we Sizwe

we SizweJouinal of Umkbonto'01 , " I&Wi A \

"On"t Jemmam f,,smf we SizweContentsEditorial"We have tc destroy that regime"Statements and InterviewsWe are victorious."Learn with DawnThe simple firing capmessage from Army Commissar. . . based on an address by Joe Slovo...6Heroes of our Revolutionthe living ... Remember -%4ercenarv nf ApartheidPoemToour fallen heroesThe South African Cape CorpsIn defence of slavery*~ . . . . 12,-a :', "-- 15S....... .......12b. -.Interview with Ellen Musialela"We can no longer endure the pain."........................... 22.......................... 26MK Soldiers ViewpointMaturing revolutionary situation............... 30

Witorkal CommentWe have to destroy that regime!M~essage from Army CommissarWe are winding, off a year of momentous events, a year of mass popularstruggles.1984 has been a year of popular victories as witnessed in the UDF-led massiveboycott of the Indian and 'Coloured' elections in August. The year was also

marked by a militant boycott of schools by students and the drawing of theeducation charter. We observed a remarkable growth of trade unions in thebackground of trade union unity talks which are nearing fruition.We have died for these achievements. We are proud of them. It is MK wholaunched attacks against an enemy which seemed impregnable. Had we not havebeen there all the time, systematically attacking the regime, we would not besneaking of these achievements. It is through a combination of these operationsthat we are where we are today.Our organisation has infused a new spirit in our people. They see themselves astheir liberators. The ANC has never enjoyed such massive support. We havenever received such a response to our message of the year. Our people areresponding to calls made by the ANC to build popular organisations and renderenemy control over them impossible. Dummy institutions have been renderedpowerless while in some townships the ,egime has not been able to exert itsauthorityThe period ahead will be difficult for our army Urnkhonto We Sizwe is faced witha crucial challenge to jerk up our military operations to correspond with the levelof the people's mass struggles. Our army must continue to exp nd internally. Itmust train and quipunits thrown out by the mass struggles of the people. We mustdeepen the process of making the countryT

ungovernable.,:To dothis effectively we must,.launch. an- offensive against theenemy -institutions and its vital instal-lations. -:.' ,-OuW-.army.. has- 'a. historical res" ponsibilitctV'aik'e. the enemy payfivefold" for, the, wanton -loss. i&f: the lives of our people;-., The- armymust.spread,.its "activities -to -the, rural areas..We mustclear the bantustans andrural 'areas of puppet elements. This would be part of the process of making thecountryungovernable.We take this opportunity to saluteour combatants who have risked everything to intensify and escalate our attacksagainst the enemy. We are proud of the * glorious tradition of our army whichthey have upheld and defended.NKOMATIWe have done reasonably well in 'the face of the regime's concerted efforts toisolate us in Southern Afri, d. We have rendered useless what the enemy thoughtwould be the gains of Nkomati and secret treaties with Swaziland. We haveclearly demonstrated that thedecisive factor is our people.We have carried out impressiveoperations which among others include ambushes, attacks on police stations andcar bombs. The operations came at a time when the enemy was boasting that. ithas finished us off. We salute our combatants and people who have made theseoperations effective andpossible.

The struggle will demand morecommitment and effort in the coming year. Our people are crying out for moreMK actions. The time for serious sacrifices and serious action against the enemyhas come. We have no alternative but to clear the enemy from certain areas. Tomatch these tasks, we must have stamina to withstand the dfficulties that arecoming.- 4I 7 * * p-p~*1*The best' tribute we carw pay .to those who .fiave .laid down, their.-lives in the.course oft our military activities is. to have more at'acks,'on. the enemy until weseizepower.-South Africa must ..be a:" theatre, of widespread militaryconfrontatiiis.. .."* . . ; . *.. . . , , " .* .:...... -FreparednessOur basic task is to forge a soldier of a new type, imbued with total commit. mentto the revolution, .and equipped with sterling revolutionary attributes.We shall demand maximum political, mental and physical preparation that willproduce a cadre that will cope with all eventualities - a soldier that is ready. togive everything for our struggle, and understands that our lives, our people oursocial and national emancipation depends upon destroying the enemy.We must therefore master the skills of guerilla warfare. We must attain mastery inall weapons, mines, explosives, grenades and landmines to hamper themovements of the enemy. We demand that our army should be part of theoppressed - it must enrich the mass struggles of the people as well as the strugglesof the working class.ConferenceUmkhonto We Sizwe as an army of the ANC takes its political line from ourorganisation through its leadership. Therefore the army has a specialresponsibility to neutralise the activities of wedgedrivers and provocateurs. Wemust en. sure that out of the conference the ANC will emerge out a strong,coercive organisation. capable to lead the politico-; military offensive against theenemy.We represent the highest in political consciousness, the highest quality in ourorganisation. Therefore it is our duty to ensure that the struggle forges ahead. Wehave to destroy that regime.!

