We will start shortly…. Dam and hydro-structure monitoring with FO distributed sensing Presented by: Riccardo Belli – PLM Distributed System

We will start shortly…

Dam and hydro-structure monitoring with FO distributed sensing

Presented by: Riccardo Belli – PLM Distributed System

Web Seminar

• You should hear my voice through your PC speaker / headset

• You can ask questions using the “Questions” panel on the right of your screen. We will answer:

• In the “Questions” Panel• At the end of the presentation• By email

• Later this week you will receive link to:• Presentation in PowerPoint, PDF and with narration• Datasheets

Contents

• Introduction / motivations to dam and hydro-

structure Monitoring with Distributed Fiber

Optic Sensors

• Technology

• Application Examples

• Questions and Answers

Motivations

Traditional sensing

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??

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Motivations

Anomaly occurence

Motivations

Sensing everywhere

Dam & Hydro-structure Monitoring Goals

• Detection of anomalies• seepage• internal erosion• hot spot• leaking cracks

• Analysis of anomaly evolution• Threshold monitoring• Seamless integration with traditional sensors

• Remote monitoring with alert triggering• Precise localization SENSING EVERYWHERE

Technology

Distributed Sensing

• Single fiber optic sensor (sensing cable)

• Every segment of sensing cable replaces a discrete

sensor (typically a long gage sensor)

• Provides for location (where?) and magnitude

(how much?) of measurand (average strain and/or

average temperature)

• Complete measurand profile obtained by single

scan

T, ε T, ε

DiTemp - Raman scattering effects

The Raman Anti-Stokes power is proportional to the thermal state of the optical fiber and changes according to environmental temperature changes that acts on the optical fiber.

Scattering medium

Laser, o

DiTemp System

T1

Reading UnitDistributed

Sensor0m

1m 100m

1km

5km

T1

T2

T2

Position [m]

Tem

p.

[°C

]

DiTemp Harsh System

Distributed Raman scattering

Temperature range: -40° C to 300° C Temperature accuracy: 0.1° C Temperature resolution: 0.01° C Sampling resolution: 1m Measurement Range: 5 km Number of channel: 4 Power consumption: 18 W (operating), 0.5 W (idle) Power requirements: 12-24 VDC Sensing fiber: MMF 50/125 m (ITU.T G.651) Operating Temperature range: -40° C to 65° C Remote operation

DiTemp Temperature Sensor

Leakage sensor and self heating cable

Temperature range: -40° C to 85° C Fiber: 4MMF (ITU.T G.651) Armoured: Stainless steel + wires (SS 316) Self heating cable: Stainless steel + wires + copper

• Management of distributed measurement data

• Temperature measurement analysis of single and

multiple sensors

• System Status Management

• Automatic and schedule measurements 24 / 7

• Alert triggering

• Warnings based on threshold and rate conditions

• Voice message, e-mail, SMS, acknowledge via SMS

• Remote connection and assistance

• Data displayed on maps

DiView Software TT

DiTemp system working principle

Passive method _ Leak Detection algorithm

temperature anomaly

warming

cooling

T/ °C

time

T/ °C

time

Pipeline

leak

DiTemp system working principle

Active method HPM _ Heat Pulse Method – self heating cable

Theating

Tleak

Tenvironment

Temperature

Time

HEATING TRANSIENT COOLING TRANSIENT

TNO LEAK

T LEAK

Applications examples

Siahbishe Upper and Lower Dam

Siabishe Hydropower Dam

SiahbisheMazandaran ProvinceIran

Hydropower Plant

Siahbishe Upper Dam

The Siah Bishe Pumped-storage Hydroelectric Power Project is the first in Iran. It provides valuable cover for demand surges in Northern provinces of Iran. Located 125 km from Tehran has an installed capacity of 1000 MW. The plant is intended to play a vital role in stabilizing the entire North Iran power grid, ensuring the safe operation of thermal power plants in the surrounding provinces. They have a storage volume of 3.5 and 3.6 million cubic meters, stand 82.5 & 102 meters high, and 436 & 332 meters across the crest.

