Name: Period: _

WEATHER Chapter 24 Pages 600-621

Vocabulary What is this? What does it look like? (draw a picture orWord diagram)

Air Mass

Cold Front

Warm Front

StationaryFront

OccludedFront

Mid-LatitudeCyclone

Thunderstorm

Hurricane

Vocabulary What is this? What does it look like? (draw a picture orWord diagram)

Tornado

Thermometer

Barometer

Anemometer

Windvane

Radiosonde

Radar

Station Model

Date _

IAssessment) en ·~L{ ~. ~

_ _ p! &bS: - (,,/0

Name Class Date.-- __

IAssessment) th.~p~{ J-tf See. (- p . (,01 - (P0'j

Name

Section: Air MassesMATCHING

in the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches theterm or phrase.

Class _

1. continental polar

Sedion: FrontsMAlCHlNGIn the SJNIC8 provided. write the letter of the rlesaiption thet best matches thetenn or phrase.a. an air mass that originates in southern Atlantic

and Pacific areas and brings warm, moist air

b. an air mass that originates in North Atlantic andNorth Pacific areas and brings cold, moist air

c. an air mass that originates in Canada andbrings cold, dry air

d. an air mass that originates in U.S. southwestand brings warm, dry air

2. maritime tropical1. cold front

1.maritime polar 2. tornado4. continental

tropical1. hurricane

4. wann front

•

MULTIPLE CHOICEIn the space provided, write the letter of the answer choice that best completeseach statement or best answers each question.

5. As lower layers of air are warmed,a. the air rises.b. winds form,

5. midlatitude cyclone

6. thunderstorm

c. the air <hies.d. the air sinks.

6. What air masses generally move eastward, toward Europe?a. maritime tropical Pacific c. maritime polar Pacificb. maritime tropical Atlantic d. maritime polar Atlantic

7. A large body of air throughout which temperature and moisture con.tent are similar is a(n)

a. an area of low pressure, rotating wind thatmoves toward the rising air of the centrallow-pressure system

b. a destructive, rotating, funnel-shaped col-umn of air with high wind speeds

c. the front edge of a moving mass of cold airthat pushes beneath a warmer air mass likea wedge

d. a brief. heavy stonn with rain, wind, light-ning, and thunder

e. a severe storm that develops over tropi-cal oceans, whose strong winds spiral intoward the low-pressure storm center

f. the front edge of advancing warm air massthat replaces colder air with wanner air

MULTIPLE CHOICEIn the spate provided. write the letter of the enower dloice that best completeseach statement or best .nswers each question.

7. Which of the following is NOT a thunderstorm stage?a. mature c. dissipathlgb. cumulus d. fading

B. What type of path does a tornado take if it touches down?a. haphazard c. straightb. extremely wide d. predictable

9. A weather event in which the air sinks and flows outward from a cen-ter of high pressure, and that brings dry weather is aCn)a. heat storm. Co anticyclone.b. front. d. cyclone.

__ 10. A hurricane begins when warm, moist air rises rapidly and the mois-ture condenses, releasing energy in the fonn ofa. tropical heat. c. rising heat.b. latent heat. d. ionized heat.

a. storm.b. air mass.

c. wind beltd. air pressure.

8. An air mass usually brings the weather ofa. its destination. c. its path of movementb. its source region. d. an undetermined source.

9. Continental polar, maritime polar, continental tropical, and maritimetropical are types ofa. air fronts,b. air systems.

