WEB BASED REAL-TIME HOME AUTOMATION AND SECURITY … · different devices (Ahmed El Shafee and Karim Alaa Hamed, 2012). So the path of Wi-Fi connectivity was chosen, using a router,

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Int. J. Elec&Electr.Eng&Telecoms. 2015 Subhajit Dey et al., 2015

WEB BASED REAL-TIME HOME AUTOMATIONAND SECURITY SYSTEM

Subhajit Dey1*, Tamaghna Kundu1, Sourav Mukherjee1 and Mili Sarkar1

*Corresponding Author: Subhajit Dey, [email protected]

In today’s world automation plays a very important role and in this project an automated way ofcontrolling home appliances through human interaction as well as through self-control of thesystem itself is provided. The manual mode helps user to control home appliances automaticallyusing PC or any Wi-Fi enabled Mobile phone in the same local area network. In automatedmode the system controls the appliances itself depending on some sensor reading, thus makingit fully automated. Another feature of the automated mode is the security mode. Through thismode user will be alerted if any intruder enter the main door when the system is active.

Keywords: Home automation, Arduino Uno, Wi-Fi, Low cost, Human interfaced system

INTRODUCTIONWith advancement of internet technologylifestyle of every person is changing constantly.Internet of Things is a concept where user canconnect distinct physical objects and controltheir operations through internet to make lifemore flexible and efficient. The idea of “Internetof Things” was first applied by Kevin Ashton(1999). The concept of the “Internet of Things”has a close relation with the blossoming homeautomation. The use of such system is growingat an enormous rate since the advent of it.Overall Internet usage has seen tremendousgrowth. During the first decade of 21st century,the headcount of Internet users globally

ISSN 2319 – 2518 www.ijeetc.comVol. 4, No. 3, July 2015

© 2015 IJEETC. All Rights Reserved

Int. J. Elec&Electr.Eng&Telecoms. 2015

1 Institute of Engineering and Management, Kolkata, India.

increased about 5 times. In the year 2014 thenumber of Internet users in the world exceeded3 billion. According to Euromonitor, by the year2020 about 43.7% of the world’s inhabitantswill be using Internet (Sriskanthan et al., 2002).

To begin the era of wireless controlBluetooth came to light in automation systemto control appliances while data is send inBluetooth frequencies. Though the system canwork well in a small range, it cannot be used inlong distance as signal attenuation is high andanother problem is signal interference withmultiple devices in use in small vicinity(Shepherd, 2001; and Bharanialankar andManikanda Babu (2014). Then there was GSM

Research Paper

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system where messages can be sent from amobile to control devices. Although this designwas much efficient but not very cost effective(Naresh Jawarkar et al., 2008; and PrakashKumar and Pradeep Kumar, 2013). Anotherimportant way to control many devices, is touse remote controller using infrared signal tocommunicate with devices which is wellavailable in the market (Rifat Shahriyar et al.,2008). There was also an idea to controlhousehold appliances using voice command.Such system uses voice modulation in mobileto decrypt our voice and thus commandingdifferent devices (Ahmed El Shafee and KarimAlaa Hamed, 2012). So the path of Wi-Ficonnectivity was chosen, using a router, tocommunicate with central device and controlthem (Bader et al., 2014). This system is veryeffective and can be used to control from afar-away point (within the range of the router)using many devices at a time with less costinvolved.

Keeping all the precursory articles in view,a design hypothesis for a low cost real-timehome automation system using Arduino Unomicrocontroller with Wi-Fi router areproposed in this prototype. The suggestedArduino-Uno micro-controller introduced inthis project provides a simple execution ofthe system as compared to the other types ofcontrollers. This system utilizes static IPbased communication. Here user can employa router to provide an IP address to themicrocontroller based device through anEthernet module that helps in internet basedcommunication via router. This system hasthree operational modes: the first one of themis based on any web supporting device whichis termed as manual mode, the second one

is based on sensor readings considered anautomated mode and the third one is securitymode for safety. Thus the user can use it inhis/her own way or can give control to thecentral device which controls the house itself.It also provides security as well. A hardwareimplementation of the proposed system isdeveloped to verify the reliability andlimitations of the model.

There are systems that uses onlyAndroid mobi les as a contro l andmonitoring unit (Rajeev Piyare, 2013). Thatalso uses IP based communication with thecentral device where an application is usedto control the appliances. This design isvery useful with latest smart phone users asthey can easily control home appliancesusing their mobile.

The rest of the paper is organised asfollows. The proposed system design isexplained in detail with a diagram in thesection II. In this part a detailed view is givenof how other devices (appliances) areinterfaced with the microcontroller and theEthernet module. In the next section (III) thehardware design is described to provide apractical view. In this section an overviewdifferent sensor used in the design is givenwith full picture of the design. In concludingpart (IV) the future scope and applications ofthis design is provided.

