Web Services: The Next Wave Cian Quinlan Solution Architect / Web Services Evangelist Integrated Information Systems [email protected]

Web Services: The Next Wave

Cian QuinlanSolution Architect /

Web Services EvangelistIntegrated Information Systems

[email protected]

Something Big Is Happening

“..there is no doubt that something big is happening in the computer industry—as big as the rise of the PC in the 1980s that turned hardware into a commodity and put software squarely at the center of the industry. Now it looks as thought software will have to cede to services delivered online.”

The Economist, April 14th, 2001

Something Big Is Happening

“The changes now under way are likely to reshuffle the industry completely.”

The Economist, April 14th, 2001

Let’s take a trip

Browser Centric

Car Rental Hotel Reservations

Copy and Paste

Corporate Travel Office

HTML HTML

Application Centric

Car Rental Hotel Reservations

Corporate Travel Office

SOAP SOAP

Lightweight Application or Script

NO Bro

wser

What is a Web Service?

A Component Lives on the Internet “Remote Procedure Call” Advertises its services Known interface Standards based: SOAP, UDDI,

WSDL..

Application Centric

Need: API

Standard transport

Way to find an appropriate service Way to locate the service Service name Service parameters

SOAP

WSDL

What is SOAP?

SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) Remote Procedure Call Input parameters Return values XML over HTTP / SMTP / MQ .. Language / Platform independent Industry support

Microsoft & IBM, etc

SOAP Message

Envelope

Header• Authentication• Transaction management• Payment

Body• Method name• Parameters

Runs over HTTP, SMTP, MQ, etc

Can go thru firewalls if HTTP

SSL HTTP Request,

Response XML

UDDI Registry

UDDI Registry

Find

Web Services Host

Publish

Invoke(SOAP)

User application

UniversalDescriptionDiscovery Integration

UDDI Registry

UDDI Registry UDDI Registry

Find

Web Services Host

Publish

Invoke(SOAP)

ReplicateIBM, Microsoft, HP

User application

the w

orld

UDDI Registries - Scope

Internet, intranet, extranet Public, private Communities

community

extranet

internal

Web Services Description Language

WSDL describes how to invoke a service provides information on the data

being exchanged location of the service

SOAP

Example:

Get stock price

SOAP Request

POST /StockQuote HTTP/1.1 Host: www.stockquoteserver.com Content-Type: text/xml; charset="utf-8" Content-Length: nnnn SOAPAction: "http://example.com/stockquote.xsd" <SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" SOAP-ENV:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"> <SOAP-ENV:Body> <m:GetLastTradePrice

xmlns:m="http://example.com/stockquote.xsd"> <symbol>DIS</symbol> </m:GetLastTradePrice> </SOAP-ENV:Body> </SOAP-ENV:Envelope>

SOAP Response

HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: text/xml; charset="utf-8" Content-Length: nnnn <SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" SOAP-ENV:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"/> <SOAP-ENV:Body> <m:GetLastTradePriceResponse xmlns:m="http://example.com/stockquote.xsd"> <Price>34.5</Price> </m:GetLastTradePriceResponse> </SOAP-ENV:Body> </SOAP-ENV:Envelope>

WSDL

<?xml version="1.0"?> <definitions name="StockQuote"

<message name="GetLastTradePriceInput"> <part name="body" element="xsd1:GetLastTradePrice"/> </message> <message name="GetLastTradePriceOutput"> <part name="body" element="xsd1:GetLastTradePriceResponse"/> </message> <service name="StockQuoteService"> <documentation>My first service</documentation> <port name="StockQuotePort" binding="tns:StockQuoteBinding"> <soap:address location="http://www.stockquoteserver.com/StockQuote"/> </port> </service> </definitions>

UDDI

White pages: address, contact details and known identifiers

Yellow pages: industrial categorizations based on standard taxonomies

Green pages: technical information about services

UDDI

Core taxonomies• North American Industry Classification System• Universal Standard Products and Services Codes• IS0 3166 Geographic Taxonomy

Additional taxonomies• Standard Industrial Classification• GeoWeb geographic classification

UDDI: Query

The following query, when placed inside the body of a SOAP envelope, returns details on IBM.

