Name: __________________________________________Date: ________________ Saunders/Mrs. McNerneyUS History/_______

Do Now: What is the term that describes the U.S. feelings that they had the right to possess the entire North American Continent in the early 1800’s? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Unit 8: Westward Expansion

Manifest Destiny

· Term used by a newspaper that stated that the United States would expand from the _______________________________ Ocean to the ____________________________Ocean

· Many Americans thought it was _____________________________________________ by God

· Reasons for moving west

· To gain ________________

· Make ________________________

· Destroy the __________________________

· There were new ways to travel west

· Roads          

· Canals

· The building of a __________________________________________________________________

Lands annexed from 1783-1853

· Louisiana Purchase (1803)

· Doubled the nations size for 15 million from France

· Florida (1819)

· The Adams-Onis Treaty with ______________________

· US get Florida and in return we give up claims on ___________________________

· Texas (1845)

· Mexico declares ______________________________________ in 1821

· Treaty with Spain for Florida is _______________

· Southern Slave holders move into Texas

· Mexico has ___________________________ slavery

· Texans ______________________ in 1836

· Is a country for 9 years but has _________________________________ trouble

· Is ___________________________________ into the US in 1845

· Oregon Territory (1846)

· Agreement with Great Britain to split Oregon territory at ______________________________________

· Becomes the states of Oregon, Washington, and _____________________

· Parts of _________________________________ and Montana

· Mexican Cession (1848)

· The land was part of the land gained during the ________________________________________

· The US and Mexico went to war because

· Mexico was upset over US _____________________________________ of Texas

· Mexico was afraid that US wanted other ________________________________________________

· The final treaty gave the US the land of

· Modern day states of ___________________________________, Nevada, Utah, Arizona

· Parts of Colorado, New Mexico and ____________________________________

· The US paid 15 million

· Gadsden Purchase (1853)

· Small strip of land in ______________________________ Arizona and New Mexico

· US Pays 10 million dollars to ___________________________

· Some say this was to help pay for the ___________________________________________________

The impact of Manifest Destiny

· Political

· From 1840-1850 politicians stated they were for ______________________________________________

· Many were elected under this ___________________

· Including President _______________________

· Economic

· With new land came more ___________________________

· These settlers needed ___________________________and supplies

· Some of the most famous businesses are created during this time

· Jeans and ______________________________

· Meats with ___________________________________

· In 1848 ___________________ was discovered in California

· This attracted many starting in the year 1849 and these settlers are called ___________________

· Social

· Whites continue to take ________________________________________________________ land

· There is no regard for any other ___________________________

· Mexicans are considered ___________________________ citizens

· __________________________________ are brought to build the railroads

· Are treated ________________________

· Whites think they are best culture which is called _________________________________

Classwork:

Geographical Reasoning 

Manifest Destiny & Westward Expansion 

Brain Dump / Geographical Reasoning - Context: 

1. Why did colonists first establish settlements along the EAST coast of the United States? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Geographical Reasoning: Context Watch THIS VIDEO (Schoolhouse Rock: Elbow Room).  Answer the analysis questions below based on the lyrics.  

1. According to the video, why did Americans need more “Elbow Room”? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. At around 1:48, the song goes “The way was opened up for folks with bravery, There were plenty of fights, To win land rights, But the West was meant to be; It was our Manifest Destiny!”  Based on these lyrics, clues from the song, or images in the video, what do you think the phrase “Manifest Destiny” means? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Geographical Reasoning: Using the prompts below, complete and label the map of the United States of America.  

1. The thirteen original colonies/original states of the United States were:  Massachusetts (including present day Maine), New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York (including present day Vermont), New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia.  Label them each with the number 13. 

2. The United States of America acquired the lands that would become Ohio, West Virginia, Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Michigan from the Treaty of Paris signed in 1783 with England after the American Revolution.  Label EACH of these states with the year 1783. 