SYSTEM DESIGNThe main part of the system consists of aMicrocontroller with an Ethernet module forcontroll ing. This Ethernet module isconnected to a Wi-Fi router which gives astatic IP address to it so that it can use TCP/IP based communication with other

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accessing devices connected to the samerouter. This module is connected to fourappliances through relay devices toautomatically turn on and off those devices.As the relay devices are current controlleddevice, current amplification is needed tosupport low current output of themicrocontroller. Now that was a part whichrequires human control. To make this designmore efficient an automatic system has beendesigned as well. For this automated systemthere is a temperature sensor which sensesits immediate environment (i.e., a room) andindicates current temperature. Now thistemperature is shown in the GUI output andmicrocontroller uses it to change the speedof a fan connected to it.

As the temperature varies speed of the fanvaries according to it. Then there is an IRsensor, which is connected to a door of room,senses the entry of a person. If any personenters the IR sensor changes its output stateand triggers the microcontroller to put on thelight of that room only. Now again when theperson exits the room another IR sensorsenses that and directs the controller to put offthe light, increasing consumption efficiency aswell as making things more fast and advanced.The security system is another important partof this automation and gives this design a littlemore edge. A PIR module is used for thispurpose which senses any kind of interventionat the front gate to alert the user about anintruder.

Figure 1: System Overview

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SYSTEM HARDWAREThe suggested Home Automation and Securitysystem is composed of three main modules:Using Arduino as Web Server, HardwareInterface module and Human Interface whichcan be accessed from any PC or Wi-Fienabled phone. In case of long distancecommunication without using wires, Wi-Firouter provides convenient and cost-effectiveway of communicating with our sensors andactuators from webpage. The different InputOutput devices are controlled using TCP/IPover the IEEE 802.11 standard protocol. Databeing gathered from sensors, such as PIRsensors, temperature sensors, IR transmitterand receiver is being processed on an ArduinoUNO micro-controller as a server and thendisseminate with an attached Ethernet Shieldusing the TCP/IP protocol via Wi-Fi router.Arduino has a statically assigned IP address.Each time a request is passed to that IPaddress, an HTML page is sent as a responsewith implemented functionality and status of thedevices.

One of the merits of using HTML is that, datacan be observed from any Tab or Smart-phoneregarding all of the sensors in one location.Output devices such as power strip plugs canbe remotely managed also.

Each of the Modules is Explained inDetails

Web Server on ArduinoThis platform is the brain of the proposedHome Automation and Security system. Beingan open-source electronic framework Arduinoempowers us to design interactive electronicappliances. Arduino UNO consists of amicrocontroller (ATMEGA 328P-PU) based onthe AVR core architecture with complementarycomponents to facilitate programming andincorporation into other circuits.

A code written in C language can betransferred to the controller using PC via USBport. This is connected to the Wi-Fi router usingEthernet shield which is an add-on module forArduino. This Ethernet shield has the capacityto be used as a client or a server. Here the

Figure 2: Block Diagram

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Based on the encountered UniformResource Locator (URL) from the internetbrowser which contains embedded strings thathas a control byte, once picked by the server,will be executed as a specific commandattached to the string. A manually assigned IPaddress is assigned to the server which is inthis case 192.168.0.155. Initializing the serverwill make a request to the server to open alistening connection and after receiving a URLsuch as 192.168.0.155/? (Control Byte) it willdisplay the current state of sensors and I/Odevices and provides manual control, i.e.,Human Interface.

Hardware Interface ModuleThis module is the heart of the proposed HomeAutomation and Security system. It is madeup of the sensors and the actuators.

Temperature Sensor: LM35 temperaturesensor is used to measure the ambienttemperature and it is active for all the time thesystem is on. It is used to display the roomtemperature to the user when the user interfaceis refreshed. In the automated mode thissensed temperature is employed to control thespeed of fan connected at the output pin.

Figure 3: Flow Chart

Figure 4: Arduino Uno with Ethernet Shield

Arduino is programmed to use the Ethernetshield as a server. During the initializationstage, which is the first step to connectivity,the Ethernet module initiates connection withLocal Area Network (LAN) utilizing a static IPaddress.

Figure 5: Relay Board

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Relay: This unit is responsible for actualcontrol of load. It consists of a 6VDC-240VACrelay and protection diode to protect againstcounter electromotive force (CEMF).

Relay is used to switch power the powersocket and is controlled via the Arduino. Theappliances connected to the socket can becontrolled from the user interface and the statuscan also be monitored.

PIR Sensor: Passive Infrared sensor is anelectronic sensing device that senses infrared(IR) light emitted from entities in its field of viewand used to detect motion in its range. It isactivated only in the security mode to detectany unwanted motion at the entrance. If anyunwanted movement is detected then it willsignal the microcontroller to take necessarysteps.

IR Sensor: It will be activated in the automatedmode to detect person entering or coming outof the room and set a counter based on that. Ifthe counter show there is a person inside itwill light up the room automatically and turn onthe AC depending upon the temperaturereading.

Alarm: It will only be activated in the securitymode when some intruder is detected by thePIR motion sensor.