.;.-WE ;-AR'El: ;:VICTORiOUS, b'" ":e ' " '" add ress by Co"mrade Joe Soo* . *~',, 4.*- .~ ("We have every reason to believe,'to hopi that,"-within the Very next future, afree democratic South Africa will be realised".These words marked the culmination of a stirring address by Comrade Joe Slovo,our Army Chief of Staff when he visited the bases of Umkhonto We Sizwe

recently. The same words had aroused a standing ovation for a delegation of theSouth African Communist Party at the congress of the Congolese Party of Labourin Congo Brazzaville."We are under attack, yet the strength of our organisation has risen like neverbefore. For people who do not grasp what is happening, these events can be seenas a big blow. At the same time we cannot deny the fact that the enemy has wonsome substantial victories.On the other hand, these very victories are an indication of the strength of theANC. The last eight years have put the. movement on a mark it has never beenbefore. While it would be foolish to think that we are at a point of victory,nevertheless, it is accepted by everyone that there can be. no long-term solutionwithout the ANC".DIALOGUEAlready racist spokesmen are posing the question of a dialogue with the ANC.The racist foreign minister, Pik Botha, has also madesuch .a vague suggestion tothe president: of Mozambique, Samora Machel.As Comrade-Joe Slovo pointed out, the gestures do not-necessarily mean that weare, at a point.of victory. We should not: think that there.can be sincerity in theracist's gestures to talk to the ANC.However, Comrade Joe Slovo highlighted two points:- That the present events point outthat we are an indestructible force.And the enemy had come to acceptthat fact.- That the enemy wants to gain time,to adjust, to emerge from the economic and political quagmire in whichit finds itself enmeshed.The present peace initiative which gave birth to the Nkomati accord is evidence tothis point. The regime has never been interested in any peace with Mozambique.It was just a desperate bid to defuse the threat of the mounting armed offensiveposed by Umkhonto we Sizwe. This shows that we are a force to be reckonedwith.Inside South Africa the regime has been involved in a constitutional ploy which'opened' the doors of the white parliament to willing Indian and 'Coloured'puppets. The aim, as- the current racist president once stated, is to involve allpopulation groups in the country's defence. That is the crux of the 'reform'. It is noreform but an increased burden on the apartheid slave.In the background of all these manoeuvres, the racist regime finds itself in adeep economic crisis. Gold, South Africa's major source of foreign

exchange,. has fallen to its lowest mark ever $350 an jounce..,By mid 1984,'.within just six' months, 31%-of South Africa's industry was declared insolvent.Th.e ..economic situation was worsened by' 'workers' strike adtioins in the pastthree years. Labour unrest in the mining industry has also made its mark.Therefore! we can