<find_business generic="1.0" xmlns="urn:uddi-org:api">

<name>IBM</name> </find_business>

UDDI <businessList generic="1.0" operator=“International Business Machines Corporation" truncated="false" xmlns="urn:uddi-org:api"> <businessInfos> <businessInfo businessKey="0076B468-EB27-42E5-AC09-9955CFF462A3"> <name>IBM Corporation</name> <description xml:lang="en">

IBM is cool… </description>

<serviceInfos> <serviceInfo businessKey="0076B468-EB27-42E5-AC09-9955CFF462A3"

serviceKey="1FFE1F71-2AF3-45FB-B788-09AF7FF151A4"> <name>Web services for smart searching</name> </serviceInfo> <serviceInfo businessKey="0076B468-EB27-42E5-AC09-9955CFF462A3" serviceKey="8BF2F51F-8ED4-43FE-B665-38D8205D1333"> <name>Electronic Business Integration Services</name> </serviceInfo> </serviceInfos> </businessInfo> </businessInfos> </businessList>

Travel Application 1



Java: Web Services Related APIs

Five core APIs:

JAXP XML Parsing with DOM, SAX and XSLT JAXB XML data Binding to Java JAXM API for Message Layer Protcols JAX/RPC API for Remote Procedure Call

conventions JAXR Java API to the XML Registries

JAX Pack

Using JAX APIs To Build Web Services

Web Services and J2EE

J2EE 1.4 – a major theme is web services Key pieces will ship before 1.4

JAX Pack – soon (July?) JSR 109 – Web Services 3Q01 Support for web services now or soon in

most major app servers Tool vendors rushing to support WSDL and the gory details will be hidden

.NET

What is .NET? New language and runtime environment Web Services

.NET

Hailstorm is a set of consistent web services which provide: Common identity Messaging Naming Navigation Security Role mapping Data modeling Metering Error handling

.NET Web Services

myAddress electronic and geographic address

myProfile name, nickname, special dates, picture

myContacts electronic relationships/address book

myLocation electronic and geographical location and rendez-vous

myNotifications notification subscription, management and routing

.Net Web Services

myCalendar time and task management

myDocuments raw document storage

myApplicationSettings

application settings

myFavoriteWebSites favorite URLs and other Web identifiers

myWallet receipts, payment instruments, coupons and other transaction records

myDevices device settings, capabilities

myServices services provided for an identity

Hailstorm Revenue Model

End-user subscriptions

Developers costs for tools and support

Service operators

costs to obtain certificate and the right to use services

Net OS?

Is Hailstorm is the beginning of Microsoft’s Net OS?

Issues Do you trust Microsoft? Authentication is the key – ticket used to bind services Private authentication system makes .NET closed and

propriety Need for standards based authentication – SAML, XKMS.. Security, liability and legal concerns

Some Quotes..

Honeywell Aircraft Landing Systems

“In the past two or three years, we’ve invested heavily in building a component-based architecture. With Web services, we can now leverage this investment by giving our trading partners direct access to selected business components through the Internet.”

Dave Kulakowski, Development and Technology Manager

The Bekins Company

“It’s possible that in the long run, all our business will be conducted through Web services applications. We’re certainly moving in that direction. Web services will be the glue that will connect our whole business together.”

Randall Mowen

Director of Data Management & e-business Architecture

Entrust Technologies

“We are transforming PKI (Public-Key Infrastructure) technology to support a services oriented architecture to enable applications to invoke PKI functionality through remote XML-based Web services."

Brian O’Higgins, Executive VP and CTO, Entrust Technologies

Hewitt’s Total Benefit Administration System

“Currently, employees and clients access participant benefits data via Hewitt’s direct presentation channels. Increasingly, however, Hewitt has been receiving requests for direct access to participant data from 3rd-party service providers as well as clients developing HR self-service portals.

In the past, Hewitt would have built custom proprietary connectivity solutions to address these requests. Now, with Web services, Hewitt Associates can build open non-proprietary solutions instead.”

Tim Hilgenberg, Chief Technology Strategist at Hewitt Associates

Charles Schwab

“We believe Web services will be a big step forward in what we can offer our customers."