3. The Louisiana Purchase, signed in 1803, would nearly double the size of the United States.  The lands acquired through the Louisiana Purchase included territories that would become the following states: Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado.  Label EACH of these states with “LP”.  

4. Florida was ceded to the United States in 1819 from Spain in the Adams-Onis Treaty.  Label this state “1819’.  

5. Oregon Country was ceded to the United States in 1846 by England.  Label the Oregon Territory “1846”.  

6. Texas declared independence from Mexico in 1836.  Texas agreed to be annexed by the United States in 1845.  Label Texas 1845. 

7. The annexation of Texas resulted in the Mexican American War (1845-1848).  The United States victory in the war resulted in the Mexican Cession of lands that would become Utah, New Mexico, Nevada, Arizona, and California.  Label EACH of these states - “1848”. 

Geographical Reasoning: Analysis 

1. What do you notice about the direction (north, east, south, or west) in which the United States expanded? 

2. How long did it take for the United States to expand from the east coast to the west coast? 

3. How did the United States acquire most of its land, through diplomacy (treaties, agreements, or negotiations), or through war?   

4. How does this map illustrate the effects of the concept of Manifest Destiny? 

Lyrics to Elbow Room 

One thing you will discover

When you get next to one another

Is everybody needs some elbow room, elbow room.

It's nice when you're kinda cozy, but

Not when you're tangled nose to nosey, oh,

Everybody needs some elbow, needs a little elbow room.

That's how it was in the early days of the U.S.A.,

The people kept coming to settle though

The east was the only place there was to go.

The president was Thomas Jefferson

He made a deal with Napoleon.

How'd you like to sell a mile or two, (Or three, or a hundred, or a thousand?)

And so, in 1803 the Louisiana Territory was sold to us

Without a fuss

And gave us lots of elbow room.

Oh, elbow room, elbow room,

Got to, got to get us some elbow room.

It's the west or bust,

In God we trust.

There's a new land out there...

Lewis and Clark volunteered to go,

Goodbye, good luck, wear your overcoat!

They prepared for good times and for bad (and for bad),

They hired Sacagawea to be their guide.

She led them all across the countryside.

Reached the coast

And found the most

Elbow room we've ever had.

The way was opened up for folks with bravery.

There were plenty of fights

To win land rights,

But the West was meant to be;

It was our Manifest Destiny!

The trappers, traders, and the peddlers,

The politicians, and the settlers,

They got there by any way they could. (Any way they could).

The Gold Rush trampled down the wilderness,

The railroads spread across from east to west,

And soon the West was opened up for - opened up for good.

And now we jet from east to west.

Goodbye New York, hello L.A.,

But it took those early folks to open up the way.

Now we've got a lot of room to be

Growing from sea to shining sea.

Guess that we have got our elbow room (elbow room)

But if there should ever come a time

When we're crowded up together, I'm

Sure we'll find some elbow room...up on the moon!

Oh, elbow room, elbow room.

Got to, got to get us some elbow room.

It's the moon or bust,

In God we trust.

There's a new land up there!

Vocabulary 

Thomas Jefferson - 3rd president of the United States 

Napoleon - French military and political leader 

Louisiana Territory - lands that became the Louisiana Purchase 

Lewis & Clark - Explorers & scientists that President Jefferson sent to explore the Louisiana Territory 

Sacagawea - Native American woman who helped Lewis & Clark 

Gold Rush - California Gold Rush from 1848 to 1885, many immigrated to California in search of gold and riches 

Name: _________________________________________Date: _____________ Saunders/Mrs. McNerneyUS History/__________

Westward Expansion: Notes 2

Close Read: Texas Annexation   

CR

Objective

What were the arguments for and against the annexation of Texas?

Directions: Read the timeline below. Analyze the content of the timeline by answering the three questions below.