safely claim that the financial and economic crisis the regime finds itself in todayis definitely as a result of our work - it is our victory.OILSouth Africa is the only country in the world which produces oil from coal. Theprestigeous Sasol project was set up as a solution to oil sanctions imposed bythe international community against the racist republic.Despite astronomous sumsspent on research and tests, Sasol has proved unproductive and highlyinflationary. In an article in the Rand Daily Mail (May 5 1983) it was revealedthat about ten cars with clogged carburettors are received daily in major servicestations in Pretoria. The damage is caused by ethanol and alcohol additives foundin Sasol petrol.It is an open secret that, despite the racists' boast of self-sufficiency andguaranteed oil supplies, it is involved in scandalous pirating of oil. In one incidentthe racists made an out of court settlement of R40m following the Salem affair.According to a research conducted by the Dutch Anti-Apatheid ShippingResearch Bureau, the oil embargo has cost the regime about $1,55Bn.A mafia gang of robbers and pirates has been set up to be in charge of buying andstealing oil for the regime. The Protection of Information Act prohibits thedisclosure of the activities of these bandits in the South Africanpress. The same applies to their budget account. It cannot be vetted by parlia-ment or audited by the exchequer. The same regrnm"els a'well-knownand reliable: ustomernjoa .arms. smugglers. This is despite the much acclaimed self-suficiency of Amscor. -.Having briefly highlighted the regime's problems with regard to oil and militarytechnology in the background of the drooping value of gold, it is interesting tonote _that expenditure, on oil -and military consume more thar" a, quarter of. theracist budget.. Therefore we can safely claim that the financial and economiccrisis the regime finds itself in today is definitely as a result of our work - it is ourvictory.South Africa is entering a stage of being ungovernable, true to the call made bythe Commander-in-Chief of our people's army, Comrade O.R. Tambo, to renderthe enemy's instruments of power unworkable. An impressive campaign againstthe black local authorities culminated in a massive rejection of the 'Coloured' andIndian tri-ethnic- parliament by the respective communities.As the racist regime army, police for survival, support Umkhonto werelies on its our peopleSizwe.OPPOSTIONThe voice of oppostion is increasing, assuming new and higher levels oforganisation each passing day. The political mass upsurge inside South Africa isevidence of the fact that nothing can stand in the people's way - nothing can stopthe people's forward drive to freedom. As the people cannot be destroyed neithercan the ANC.As the racist regime relies on its army, police for survival, our people supportUmkhonto We Sizwe. Our people's army has contributed massively to the

present crisis gripping the regime. Since Umkhonto We Sizwe's three yearprogramme (1979-82) to ddte, fuelMYAF

depots, have:-been,.set .aflame.-; Many-. 'ust. monthts'afterithe IMF. S2 oanZAselectrical.irnstallatons and'. tarsf'74rners- of-.this-.vrting, .the" regime is,desperately have been blown up..The Koeberniclear .negotiating other loans -.,with' the Swiss .station which ."was'-'buit bV hbge.'d~bts bank'\-. ."" frmwestern 4countries, was isito eb - . * *he ... *allant 'soldi rs of. Umkhonto ..We. -What is compromised- in. apartheidwhen Sizwe 'iri_'V ecemb6er. 1982. .Tfie nucear"':-,': _: . -. . ...Sze i.. ---. 182.:. "" "- there' s every-guarantee-that.Within thereactor~ rcasirg were-Yrocked .by. ..four . constitutional fraud" the executiveprepowerful bomb explosions.','., , . sidentw --, a * a ' ... ...By "safetV " stan~dards' the reactors - lcannot be. operated .without exposing human life to nuclear radiation within80Km radius. Atlantis, a 'Coloured'" township, is being built despie- the factthatit is within lethal range. Considering the sums invested, to the fascist regime theloss of human life is secondary.The irony of Koeberg is that it will contribute only 10% to the South Africanelectricity power: There is something wrong here. Maybe it explains the fact thatthe International Atomic Energy Board cannot be allowed to visit and inspect theinstallation. The racists are still unwilling to sign the nuclear non-proliferationtreaty.The racist president, Wapen Botha, admitted last year that the striking capacity ofMK is growing. He said the South African Defence Force has suffered heaviercasualties within six months in military personnel against MK than in its eighteenyear colonial war in Namibia. Following this statement in June, by September1%Jd3 promotions were announced within" the SADF into vacated posts. In themeantime we are expected to believe that only Ras died in the Pretoria bombblast, and that no racist general died in the raid at Voortrekkerhoogte. Only oneBlack woman is supposed to have been injured.Confronted on all fronts by our people, the racists are seeking other sources ofincome to prolong their unjust rule. This year a 10% general sales tax waslevied on our people to supplement the regime's inflationary budget. This burdenon our people came* VICTORIESThese. -are ;the victories of our people, although* they may seem insignificant.These victories have shown that the political super-structure cannot gounperturbed by these shock waves rocking the very foundation of apartheid rule.There is also a subtle campaign to improve the image of apartheid by amalevolent scheme of granting 'Coloureds' and Indians second partnership in thewhite parliament. This move cannot be seen as a compromise of apartheid. Whatis compromised in apartheid when there is every guarantee that within theconstitutional fraud the executive president will always be a white racist?