Chalon Mullins, technical director of infrastructure strategy and architecture

Some Examples..

Dollar Rent-A-Car

Create standard interfaces so business partners could tap into the company's car reservation system.

Used SOAP to create an interface that lets Southwest Airlines' Unix system easily tap into Dollar's reservation system.

"We designed the SOAP interface for Southwest, but we will use it for our Web site. Our Palm application already uses it, and we're building a Pocket PC application.”

“It took us three days to build the prototype for the reservation system. It was amazingly simple, almost too good to be true."

Bekins

Need to optimize the loading of a truck Tradition method is to call / fax

business partner to share capacity Working with IBM to expose services of

partners as set of web services Result will be better truck utilization

negotiated in a fraction of the time without manual intervention

News

BowStreetLYNNFIELD, MA, April 23, 2001 …

Bowstreet delivers the next breakthrough in web services: packaged e-business solutions.

The Business Web Factory represents business processes – including legacy applications – as web services and stores them in a directory as reusable components.

IT people then design models of e-business solutions – for example, a customer portal – by specifying and combining links to these services.

Application Builder?

Palette of web services

Drop and Drag

Connect Apply

xforms Generate

xform

eCommerce Stack.. So Far

Service Description

WSDL

Registry UDDI

Transport SOAP

Transport HTTP MQ FTP SMTP

Transport TCP/IP

Going Up the Food Chain

???

UDDI

SOAP

HTTP

TCP/IP

e-procurement at Dell

A customer pulls product information from Dell's server into the customer's purchasing system, which creates an electronic requisition.

After requisition is approved online, a computer-generated purchase order is sent back to Dell.

The entire process can take 60 seconds and has cut errors from about 200 to tens (per million transactions).

Dell has been able to shave $40 to $50 off the cost of processing each order.

Dell hopes to get inventory down to 2 days – Compaq, Gateway IBM average 50 – 90 days

http://www.ecompany.com/articles/mag/0,1640,12160|3,00.html

e-procurement at Dell

Before: Litton, one month to get a PC Hooked into Dell’s e-procurement system After: 2 days after order is placed

However, high costs associated which changing systems

Major problem for Dell is getting customers to sign up

Need a standard way for systems to interoperate

http://www.ecompany.com/articles/mag/0,1640,12160|3,00.html

ebXML

Joint initiative of the United Nations (UN/CEFACT) and OASIS

Specs that enable a electronic business framework

Enterprises of any size can meet and conduct business using XML based messages

Building on existing EDI knowledge SOAP is the transport Over 30 companies participated in POC in May

ebXML: Technical Architecture

Business Process and Information Model

Business Process and Information Model

Business DocumentsBusiness Documents

Trading Partner Profile (TPP)


Trading Partner Agreement (TPA)


Registry / RepositoryIndustry Group

1. Design & register process2. Implement & register

profile3. Negotiate agreement4. Conduct ebXML business




A TPA is an electronic contract that uses XML to stipulate:

general contract terms and conditions participant roles (such as buyers and sellers) communication and security protocols business processes (such as valid actions and

sequencing rules)

A TPA defines how trading partners will interact at the transport, document exchange, and business protocol layers.

Transactions

Transaction Authority Markup Language (XTMA) initiative backed by Bowstreet, IBM, HP, Oracle and

Sun Microsystems

Business Transaction Protocol (BTP) BEA -> OASIS Collaborate B2B integration platform

ebXML & UDDI

Work underway to enable UDDI & ebXML registries to interoperate

Web Services Flow Language (WSFL)

WSFL is an XML language for the description of Web Services compositions

Developed by IBM – submitted to W3C

eCommerce Stack

Transactions XAML1 / BTP2

Negotiation tpaML3

Business Process ebXML Business Process

Service Description

WSDL ebXML pro

Registry UDDI ebXML TPP

Transport SOAP

Transport HTTP MQ FTP SMTP

Transport TCP/IP

1XAML - Transaction Authority Markup Language2BTP - Business Transaction Protocol (OASIS ex BEA)3tpaML - Trading Partner Agreement Markup Language (ebXML ex IBM)

xMethods

A directory of publicly-available web services

Hosting and deployment facilities for service developers

Forums for discussion about available web services

UDDI interfaces to repository

SOAP Interoperability Testbed

xMethods

SunONE Architecture

Some Impacts / Trends

Reuse EDI Legacy Integration Application Construction Application Outsourcing Service Brokers WSUI