Path to Texas Independence

1820

1828

1830

1835

1836

1837

Mexico wins independence from Spain

Moses Austin & Stephen F. Austin obtain a land grant from the Mexican gov’t - they settle in Texas with 300 American families

Tension erupts between the Mexican government and the American settlers over slavery (American settlers brought African American slaves to Texas - even though slavery was banned in Mexico)

Mexico, fed up with the American settlers continuing to keep slaves, bans American immigration into Mexico / Texas

Mexico encourages Mexicans and Europeans to settle in Texas

Texas Revolution begins

Texas declares independence from Mexico

Mexicans launch a deadly attack on Texans at the Alamo

Battle of San Jacinto: Texans secure independence, become the Republic of Texas

US Recognizes the Republic of Texas as a free nation (last act of the Jackson Presidency)

1. Why did tension develop between the Mexican government and American settlers in Texas in 1828? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. When did Texas become independent from Mexico? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Predict: Texas applied to be annexed (acquired) by the United States in 1837.  

a. To what extent do you think that the annexation of Texas would impact the abolition movement and slavery/expansion debate in the United States in the 1830’s? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b. To what extent would the annexation of Texas further the US policy of manifest destiny? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Directions: Read the attached documents 1 - 6.  Identify at least three arguments for the annexation of Texas and document them in the table to the left.  Identify at least three arguments against the annexation of Texas and document in the table to the right.  Cite evidence from the documents to support the claims you make about the arguments for or against annexation.  

Arguments for the Annexation of Texas

Arguments against Annexation of Texas

Argument

Evidence

Argument

Evidence

Document 1: Henry Clay - Letter Published in the National Intelligencer April 27th, 1844

“I consider the annexation of Texas, at this time, without the consent of Mexico, as a measure compromising the national character; involving us certainly in a war with Mexico and probably other foreign powers that are allies of Mexico, dangerous to the integrity [trustworthiness] of the Union; not practical in the present financial condition of the country…. It is estimated that Texas has a debt of  $10,000,000 - if we are absorb Texas, we are to absorb that debt, which we can not afford...”

Document 2: Sam Houston - Letter from Sam Houston to Andrew Jackson February 16th,1844

“So far as I am concerned….I am determined upon immediate annexation of Texas to the United States...Mexico might make a cause of war, and inflict violence upon us. It might be time before proper aid from the United States would be available for our defense against this; such an incident would interrupt our citizens in their peaceful existence…. I have no desire to see war renewed again in Texas, to save Texas from more bloodshed, we must annex ourselves to the United States...”

Document 3: John Calhoun - Letter to W.R. King August 12th, 1844 (Printed publically)

“It is impossible to cast a look at the map of the United States and Texas ….and then take into consideration the extraordinary increase of population and growth of the former, and the source from which the later must derive its inhabitants, institutions and laws, without coming to the conclusion that it is their destiny to be united, and of course, that annexation is merely a question of time and mode...It is our destiny to occupy that vast region; to intersect it with roads and canals; to fill it with cities, towns, villages, and farms; to extend over it our religion, customs, constitution and laws; and to present it as a peaceful and splendid addition to the domains of commerce and civilization.  It is our policy to increase, by rowing and spreading out into unoccupied regions, assimilating all we incorporate; in a word, to increase by accretion, and not through conquest…”

Document 4: Stephen A. Douglas - Speech of Stephen A. Douglas in the House of Representatives, January 6th, 1845

“Without dwelling upon the numerous advantages that would attend the annexation of Texas, in stimulating the industry of the whole country; in opening new markets for the manufacturers of the North and East; in bringing in the waters of the Red River, the Arkansas River, and other streams flowing into the Mississippi... in growing the political power of the United States; in securing safer and more natural boundaries, and avoiding the danger of collisions with foreign power - without dwelling upon these and other considerations, appealing to our interest and pride as a people and a nation it Is sufficient argument to me that our honor and faith require the immediate annexation of Texas to the Union.”