Human InterfaceThis is the thing that the user sees while usingit. A customized HTML web page is designedand embedded in the microcontroller program.The webpage consists of several controlbuttons as required by user, to control thedevices connected to the server, to control themode of working and to display the presentstatus of the Home Automation system. Thisprovides a graphical user interface forcontrolling the instruments at home from webenabled devices through server real IP. As theHTML page is resided in the server many clientcan access it at the same time and control thedevices. To know the current status of thesystem user has to use the refresh button on

Figure 6: IR Sensor

Figure 7: Mobile Interface

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Figure 8: Computer Interface

the web page to update the status. As a Wi-Firouter is used as the access medium the userhas to connect to it either via direct LAN orWireless network which is passwordprotected. So, only some authorised users canaccess the system. There are three differentmodes of operation.

In Automated mode the user relinquishesthe manual controls and the light and otherappliances based on the input sensor values.In Manual mode the user can use the buttonsin the web page to control the devices. When

Figure 9: Working View of Project

the security mode is turned on, the access tothe web page is blocked and no furtherinteraction is possible until a hardware buttonis pressed by the user to reactivate the webpage. During this time the system will retainthe last status before the security mode wasturned on. This ensures the security as onlythe owner can reactivate the webpageaccess.

CONCLUSIONIn the proposed design, a Wireless automatedhome control with security features ispresented. This design is very simple in nature.Arduino Uno microcontroller is the central partof the design where the server program forcontrolling is burned. Thus all the controlling isdone by it. For the web application the Htmlpart is provided inside the program thus itdoesn’t require any other application to bedeveloped for different gadgets. The securitymode is very invulnerable where nobody canaccess the system without deactivating thesecurity system from the activating device. Theautomated mode makes life easier for usersby complete automation of necessaryappliances without any human effort. Theapplication of the system could be:

1. In case of lighting control, it is possible toconserve energy in both residential andcommercial applications by automaticallycontrolling intensity of light depending on thepresence of anyone inside the room.

2. It could be useful for old aged/especiallyable people as appliances can becontrolled by merely a touch. It is alsopossible to control the system using voicecommands using Android. It is safe becausethere is no chance of getting electric shock.

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3. Security system has motion sensors that willdetect any kind of unapproved movementand alert the user through the alarm and viaweb page.

4. Security cameras can be installed which willmonitor the premises, allowing the user toobserve activity around the house.

Here wires are used to connect to theswitching devices for appliances but use ofsmall Wi-Fi modules can make the system fullywireless.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTWe acknowledge the advice of our belovedprofessors and those who previously workedon this concept. We also acknowledge theefforts of the critics of the journal for themodifications and suggestions to improve thequality of the paper.

REFERENCES1. Ahmed El Shafee and Karim Alaa Hamed

(2012), “Design and Implementation of aWiFi Based Home Automation System”,World Academy of Science, Engineeringand Technology, Vol. 6.

2. Bader M O Al-thobaiti, Iman I MAbosolaiman, Mahdi H M Alzahrani, SamiH A Almalki and Mohamed S Soliman(2014), “Design and Implementation ofReliable Wireless Real-Time HomeAutomation System Based on Arduinouno Single Board Microcontroller”,International Journal of Control,Automation and Systems.

3. Bharanialankar S R and Manikanda BabuC S (2014), “Intelligent Home ApplianceStatus Intimation Control and SystemUsing GSM”, International Journal of

Advanced Research in ComputerScience and Software Engineering,Vol. 4, No. 4.

4. Naresh P Jawarkar, Vasif Ahmed,Siddharth A Ladhake and Rajesh DThakare (2008), “Micro-Controller BasedRemote Monitoring Using Mobile ThroughSpoken Commands”, Journal ofNetworks, Vol. 3, No. 2.

5. Prakash Kumar and Pradeep Kumar(2013), “Arduino Based WirelessIntrusion Detection Using IR Sensor andGSM”, International Journal of ComputerScience and Mobile Computing, Vol. 2,No. 5.

6. Rajeev Piyare (2013), “Internet of Things:Ubiquitous Home Control and MonitoringSystem Using Android Based SmartPhone”, International Journal of Internetof Things.

7. Rifat Shahriyar, Enamul Hoque, Sohan SM, Iftekhar Naim, Md. Mostafa Akbar andMasud Karim Khan (2008), “RemoteControlling of Home Appliances UsingMobile Telephony”, International Journalof Smart Home.

8. Shepherd R (2001), “Bluetooth WirelessTechnology in the Home”, Journal ofElectronics and CommunicationEngineering.

9. Sriskanthan N, Tan F and Karande A(2002), “Bluetooth Based HomeAutomation System”, Microprocessorsand Microsystems.

10. Wood Alex (2015), “The Internet of Thingsis Revolutionising Our Lives, ButStandards are a Must”, The Guardian,theguardian.com

Documents

WEB BASED REAL-TIME HOME AUTOMATION AND SECURITY … · different devices (Ahmed El Shafee and Karim Alaa Hamed, 2012). So the path of Wi-Fi connectivity was chosen, using a router,