Web application security High tech threats

Ivan MarkovićIT Security Consultant

Reference

Web aplikacije

• Šta su web aplikacije i web tehnologije?• Klijent• Server

Web aplikacije

• Zašto su web aplikacije u većini slučajeva prva meta zlonamernih korisnika?

• Dostupnost, održavanje, ...

Web aplikacije

• Kako web aplikacije i propusti u njima ugrožavaju online i offline sisteme?

• Kako zaobilaze uobičajne metode zaštite?

Web aplikacije / Top Threats

• A1: Injection• A2: Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)• A3: Broken Authentication and Session Management• A4: Insecure Direct Object ReferencesA• 5: Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)• A6: Security Misconfiguration• A7: Insecure Cryptographic Storage• A8: Failure to Restrict URL Access• A9: Insufficient Transport Layer Protection• A10: Unvalidated Redirects and Forwards

High Tech Vulnerabilities

• Kako kombinacija uobičajnih propusta niskog rizika postaje ulaz za hakere?

EverCookie Virtually irrevocable persistent cookies

- Samy Kamkar, http://samy.pl/evercookie/

Storage mechanisms:- Standard HTTP Cookies

- Local Shared Objects (Flash Cookies) - Silverlight Isolated Storage - Storing cookies in Web History - Storing cookies in HTTP ETags - Storing cookies in Web cache - window.name caching - Internet Explorer userData storage - HTML5 Session Storage, Local Storage, Global Storage, Database Storage

via SQLite - Storing cookies in RGB values of auto-generated, force-cached PNGs using

HTML5 Canvas tag to read pixels (cookies) back out

Fun with Cookies

• Visitor Tracking Without Cookies (or How To Abuse HTTP 301s) http://www.scatmania.org/2012/04/24/visitor-tracking-without-cookies/

• XSS: Gaining access to HttpOnly Cookie in 2012

http://seckb.yehg.net/2012/06/xss-gaining-access-to-httponly-cookie.html

New DDoS tricks Slowloris

- Robert Hansen, http://ha.ckers.org/slowloris/- Keeps connections open by sending partial HTTP requests and sends headers at regular intervals to prevent the sockets from closing

Slow HTTP POST Attack- Onn Chee Wong, http://www.owasp.org/images/4/43/Layer_7_DDOS.pdf- OSI Layer 7- Content-Length: 1000 (bytes) / but send it 1 byte per 110 seconds

New DDoS tricks

Javascript LOIC- Low Orbit Ion Cannon - an open source network attack application, written in C#

HTML 5 WebWorkers and Cross Origin Requests- Lavakumar Kuppan, http://blog.andlabs.org/2010/12/performing-ddos-attacks-with-html5.html

Click Jacking

also known as a "UI redress attack", is when an attacker uses multiple transparent or opaque layers to trick a user into clicking on a button or link on another page when they were intending to click on the the top level page

http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Clickjacking

Click Jacking http://www.sectheory.com/clickjacking.htm

Browser Auto Complete

I want to know your name, who you work for, where you live, your email address ...

- Jeremiah Grossman, http://jeremiahgrossman.blogspot.com/2010/08/breaking-browsers-hacking-auto-complete.html

Safari Address Book Autofill Internet Explorer stealing previously entered data Writing to auto complete Read remembered passwords

Browser Auto Complete

Safari Address Book Autofill

Browser Auto Complete

Safari Address Book Autofill

Browser Auto Complete

Safari Address Book Autofill

<form> Name: <input type="text" name="name"> Company: <input type="text" name="company"> City: <input type="text" name="city">State: <input type="text" name="state"> Country: <input type="text" name="country"> Email: <input type="text" name="email"> </form>

Browser Auto Complete

I want to know your name, who you work for, where you live, your email address ...

- Jeremiah Grossman, http://jeremiahgrossman.blogspot.com/2010/08/breaking-browsers-hacking-auto-complete.html

Safari Address Book Autofill Internet Explorer stealing previously entered data Writing to auto complete Read remembered passwords with XSS

Browser and Web app plugins

Browser plugins, http://research.zscaler.com/2011/02/browser-plugins-and-security.html

Security considerations:

- see login/password credentials in clear text - send back the credentials to any website - modify the web pages seen by the user

- add/delete/modify files on the computer - run executables

Browser plugins

Malicious browser plugins examples:

2007: Firebug goes evil: http://www.gnucitizen.org/blog/firebug-goes-evil/

console.log({'<script>alert("bing!")</script>':'exploit'})

2009: NoScript vs Adblock: http://www.informationweek.com/news/internet/browsers/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=217700105

Browser plugins

Malicious browser plugins examples:

2010: TROJAN: http://blog.mozilla.com/addons/2010/02/04/please-read-security-issue-on-amo/

- Sothink Web Video Downloader / Win32.LdPinch.gen- Master Filer / Win32.Bifrose.32.Bifrose

Btw, how is situation in the wild ?