Document 5: Central Clay Club of Northampton County - pamphlet in support of Henry Clay October 18th, 1844

“Pennsylvania has to fight against the dishonest annexation of Texas, the extension of representation and slavery to a foreign people brought into our union to weigh down the free state votes of the north in congress, giving a larger voice to slaveholders …to annex Texas would imbalance congress and violate the compromises we have worked so hard to make...”

Document 6: Charles Hudson - Massachusetts Congressman Speech in the House of Representatives, January 20th, 1845

“...Congress has the power to admit states into the Union, this is true.  The gentleman from Illinois (Stephen A. Douglas) has said further here not two weeks ago that under the “necessary and proper” clause, we can annex the nation of Texas. I find this to be preposterous! This is not based on sound reasoning.  Does it follow that because a power is granted to Congress, that they have the authority to exercise that power in any manner they please, regardless of the laws of the nation? ….At the time when the Constitution was formed, we were in possession of the Northwest Territory, which we held as per a treaty we signed with England...we have signed no treaty with Mexico nor with Spain over the ownership of the lands we call Texas… it is unconstitutional if we annex these lands…”

Name: _________________________________________Date: _____________ Saunders/Mrs. McNerneyUS History/__________

Do Now: Do you think new states being added to the Union had a choice on whether they allowed slavery or not? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Westward Expansion: Notes 3

The slavery question and Manifest Destiny

· As the US moves _________________________ the question of slavery creates even more ____________________________________.

· Northern view:

· That _______________________ should _____________ be in the ________________________________.

· _________________________ for this belief.

· Declaration of Independence declared all __________ are created _______________________.

· In the _________________ it stated that slavery was wrong.

· Southern View:

· _________________________ was part of the ___________________________ way of ______________.

· Reasons for this _______________________.

· Slavery was __________________________ by the ________________________________.

· Without slavery the ________________________ of cotton will go _______________.

Trying to solve the Slavery Question

· Missouri Compromise (1820)

· There needs to be a __________________________ of states coming into the ______________________.

· _________________________ wants to enter the Union as a ___________________ state.

· ______________________ demands that ______________________ enter as a _______________ state.

· This will keep the balance of slave and non-slave states at 12.

· All ________________ states will enter the union based on whether they ____________________ or below the ____________________________ North Latitude.

The Compromise of 1850

· ___________________________ wanted to enter the union after its ______________________________ population increase, but the state wanted to enter as a ______________________ state

· The only ______________________________ there was no other state to ___________________ that would keep the slave and non-slave states ________________________________.

· Finally a ______________________________ was offered by Henry ___________________.

· ____________________________ would enter as a ___________________ state.

· Fugitive Slave Act

· Required that all ______________________________ slaves returned to their owners.

· This meant all _____________________________ had to do this, even _________________________________.

· People would receive ___________________________.

· _________________________ received money to send _____________________ back.

· Popular Sovereignty

· In coming states could ____________________ on slavery issue.

· This was to be all __________________ in the _____________________________________ Cession.

· The slave ____________________ would be _______________________________ in Washington DC.

· Allowed the _________________________ to be seen in a _____________________________ light.

Reaction to the Compromise of 1850

· ___________________________________ of both sections:

· The _________________________

· __________________________ the _________________________ Slave Act.

· Was OK with _________________________________________________________ and California admission.

· Liked ___________________ on slave trade in ___________________________________.

· The South _________________________ the Fugitive _________________________ Act.

· Was OK with Popular Sovereignty and _______________________________ admission.

· Was OK with slave trade __________________ in DC because slavery was still __________________________ in the area.

Compromises: Slavery & Expansion

As the United States began to expand its borders and convert territories into new states, the debate over slavery became front and center in American politics.  In order to balance tension between the states over the controversial issue of slavery and representation in the legislative branch of American Government, the US Congress passed a number of bills that attempted to balance the number of free states and slave states in the nation.  Amongst these bills were the Compromise of 1820 (Missouri Compromise), the Compromise of 1850, and the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

Classwork: Directions: Below are a series of two graphic organizers that allow you to examine the two major compromises regarding the institution of slavery & expansion of the United States. First, annotate the causes listed below in the graphic organizers; explain how each of the items listed served as causes of the compromise being studied. Second, fill out the effects box, and explain the effects of each of the compromises.