C. air masses.d. airflow.

--- 10. Air masses responsible for cool, dry air in northern summers area. cont.inental polar, c. maritime polar.b. maritime tropical. d. continental tropical.

~~~~:'I=:~~;~:~ I1uICI1:ut. andWil~ooll.All rightsreS;~·i~'d!;_.------------,W:O-:-ea-:th;-e-'Copyright. C by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

WeatherHok Earth Science 32

Name C1ass _ Date _ Name Class _

IDirected Reading continued

Date _

Direded ReadinSkillsWorksheet

'FC{_(1e ~ II Cha_ptt'v ;2~10. Why do scientists use barometers to help them predict the weather?

Section: Weather Instruments1. Name five measurements on which weather observations are based.

11. Explain how an anemometer works.

2. How do meteorologists use these measurements? MEASURING UPPER-ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS12. Why do meteorologists study upper-atmospheric conditions?

MEASURING LOWER ATMOSPHERIC CONDmONSIn the space provided, write the letter of the definition that best matches the termor phrase.

a. an instrument that measures atmospheric pressureb. a thermal resistor that measures temperature and

responds quickly to temperature changesc. an instrument that measures wind speed

d. an instrument that measures and indicatestemperature, often in the form of a sealed glasstube filled with mercury or alcohol

e. an instrument that determines the direction ofwind with an arrow shaped device that turnsfreely as the tail catches the wind

f. an instrument that measures and indicatestemperature using an electric current

9. Describe how an electrical thermometer works.

3. thermometer

4. electricalthermometer

5. thermistor

6. barometer

7. anemometer

8. wind vane

13. What is a radiosonde?

14.Explain how a radiosonde works.

15.What is radar?

16. How does radar track a storm?

Copyright@ by Holt, Rinehart and Wmston All rights reserved.Holt Earth Science 18

Cop,vright © by Holt, Rinehart and Wmston All rights reserved.Weather Holt Earth Science 19 Weather

Nrume __

IDirected Reading continued

Class __ Date _

17. Explain what Doppler radar can tell meteorologists.

18. What important purpose do weather satellites serve?

19. How do weather satellites measure the direction and speed of the wind at thelevel of the clouds?

20. How do weather satellites monitor weather at night?

21. What types of marine conditions do weather satellites monitor?

22. Explain how meteorologists use supercomputers to forecast weather.

Copyright © by Ilolt, lllilehart and Winston. AU rignts reserved.Holt EarthScience 20 Weather

Section: Forecasting the Weather p, &/S-1. How did people of early civilizations meet the challenges of weather prediction? _

2. Describe the origins of scientific weather forecasting. _

GLOBAL WEATHER MONITORING

3. List seven types of weather observations reported from weather stations around the world.

4. What are three services provided by the World Meteorological Organization?

WEATHER FORECASTS

5. How do meteorologists forecast the weather?

6. How do computers use information supplied by Doppler radar and satellite images?

7. Explain why meteorologists use more than one computer model to forecast weather.

8. What types of weather information can be predicted most accurately?

9. What types of weather information are more difficult to predict accurately?

10. Explain how meteorologists use computers to make more accurate forecasts.

Name 0355 _ Date _

SkillsWorksheet

Graphing Skills

Bar GraphsBar graphs are useful tools for comparing data values. For example, you mightcompare wind speeds for tornadoes. The Fuiita scale, which is used to measuretornado intensity, considers wind speed as well as the amount of damage caused.Tornadoes are ranked from F-O to F-5, with each level having a minimum andmaximum wind speed level.To create a bar graph comparing maximum tornado wind speeds as ranked on theFujita scale, you would label six bar positions on the x-axis with the Fujita scalerankings (F-O through F-5). On the y-axis you would include a range of maxi-mum wind speeds from 0 to 350 mph in equal increments. Then you would drawbars representing the top wind speeds for each ranking. Your bar graph wouldlook like the sample below:

Fujita Tomado Intensity Scale350r----------------------------------.

:i:ICI.

.5.

I~r:::3:E::I

.5=:E

F-O F-l F-2 F-3

RankingF-4 F-5

PRACTICEUse the graph above to answer the following questions.1_How much more wind speed can an F-4 tornado have than an F-2 tornado?

2. Which tornado ranking includes the most dangerous tornadoes?

Copyright © by Ilelt, Rinehart and \Ymston. AU rights reserved.Holt EarthScience 29 Weather

Name _ Class __ Date _

IGraphing Skills continued

3. Why do you think there is no F-Granking? (This category was proposed forthe original scale.)

4. TIle following table shows the six highest recorded temperatures in variousregions around the world. Use this data to create a bar graph in the grid below.

EXTREME HIGH GLOBAL TEMPERATURESRegion Temperature ("F)

EI Azizia, Libya 136

Death Valley, CA 134

Tirat Tsvi, Israel 129Cloncurry, Queensland 128

Seville, Spain 122Rivadavia, Argentina 120

Copyright~, by IIolt, Rinehart and Wm'Ston.All rights reserved.Ho~ Earth Science 30 Weather

Name Date .

A HURRICANE'S LIFE READING ADIAGRAM

Hurricanes are born over Africa. The giant, swirling storms are fueled by wet weather, winds andwarm ocean waters. Read the diagram to learn how hurricanes form. Then use it to help youanswer the questions below.

__ ~.TlroDlical storms and hurricanesIf the storm holds together, a column-shaped eye forms at itscenter. Winds spin around it, faster and faster. When winds reach40 miles per hour, the system is called a tropical storm. Whenwinds reach 74 miles per hour, it's a hurricane.

o:t:P;u..,."o;uj3:

'"-no;u

~otnm-<L

omN

'"."-n

After the stormHurricanes weaken after theyreach land. Some never hitland. Instead, they turnnortheast and die out overthe Atlantic Ocean.

Some storms remain small. But a few gatherwarm ocean moisture, speeding up as theytravel west. When bands of thesethunderstorms form a swirling pattern, thesystem is called a tropical depression.Other winds

help build thestormUpper- and lower-level windsblowing nearby inthe same directionhelp hurricanesgain strength.Winds blowing indifferent directionsor at differentspeeds can tearthe storm apart.

When hot, dry airfrom the Saharadesert meets cooler,moist air from theSahel region tothe south, smallstorms form.

1. Hurricanes are born over which continent? _

2. What do hurricanes need to form? _

:5. What is a tropical depression? _

4. At which wind speed does a storm turn into a hurricane? _

5. What happens to a hurricane's strength as it reaches land? _

0, In which parts of the U.S. are people in great danger of being hit by hurricanes? Why?

© 2005 TIME FORKIDS, World Report Edition. This page may be photocopied for use with students.' Vol. 11, No.2' September 9, 20053