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Earth weather and climate Year 1/ # 1

May 15 / 2012

www.issuu.com/ WeatherandclimateSE8E

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Table of Contents

3. Editorial

4. Weather vs. Climate

5. How does the atmosphere affect the climate?

6. How does temperature affect climate?

7. How does precipitation affect climate?

8. Effects of clouds on weather and climate

9. Cloud types - photos

10. Cloud types - photos

11. Human impact on climate

12. Acknowledgments

Staff

Director: Sebastian Eljuri

Editors: Sebastian Eljuri, Pedro Eljuri, Santiago Eljuri, Jose Eljuri and Jose Maria

Eljuri

Design and layout: Taxo Design

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Editorial

In our first edition we want to present to our readers

weather and climate of Earth and how people are destroying it.

In this magazine we will be talking about what is occurring to the

Earth. We think that is important to notify our readers what is

happening on the planet that they live on. We think that it is

important for people to know what is happening with the Earths

weather, climate, atmosphere, precipitation, temperature,

clouds, ozone layer and climate changes because of human

civilization. Our staff has put a lot of effort into creating this

magazine with the most new and up-to-date information. We

hope that our readers have a good time while reading Weather

and Climate magazine!

By: Sebastian Eljuri

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Weather vs. Climate

Almost all the people

believe that weather and

climate have the same

significance. Some of them say that climate and weather is

when people undergo a commotion of cold temperature or hot

temperature. In fact weather and climate are two terms of

meteorology, but they are very different between each other.

Weather is the day by day condition of the atmosphere in short

time variation. Weather can obtain the measure of temperature

by minutes to weeks. Climate is defined as weather information

that describes the difference of weather at a particular position

for a specific time. Climate is what people are expecting in the

weather to occur, while weather is what the climate is truly going

to be.

Another of the main differences among climate and

weather is that climate studies climatology, while weather

studies meteorology. A lot of things might happen between

weather and climate. In weather things such as: precipitation,

temperature and wind could occur. Instead, in climate rain,

storms, flooding and snow could happen. A lot of organizations

like NASA, NOAA, EPA, CPC and CAC stay in touch with weather

and climate.

By: Pedro Eljuri

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How the atmosphere affects the climate?

The atmosphere affects all the things that exist in our

surroundings. It can affect also, climate and weather in a variety of

ways. As earth is always radiating energy at infrared wavelengths,

rays that are released can affect drastically the earth’s climate.

Water vapor and carbon dioxide soak up, and can emit infrared rays

in all directions. Heat modifies the earth’s surface, causing a huge

effect over the climate.

Gasses act as an isolated layer of lower atmosphere. Water

vapor is the most present greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, which

could cause devastation in earth’s climate. Without these destructive

gasses, the earth’s temperature would be very balanced. As

greenhouse gases exist the stable temperature in earth is around 59

Fahrenheit. Greenhouse gasses keep our planet warm and protect us

from direct effects of sun radiation. Without this gasses earth couldn’t

maintain life. As we can see this greenhouse gases that infrared rays

emit, are very destructive and can change the temperature of

climate in earth.

By: Santiago Eljuri

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How temperature affects climate?

Temperature, is constantly affecting climate, people and earth.

It is disturbing, people in activities they do, whether there is a cold or

hot temperature in a specific day. Sun causes weather because it

heats the earth and the atmosphere. All changes in weather come

from the sun. Temperature can also affect bodies of water, and their

climate. When precipitation occurs in a body of water, it will grow

increasingly, depending on the amount of water that have fall from

clouds.

In rivers, precipitation can cause a lot of problems because

water could grow meters up, and then floods could occur. People

who live near the water will experience different types of breezes, and

they are also exposed from water entering their properties. In a lot of

countries farmers have pieces of land near the water for feeding their

vegetations. It is cheaper getting the water for a body of water than

use a hosepipe. Temperature affects the climate in a lot of ways, but

stopping what the temperature would be in a specific day is

impossible.

By: Jose Eljuri

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How precipitation affects climate?

Precipitation is the amount of rain that has fallen at a given place

within a given period. Precipitation could be measured in centimeters. It

affects climate, persons and also the earth. It can mainly affect human by

don’t allowing them do activities because of the climate. Sometimes, when

it’s raining, some light post can damage, and that means that people don’t

have electricity. People, while driving in the highway are terrified because

the way, when it rains, turns into soap. Precipitation could also affect the

earth when the water collects wastes and move them to another place, it

pollutes more the earth. The amount of precipitation is a gauge of climate

change that people experience nowadays. When precipitation occurs, rain

falls down and evaporates. As the ozone layer is thicker, the rain doesn’t

escape as particles.

