Web Databases

Information Architecture & Design II

David Kim 1 April 28 2005

Web Databases

David Kim

David Kim 2 April 28, 2005

What is a Database? File System vs. DBMS Database Models Database Modeling Databases SQL DBC Choosing a database IA & DB Conclusion References

Index


What is a Database ?

A very large, integrated collection of data

A collection of information stored in a computer in a systematic way

DBMS (= Database Management System) - A software used to manage and query a

database



Index


FMS vs. DBMSadvantages disadvantages

FMS • Simpler to use• Less expensive

• Typically no multi-user access• Limited to smaller databases• Limited functionality• Decentralization of data• Redundancy and integrity issues

DBMS • Greater flexibility• Greater processing power• Ensures data integrity• Supports simultaneous access• Provides backup and recovery controls• Advanced security

• Difficult to learn• Packaged separately from the OS• Slower processing speeds• Requires skilled administrators• Expensive



Index


Database Models 1

File System(before ’70s)

Hybrid model(mid ’80s)

Relational model(late ’80s)

Object-oriented model (mid ’90s)

Object-relational model (late ’90s)

data modelingcapacity

data managementfacilities

* adapted from the material in http://www.ktdata.co.kr/ktdata/kthome7/zeus_5.htm


Database Models 2

Database Model: a collection of logical constructs

flat (or table) model ☞ hierarchical model ☞

network model ☞

relational model ☞

object-oriented model ☞

object/relational (= post-relational) model ☞



Index


DB Modeling 1

ORDER CUSTOMER

ITEM PRODUCT

Is for

Initiate

Is part of

consist of

has

Is included

ID

Order date

Order type

Name

Phone #

SSN

Birthday

ID

Quantity

Price

ID

Description

Type

ER Model

Discount

Description

*source: www.fkii.or.kr/data/seminar/uploaded_files/ 유해진%20부장%20(액센츄어 ).ppt


DB Modeling 2Relational Model

ORDER CUSTOMER ORDER_ITEM

ITEM

IDOrder_date (M)Order_type (M)

SSNName (M)Phone #Birthday

Order_IDItem_IDQuantity (M)Discount

IDDescription (M)Price (M)PRT_ID

PRODUCT

IDDescription (M)Type

*source: www.fkii.or.kr/data/seminar/uploaded_files/ 유해진%20부장%20(액센츄어 ).ppt


Normalization 1 1st Normal Form : (No Repeating Groups)

2nd Normal Form : ( Non-key Attribute depend on the whole primary key)

Children1Comment1….ChildrenXCommentX

Customer_ID

Comment

Customer_IDChild

Supplier_NamePart_colorContact_Name Contact_PhonePart_Price

Supplier_IDPart_NoCity_Name Supplier_Name

Supplier_ID

Part_ColorPart_Price

Part_No Contact_Name Contact_Phone

Supplier_IDPart_NoCity_Name

*adpated from www.fkii.or.kr/data/seminar/uploaded_files/ 유해진%20부장%20(액센츄어 ).ppt


Normalization 2 3rd Normal Form : (Non-Key Attributes depend

only and fully on primary key)

Boyce-Codd Normal Form(BCNF) 4NF 5NF

Supplier_NamePart_colorContact_Name Contact_PhonePart_Price

Part_No

Contact_Phone

Supplier_NameContact_NamePart_Color

Part_PriceSupplier_NameContact_Name

Part_No

*adpated from www.fkii.or.kr/data/seminar/uploaded_files/ 유해진%20부장%20(액센츄어 ).ppt



Index


Databases Open source Databases

MySQL

PostgreSQL

Commercial Databases

MS SQL Server

ORACLE

DB2

Informix



Index


SQLStructured Query Language: an ANSI standard computer language for accessing and manipulating databases