The executive president will have sweeping power to veto any decision which isnot in the interest of apartheid. In the event of a vote of no confidence againsthim, which can only be voted for seperately by each ethnic parliament. he has thepower to dissolve parliament and appoint new members.The white racists have a 20 member majority in the 50 member electoral college.The electoral college elects the state president who in turn nominates his cabinet.ministers. This is the same constitutional proposal which scored 64 interjectionson its first day of reading in the white parliament. It had to be shelved so that thehonorary members of the white parliament could not contra. vene the RiotousAssemblies Act as tempers were running high.- C.onr. on Page." . *.. . . . . 5

You too Countryman;,can be a Freedom: FihterSimple firing capIn our last issue we discussed about a simple firing cap. In this issue we will talkabout a more sophisticated and stronger version of the simple firing cap whichcan be made by sealing the clamped wire (the bridgewire) inside or Eureka wire*(see note.) instead of strand of steel wool or flashbulb wire (these can be used ifyou can't get Nickelchrome or Eureka wire).1. Instead of simpl/ clamping the bridge wire by bending over the copper wire itshould be wound around first, as shown. Note: You can't wind steel wool orflashbulb wire - it breaks too easily. 2) Clamp the bridgewire with pliers as beforeand cut off the excess. EITHER (A) fill half a gelatine capsule with incendiarypowder anb insert the bridgewire into it. Seal the open end with epoxy (Pratley)glue. OR (8), roll a piece of paper about 2cm long around something giving adiameter of about 7mm. (eg, a round pencil). Glue the edge to make a tube. Sealone end with epox glue. Fill with incendiaryTrw I 6"rpowder, insert the bridgewire - and wathe open end.There are many other ways ?N making smdih electric igniters. With the ideasgiven on the previous pages you can invent your own. All of them work in thesame way. An electric current passes through a thin wire (filament bridgewire)which becomes very hot and glows. This sets fire to the incendiary mixture whichflashes or explodes.Here are two more which are easy to make. The first is made in the same way asthe firing cap except that the bridgewire is much longer and instead of both wiresgoing in one end, one wire goes in each end. The second is a way of making avery small igniter and instead of using plastic insulated copper wire, it uses verythin enamelled copper wire* (see note below). Note: the second example simplyuses a piece of drinking straw instead of a paper tube.*Nickel-chrome resistance wire, Eureka wire and enamelled copper wire isbought- 5MM.C.L'.MP wsANt~' c~T CWP

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." tC.A P-, -PAPE-R Tue,-j-Poxy -. -Dr.,N!A~.,'epx C~f 36 3 S*~r GN4. j-L.Coppe ~ W .S,-r AN4D Ki.jo'L SVF C't r.-INCE.NtcIARY PCwp,IIfrom electronics/radio dealers. To make bridgewires ask for a roll of 48 or 46S.W.G. Nickel-chrome. or Eureka wire S.W.G. is the measure of its thickness thehigher the number.the thinner the wire). You can use.42 or 44.S.W.G. ifyou can't get 48 or 46 must use a bigger (9 volt) bulbs for cameras can bechemists or photographic wool can be bought frombut then you battery. Flashbought from dealers. Steel supermarkets.*~C.) .'%' ~'N~~ ~ ~>4',,NC.

. . . . .. . - j .vLET THE-LIVINGREMEMBERI -.was.- already awake when; thsinging began again in the early mornini .Once again the excruciatingly beautifut . .music floated through the barred windoW'S.echoing round the brick exercise yaj ,losing itself in the vast prison yards. -;~' ;~ I k ~.Two decades ago, on November 6, 1964, the regime executed three patriots ofour land: Vuyisile Mini, Zinakile Mkaba and Wilson Khayingo. Despite the manyappeals for clemency, the hand of the racist hangman could not be arrested.

