Science Batch H-1

Word: Prove證明Word ID: 800001Strand: 1Topic: [Scientific Methods][Science Issues][科學方法][科學議題]Used: [SH1][SH6]

Box 1:ProveLatisha said that she could prove that Earth rotates around the sun.Latisha說他可以證明地球繞著太陽轉What does prove mean?證明的意思是什麼To show that something is true證明某物是真實的To explain what you think解釋你所想的是什麼To search for information搜尋資訊Box 3:When you are trying to prove something, you are trying to show that something is as you say or claim. Scientists conduct experiments and gather information in order to prove things. For example, the changing positions of the stars in the sky help scientists to prove that Earth rotates around the sun.當你試著證明某件事時，你正試著展現某件事就如同你所說或宣稱的。科學家做實驗和收集資料為了證明事件。舉例來說，星星在天空上改變的位置可以幫助科學家證明地球繞著太陽轉。Lawyers try to prove things to judges or a jury. In this photo, the lawyers are trying to prove their case to nine judges.律師試著像法官及陪審團證明他的觀點。在這張圖片中，律師試著向九位陪審團證明他的案件。

Photo provided courtesy of Wikimedia Commons/Torax

Box 5:Which of the following would be the best way for Tia to prove to her friends that she has visited the children's museum?下列哪一個當 Tia向他朋友證明她已經拜訪過兒童的博物館最好的方式？A Tell her friends that she was there告訴他的朋友她曾經在那B Explain to her friends where the museum is告訴他的朋友博物館在哪裡C Show her friends the admission ticket from the museum展示博物館的入場券D Tell her friends some things that are at the museum告訴他朋友她在博物館的一些事Box 8:Well done! Your answer is correct.做的好！你答對了。The correct answer is C: Show her friends the admission ticket from the museum正確答案是 C: 展示博物館的入場券Box 12:You can prove to someone how old you are by showing him or her your birth certificate.你可以用出生證明向某人證明你的年紀多大Word: Dependent依賴Word ID: 800003Strand: 1Topic: [Experimenting][Heredity][實驗][遺傳]Used: [SH1]

Box 1:DependentEarth's temperature is dependent on how hot the sun is.地球的溫度是根據太陽有多熱What does it mean to be dependent?依變項是什麼意思？To be controlled or effected by something else被其他事物控制或影響To change without any help from anything不需要任何幫助就能改變任何事物To stay the same when other things change當其他事物改變時，沒有任何改變Box 3:To be dependent means to be controlled or affected by something. Another word that means almost the same as dependent is rely.依變項意思是被其他事物所影響或控制。另一個意思幾乎與依賴相同Living things are dependent on many things for their survival. Plants are dependent on the right amount of sun and water. Animals are dependent on food sources and shelter that will protect them and keep them safe.生物是靠著其他的物體生存的。植物是依靠大量的陽光和水生存的。動物是依靠食物的資源和保護他們安全的洞穴生存下來的。Box 5:In which sentence is the word dependent used correctly?下列哪個句子使用依變項是正確的?A People are dependent on food to grow and live.人們依靠食物成長和生存B The ocean is dependent on the ships that travel on it.海洋是依靠航行的船C The girl was dependent on her room staying clean.這女孩依靠她乾淨的房間D Light is dependent on darkness.光明是依靠黑暗的Box 8:Way to go! Your answer is correct.厲害！你答對了。The correct answer is A: People are dependent on food to grow and live.正確答案是 A: 人們依靠食物成長和生存Box 12:Animals are dependent on food and shelter for their survival. Plants are dependent on water and sunlight.動物依靠食物和洞穴生存。植物依靠水或陽光。Word: Nervous System

神經系統Word ID: 800005Strand: 3Topic: [Nervous system][神經系統]Used: [SH3]

Box 1:Nervous SystemMarco learned about the nervous system in his science class.Marco學習在科學課上學到有關神經系統的訊息。What is the nervous system?什麼是神經系統？The collection of bones and muscles that allow you to walk骨頭和肌肉的連結使你能走路A pathway that sends messages to different parts of your body一個發送訊息到不同部位的管道。The way your heart moves blood through your body 你的心臟讓血液流通全身的方式Box 3:The nervous system is the system in your body that is made up of the brain, spinal cord, and nerve cells. The nervous system is responsible for receiving and sending messages back and forth between your body and brain. The central nervous system is your brain and spinal cord. They are the "hub" of your body, where all the messages are sent and received.Here is a picture of the human nervous system.神經系統是一種身體中的系統，是由大腦、脊柱和神經元構成的。神經系統是對接收與發送訊息到身體與大腦間的來回有所反應的。他們是你身體的中心，那裡有所有被送出及接收的訊息。下面是人類身體身體的神經系統。The nervous system controls everything that your body does. When you walk, your brain sends messages to your legs and feet through the nervous system. The nervous system also takes information from your nose to your brain so that you recognize different smells such as grass and freshly baked cookies.神經系統控制你身體的每件事。當你走路時你的大腦透過神經系統發送訊息到你的腿與腳。神經系統從你的鼻子獲取訊息到你大腦讓你可以辨認不同的氣味就像是草地與新鮮的烤麵包。

Image provided courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

Box 5:Which of the following is not a main part of the nervous system?下列哪一項不是神經系統中主要的部分？A Brain腦B Spinal cord脊柱C Nerves神經D Stomach