They are five types of precipitation: rain, hail,

freezing rain, sleet and snow. Rain is the type

of precipitation that happens frequently. It

occurs when tiny cloud droplets collide to

form bigger droplets. Then the droplet begins

to fall from the sky. Hail is a precipitation that

is found in very intense thunderstorms. Hail is

seen when the air surface is below freezing. When hail occurs, small balls of

ice will fall from the sky. Freezing rain is the dangerous type of precipitation.

Freezing rain occurs when there is a shallow layer of air at a surface that is

below freezing, followed by a layer of above freezing air above it. Sleet is

frozen raindrops. Sleet occurs when there is a warm layer of air above a

relatively deep sub-freezing layer at the surface. Sleet usually does not last

long and it happens at winter months. Snow occurs when the layer of the

atmosphere from the surface of the earth through the cloud is entirely

below freezing. This precipitation falls from the cloud as snow and does not

melt at all while falling to the ground. A region climate is determined by

natural and human made factors. Changes in one of these factors can

cause local, regional and global changes in climate. These are the main

factors that the fall of water affects the environment.

By: Andres Eljuri

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Effect of clouds on weather and climate

Clouds are very important in the earth, as

they carry the rain that falls from the sky. Clouds are mainly seen as,

grayish or white color and they appear in different forms, depending

in many things. It exist six types of clouds in our earth’s surface. They

are divided in: high clouds, middle clouds, low clouds, clouds with

vertical growth, unusual clouds and contrails.

High clouds, as it remarks its name, are the clouds that are from

5000 to 13000 meters. One of the main distinctiveness of this type is

that they appear mainly in winter. Middle clouds, are from 2000 to

7000 meters. The main characteristic of this type of cloud is that the

main colors of the cloud are white and gray. Low clouds are from the

earth surface to 2000 meters. The main characteristic of this clouds

are that they can cover almost all the sky. These are the most

important clouds and the often viewed in the earth’s skies. Clouds

with vertical growth start at the earth’s surface to 13000 meters. This

kind divides in two types, Cumulus and Cumulonimbus. Cumulus is

puffy clouds that look like floating cotton balls. Cumulonimbus is a

cloud that is associated with rains and can grow up to 10 km. Unusual

clouds, are clouds that are not seen frequently. This type divides in

three clouds: Lenticular, Kelvin- Helmholtz and Mammatus. Lenticular

clouds, form in downwind side of a mountain. Kevin- Helmholtz clouds,

look like breaking waves in the ocean, while Mammatus are pouches

of clouds. Contrails is what planes get out of it, they are formed with

water vapor. One of the main effects of clouds in climate is that their

shade cools the earth and their water vapor store heat from the sun.

This could make the weather cool down, as the clouds keep moving

in the skies.

By: Sebastian Eljuri

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Cloud types photos

High clouds

Middle clouds

Low clouds

Vertical growth clouds

Cumulus

Cumulonimbus

Unusual clouds

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Lenticular clouds

Kelvin- Helmholtz

Mammatus clouds

Contrails

Strange cloud

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Human impact on climate

Human activities continue to modify the environment.

People could seriously damage the earth’s weather and

climate. One of the main things that person could pollute, is the

emission of green house gasses. Green house gasses are

released when people burn fossil fuels, which is a source of

energy. The increase of greenhouse gases traps more infrared

rays for the sun and, therefore it

increases earth temperature.

Atmosphere depends on a

balance of gases. The impact of green

house gasses is that they pollute all the

earth including the atmosphere. The

removal of carbon dioxide occurs

naturally and has exposure to the

atmosphere through human activities.

The gasses that industries emit are also polluting earth air and

affecting weather and climate daily. Fossil fuels are so important

because it works as an energy source, but in 50 years is going to

be replaced with new sources of energy that are more

advanced and do not pollute the earth.

By: Jose Maria Eljuri

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Acknowledgments

"NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration." NASA.

Web. 08 May 2012. <http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/noaa-

n/climate/climate_weather.html>.

"Climate vs Weather." - Difference and Comparison. Web. 08

May 2012.

<http://www.diffen.com/difference/Climate_vs_Weather>.

"Cloud Types." Cloud Types. Web. 11 May 2012.

<http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/Atmosphere/clouds/cl

oud_types.html>.

"How Do Human Activities Affect the Environment?" WikiAnswers.

Answers. Web. 11 May 2012.

<http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_do_human_activities_affect_th

e_environment>.

Apfel, Amelia. "How Are Humans Impacting the Earth's

Atmosphere?" EHow. Demand Media, 28 July 2009. Web. 11 May

2012. <http://www.ehow.com/how-does_5232412_humans-

impacting-earth_s-atmosphere_.html>.

"Geology." Curiosity. Web. 12 May 2012.

<http://curiosity.discovery.com/topic/geology/10-reasons-use-

geothermal-energy.htm>.

"Severe Weather." - Weather Wallpaper (250418). Web. 12 May

2012.

<http://www.fanpop.com/spots/weather/images/250418/title/se

vere-weather-wallpaper>.