Mini, Mkaba and Khayingo, all members of the Eastern Cape High Commandof MK, occupy a special place in the hearts of the soldiers of Umkhonto WeSizwe. They were the first cadres of our army to be murdered "legally! Besides,their conduct in the hands of the enemy, and their defiant march to the gallows,singing freedom songs, added to the annals a page of an undying example ofheroism that remains an inspiration to many soldiers of the People's army.Vuyisile Mini was a singer, actor, a poet and a revolutionary. He was born in PortElizabeth in 1920 and joined the African National Congress at the age ofseventeen. He actively participated in the struggles against mass removals inKorsten where he lived. As a volunteer during the 1952 Campaign for theDefiance of Unjust Laws he entered railwayproperty reserved for vhizes. :-:, wasarrested and sentenced to three months imprisonment, an arrest that earned himthe loss of his job as a packer in a battery factory.ORGANISERIn 1952 he became a full-time organiser of the dockworkers. It is largely due tohis contribution that the P.E. Stevedoring and Dock Workers Union affiliated toSACTU in 1956.When the regime sought to behead the ANC and the broad Congress Movementthrough the infamous Treason Trial, Vuyisile Mini was one of the 156 leadersarrested and charged with treason. The basis of this charge was the formulationand adoption of the Freedom Charter by the people. In one of longest trials inSouth Africa's history, the racist state eventually lost its case and all the accusedwere acquited in 1960.During the same year he was instrumental in the formation of the GeneralWorkers Union in P.E. When the Bay Transport increased bus fares in 1961, Miniled the resultant bus boycott...t-1-1*~ I.~'-' ~Vb'I .~ \C,1*.*~DI-YN'

ARREST-. -...A. - ' T T'- ' . . heir trial w as in Port A lfred,. far .On 10 May 1963,"While wqking at.the from . home. Legally ,they couldn't bePort . Elizabeth: Local. Committee'.ofk defended properly because., the racists.SACTU," . Vuyisile., Mini was arrested-".f6rbade.. their lawyers to leave Durban.with two other,',prominent ANC and They were sentenced to death in MarchSACTU leaders - Wilson Khiyingo and 1964. Zinakile Mkaba -. for commitingacts-,bf , Letters smuggled" out .prison from sabotage and complicity in themurder , .tethree patriots reveal abortie-attempts of a police informer, SiphoMange, :in. bthe7 enemy to break them. "On the January of thai Year.. .2nd of October" ;..'.

I '|Mini wrote, 'Captain Geldenhuys and two other policemen came to see me... Theysaid there is still a chance for me to be saved as they knew I was the big boss ofthe movement in the Eastern Cape. I must just tell them where 'the detonatorsand revolvers were, and they would help me. I refused.They asked me about Wilton Mkwayi. They said I.saw Mkwayi in January 1963. Isaid yes. They asked me if I was prepared to give evidence against Mkwayi. I saidI was not. They said there was a good chance for them to save me from the'gallows if I was prepared to assist them....They 'asked if I would make the. 'Amandla"'salute When I walked the last fewpaces to the .gallows. I said yes.. After'a few. more jokes of that nature. they left.'"-.4:~ :-x'Mka"ba -Wrote, 'They said they were feeling sorry for me and were prepared;. tohelp me if I would tell them wiere the detonators and revolvers were. 'When .Isaid I.knew nothing about that, they said -,they would be pleased if I told themanything about sabotage that I knew. of, and if Vlam prepared to.help-them-..there was still *a chance of. being.saved. When I denied knowledgeof;.anything,.,,. they-asked-if Iwas prepared:to-die for nothing. I told-them ifnecessary I must., die.' , .., ..r7r