胃Box 8:Well done! Your answer is correct.做的好！你答對了The correct answer is D: Stomach正確答案是 D:胃Box 12:When you touch something hot, your nervous system tells your brain it is hot and also tells the muscles in your body to move your hand.當你接觸到熱的東西時，你的神經系統告知你的大腦那是熱的也告知你的身體的肌肉把手移開。

Word: Speed速度Word ID: 800006Strand: 1Topic: [Measuring][Force & Motion][衡量] [力與動]Used: [SH1][SH2]

Box 1:SpeedThe speed limit on most highways is 55 miles per hour.大部分高速公路的限速是一小時 55 英哩What is meant by speed?速度的意思是什麼？The rate of motion in distance per unit time每單位時間距離移動的速度The time it takes to move between two points兩點間距離移動的時間The distance something travels between two points兩點間的移動距離Box 3:Speed is a measure of the rate of motion. The speed at which something travels tells you how far it moves in a set amount of time. Speed is calculated by dividing the distance something travels by the time it takes to travel that distance.速度是一種衡量移動的速率。速度可以告訴你在某段時間中物體移動了多遠。速度的計算是物體移動的距離除與物體移動的時間。In the United States, the speed of a car is measured in terms of how many miles the car can travel in one hour. In most other countries, speed is measured by how many kilometers something travels in one hour.在美國，車子的速度是以一個小時跑了多少英哩。大部分其他的城市，速度是以一小時跑了多少公里計算的。

Photo provided courtesy of Wikimedia Commons/Mark McArdle

Box 5:Rosa wants to calculate the average speed at which an airplane travels.Rosa 想要計算飛機的平均飛行速度？What information does Rosa need to know?什麼資訊 Rosa應該要知道？A How far the plane travels between two points飛機在兩點之間的飛行多遠B How long it takes for the plane to travel between two points在兩點之間飛機要飛行多久C Both A and B兩者皆是D None of the above以上皆非Box 8:Well done! Your answer is correct.做的好！你答對了The correct answer is C: Both A and B正確答案是 C: 兩者皆是Box 12:Speed is often measured in miles per hour (mph) or in kilometers per hour (km/h).速度通常以每小時多少英哩或每小時多少公里計算Word: Abiotic非生物的Word ID: 800013Strand: 3Topic: [Ecosystems][生態系統]

Used: [SH3]

Box 1:AbioticDominic just learned how abiotic factors affect the living organisms in a certain environment.Dominic 剛學會非生物的因素在特地的環境如何影響有機體What does abiotic mean?什麼是非生物的意思?The most common organism in an environment環境中最多的有機體A non-living component of the environment環境中沒有生命的結構A living component of the environment環境中有生命的結構Box 3:An abiotic factor is a component of the environment that is not living. These components of the environment have a major effect on the things that live there.非生物因素是環境中無生命的組成物。這些環境的組成物是主要影響生長在那的有機體。Some examples of abiotic factors are temperature, humidity, wind, precipitation, soil, light, and pollution. These factors determine whether living organisms can survive in particular environments. For example, plants have a particular temperature range in which they can survive.一些非生物因素的例子是溫度、濕度、風、冰雹、土、光和污染。這些因素決定了有機體是否可以生存在特定的環境。舉例來說，植物生長有特定的溫度範圍。Box 5:Which of the following statements tells you the most about an abiotic factor?下列哪個敘述是有關非生物因素最多？A Grey squirrels are very common in the forest.灰色松鼠在森林中是非常普遍的B The forest is dominated by pine trees.森林中的最大種是松樹C Geese stop at the pond during their migration ever year.在每年遷徙的期間中，鵝會停在池塘中D The average rainfall in the desert is 2-4 inches per year.沙漠中每一年的平均降雨是 2 至 4 吋。Box 8:Well done! Your answer is correct.做的好！你答對了The correct answer is D: The average rainfall in the desert is 2-4 inches per year.正確答案是 D : 沙漠中每一年的平均降雨是 2 至 4 吋。Box 12:

Examples of biotic factors are plants and animals. Examples of abiotic factors are soil, wind, and temperature.生物因素的例子是植物和動物。非生物的例子是土，風和溫度。Word: Alluvial Fan沖積扇Word ID: 800014Strand: 4Topic: [Landforms][Water Systems][地形][水系統]Used: [SH4]

Box 1:Alluvial FanCandace was reading about rivers and streams in her textbook and saw a picture of an alluvial fan.Candace正在閱讀教科書中有關河川與溪流並看到了沖積扇的照片。What is an alluvial fan?什麼是沖積扇？A fan-shaped deposit of sediments扇子形狀的沖積物A fan-shaped rock found on a riverbank在河堤上發現的扇形形狀石頭A fan-shaped lake or pond扇形形狀的河或池塘Box 3:An alluvial fan is a fan-shaped deposit of sediments. You will typically find an alluvial fan where a fast-flowing stream slows down abruptly and "fans" out over a much wider area, depositing the sediments that it has carried. Over time this build-up of sediments takes on a distinct fan-shaped look and it is called an alluvial fan.沖積扇是一種扇形形狀的沈積物。你可以在川急的溪流下突然慢下來的地方找到沖積扇，因為會形成扇形形狀的寬廣的地區，溪流夾帶了很多沈積物。經過一段時間後，這個堆積的沈積物就會形成一個很明顯的扇狀，稱之為沖積扇。

