WeatherWeather S4E3. Students will differentiate between the states of water and how they relate to the water S4E3. Students will differentiate between the states of water and how they relate to the water cycle and weather. cycle and weather.

a. Demonstrate how water changes states from solid (ice) to liquid (water) to gas (water vapor/steam) a. Demonstrate how water changes states from solid (ice) to liquid (water) to gas (water vapor/steam) and changes from gas to liquid to solid. and changes from gas to liquid to solid. b. Identify the temperatures at which water becomes a solid and at which water becomes a gas. b. Identify the temperatures at which water becomes a solid and at which water becomes a gas. c. Investigate how clouds are formed. c. Investigate how clouds are formed. d. Explain the water cycle (evaporation, condensation, and precipitation). d. Explain the water cycle (evaporation, condensation, and precipitation). e. Investigate different forms of precipitation and sky conditions. (rain, snow, sleet, hail, clouds, and fog). e. Investigate different forms of precipitation and sky conditions. (rain, snow, sleet, hail, clouds, and fog).

S4E4. Students will analyze weather charts/maps and collect weather data to predict weather S4E4. Students will analyze weather charts/maps and collect weather data to predict weather events and infer patterns and seasonal changes. events and infer patterns and seasonal changes.

a. Identify weather instruments and explain how each is used in gathering weather data and making a. Identify weather instruments and explain how each is used in gathering weather data and making forecasts (thermometer, rain gauge, barometer, wind vane, anemometer). forecasts (thermometer, rain gauge, barometer, wind vane, anemometer). b. Using a weather map, identify the fronts, temperature, and precipitation and use the information to b. Using a weather map, identify the fronts, temperature, and precipitation and use the information to interpret the weather conditions. interpret the weather conditions. c. Use observations and records of weather conditions to predict weather patterns c. Use observations and records of weather conditions to predict weather patterns throughout the year. throughout the year. d. Differentiate between weather and climate. d. Differentiate between weather and climate.

S4E3 a & bS4E3 a & bChanging states of Changing states of mattermatter

Solids, liquids, and gas oh my! ExperimentSolids, liquids, and gas oh my! Experiment

Mr. Parr's States of Matter

Identify the temperature a liquid Identify the temperature a liquid becomes a gas and a solid.becomes a gas and a solid.

What temperature does water become a What temperature does water become a gas?gas?

What temperature does water become a What temperature does water become a solid?solid?

S4E3cS4E3cCloudsClouds

Clouds form in air that is relatively high in Clouds form in air that is relatively high in humidity (the air contains a lot of water humidity (the air contains a lot of water vapor). As warm air is forced up, it cools. vapor). As warm air is forced up, it cools. Some o the water vapor begins to Some o the water vapor begins to condense on dust and other particles in condense on dust and other particles in the air. As more and more water the air. As more and more water condenses, a cloud forms. A cloud is condenses, a cloud forms. A cloud is basically dust and condensed water.basically dust and condensed water.

Clouds close passageClouds close passage

Cloud Song

Experiment withExperiment with

Shaving Cream Clouds.Shaving Cream Clouds.

Water covers most of Earth’s surface. This Water covers most of Earth’s surface. This is why many people call Earth the water is why many people call Earth the water planet. Most of Earth’s water is in oceans. planet. Most of Earth’s water is in oceans. That water is salty. You can’t drink it. You That water is salty. You can’t drink it. You can’t use it to grow plants. People need can’t use it to grow plants. People need fresh water to drink, wash, and grow fresh water to drink, wash, and grow plants.plants.

Most of Earth’s freshwater is frozen. It is in Most of Earth’s freshwater is frozen. It is in big sheets of ice called glaciers. Earth big sheets of ice called glaciers. Earth does have some fresh water in rives and does have some fresh water in rives and lakes. There is even fresh water lakes. There is even fresh water underground. People pump it up to Earth’s underground. People pump it up to Earth’s surface.surface.

S4E3dS4E3dThe Water CycleThe Water Cycle

Water is always moving. It goes from Water is always moving. It goes from Earth’s surface into the air. Then it Earth’s surface into the air. Then it comes back down again. This is called comes back down again. This is called the water cycle. the water cycle.

First, the sun warms Earth’s water. Some First, the sun warms Earth’s water. Some water changes from a liquid to a gas. water changes from a liquid to a gas. This gas, called water vapor, moves up This gas, called water vapor, moves up into the air. into the air.

In the air, the water vapor cools. It changes back to In the air, the water vapor cools. It changes back to liquid water. In the clouds, water droplets join to liquid water. In the clouds, water droplets join to make larger drops. When the drops become make larger drops. When the drops become heavy enough, they fall back to Earth.heavy enough, they fall back to Earth.

The drops may fall into an ocean, a lake, or a river. The drops may fall into an ocean, a lake, or a river. They may soak into the ground. Or they may be They may soak into the ground. Or they may be warmed by the sun and become water vapor warmed by the sun and become water vapor again.again.

HSP Water Cycle

Mr. Parr Water Cycle Song

EvaporationEvaporation

Evaporation is what happens when a liquid Evaporation is what happens when a liquid changes into a gas. Liquid water changes into a gas. Liquid water evaporates. It changes to water vapor. evaporates. It changes to water vapor. Water vapor is invisible. It mixes with Water vapor is invisible. It mixes with other gases in the air.other gases in the air.