Web app plugins

Web application plugins- Wordpress, Joomla, …

http://secunia.com/advisories/search/?search=wordpress

Web app plugins

Web application plugins- Wordpress, Joomla, …

http://secunia.com/advisories/search/?search=joomla

XSS in IE XSS Filter

Mistake by design, Eduardo Vela Nava and David Lindsay, http://p42.us/ie8xss/

Internet Explorer 8 implements an anti Cross-site Scripting (XSS) mechanism to detect certain types of XSS attacks. This feature can be abused by attackers in order to enable XSS on web sites and web pages that would otherwise be immune to XSS.

For the most part, this neutering mechanism is effective at blocking certain types of XSS attacks from occuring. However, altering a server's response before it gets rendered by the browser may have unintended consequences.

XSS in IE XSS Filter

Mistake by design, Eduardo Vela Nava and David Lindsay, http://p42.us/ie8xss/

Example:

<img alt="[injection here]" src="x.png">

Injection string: x onload=alert(0) x

<img alt="x onload=alert(0) x" src="x.png"> - will not execute the alert

<img alt#"x onload=alert(0) x" src="x.png"> - will execute the alert

Cross Site Request Forgery

CSRF is an attack which forces an end user to execute unwanted actions on a web application in which he/she is currently authenticated

http://secunia.com/advisories/search/?search=Cross+Site+Request+Forgery&sort_by=date

Cross Site Request Forgery

Facebook:

http://www.john-jean.com/blog/advisories/facebook-csrf-and-xss-vulnerabilities-destructive-worms-on-a-social-network-350

Twitter:

http://techcrunch.com/2010/09/26/dont-click-the-wtf-link-on-twitter-unless-you-do-like-sex-with-goats

HTTP Parameter Pollution

Stefano di Paola and Luca Carettoni, http://www.owasp.org/images/b/ba/AppsecEU09_CarettoniDiPaola_v0.8.pdf

How does your application respond if it receives multiple parameters all with the same name ?

Bypass firewall, Change application behaviour, …

HTTP Parameter Pollution

HTTP Parameter Contamination

HTTP PARAMETER CONTAMINATION (HPC) original idea comes from the innovative approach found in HPP research by exploring deeper and exploiting strange behaviors in Web Server components, Web Applications and Browsers as a result of query string parameter contamination with reserved or non expected characters. Some facts: - The term Query String is commonly used to refer to the part between the “?” and the end of the URI - As defined in the RFC 3986, it is a series of field-value pairs - Pairs are separated by “&” or “;” - RFC 2396 defines two classes of characters: Unreserved: a-z, A-Z, 0-9 and _ . ! ~ * ' ( ) Reserved: ; / ? : @ & = + $ , Unwise: { } | \ ^ [ ] `

INTRANET Hacking

From Website to LAN

Browser plugins

Cross Site Request Forgeryhttp://netsec.rs/31/huawei-hg510-multiple-vulnerabilities/494/

CSS History Hack for Port Scanning (with and without Java Script): http://ha.ckers.org/blog/20100125/css-history-hack-in-firefox-without-javascript-for-intranet-portscanning/

INTRANET Hacking From Website to LAN Cross Site Request Forgery

http://netsec.rs/31/huawei-hg510-multiple-vulnerabilities/494/

INTRANET Hacking

From Website to LAN

Cross Site Request Forgeryhttp://netsec.rs/31/huawei-hg510-multiple-vulnerabilities/494/

.: POC (CSRF / Change password)

http://PUBLIC_IP_OF_USER/password.cgi?sysPassword=BASE64_NEW_PASSWORD

.: POC (CSRF / DoS)

http://PUBLIC_IP_OF_USER/rebootinfo.cgi

Exotic threats in 2012

• White Hat Security Exotic Threatshttp://blog.whitehatsec.com/top-ten-web-hacking-techniques-of-2012/

Playground

• Demo okruženje za analizu bezbednosti• BackTrack Linux• Metasploit

PITANJA