Photo provided courtesy of Wikimedia Commons/Wing-Chi Poon

Box 5:Where would you most likely find an alluvial fan?哪裡最容易找到沖積扇？A On the wall of a canyon峽谷的牆上B On a high, steep mountain又高又深的山C On the bottom of the ocean海洋的底部D On a large, flat area of land陸地上又大又平坦的範圍Box 8:Well done! Your answer is correct.做的好！你答對了The correct answer is D: On a large, flat area of land正確答案是 D : 陸地上又大又平坦的範圍Box 12:Alluvial fans are common in desert areas that are subject to flash flooding from thunderstorms. They are often formed when fast flowing water slows down and spreads out.沖積扇是沙漠地區常見的地形，它是大雷雨帶來的洪水。它們通常在快速流動的水慢下來並分開的地方形成。Word: Amino Acid胺基酸Word ID: 800015Strand: 2

Topic: [Chemical Properties][Food & Nutrition][化學性質][食物和營養]Used: [SH2]

Box 1:Amino AcidThe teacher explained how our bodies get some amino acids through the food we eat.老師解釋我們的身體如何透過我們吃的食物獲得胺基酸What are amino acids?什麼是胺基酸？An important sugar found in fruit在水果中發現重要的糖分A dangerous acid unless found in food在水果之外發現的酸Important building blocks of proteins重要蛋白質的結構 Box 3:Amino acids are a group of molecules that are very important to life. One of their most important roles is that they are the building blocks of proteins. Proteins make up many different important structures in the cells of our bodies. Our bodies make some amino acids, but there are several amino acids that we must take in through the food we eat. These are called essential amino acids.胺基酸是一群對生命很重要的分子。其中一個最重要的功能是他們是組成蛋白質中重要的結構。蛋白質組成許多不同但重要的身體細胞結構。我們身體可以製造胺基酸，但有幾種胺基酸是必須從我們吃的食物攝取。這稱之為必要胺基酸。

Image provided courtesy of Wikimedia Commons/Klaus Hoffmeier

Box 5:

Which of the following statements about amino acids is false?下列哪項敘述對於胺基酸是錯誤的？A Proteins are made out of amino acids.蛋白質是由胺基酸組成的B Amino acids are made out of proteins.胺基酸是由蛋白質組成的C Amino acids are essential to life.胺基酸是生命基本的需求D We acquire some amino acids when we eat.當我們吃東西時會獲得胺基酸Box 8:Well done! Your answer is correct.做的好！你答對了The correct answer is B: Amino acids are made out of proteins.正確答案是 B: 胺基酸是由蛋白質組成的Box 12:Amino acids can be considered to be the foundation of life.胺基酸被認為是生命的基礎Word: Antibiotic抗生素Word ID: 800017Strand: 3Topic: [Diseases][Science Issues][疾病][科學議題]Used: [SH3][SH6]

Box 1:AntibioticRosa was not feeling well, so her doctor gave her some antibiotics.Rosa 感覺不舒服，所以他的醫生給她抗生素。What are antibiotics?什麼是抗生素？Substances that kill bacteria可以殺死細菌的藥物Medicines that help you lose weight可以幫你減重的藥Substances to prevent coughing, like a cough drop預防咳嗽的藥像是止咳片Box 3:Antibiotics are substances that are used to kill bacteria or prevent their growth. The discovery of antibiotics completely changed the way doctors treat diseases. Before

antibiotics, some mild infections would have been life threatening, but today most only require a quick trip to the doctor and a prescription of an antibiotic.

抗生素是一種用來殺死細菌或預防細菌滋長的藥物。抗生素的發明徹底的改變醫生治療疾病的方式。在抗生素發明前，一些輕度感染可能會威脅到生命，但現在大部分的醫生都會快速的開抗生素處方。Penicillin is one of the oldest and most widely used antibiotics. However, many strains of bacteria have become resistant to penicillin. This has become a problem with many other types of antibiotics, too. This problem of antibiotic resistance is caused by both overuse and misuse of antibiotics. Antibiotics only work for certain illnesses. Antibiotics are not effective in healing illnesses that are caused by a virus, so antibiotics cannot cure a cold.盤尼西林是其中一個最老使用範圍最廣的抗生素。然而，許多細菌的菌株已經對盤尼西林有抗藥性。許多種的抗生素都已經有抗藥性。抗生素抗藥問題是過度使用和濫用抗生素所引起。抗生素只對某些疾病有效。抗生素對治療病毒引起的病並不有效，所以抗生素無法治療感冒。

Photo provided courtesy of Wikimedia CommonsBox 5:What is the danger of using antibiotics too often?太常使用抗生素會有怎樣的危險？A They will become too expensive.他們會變得很貴B Drug stores will run out of them.藥局會賣完C Doctors will go out of business.醫生會歇業

D They may not work anymore.變得沒有效Box 8:Well done! Your answer is correct.做的好！你答對了The correct answer is D: They may not work anymore.正確答案是 D: 變得沒有效Box 12:Doctors often give their patients antibiotics to fight off different diseases and infections. However, antibiotics are not helpful for fighting illnesses caused by a virus, such as the common cold.醫生通常給病人抗生素去對抗不同的疾病和感染。然而，抗生素對於病毒引起的疾病是沒有幫助的，就像是一般感冒。Word: Chain Reaction連鎖反應Word ID: 800018Strand: 2Topic: [Structure of Matter][物體結構]Used: [SH2]