Reuse

Holy Grail is component reuse Web services provides reuse

infrastructure and standards Language, platform independent Standard interface, registry and

repository Accessibility: internet, intranet,

extranet

Reuse

Web Services provide execution environment

What about source or class reuse? ComponentSource 6500 Many companies offering business components

Oracle – BC4J (JDeveloper) IBM – BC ex SanFrancisco IBM - CommerceSuite BEA ATG

Web service to Deliver JARs..

EDI

Current model Restricted: point to point Expensive Inflexible Confined to Fortune 1000

Migrating towards Publish and Subscribe, flexible, cheap,

extensible, any size user, “EDI for the masses”

Legacy Integration

Use wrappers / adapters to expose selected interfaces

Facilitates reuse -- major issue for many enterprises

Application Construction

Division of labor: Those who build components (web

services) Those who assemble components

(applications)

Applications = Aggregation of web services + core competencies

ws

wsws

ws

ws

Application Outsourcing

The use of external Web services, in effect, outsources all or part of an application

Service Broker Web Services + B2B products = Services Broker

eBusiness companies must consolidate their legacy and new applications together into a single eApplication.

Services broker must be able to scale to handle complex applications.

Companies such as IBM, BEA, SilverStream, WebMethods, Sybase, Iona, and Invertica are developing Service Brokers to provide a 'complete' eBusiness.

Billy Newporthttp://www.theserverside.com/resources/article.jsp?l=Service-Broker

Service Broker

Frst implementations of Service Brokers:

Extricity Web Methods SilverStream Extend IBM B2Bi BEA Process Integrator/Collaborator


Service Broker Components A Business Process Manager (BPM) Component

Workflow component that allows business processes to be defined. Acts as a coordinator for interactions between multiple applications. Applications and humans can be interfaced to this component. WSFL is candidate for defining business process definitions

Middleware connectors Support a variety of input and output connectors. Connectors to include: RMI/IIOP, SOAP, JMS, CICS, IMS, any JCA

supported EIS, or IIOP. Interfaces and middleware implementation of an interface exposed by

a connector can be described using WSDL.

Content-based Routing and Transformations for messages Message-based connector's will also support simple flows that allow

content based routing and message translation/transformation/enrichment.


Service Broker Components Security Mapping

Multiple applications and external applications will use different security schemes.

Service broker needs to provide credential/role mapping and authorization across all involved components.

Process State Management Aggregate applications may need to store the state

about the process.

Connector Discovery Mechanisms UDDI

Transaction Monitor Required if transactions span multiple applications


WSUI

Web services aggregation

Controlled by xml config file

Layout complex portals

Issues

Authentication Encryption Management Transactions Quality of service Payment Performance Event Notification Versioning SOAP up to the job?

Adoption

Initially within companies and between partners Trust Payment

Moving to UDDI when trust and payment models are developed and gain acceptance

Opportunities

Strategic consulting Help customers adjust to new WS

based applications paradigm Write applications which leverage WS’s Help customers write WS’s Write WS’s Host WS’s WS repositories to facilitate reuse

Gartner

“Will Web Services deliver? Yes.

Web Services are relatively low risk technology that can be used to implement high risk business strategies”

David Smith, VP, Gartner

Resources

xml.apache.orgopen source XML tools from Apache Software Foundation

www.w3.orgWorld Wide Web Consortium site

uddi.orgUniversal, Description, Distribution Integration consortium

xmethods.com & xmltoday.comnews on SOAP service

Resources

ibm.com.alphaworkssite for free emerging tools and technologies from IBM

ibm.com.developerworks"the" place to go for resources, communities and updates on Web Services and XML for developers

IBM Dynamic e_businesshttp://www4.ibm.com/software/solutions/webservices/resources.html

Resources

Microsoft/netToolkits and documentation

OASIS http://www.oasis-open.org/

Catch the next wave…..

jump on board!

Q & A