ANSI SQL: SQL Standard (SQL-92) ☞

MySQL: MySQL Server

Jet SQL: MS Access ☞

T-SQL (Transact-SQL) : SQL Server ☞

SQL*Plus, PL/SQL (Procedural Language/SQL) : Oracle ☞


What is a Database? File System vs. DBMS Database Models Database Modeling Databases SQL DBC Choosing a Database IA & DB Conclusion References

Index


Database Providers

ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) ☞ OLEDB(Object Linking and Embedding DB) ☞ ADO.NET (ActiveX Data Objects for .NET) ☞ JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) ☞

Data Consumer Data Provider Data Store

SQL ServerADO.NETASP.NET


What is a Database? File System vs. DBMS Database Models Database Modeling Databases SQL DBC Choosing a Database IA & DB Conclusion References

Index


Choosing a Database 1

Desktop or Server Database OS Environment Size of the project Flexibility Portability Cost/Budget

What else?


Choosing a Database 2POSTGRESQL MYSQL

ANSI SQL compliance Closer to ANSI SQL standard Follows some of the ANSI SQL standards

Performance Slower Faster

Sub-selects Yes No

Transactions Yes Yes, however InnoDB table type must be used

Database replication Yes Yes

Foreign key support Yes No

Views Yes No

Stored procedures Yes No

Triggers Yes No

Unions Yes No

Full joins Yes No

Constraints Yes No

Windows support Yes Yes

Vacuum (cleanup) Yes No

ODBC Yes Yes

JDBC Yes Yes

Different table types No Yes * source : www.sraapowergres.com/en/ whitepapers/postgres%20vs%20mysql.pdf



Index


IA & DB

Database Modeler - Coder - Information Architect

IA on the whole project

Front-end UI based on the DB Modeling

Your opinion…



Index


Conclusion

DBMS is now essential:

“Information Architects should know about it!”



Index


References

Database Models: Hierarcical, Network, Relational, Object-Oriented, Semistructured, Associative and Context.

Database Models Normalization eXtropia | Tutorials | Introduction to Databases for the Web | Database Models Data Modeling: Overview of the Relational Model DBMS - April 1998 - Modeling Object/Relational Databases Object-Relational Model Object-relational database articles and products Java Database Overview of ADO.NET Welcome to FKII PowerGres ZEUS/UniSQL - Korea Telecom Data,Inc

http://unixspace.com/context/databases.html





http://www.frick-cpa.com/ss7/Theory_Models.asp

http://www.frick-cpa.com/ss7/Theory_EX_Normalization.asp

http://www.extropia.com/tutorials/sql/database_models.html

http://www.extropia.com/tutorials/sql/database_models.html

http://www.utexas.edu/its/windows/database/datamodeling/rm/overview.html

http://www.dbmsmag.com/9804d13.html

http://www.csee.umbc.edu/help/oracle8/inter.815/a67295/sdo_para.htm

http://www.service-architecture.com/object-relational-databases/

http://www.firstsql.com/

http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/cpguide/html/cpconoverviewofadonet.asp


Appendix


Flat Model

Spreadsheet (e.g. Excel) ☝


Hierarchical Model

A

B C

D E F C1

D1 F1 F2

C2

☝


Network Model

Company Customer

Product Invoice Payment

InvoiceLine

1

M

M

1 1

M

M

1

M

1

☝


Relational Model 1

Class ID Class Name

1 IA&D2

2 ClassA

3 ClassB

Student ID

Name Address

1 John Far West

2 Tom Riverside

3 David Lake Austin

Student ID

Class ID

Name Address

1 2 John Far West2 3 Tom Riverside3 1 David Lake

Austin


Relational Model 2

Student ID

Name Address

1 John Far West2 Tom Riverside3 David Lake Austin

Class ID Class Name

1 IA&D22 ClassA3 ClassB

Class ID Student ID

1 3

2 1

3 2 ☝


Object-Oriented Model

Student

Grad Student

Class Department

studentsInClass()

studentsInDept()

profInThisDept()

inherit

printTranscript()