Box 1:Chain ReactionThe devastating earthquake started a chain reaction of fires and explosions.毀滅性的地震導致於一連串的火災和爆炸。What is meant by a chain reaction?連鎖反應的意思是？Something that happens without affecting anything else某件事發生不影響其他的事Two events that happen at exactly the same time兩件事同時發生A series of events that continues and expands once started一連串事件一旦開始就連續發生和擴張Box 3:A chain reaction is a sequence of events in which the first event causes a second event and the second event causes a third event, and so on. A chain reaction can be a series of single events. For example, picture a series of books standing on end close to each other. If you push the first book, it will push the second, the second will push the third, and so on until all the books in the line have been pushed over.連鎖反應是第一件事件引起第二件事，第二件事引起第三件事的事件順序。連鎖反應可以是一系列單一事件。舉例來說，想像一系列像骨牌排列的書。假如你推倒第一本書，它將把第二本推倒，第二推倒第三，然後直到所有排列的書都被推倒。

A chain reaction can also be a series of multiple events that happen at the same time and grow in scale. For example, picture a gymnasium floor covered with set mousetraps that have a ping-pong ball on each mousetrap. If you release one ping-pong ball, it flies through the air and lands on a second mousetrap sending a second ball flying. These two balls now set off two more mousetraps and there are four balls bouncing and flying through the air. Soon there are eight balls, then 16 balls, and so on.連鎖反應也是一系列的事件相乘。它發生在相同時間並增加。舉例來說，想像體育館地板有一系列的發球器。在每個發球器上有乒乓球。假如你放出一個乒乓球，它將會飛過空氣和地上，第二個發球器將會把第二球發射出。這兩顆球將會引發更多的發球器發球，空中將會有球飛過。很快的會有八顆球、16顆等等。Box 5:Which of these situations describes a chain reaction?下列哪個反應形容連鎖反應？A A line of dominoes falling after the first one has been pushed第一張牌被推倒的骨牌效應B A group of students getting ill from one another 一群 學生被其他人感染疾病C A fire that starts with a candle and ends up burning a whole building燭光的火開始燃燒最後變成燒光整棟建築D All of the above以上皆是Box 8:Well done! Your answer is correct.做的好！你答對了The correct answer is D: All of the above正確答案是 D: 以上皆是Box 12:An example of a chain reaction would be several cars crashing into one another because each car is unable to stop in time to avoid hitting the car in front of it.連鎖效應的例子可以是幾部車撞到另一部車，因為每輛車無法即時停下而撞到前車。Word: Chemical Equation化學反應式Word ID: 800019Strand: 2Topic: [Chemical Properties][Structure of Matter][化學特性][物體結構]Used: [SH2]

Box 1:Chemical EquationWhen wood burns, water and carbon dioxide are produced. This burning process can be shown with a chemical equation.

當木頭燃燒時，水和二氧化碳就產生了。化學反應式可展示出燃燒的過程。What is meant by a chemical equation?化學反應式是什麼意思？A statement showing a mathematical process, such as 2 + 2 = 4一種數學的過程像是 2+2=4Directions for doing something, such as baking a cake or making cookies做某件事的指示，像是考蛋糕和做餅乾A statement showing the "before and after" of a chemical reaction一個方程式展現化學反應的之前與之後Box 3:A chemical equation shows the type and amount of substances that are mixed together when a chemical reaction occurs. It also shows the type and amount of substances that result from the chemical reaction. A chemical equation uses symbols to show the important changes that take place during the chemical reaction.化學反應式提供了當化學反應發生時，混合物物質的種類與數量。也展示出來自化學反應中物質的種類與數量。化學式使用了符號代表在化學反應期間所發生的重要改變。In a chemical equation, reactants (present at the start) are put on the left, and products (present at the end) are put on the right. A single arrow between them means that the reaction goes in one direction, and two arrows going in opposite directions means that the reaction can go either way.在化學式中，反應物被放在左邊然後產品被放在右邊。單向箭頭在他們之間代表化學反應是單向反應。如果是雙箭頭代表此反應可以雙向反應。

Image provided courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

Box 5:Which of the following could be a chemical equation?下列哪一個可能是化學式？A 20 + 20 = 4020 + 20 = 40B Na + O2 → Na2ONa + O2 → Na2OC P4 + O2

P4 + O2

D CH4

CH4

Box 8:Well done! Your answer is correct.做的好！你答對了

The correct answer is B: Na + O2 → Na2O正確答案是 B: Na + O2 → Na2OBox 12:The chemical equation that shows what happens when hydrogen combines with oxygen to produce water can be written as H2 + O → H2O.化學式可以展示當氧與水結合時會產生水，就像H2 + O → H2OWord: Chloroplast葉綠體Word ID: 800021Strand: 3Topic: [Plants][植物]Used: [SH3]

Box 1:ChloroplastThe science teacher explained that the site where photosynthesis takes place in plant cells is called the chloroplast.科學老師解釋植物細胞產生光合作用的地方叫做葉綠體。What is a chloroplast?什麼是葉綠體？An elongated microscopic structure in animal cells在動物細胞中一個細長微小的結構An atomic particle that gives plants their pleasant smell可以給植物香味的原子A part of a plant or algae cell that captures light energy植物或是藻細胞可以抓到光能的地方Box 3:Inside the cells of algae and green plants there are tiny structures called chloroplasts. These chloroplasts are small flat discs that produce food and provide each cell with energy.在藻細胞或綠植物中，有很小的結構稱為葉綠色。這些葉綠素是小又平的，並能產生食物和提供每個細胞能量。Chloroplasts trap light energy from the sun. They are able to convert this energy and water into sugar for the plant to use. Chloroplasts can be identified by their green color that is caused by the presence of a green substance called chlorophyll葉綠素從太陽攝取光能。他們可以儲存這個能量和把水轉換成糖讓食物利用。葉綠素藉著他們的綠色辨認出來，就是綠色物質稱為葉綠素。