The main aims are in this monitoring projects are:

- seepage at plinths level- active detection system with HPM technique

Siahbishe Upper Dam

Plinth of the upstream face of the upper dam

Siahbishe Dam – cable installation

Final Distributed Temperature Sensors Layout

DiTemp

DiTemp

damage

non measurable zone

Layout scenario in case of cable breakage


DiTemp

damage

Solution scenario in case of cable breakage


Detail of Distributed Temperature Sensors Layout


Integration of Temperature sensor into geotextile

fleece structure

Protection of the installed integrated Temperature

structure with sand


Siahbishe CMP

Complete and flexible CMP installation

Site measurements

Absolute temperature measurements during heating

Differential temperature measurements during heating

Site measurements

Heating procedure - theoretical

Heating procedure - practical

Site measurements

Absolute temperature measurements

Differential temperature measurements

Nam Ngum II Dam

Nam Ngum II

Nam Ngum ReservoirLaos

Hydropower plant

Nam Ngum II Dam

The dam is 181 meters high with a capacity of 615 megawatts and can produce 2300kw of electric power per hour. The structure is located on the Nam Ngum River, north of the Nam Ngum Dam I, about 90km out of Vientiane. The objective of the Nam Ngum II project is to produce electricity for sale to Thailand and for local consumption.

The main aims are:

- seepage at plinths level- active detection system with HPM technique

Nam Ngum II Dam

Construction phases of the dam


Nam Ngum II Dam – cable installation


Detail of Distributed Temperature

Sensors Layout


Nam Ngum II CMP

Heating system

DiTemp

Computer with DiView

Site measurements – data analysis

Temperature mapping during impounding

Koudiat Acerdoune Dam


Country of LakhdariaDistrict of BouiraAlgeria

Water supply & Irrigation


The construction of the Koudiat Acerdoune dam, with a capacity of 900 million m3, was allotted by the National Dam Agency to Razel Algeria. Made out of compacted concrete, the dam is supported by marly-shale soils.

The main aims in this monitoring projects are:

- temperature gradient inside the dam- seepage detection at dam low level


KA Dam – April 2008

KA Dam – March 2009



F1 F2 F3

F4


DiTemp Reading Unit and accessories in the final CMP

Example of temperature profile measured on F4

Koudiat Acerdoune Dam – data analysis

Koudiat Acerdoune Dam – data analysis

20092008 20092008

Downstream face

Upstream face

Water reservoir

Ground

Luzzone Dam

Luzzone Dam

Luzzone Dam ReservoirSwitzerland

Hydropower plant

The Luzzone arch dam was completed in 1963. In the years 1997–1998, its height was increased by 17 m. The reservoir has a volume of 108 million m³ and a surface area of 1.27 km².

The main aims in this monitoring projects are: are:

- Temperature distribution inside a large concrete block during setting reaction, during construction phase- Verify simulations, avoid excessive temperature gradients, optimize concrete pouring sequence to improve knowledge on the dam behavior

Luzzone Dam

Luzzone Dam – cable layout

Luzzone Dam – data analysis

Artificial Water Reservoir

Water Resevoir

MurciaSpain

Water supply & Irrigation


The structure is a large artificial water reservoir with a length of 750m and a width of 270m

The main aims in this monitoring projects are:

- Early stage detection of leakage in the bed of the water reservoir

- active detection system with HPM technique


Construction phases of the water reservoir


Final Distributed Temperature Sensors

Layout



DiView software

System installed in the CMP

DiView Software running

Conclusion• Anomaly detection

• seepage• internal erososion• hot spot• leaking cracks

• Precise localization of temperature anomaly over long distances SENSING EVERYWHERE

• Reliability in demanding environments

• Extended measurements range

• Cost effective

• On-line permanent monitoring

• Powerful and versatile software for data management and intelligent alerts

Dam & Hydro Structure Monitoring

For more informationwww.roctest-group.com

Thank you for your attention

Documents

We will start shortly…. Dam and hydro-structure monitoring with FO distributed sensing Presented by: Riccardo Belli – PLM Distributed System