Missouri Compromise – Compromise of 1820

Cause Effect

                                                     

Missouri

Compromise

              

Compromise of 1850

Cause  Effect

Compromise

Of 1850

Name: __________________________________________Date: ____________ Saunders/Mrs. McNerneyUS History/__________

Do Now: Is there any cause that both the Missouri Compromise and Compromise of 1850 have in common? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Westward Expansion: Notes 4

The Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

· Stated that _______________________ incoming states were to use __________________________________________.

· The __________________________ was that both states were __________________ the 36 ۫  30’ line.

· This act then __________________________ the Missouri Compromise of 1820.

· Bleeding Kansas

· When both _________________________________ and _________________________ groups send people to Kansas to __________________.

· These forces _____________________ and make Kansas a ___________________________ zone.

· In the end each ___________________________ its own ________________________________.

· Each ________________________________ it the true ________________________________.

· Again there is more ______________________ shed.

Reaction to the Compromises

· ____________________________ side is never ____________________________.

· _______________________ the North and South want it to be their ________________.

· With each _____________________________________ the frustration increases.

· With this frustration comes ______________________________ in the US Senate.

· Senator Charles Sumner of ___________________________________ gives a speech ___________________________ slavery and especially a ____________________________ from SC.

· The next day Preston Brooks the _______________________ of the SC Senator comes in and beats Sumner with a _____________________.

· In the coming weeks Brooks _______________________________ many canes in the mail from _________________________________.

· _________________________________ said this showed how ____________________ the south really was.

Classwork: Below is a graphic organizers that allow you to examine the Kansas-Nebraska Act regarding the institution of slavery & expansion of the United States. First, annotate the causes listed below in the graphic organizer; explain how each of the items listed served as causes of the compromise being studied. Second, fill out the effect box, and explain the effect of each of the compromise.

Kansas Nebraska Act (1854)

Cause      Effect

         Kansas

Nebraska

Act

Analysis Questions:  Based the answers to the analysis questions on Westward Expansion: Growing a Nation Notes 7, 8 and 9.

1. Are there any causes or effects that you see repeatedly? What are they? What does this indicate to you? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. If you had to define the relationship between the Missouri Compromise, the Compromise of 1850, and the Kansas Nebraska Act - how would you define or describe the relationship? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Name: ______________________________________Date: _____________ Saunders/Mrs. McNerneyUS/_______________

Do Now: What was the Kansas and Nebraska Act? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Westward Expansion: Notes 5

The Push & Pull of Sectionalism & Nationalism

The North and the South emerged into two distinct regions early in American history. The physical geography of two regions was quite diverse. The North was covered in hills and contained rocky soil. The growing season was relatively short and the weather was unpredictable. The South was covered in rolling plains that contained fertile soil. The growing season was much longer and the region had warmer temperatures throughout the year. Manufacturing became the dominate force in the northern economy and agriculture became the center of the southern economy. At times, these differences complemented each other. For example, the South grew cotton which was transformed into useable cloth in northern textile mills. At other times these economic differences created tension between the two regions. The early history of the United States is marked by events that brought the nation closer together and events that split the country apart.

The Splintering of the Nation

Many events that occurred in the early to mid 1800s threatened to tear our nation apart. The North and the South often favored their own sectional interests over the interests of the whole nation. In 1816 Congress issued a protective tariff. The tariff, which placed a tax on all imported goods, was intended to encourage Americans to buy goods made in the United States (because goods made in foreign countries would be more expensive due to the tax). Northerners benefited directly from the tariff because most American goods were being manufactured in northern factories. European nations were upset by the tariff when sales of their products began to decline. European countries began buying fewer crops from the South as a form of protest. Southerners were outraged by the protective tariff because it was hurting their region’s economy.