Photo provided courtesy of Wikimedia Commons/Kristian Peters

Box 5:Which of the following is true about a chloroplast?下列哪關於葉綠素的敘述何者正確？A It helps give most plants their green color.給予植物大部分的綠色B It is the place where food is made in plants.植物生產食物的地方C It is where plants capture light energy.植物獲取光能的地方D All of the above以上皆是Box 8:Well done! Your answer is correct.做的好！你答對了The correct answer is D: All of the above正確答案是 D: 以上皆是Box 12:Chloroplasts look like small flat discs. In green plants, chloroplasts help to make food for the plants.葉綠素看起來像是又平又小的唱片。在綠色植物中，葉綠素幫忙製造植物的食物。Word: Chromosome染色體Word ID: 800022Strand: 3Topic: [Heredity][遺傳]

Used: [SH3]

Box 1:ChromosomeMartha carried the chromosome for red hair.Martha攜帶了紅髮的染色體What is a chromosome?什麼是染色體？A virus that produces color可以產生顏色的病毒Hair cells that determine hair color決定頭髮顏色的髮細胞The cell part that carries instructions細胞中帶著指示的部份Box 3:Chromosomes are the small bodies in the nucleus, or central part, of a cell that carry the chemical "instructions" for reproduction of the cell. A chromosome is a threadlike strand of chemicals called DNA. The information in chromosomes is passed on to offspring and determines such things as whether someone will have blue or green eyes.染色體是一個細胞的細胞核中小部分或是中心點，它帶著細胞再生的指示。染色體像是一種絲狀的線也稱作 DNA。染色體的資訊是帶著後代子孫和決定是否擁有藍色或綠色眼睛。Every species has a certain number of chromosomes. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes that carry hereditary information from the parents.每個物種都有一定數量的染色體。人類有 23對染色體，染色體帶著父母的遺傳訊息。

Image provided courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

Box 5:Which of the following is true about chromosomes?

下列哪個染色體敘述是正確的？A They contain a chemical substance called DNA.包含的化學物質稱作 DNAB They are tiny, threadlike bodies in the nucleus of a cell.它們很小，像絲狀的，在細胞中的細胞核C They determine the traits or characteristics of offspring.它們可以決定後代的特徵或特色D All of the above以上皆是Box 8:Well done! Your answer is correct.做的好！你答對了The correct answer is D: All of the above正確答案是 D: 以上皆是Box 12:Researchers study chromosomes to learn about the development of living things.研究者研究染色體學習生物的相關發展Word: Commensalism共生Word ID: 800025Strand: 3Topic: [Ecosystems][Habitats][Organisms][生物系統][習性][有機體]Used: [SH3]

Box 1:CommensalismA special television documentary showed the commensalism between different deep-sea creatures.一個特別的電視紀錄片展示了不同深海動物之間的共生關係What is meant by commensalism?共生是什麼意思How some organisms hunt other things as food有機體如何捕抓其他物體當做食物How different organisms can live on the same food in an ecosystem生態系統中不同的有機體可以依賴同樣的食物How one organism benefits from a second one without harm or benefit to the second one一個有機體可以從第二個有機體獲得好處，且沒有傷害或是回饋給第二個生物體Box 3:Commensalism is a close relationship between two living things that benefits one of the organisms and neither benefits nor hurts the other. In commensalism, one organism may get shelter, protection, transportation, or help getting food from another organism.

共生是一種兩種生物體中一方互利一方且也不傷害或回饋對方的緊密關係。在共生關係中，一個有機體可能會獲得棲息地、保護、遷徙或是幫忙從另個有機體獲得食物。

Photo provided courtesy of Wikimedia Commons/Duncan Wright

Box 5:Which of these situations is an example of commensalism?下列哪個狀態是共生的例子？A A hawk eating a rabbit that it has killed老鷹吃了被它殺的兔子B Mosquitoes sucking blood from a human蚊子在人類身上吸血C Fleas on a cat's body causing the cat to scratch itself貓身上的跳蚤引起它們抓癢D An egret eating insects stirred up in a field by a cow白鷺鷥吃田中的牛身上附著的昆蟲Box 8:Well done! Your answer is correct.做的好！你答對了The correct answer is D: An egret eating insects stirred up in a field by a cow正確答案是 D: 白鷺鷥吃田中的牛身上附著的昆蟲Box 12:Commensalism is a form of symbiosis. Symbiosis refers to a close relationship between two or more different species. An example of commensalism is when barnacles attach themselves to whales to travel to nutrient-rich waters.共生是一種合作關係的形式。共生是視為一種兩個物種或多個物種之間的緊密關係。共生的例子是，當藤壺附著在鯨魚上，可以到達營養豐富的海岸。Word: Concentration濃度

Word ID: 800026Strand: 2Topic: [Mixtures & Solutions][混合物＆溶液]Used: [SH2]