'~! ~c~'- ~KhayingoKhayingo worte that they came especially to see himsaid they because ifhe made a statement that was satistactory then it was not too late to save him. "Irefused to have anything to do with them."Ben Turok, a fellow prisoner and Secretary of the South African Congress ofDemocrats at the time, wrote in Sechaba: "Vuyusile Mini's laugh wasunforgettable. It rolled out in concentric sound-waves riding loud over the lessernoises around him, infecting everyone with his effervescent good humour. Hisheavy bass was unmistakable. It made one aware of his presence in a crowd wheneven those deep in conversation smiled involuntarily in unconscious response tosuch healthy mirth.It was through his laugh that I became aware that Mini had arrived, in thecondemned section- of Pretoria central prison. Isolated as I was in a tiny cell inthe adjacent segregation section of the prison, and finely sensitive to the slightestvariation in the murmur of life, Mini's incongruous laughter rolled out and it wasapparent V at Mini and his companions were situated in the 'last weekcell' of the condemned section in B2 on the second floor. I then remembered thatVuyisile Mini and his two comrades, Zinakile Mkaba and Wilson Khayingo of theEastern Cape High Command of lJmkhonto We Sizwe, had been committed fortrial for ordering the death of an informer.DARING

I marvelled at his daring. No one laughed out loud in central prison. It wasabsolutely forbidden. Subdued by the grey half light that filtered through thebarred mesh, and ground down by the harsh presence of warders, it wasunderstood that a prisoner must remain silent, especially in death row, where eventhe collective of 60 odd 'condemned' was insufficient to break through the ironrule of deathly stillness.But Mini dared. And his comrades joined him in defiant mirth, thrusting11e"It'V4"

* . .. DYNaside with unconcealed scorn the atmosphere. of crushing gloom-that clung to themassive grey'walls.. Aid .s. the th'ree of them settled into their new surroundings,there issued out of-the window" of the 'last week. cell" beautiful melodies oftraditional African musifc-renderedin the most perfect unison of long practicedharmony; :.- *-: .It was. in'the early-,evenings that they enjoyed theirsinging most-With the harsh clanging. -_of. riron gates reduced to a minimum;with only a skeleton prison staff on duty, and the prisoners at rest on thin mats intheir cells, Mini and his comrades sensed the appreciation of their audience -andgave forth in the subtlest cadences, telling in song the heroic stories of Xhosahistory...When their fate was finally communicated to Mini and his colleagues their defiantresponse was sounding through the corridors of the prison. "AMANDLA -NGAWETHU" theyroared triumphantly, defiantly challenging with the most deep conviction thehateful oppressor in the very seat of his power.LAST EVENINGThe last evening was devastatingly sad as the heroic occupants of the death cellcommunicated to the prison in gentle melancholy song that their end was near.Even the heavy brooding stone seemed to -respond to their mood by dampeningthe echoes of clashing gates and jarring keys. it. was late at night when thesinging ceased, and the prison fell into uneasy silence.- A J - :~ ~- -LI was already awake -when the*singing~began again in the.early morning. Once -again- the -excrUciatinglybeautiful music floated through the barred windows, echoing round the brickexercise yard, losing itself in the vast prison yards.- And then, unexpectedly, the voice of Vuyisile 'Mini came roaring down thehushed passages. Evidently standing on a stool, with his face reaching up to abarred vent in his cell, his unmistakable bass: voice was enunciating his finalmessage in Xhosa to the world he was leaving. In a voice charged with emotionbut stubbornly defiant he spoke of the struggle waged by the African NationalCongress and of his absolute conviction of the victory to come. And then it was

Khayingo's turn, followed by Mkaba, as they too defied all prison rules to shoutout their valedictions.Soon after, I heard the door of their cell being opened. Murmuring voices reachedmy straining ears, and then the three martyrs broke into a final poignant melodywhich seemed to fill the whole prison with sound and then gradually faded awayinto the distant depths of the condemned section."They gallantly marched to the gallows singing Mini's famous song: "Nan ts'indod' emnyama Velevutha 'It was this legacy of collective heroism left to us by Mini and his comrades thatinspired Mahlangu, Mosololi, Motaung and Mogoerane never to flinch for amoment before the racist hangman. It is also the unending source of inspirationfor MK cadres as they continuously engage the enemy in various parts of ourcountry, avenging their death.' ,,(. . '1