Southerners wanted the tariffs to be revoked, but the federal government believed that they were necessary (and the federal government was benefiting from the increase in money it got from the import tax). John C. Calhoun of South Carolina proposed the doctrine of nullification. The doctrine of nullification was a political belief that states had the right to nullify (ban) any federal law that it considered unconstitutional. The doctrine of nullification did not help to bring the country together. Instead it encouraged states to pursue their own economic and political interests.

In 1824 regional differences led to a fierce fight over the presidency. The Democratic-Republican Party split apart. The South backed William Crawford as their candidate and westerners supported Henry Clay and Andrew Jackson. People from the North supported John Quincy Adams. Jackson won a majority of the popular votes, but none of the candidates secured enough electoral votes to be declared the winner. As prescribed by the U.S. Constitution, the House of Representatives selected the next president of the United States. They named John Quincy Adams as the sixth president of the United States. The election of 1824 increased the sectional tensions that existed in the United States.

It’s All Coming Together

The early to mid 1800s is marked by a number of events that increased feelings of nationalism, which helped to unify the country. In 1816, the United States’ Congress set up the second Bank of the United States. The bank helped to promote a single currency that would be used by all states. Using a single form of money helped make trading between the states easier which resulted in an increase in nationalism. In 1825, the construction of the Erie Canal came to a close. The new canal helped to connect the western portion of the United States to the eastern states. This allowed the states to trade with each other much easier. Connecting the economies of these two regions promoted nationalism.

In 1823, James Monroe, the fifth President of the United States, issued a

statement that became known as the Monroe Doctrine. Monroe said that the

Americas were closed to further colonization. He warned European nations that

attempting to establish colonies in the western hemisphere would be dangerous

to their safety. Making this declaration of power to Europe, Monroe helped to

promote patriotism and helped to unify the nation.

Even issues that divided the country occasionally resulted in compromise.

The North and the South were deeply divided over the issue of slavery. This was

evident during the Constitutional Conventions when the two regions disagreed

over how slaves should be counted for purposes of taxation and representation in government. In 1820, when Missouri applied for statehood, it threatened to throw off the balance of power that existed in Congress between the slave and free states (11 of each existed at the time). Henry Clay, developed a compromise to help ease tensions between the two regions. Clay’s Missouri Compromise proposed that Missouri be admitted to the Union as a slave state and Maine be admitted as a free state, thereby maintaining the balance of power in Congress. The Missouri Compromise helped to bring the country back together.

What do you think the word evident means based on the context in which the word is used in the sentence above? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Sectionalism & Nationalism:

Reflection Questions

Directions: Use the “Push & Pull of Sectionalism & Nationalism handout to answer the following questions.

1. Identify the main factor that caused the economies of the North and South to develop differently (according to the text). _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Briefly explain how that factor of the North & South resulted in the two regions developing different economies. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Briefly describe the protective tariffs of 1816. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Briefly explain how the protective tariffs helped the North and hurt the South.

5. The tariffs helped the North because: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. The tariffs hurt the South because: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Describe the doctrine of nullification? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Briefly explain how the election of 1824 proved that are country was not totally unified at that time (i.e. how is the election an example of sectionalism). ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. True or False. Before the Bank of the United States was formed, not all states used the same form of currency (money). ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10. Explain how the Bank of the United States promoted nationalism in our country. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

11. Briefly explain how the Erie Canal brought the West and the East closer together (i.e. nationalism). ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

12. Describe the Monroe Doctrine. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

13. Explain how the Monroe Doctrine promoted nationalism. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

14. According to the text did the issue of slavery divide or unite the country? Explain your response using evidence from the text. Your response should include a brief description of the Missouri Compromise and an explanation of how it is an example of sectionalism or nationalism. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________