Box 1:ConcentrationThe concentration of chlorine in the water was very high.氨在水中的濃度是非常高的。What is meant by concentration?濃度的意思是？The complete disappearance of a chemical in the environment環境中看不到的化學物The amount of material that can be added to another substance safely用多少素材可以安全的加進另一個物質The measure of how much of one substance is mixed with another substance衡量多少物質可以混進另一個物質Box 3:In chemistry, concentration is the measure of how much of a given substance there is mixed with another substance. Concentrations can be expressed as a percentage of weight or volume. For example, some orange juice concentrate that is sold in grocery stores should be mixed with water so that the amount of concentrate used is equal to 25% of the total volume of the mixture.在化學上，濃度是衡量有多少物質可以與另一種物質混合。濃度可以以重量或體積的百分比顯示。舉例來說，一些超市賣橘子汁濃度應該是混合了水，所以橘子汁的濃度是佔果汁的百分之 25>Box 5:In which sentence is the word concentration used correctly?下列哪個句子中使濃度是正確的？A There was a high concentration of bacteria in the water.水中有高度的細菌濃度B There was a small concentration of data to support the conclusion.有一些資料的小濃度可以支持結論C There was a concentration of wind that caused the hurricane.風中的濃度會引起颶風D There was no concentration of warm climates during the winter.在冬天期間溫暖的氣候中沒有濃度Box 8:Well done! Your answer is correct.做的好！你答對了The correct answer is A: There was a high concentration of bacteria in the water.

正確答案是 A: 水中有高度的細菌濃度Box 12:A concentration of a substance that is very low is often expressed as parts per hundred or parts per thousand.如果物質的濃度是非常低的，通常會以百分之幾或是千分之幾表示Word: Constant恆常Word ID: 800027Strand: 1Topic: [Experimenting][Scientific Method][實驗][科學方法]Used: [SH1]Box 1:ConstantThe temperature was kept constant throughout the experiment.實驗過程中，不斷保持溫度恆溫What is meant by a constant in an experiment?實驗中的常數是什麼意思？Something that is used in all experiments被使用在實驗中的某些事Something that changes over time經過一段時間後會改變的事Something that stays the same over time經過一段時間後保持不變的事Box 3:A constant is a condition, factor, or quantity that does not change over time. In an experiment, a constant is any factor such as temperature, amount, force, or mass, that is made to stay the same while another factor of the experiment is changed. For example, if you wanted to find out if driving at a faster speed uses more fuel, you would want to use the same kind of fuel all the time. The kind of fuel in this experiment would be a constant.

Box 5:In an experiment designed to see what can affect the growth rate of plants, which of the following would be a constant in the experiment?在實驗設計上可以看到是什麼的影響植物的生長，下列哪些可以被視為實驗中的恆常變項？A The amount of sunlight the plants get when placed in different locations不同地方植物得到日光的總和B The different types of fertilizer used on each plant每個植物上灑上不同的肥料C The same soil that is used for all of the plants tested in the experiment在實驗中測試不同植物使用相同的土壤D The people who conduct the same experiment on the plants

在相同植物上人們做同樣的實驗Box 8:Well done! Your answer is correct.做的好！你答對了The correct answer is C: The same soil that is used for all of the plants tested in the experiment正確答案是 C: 在實驗中測試不同植物使用相同的土壤Box 12:The word constant can mean "steady or unchanging."恆常的意思是穩定不改變Word: Controlled Experiment控制實驗Word ID: 800028Strand: 1Topic: [Experimenting][Scientific Method][實驗][科學方法]Used: [SH1]

Box 1:Controlled ExperimentJuan did a controlled experiment to view the effect of a fertilizer used for growing plants.Juan做了控制實驗為了觀察肥料在生長植物上的影響What is a controlled experiment?什麼是控制實驗?An experiment that is guided to a desired answer一個實驗可以帶出期望的答案An experiment in which only one variable is changed只有一個變項被改變的實驗An experiment that measures the growth rate of something衡量某物生長速度的實驗Box 3:A controlled experiment is an experiment in which only one variable is changed so that you can see the effect of changing that variable.控制實驗是一種只有一種變項可以改變的實驗，所以你可以看到變項帶來的影響。For example, to test the effect of a fertilizer on the growth rate of plants, you would need to grow two of the same plants. You would grow the plants in the same soil, give them the same amount of water, and place them in the same location with the same amount of sunlight. In a controlled experiment, the only thing that would be different is that fertilizer would be used on one plant but not the other. By changing only the amount of fertilizer used, you can find out the effect that fertilizer has on the growth rate of a plant.舉例來說，測試一種肥料對一株植物的生長影響，你將會需要種下兩種相同的植物。你種它們在相同的地點以至於有相同的陽光。你也可以種植植物在相同的土壤，相同量的水，

同樣的地點獲得同樣的陽光。在控制實驗中，只有一件事是不一樣的，那就是一株使用特定的肥料，另一株沒有。藉著改變肥料的使用，你可以找出肥料對植物生長速度的影響。Box 5:If Joaquin does a controlled experiment to find out the effect of temperature on the growth rate of plants, which of the following variables should be changed?假如 Joaquin做了一個控制實驗，要找出溫度對於植物生長速度的影響，下列哪個變項應該改變？A The temperature where the plants are grown植物生長的溫度B The amount of water the plants are given植物或得水的多寡C The soil used to grow each of the plants種植植物所使用的水D The amount of sunlight where the plants are grown植物成長所吸收的陽光Box 8:Super! Your answer is correct.做的好！你答對了The correct answer is A: The temperature where the plants are grown正確答案是 A: 植物生長的溫度Box 12:In a controlled experiment, you test one variable at a time. This means that all of the variables not being tested must remain the same.在控制實驗中，你一次測試一個變項，這意思是所有將要被測試的變項，將要維持不變。Word: Continental Drift大陸飄移Word ID: 880030Strand: 4Topic: [Landforms][Mapping][大陸][地圖]Used: [SH4]