..AE"MERCENARY OFA"A- ART ITalks with'. DawnA Former:Member Of The SADF Re-lated To DAWN A Painful Ordeal-Of", Being An Outcast In the The Eyes Of HisPeople For Being A Mercenary Of The Apartheid Defence Force."I was born in Zwelitsha in King Williams Town. I started schooling in 1968 atVakpan Bantu School. In 1975 I changed to Zwelitsha --"her--Primary School"the sad story begins..He, like many students'was affected by the 1976 countrywide student'uprisingwhich displaced many 'Back students. With poverty throttling4hits family andunemployment rampant, he found himself in the claws of thd.v't African DefenceForce. He joined"batallion 21 at Lenz in 1977. He was.seventeen at the time. stillin standard six.His basic training included rural ana urban counter-insurgency operation (coin).Brutality Characterised their training course. As a result one troopie died duringtheir training, while three others were disqualified due to serious injuries they hadsustained.He carried heavy electric pylons for distances as long as 500m and used to pulltruck tyres for 40km. How much did he earn? "A pittance of R98 per month wasworth the risk than to face starvation", he confessed. Another reason for joiningthe SADF is- the exemption it grants from pass laws. bantustan-,*classification, and the security the barracks provide as a home.

-iSl Nd b tyoi b 10 A,) T fi)S , An .African at ..*crossroads. One- T " roadleadso thecity and another leads,fpunfshment1were4.. -j-; tobC. thde ,: bantustans..:1 Whickfv road employed1toiiet'sure'discipline AV 25kg 'mus' therman choose,'.'and'. why?" sandbagtfor!ta' tww4ibur'physical:'training A; - Ani African Yin tradition4;fattire

sessio4;k¢rayqkq'fo ln I 'rWdistances, and ".,--'I ookingat hinselfata pond:?;-.:.:carrying1:electric bpylrns-' for: kilometres B' -" IAiir African: in-' modernclothingon, end "werelthe2most ;conmmon. One '01inpets- himself; at alnirror.Which' troopietdied.from heatexhaustionwhile photo is good; and why? I 6eing.punished.,r-Those A who..A sustaini: A'-" AWhite man carried* shoulder-high.9ermanentr' injuries,:are. dismissed'"at;'a .'by cheering Africans. 3 ,strokeofapen.*-;,i .'. '.-. B- Piet'.Ritief surrounded. by angryGenerally, for both Blacks and 'Zulu warriors. Choose -one photo.whites, hostility characterises. the ;re- and comment. lations between the troopiesand their One would not expect such a test even at officers. By- 1978° thesituation had a mental hospital; extremely ran out of hand. Many troopieswere getting injured or killed. Under RACIAL DISCRIMINATION pressurefrom' the parents of whitenational servicemen, Constand Vilioen, Racial discrimination is rife in the SADF.the chief of the racist army, had to Salaries reflect this colour-based disinterveneand some restraint was noticed, parity. A White 'haas corporal' earns a For Blacksthings continued the old higher wage than his slave counter-part, way,nevertheless. Being privates in the a black corporal. As a member of thepermanent force, they continued their permanent force. our informant wastraining under bestial conditions. not supposed to buy his uniforms, which.It is quite shocking to note that he bought from time to time.despite these conditions the numberof Blacks in the SADF has made a drama- On a visit to the 'Coloured' Corps ticincrease. About 200 Africans appeared at. Faure he discovered that their inbeforethe selection board in 1977. By fantry unit at Lenz was charged with 1979 thisnumber had risen to 2,000. camp duties which otherwise were Most of therecruits come from Qwa" performed by a staff unit at Faure. The Qwa, Transkei,Ciskei and Bloemfontein. problem in their case was that the staffRIDICULOUS EXERCISETo qualify, the recruits undergo an aptitude 'test' The test includes one of the mostridiculous' exercises in the civilised world. One is presented a photo album withphotos marked A and B. He is required to choose one and write what he thinksabout it. The list.runs as follows:Farm labourers toiling on a very hot day,. with a white overseer barking orders atthem. Five sen..tences about 'Jne's opinion of"the photo .* ''unit was vvnite. me also tound out that at Faure everybody used the swimmingpool. At Lenz only the White administration and staff unit could enjoy thisprivilege.To avoid the embarassment of a slave who punishes his master, necessaryprecautions are taken. A soldier can only be punished by his unit and not by anyofficer. Therefore a black sergeant, the only rank an African can attain, cannever finc himself in a humiliating position of punishing his colour senior, awhite soldier.