Tea kettle picture. Water boils and Tea kettle picture. Water boils and becomes water vapor at 100 degree C.becomes water vapor at 100 degree C.

CondensationCondensation

Condensation is what happens when a gas Condensation is what happens when a gas changes into a liquid. Water vapor cools. changes into a liquid. Water vapor cools. It changes to a liquid. Water droplets It changes to a liquid. Water droplets mix with bits of dust in the air. This mix with bits of dust in the air. This makes clouds. Very high clouds may makes clouds. Very high clouds may have tiny bits of ice because the water have tiny bits of ice because the water drops froze.drops froze.

S4E3eS4E3ePrecipitationPrecipitation

The water that forms in clouds return to The water that forms in clouds return to Earth as precipitation. Precipitation is Earth as precipitation. Precipitation is water that falls from the atmosphere to water that falls from the atmosphere to Earth’s surface. Earth’s surface.

Can you name the different forms of Can you name the different forms of precipitation and sky conditions?precipitation and sky conditions?

Different forms of Different forms of precipitation and sky precipitation and sky

conditionsconditionsRain, snow, sleet, hail, clouds, and fog., clouds, and fog.

HSP Precipitation

Precipitation close passage and foldable.Precipitation close passage and foldable.

ExperimentExperiment

Water cycle in a bucket.Water cycle in a bucket.

Observe and Infer (page 117)Observe and Infer (page 117)

S4E4aS4E4aEQ: How can I identify weather EQ: How can I identify weather instruments used to predict and measure instruments used to predict and measure weather?weather?

Meteorology is the study of weather. We Meteorology is the study of weather. We use many tools to forecast, or predict, use many tools to forecast, or predict, future weather.future weather.

Thermometer, Barometer, Anemometer, Thermometer, Barometer, Anemometer, Wind Vane, and Rain GaugeWind Vane, and Rain Gauge

ThermometerThermometer

A thermometer is a A thermometer is a

weather tool used to weather tool used to

measure the temperature.measure the temperature.

BarometerBarometer

Barometers are Barometers are

important to important to

measuring air pressure. measuring air pressure.

Air pressure can helpAir pressure can help

you predict good oryou predict good or

bad weather.bad weather.

AnemometerAnemometer

Wind speed is an Wind speed is an

important part ofimportant part of

weather.weather.

An anemometerAn anemometer

is a weather toolis a weather tool

that measures that measures

wind speed.wind speed.

Wind VaneWind Vane

By observing wind vanes, By observing wind vanes,

we can know the directionwe can know the direction

of the wind. Knowing the of the wind. Knowing the

direction of the wind is andirection of the wind is an

important part in important part in

predicting the weather.predicting the weather.

Rain GaugeRain Gauge

A rain gauge is a weather tool used to collect rain. Using measurements on the side of the rain gauge, you can see how many inches it rained.

Mr. Parr Weather Instruments SongMr. Parr Weather Instruments Song

S4E4b S4E4b Weather Maps & Weather Maps &

FrontsFrontsA front is where two air masses meet. A cold front forms A front is where two air masses meet. A cold front forms

where a cool air mass moves under a warm air mass. where a cool air mass moves under a warm air mass. The warm air is pushed up quickly. It cools and forms The warm air is pushed up quickly. It cools and forms thick clouds. They bring heavy rain or snow. Cold thick clouds. They bring heavy rain or snow. Cold fronts move fast, so the storms pass quickly.fronts move fast, so the storms pass quickly.

A warm front forms where a warm air mass moves over a A warm front forms where a warm air mass moves over a cold air mass. The warm air slowly sides up and over cold air mass. The warm air slowly sides up and over the cold air. Stratus clouds form. They bring rain or the cold air. Stratus clouds form. They bring rain or snow that can last for hours. Rainfall amounts are snow that can last for hours. Rainfall amounts are measured by rain gauges. measured by rain gauges.

Mr. Parr Weather Front SongMr. Parr Weather Front Song

Weather ForecastingWeather Forecasting

Weather MapsWeather Maps

Weather maps use symbols. The map key Weather maps use symbols. The map key show what each symbol means. show what each symbol means.

Look at the map.Look at the map.

Cont with page 49Cont with page 49

Forecasting WeatherForecasting Weather

Meteorologists forecast weather. They use Meteorologists forecast weather. They use measurements from tools on the ground. measurements from tools on the ground. They also use data from satellites in They also use data from satellites in space. space.

They may see small changes in They may see small changes in temperature and air pressure. But these temperature and air pressure. But these small changes can cause big changes small changes can cause big changes over time. This is why weather can not over time. This is why weather can not be predicted to far into the future.be predicted to far into the future.

Weather Patterns Weather Patterns & Climates& Climates

Weather in most places follows a pattern. Weather in most places follows a pattern. It may generally be cool in the morning It may generally be cool in the morning and warm in the afternoon. It all depends and warm in the afternoon. It all depends on how much sunlight you get Many on how much sunlight you get Many places have different weather in winter, places have different weather in winter, spring, summer, and fall. Climate is a spring, summer, and fall. Climate is a place’s average weather over many place’s average weather over many years.years.

S4E4c Observing and S4E4c Observing and Record Weather ConditionsRecord Weather Conditions

Intro daily graphing of weather.Intro daily graphing of weather.