Box 1:Continental DriftThe formation of the seven continents on Earth happened as a result of continental drift.地球上七個大陸版塊的形成是因為大陸飄移的結果。What is continental drift?什麼是大陸飄移？The eruption of molten rock followed by the rock hardening岩石融化噴出的熔漿隨後凝固The movement and formation of continents on Earth's crust地殼上的大陸移動和形成

The process by which the continents float around on the oceans海洋中大陸版塊漂浮的過程Box 3:Continental drift is the very slow movement and formation of the continents on Earth's surface. Continental drift is too slow to be observed in a short period of time, but the idea of continental drift is supported by fossil records from different locations.大陸版塊在地球上表面上非常慢的移動和形成。大陸版塊移動太慢以至於無法在短時間內觀察到，但是大陸飄移的觀念證明了來自於會有其他地方的化石記錄。For example, fossils found in both South America and Africa suggest that South America and Africa were once connected. When these continents moved apart, fossils from the same species of animals could be found in both newly formed continents. This suggests that these continents were once connected. In fact, if you look at a map, South America and Africa seem to fit together like puzzle pieces.舉例來說，南美和非洲發現了化石，支持了南美和非洲曾經相連。當這些大陸分開後，同種類的動物化石可以在新大陸被發現。這也支持了大陸曾經相連。事實上，假如你看地圖，南美和非洲看起來就像相符的拼圖。Box 5:Why do scientists believe in the idea of continental drift?為什麼科學家相信大陸飄移的觀念？A The continents fit together like puzzle pieces.大陸版塊可以像拼圖一樣和在一起B They have found similar fossils on separate continents.他們發現相似的化石在不同的大陸上C Both A and BA與 B 皆是D Neither A nor BA與 B 皆非Box 8:Well done! Your answer is correct.做的好！你答對了The correct answer is C: Both A and B正確答案是 C: A與 B 皆是Box 12:Continental drift is a very slow process that occurs over a long period of time. The idea of continental drift helps to explain why some continents look like pieces of a puzzle that fit together.大陸飄移是非常慢的過程，它是經過一段長時間的。大陸飄移的概念可以幫助我們解釋為什麼一些大陸看起來像一塊拼圖，可以拼在一起。Word: Depletion消耗Word ID: 800031Strand: 6

Topic: [Science Issues][Natural Resources][科學議題][自然資源]Used: [SH6]

Box 1:DepletionHumans are causing the depletion of fossil fuels.人類是消耗化石燃料的元兇What is depletion?什麼是消耗？When something increases over time隨著時間增加，也跟著增加When something decreases over time隨著時間減少，也跟著減少When something doesn't change over time隨著時間，也不會改變Box 3:Depletion is the steady decrease of something over time. The thing being depleted may or may not be able to be restored. Humans are depleting the amount of fossil fuels because fossil fuels take a long, long time to make in nature. Catching too many fish in a lake can deplete the amount of fish in a lake over time. Cutting trees faster than they can grow will lead to the depletion of forests.消耗是隨著時間逐步減少的。東西被消耗後可能或不能儲存的。人類是消耗許多化石燃料因為化石燃料是自然花許多時間才產生的。在湖中抓太多魚會消耗湖中的魚。砍樹比樹的生長速度快，將會消耗森林中的樹。Here is a graph that shows how Alaska's crude oil reserves are being depleted over time.這裡有一張表展示了阿拉斯加的蘊含的原油隨著時間被消耗

Image provided courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

Box 5:In which sentence is the word depletion used correctly?下列哪個句子使用消耗是正確的？A The depletion of heat energy caused the water to boil.熱能的消耗引起了水的沸騰B Plants cause the depletion of oxygen in our atmosphere.植物消耗大氣層中的氧C There is concern about the depletion of clean water.有一個問題是關心消耗乾淨的水D Animals that grow old are closer to depletion.動物長大是接近消耗的Box 8:Well done! Your answer is correct.做的好！你答對了The correct answer is C: There is concern about the depletion of clean water.正確答案是 C: 有一個問題是關心消耗乾淨的水Box 12:When something has been depleted, it has been used up. It is important not to deplete all of our natural resources.當某些東西已經被消耗了，就是被使用了。不要把自然資源消耗殆盡是很重要的。Word: Genetic Engineering基因工程

Word ID: 800032Strand: 3Topic: [Heredity][遺傳]Used: [SH3]

