.Some of the factors that threaten global food security.Some potential solutions to problems of food security.

Comprehension TaskFind it and fix it. The following statements have mistakes in them. Re-write them in the boxes provided so that they are correct

Food security – Food security is having enough food to feed a family. An individual’s diet should consist mostly of imported foods to guarantee their diets are nutritionally balanced.

Birth/death rates – In many developed countries, the birth rate has continued to rise but the birth rate in developing countries has fallen because of poor medical care and malnutrition.

Changing diets – Because of the demand for new and interesting foods, many countries are now growing more of these crops to meet demand. This means there is plenty of those foods available for all.

The cost of agriculture – Scientific advances have meant that GM seeds, fertilisers and pesticides have become much more affordable even in developing countries. This has resulted in better crop yields despite difficult growing conditions such as drought or flooding.


Q1.Food security is when a population has enough food to stay healthy.Lack of food security is a global problem.One way to maintain food security is to increase the efficiency of food production.The diagram below shows how some pigs are farmed using intensive methods.

© Ingram Publishing/Thinkstock

(a) Some people think the farming methods shown in the diagram above are unethical.

Suggest two other possible disadvantages of intensive farming methods.

(2)

(b) Explain how the intensive farming of pigs increases the efficiency of food production.

(4)

(Total 6 marks)

1.

2.

EC20

Sustainable Food Production R A GWhat is meant by sustainable food production. How to conserve fish stocks and make fishing for food sustainable again. How fungi can be used to make a new type of food.How GM crops may help to meet the food demands of the growing human population.

Comprehension TaskUsing the diagram and list of key words below, describe how a fusarium is used to produce mycoprotein

Key Words

Glucose syrup

Fermenter

Aerobic conditions

Purified

Reproduce

Sustainable

EC20 Exam Question PracticeQ1.

Herring are a type of fish found in the North Sea. Herring are caught using nets which are pulled by large boats.The herring population in the North Sea has changed a lot in recent years. The graph shows the estimated biomass of herring in the North Sea between 1965 and 2010.

Year

(a) Suggest why the biomass can only be estimated.

Tick ( ) one box.

Scientists are not properly trained.

There are too many different types of fish in the sea.

It is impossible to weigh all the herring in the sea.

(1)

(b) (i) Describe the pattern shown in the graph from 1978 to 1983.(1)

(ii) Suggest a reason for the pattern you have described in part (b) (i).(1)

(c) In 1996 the Government brought in strict rules to help to conserve fish stocks.

(iii) Why should fish stocks be kept above a certain minimum level?(1)

Comprehension TaskUsing the diagram and list of key words below, describe how a fusarium is used to produce mycoprotein

(iv) The Government did not introduce rules about the amount of herring caught until 1977.

This was in response to a dramatic decrease in herring stocks.

What was the percentage decrease in herring stocks between 1965 and 1977?

Percentage decrease = _______________(2)

(d) Herring migrate to feed and spawn (lay eggs).

The eggs normally take about 3 weeks to hatch at 12 °C.

If the temperature of the water is higher the eggs will hatch more quickly.

But, if the temperature of the water is above 19 °C, the eggs will die.

Other fish, such as cod, feed on herring.

Suggest how climate change could affect North Sea fish.

(4)(Total 14 marks)

Documents

· Web view2020. 8. 31. · Camel. Desert Fox. Structural adaptations. Behavioural adaptations. ... Use the word wheel below to explain why this improves the efficiency with which