☝


Object/Relational Model

Relational Model

Object-oriented Model

Object-relational Model

☝* material from: http://www.ktdata.co.kr/ktdata/kthome7/zeus_5.htm


ANSI SQL

SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML)

SELECT - extracts data from a database table UPDATE - updates data in a database table DELETE - deletes data from a database table INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database table

SQL Data Definition Language (DDL)

CREATE TABLE - creates a new database table ALTER TABLE - alters (changes) a database table DROP TABLE - deletes a database table CREATE INDEX - creates an index (search key) DROP INDEX - deletes an index

☝


Jet SQL

IIF(InStr(si.GEOG_UNIT,',')<>0,MID([si.GEOG_UNIT],1,InStr([si.GEOG_UNIT],',')-1))

$query0 .= ($state && $state != 'state_undet') ? "AND ((si.GEOG_RANK='county' AND IIF(InStr(si.GEOG_UNIT,',')<>0,MID([si.GEOG_UNIT],1,InStr([si.GEOG_UNIT],',')-1)) $sql_op '$state') OR (si.GEOG_RANK='province' AND IIF(InStr(si.GEOG_UNIT,',')<>0,MID([si.GEOG_UNIT],InStr([si.GEOG_UNIT],',')+1)) $sql_op ' $state') OR (si.GEOG_RANK='province' AND IIF(InStr(si.GEOG_UNIT,',')=0,MID([si.GEOG_UNIT],InStr([si.GEOG_UNIT],',')+1)) $sql_op '$state'))":"";

☝


Stored Procedure

CREATE PROCEDURE prGet_CustomerRowSet

@sCustomerID NCHAR(5)

AS SELECT CompanyName, ContactName, City FROM Customers WHERE CustomerID = @sCustomerID

GO ☝


PL/SQLDECLARE qty_on_hand NUMBER(5); BEGIN

SELECT quantity INTO qty_on_hand FROM inventory WHERE product = 'TENNIS RACKET' FOR UPDATE OF quantity;

IF qty_on_hand > 0 THEN -- check quantity

UPDATE inventory SET quantity = quantity - 1 WHERE product = 'TENNIS RACKET';

ELSE INSERT INTO purchase_record VALUES ('Out of tennis rackets', SYSDATE); END IF; COMMIT;

END; ☝


ADO

<%set conn=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")conn.Provider="Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0"conn.Open(Server.Mappath("/db/northwind.mdb"))set rs = Server.CreateObject("ADODB.recordset")rs.Open "Select * from Customers", conn

do until rs.EOF for each x in rs.Fields Response.Write(x.name) Response.Write(" = ") Response.Write(x.value & "<br />") next Response.Write("<br />") rs.MoveNextloop

rs.closeconn.close%>

☝


ADO.NET

Visual Basic

Dim nwindConn As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection("Data Source=localhost;" & _ "Integrated Security=SSPI;Initial Catalog=northwind")

C#SqlConnection nwindConn = new SqlConnection("Data Source=localhost;Integrated Security=SSPI;Initial Catalog=northwind");

☝


ODBC

VBDim nwindConn As OdbcConnection = New

OdbcConnection("Driver={SQL Server};Server=localhost;" & _ "Trusted_Connection=yes;Database=northwind")

C#OdbcConnection nwindConn = new

OdbcConnection("Driver={SQL Server};Server=localhost;" + "Trusted_Connection=yes;Database=northwind");

☝


OLEDB

VBDim nwindConn As OleDbConnection = New

OleDbConnection("Provider=SQLOLEDB;Data Source=localhost;" & _ "Integrated Security=SSPI;Initial Catalog=northwind")

C#OleDbConnection nwindConn = new

OleDbConnection("Provider=SQLOLEDB;Data Source=localhost;Integrated Security=SSPI;Initial Catalog=northwind");

☝


JDBC

Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver") Connection con =

DriverManager.getConnection( "jdbc:oracle:thin:@dbaprod1:1521:SHR1_PRD", username, passwd);

☝

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