Box 1:Genetic EngineeringEllie learned that genetic engineering makes soybeans produce more bushels every year.Ellie學習到基因工程可以讓大豆每年產生更多蒲式耳What is genetic engineering?什麼是基因工程？The process of mixing different types of beans in the field混合田中不同種類豆子的過程The growth of new seeds by breeding different plants藉著培養不同種類的植物產生新的種子The manipulation of genes to make changes in an organism一個生物體中基因的操作讓生物體不一樣Box 3:Genetic engineering uses living organisms and alters the structure of their genetic material. Genetic engineering involves taking the information from the genes of one organism and placing it in the genes of another organism. Genetic engineering produces an organism with new traits. Genetic engineering is widely used to improve crop production and medicines and is being studied for its potential to cure different diseases.基因工程使用生命有機體和改變他們遺傳物質的結構。基因工程是從一個有機體的基因獲取訊息，並把這基因植入另一個有機體。基因工程產生了新特徵的有機體。基因工程廣泛使用在改變作物生長和藥物，被研究來治療不同的疾病。Box 5:What is the purpose of genetic engineering?下列哪個是基因工程的目的？A To change the information in an organism's genes改變有機體基因的訊息B To create an organism with new traits創造帶有新特徵的有機體C To explore cures for diseases治癒疾病D All of the above以上皆是Box 8:Great job! Your answer is correct.做的好！你答對了The correct answer is D: All of the above

正確答案是 D: 以上皆是Box 12:The word cloning is often associated with genetic engineering. A clone is a living thing that is the exact copy of another living thing.無性生殖通常與基因工程有關。無性生殖是生物能複製成另一個一模一樣的生物。Word: Genotype基因型Word ID: 800132Strand: 3Topic: [Heredity][遺傳]Used: [SH3]

Box 1:GenotypeMargarita and her twin sister have the same genotype.Margarita和她雙胞胎姊姊有同樣的基因型What is a genotype?什麼是基因型？The genetic make-up of an organism組成有機體的基因The hair and skin color of an organism有機體的髮色與膚色The physical appearance of an organism有機體的外表Box 3:Individuals have a unique genetic make-up, called their genotype, which they get from their parents. A person's genotype determines all of the person's physical traits such as hair color, eye color, size and shape of nose, and height. However, genotype does not affect behaviors that are learned.個體有獨特的基因組成稱為基因型，它們是從它們雙親而來。一個人的基因型決定所有的物理特徵像是髮色、眼睛顏色、鼻子的形狀與大小，高度。然而，基因並不影響他們學習到的行為。Sisters and brothers usually do not get exactly the same combinations of genes from their parents, but since they get some of the same genes, different children in the same family often have some of the same physical traits.兄弟姊妹從父母親中得到的基因通常不會相同，但因為他們得到部分相同的基因，同樣家庭中不同的孩子，通常有同樣的身體特徵。Here is a photo of two identical twins. They share the same genotype.這裡有一張雙胞胎的照片，他們擁有同樣的基因。

Photo provided courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

Box 5:Which of the following is not determined by your genotype?下列哪一個不是被你的基因決定？A The way you comb your hair你梳頭的方式B The color of your eyes你眼睛的顏色C The type of blood you have你的血型D The shape of your nose你鼻子的形狀Box 8:Great job! Your answer is correct.做的好！你答對了The correct answer is A: The way you comb your hair正確答案是 A: 你梳頭的方式Box 12:Identical twins have exactly the same genotype. But two people who look alike and have different parents do not have the same genotype.雙胞胎基本上有一模一樣的基因型。但兩個人看起來一樣且他們的雙親自己的基因是不一樣的。Word: Genus屬Word ID: 800033Strand: 3Topic: [Plants][Animals][植物][動物]Used: [SH3]

Box 1:GenusTigers and lions belong to the same genus.老虎和獅子屬於同一屬。What is a genus?什麼是屬？A group of animals that live in the same area一群動物住在同樣的地區A class or group of organisms with common attributes有一群有機體有同樣的屬性The place in a zoo where similar animals are kept動物園關相似動物的地方Box 3:A genus is a level of classification for living and fossil organisms. Plants and animals are grouped by genus similar to how they belong to a certain species, but a genus is a more broad term.屬是生物和化石有機的分類屬性。相似的植物和動物是被屬分類成特定的物種，但屬是範圍更廣的詞。When living organisms are classified, they are grouped by common attributes. The different levels of classification are based on how many common attributes different living organisms share. Organisms that belong to the same family share fewer common attributes than organisms that belong to the same genus. Likewise, organisms that belong to the same genus share fewer common attributes than organisms that belong to the same species.當有機體被分類時，他們被相同的屬性所分類。不同層的分類是基於有多少相同的屬性給多少不同的有機體共有。有機體屬於同科比起相同屬的有較少的相似。再來，有機體屬於同屬比起屬於同種的又更少的相似。

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Box 5:Dogs, wolves, and foxes are different species that belong to the same family. Dogs and wolves belong to the same genus, but foxes belong to a different genus.

狗、狼和狐狸是同科不同種類。狗和狼屬於同樣的屬，但狐屬於不同的屬。Based on the given information, which of the following statements is true?基於這些資訊，下列哪一個敘述是真的？A Foxes and dogs are more alike than dogs and wolves.狐和狗比狗和狼相似B Dogs and wolves are more alike than wolves and foxes.狗和狼比狼和狐相似C Wolves and foxes are more alike than dogs and foxes.狼和狐比狗和狐相似D Dogs, wolves, and foxes are all equally alike.狗、狼、狐是相當相似的Box 8:Well done! Your answer is correct.做的好！你答對了The correct answer is B: Dogs and wolves are more alike than wolves and foxes.正確答案是 B: 狗和狼比狼和狐相似Box 12:Two different animals that belong to the same genus are similar in some ways but are not exactly the same.兩種不同的動物屬於同一屬，是頗為相似但不是一模一樣的。