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Weak Central Coherence. A Comprehensive Theory of Autism. Autistic savant artists. Frith (2003). The need to explain non-social features of autism The need to explain savant abilities The need to explain an apparent lack of common sense - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Weak Central Weak Central CoherenceCoherence
A Comprehensive Theory of A Comprehensive Theory of AutismAutism
Autistic savant artistsAutistic savant artists
Frith (2003)Frith (2003) The need to explain non-social features of The need to explain non-social features of
autismautism The need to explain savant abilitiesThe need to explain savant abilities The need to explain an apparent lack of The need to explain an apparent lack of
common sensecommon sense The need to explain anecdotal reports of The need to explain anecdotal reports of
heightened perceptual abilitiesheightened perceptual abilities The need to explain an uneven intellectual The need to explain an uneven intellectual
profileprofile
Block Design Test (Shah & Frith, Block Design Test (Shah & Frith, 1993)1993)
Individuals with autism Individuals with autism were significantly faster were significantly faster than matched controls than matched controls
Pre-segmentation Pre-segmentation helped controls but not helped controls but not individuals with autismindividuals with autism
Embedded Figures Test Embedded Figures Test (Shah & Frith, 1983)(Shah & Frith, 1983)
Individuals with autism Individuals with autism were significantly faster were significantly faster at locating the hidden at locating the hidden figure than matched figure than matched controls.controls.
Pring et al (1995): Pring et al (1995): Individuals with autism Individuals with autism were as fast at solving a were as fast at solving a jigsaw upside-down as jigsaw upside-down as right-way-upright-way-up
Frith & Snowling (1986)Frith & Snowling (1986)
Ambiguous homographs:Ambiguous homographs: ““She was doing some sewing when she She was doing some sewing when she
noticed a tear in her dress”noticed a tear in her dress” ““She was watching a sad movie and then a She was watching a sad movie and then a
tear appeared in her eye”tear appeared in her eye”
Superiority in visual searchSuperiority in visual search
O’Riordan et al (2001)
The Navon taskThe Navon taskMottron et al (1993)Mottron et al (1993)
ssssssssss
ssssssssss
s s s s s s s
Narrowing of attentional spreadNarrowing of attentional spreadMann & Walker (2003)Mann & Walker (2003)
Boundary Boundary ExtensionExtension
Intraub (1990)Intraub (1990)
Chapman et al, 2005
ResultsResults
Clear boundary extension, with a mean Clear boundary extension, with a mean value of 12.51% (i.e. as if 12.5% further value of 12.51% (i.e. as if 12.5% further away): , away): , tt(35) = 10.78, (35) = 10.78, pp < .001, < .001, dd = 1.80. = 1.80.
The degree of boundary extension was The degree of boundary extension was virtually identical between those with and virtually identical between those with and without autismwithout autism
Reduced susceptibility to Reduced susceptibility to illusionsillusions
Happe (1996)Happe (1996) Individuals with autism Individuals with autism
were less susceptible to were less susceptible to illusions than matched illusions than matched controls controls
But….But…. Failed Replication by Failed Replication by
Ropar & Mitchell (2001)Ropar & Mitchell (2001)
Thouless (1931)Thouless (1931)Phenomenal regression to the real object:Phenomenal regression to the real object:
a demonstration of shape constancya demonstration of shape constancy
Ropar and Mitchell (2002)Ropar and Mitchell (2002)
slanted
Perspective
slanted
Knowledge
not slanted
Ellipse
Stimulus Shape
Projected ShapeViewing Condition
020406080
100120140160180
adults age 9 mld autistic
num
ber i
n pi
xels
EllipsePerspectiveKnowledge