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Weapons & Battles. Vietnam War. ARVN and NVA. Army of the Republic of Vietnam South Vietnam They are the ally of the US. North Vietnam Army Enemy for US & ARVN. Vietcong. Also known as Charlie, Chuck, VC, Victor Charlie, or Black Pajamas due to what they wore - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Weapons & Battles
Vietnam War
ARVN and NVA
• Army of the Republic of Vietnam
• South Vietnam• They are the ally of the
US
•North Vietnam Army•Enemy for US & ARVN
Vietcong
• Also known as Charlie, Chuck, VC, Victor Charlie, or Black Pajamas due to what they wore
• Rebels in the South who help the North
• Enemy to US and ARVN
Weapons of the Vietcong• Punji Pits
Bear Trap
Side Closing Trap
Crossbows
Spiked Mud Ball/ Bamboo Whip
Weapons of the Vietcong
Explosives• Daisy Chains• Trip Wire Trap• Bouncing Betty
Anti-Aircraft• Claymore Mine on
its back
Tunnels
US Tactics
• Herbicides: Agent Orange, Blue, Purple
-Kill Vegetation• Helicopters
DaNang & Ia Drang Valley
• Major air strip for US and ARVN
• Where we landed Marines during the 1965 escalation of the war
• IaDrang Valley-1st battle “search & destroy”
-US air strikes “Operation Rolling Thunder”
-VC uses close battle-Sets stage strategy of war
Ho Chi Minh Trail
• Supply trail that ran through neighboring Laos & Cambodia to get supplies from North to Vietcong in South
• Complicated trails, foot &truck paths, river transport and mazes
• Ex: October 1967 480 trucks by Dec. 6315-They are preparing for Tet
Tet Offensive• Lunar New Year• Suppose to be a truce for 2 days so
ARVN go home to celebrate• Westmoreland knows it is not a
good idea since there is build up on Ho Chi Minh Trail
• Jan 31, 1968-Sept. 1968• Surprise attack by NVA & Vietcong
to invade over 100 key cities including Saigon
-wanted to take the countryside of the south
-have South start uprising against Am./ARVN
• At 1st Americans winning• *Turning point-60% Americans see
Tet as the American defeat
Khe Sanh
• Marine base• Part of Tet• 77 day standoff• Had an airstrip built 1962• Left the base on 7/5/68• ~274 killed• Will eventually reopen in
1971 to invade Laos & abandoned again 1972
A Tough Question
• You are a 21 yr old Officer with 4 wounded men. The medivac reports they can only take 2 now. Which do you send?
1.19 yr old bad head wound2.Married 25 year old bad stomach wound3.Leg wound4.Shoulder wound
My Lai Massacre
• Hamlet• March 16, 1968• 350-500 killed (unsure)• Charlie Company given
orders to search for VC who may have retreated during Tet
• Unclear if there were orders given to kill anyone
• Thompson flies over in helicopter and tells them to stop
My Lai Massacre
• Lt Calley convicted March 1970 and serves 3 ½ months until released by Nixon
• The Captain Medina & 26 platoon members never convicted
• Changed American opinion of the war
Vietnamization 1969-1973
• After Tet in 1968 under President Nixon
• Policy of training and increases supplies to South Vietnam Army while reducing the number of American troops in Vietnam
• We begin withdrawing• 1969-480,000• 1970-280,000• 1971-140,000• End 1972-30,000• January 1973 we sign
agreement to fully withdraw
Without telling the public, Nixon ordered the invasion of Laos & Cambodia in 1970…
Fall of Saigon
• NVA captured capital Saigon April 30, 1975
• Renamed Ho Chi Minh City
• “Frequent Winds” begin to evacuate tens of thousands of Americans & South Vietnamese
• Largest helicopter evacuation in history
• Vietnam unites under communism
Question:
•Should women fight in combat?
•Should women be drafted?
•Should they serve in the Special Forces?
Women Debate:
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HALZowDySaI
Where?
• Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Italy, Germany, Norway, Israel, Serbia, Sweden and Switzerland, Russia
• Limited: Pakistan, Greece, India, UK, Turkey, U.S. (mainly pilots)
Women
• Approx. 7500 women served in the military primarily as nurses
• Over 30,000 women would be in Vietnam, through Red Cross, Salvation Army and entertainment through USO
Casualties
• 58,193/ 8 women• 1,484 NJ• Average age of deaths
23• 25% draftees-2/3 were
Volunteer• 86% White/Hispanic
(88% those served)• 12.5% Black (11% those
served)• 1.2% Other (1% those
served)
Casualties
• 76% lower/middle class
• 75% Income above Poverty
• 23% Fathers had professional jobs
• 79% had high school diplomas or higher