IMAWRj

OUTCASTWhen; our oinformant.as.sy.ss.ed: hij5f irst weekend-pasv hewaswagrwed thatSoweto andi.Sebokengewere ,enemy,: territories! and; -tha, ,going.,to any :of.;thetwo areasi in militaryr..uniform was .at hist-,own risk.-Going.tot a.disco in. tU3qeighbouring; Indiat, township Lenasia;.1 was strictly prohibited. '* ,;:"; ' .: :" " ,*i; ln.Sqyeto.he.was looked, upon with. contempt. Back at ho.me.durin,4olidcays,hisr.friends,,,.the._young ,people, he grew. up. with,,, .completely avoided contactwith him. "I seemed an. anathema to people wherever I went. My girlfriend'. wasdissuaded from associating with. me. I became an outcast among my ownpeople".TURNING POINT1970 'was a turning point. "ie was de. ployed at* Mpasha (sic) in NorthernNamibia. His unit strength was about a company.-They' were sent on a search anddestroy mission of a- PLAN guerilla base. This abortive' mission followed manyother patrol missions they carried out while white units 'were taking it easy atbase at Mpasha. They were also qiven orders to rape women who were suspectedto 'be SWAPO member,. and kill locals who refused to co-oper;,re. Defyingorders in the operational area was' out of question'. This -would earn one nopunishment or detention bartacks but death by firing squad. '.! They. marched fora'week without success. Every strip of information from villagers sent them on awild goose chase. Finally a word came from the racist command that they werewithin seven kilometres from a heavily fortified Swapo base. They were orderedto retreat. .,While retreating they were ambushed by -the -heroic fighters of PLAN. Theirunit was completely overwhelmed.. They emerged from that ambush very dis1".,n.,,d. . Three members of their. * 1,0i wpie killed and one lost. A number.of their trucks-were-destroyed by- landmines and shells. T' V-11 1.11?1 *'T.Theywere quite-shaken.wherv.they reportedA.ibac ia ati |M .a:-D'iontent bri~ed.,Two- e their unit.:losttheir..anity;e! astlsoj at kMpashatwhee they Mgt,,nationahl sevicemen i JNS).Lwho shipwed),antagonism: pqd distcsfzttards Lhern..i-,TheiLNS .weve 0shockedto,,find Africans),..whoqy.we e in - the'. armi'fo emp!oyMenL,, . According :to..theseqr-.NS the.army :is not a workplace buta helpmekaar' institution for the,:defence,,of South Africa. .- :6 ',',)RESIGNATION ": " :' ..:" " it.' -.When they returned to Lenz in 1980 discontent was at its height. In September.they defied performing camp duties and. refused to wear military uniforms.. Theirlist of demands.contained only one item: immediate resignation. The racistauthorities called this a mutiny and threatened them with the notoriousdetention barracks. They did not budge an inch and remained' firm. Ultimatelv.after they could not be cowed' even by. the summoning of a SADF unit with gasmasks that surrounded Len, cz,, they were discharged from 1he SAD F.But thishappened'not to behis last experience' with the SADF. In no time they found himajob at Sanchem, an ammunition factory.- He was employed as a security officer.To his. dismay, he learnt that he had to under'go a six week training course inintelligence. His job was to be':no. slmple guarding but to monitor ANC guerilla

move-ments in Soweto, . particularly' those who might seek employment atSanchem.This had gone beyond his humble expectations. He wanted a'job simply, with nostrings attached. As a result he resigned again. The Soweto student uprising andthe many heroic mass struggles in subsequent years made their mark on him. Herealised that his future and that of his people lie in fighting with arms against theregime. He joined Umkhonto We Sizwe in 1983. "

;oNr".W1 To- -the memoy of.Kgotuduwa:Molotsane7 kQ [J l I R L EOESLegs apart Legs apartfirm firmfirmly rooted firmly rootedin titanic battles both fists raisedan incarnation of our strluggl "b,,Z5 iii', :,,',wc;,W. ~.L.) Ot~i 9 .' This :X .'.both fists raised is men!andwomenas anger mushrooms " . - " "initiathv::in a mortal threat organisingbearing the face of tyranny courageously-unmasking the decay ofdomination . .slashing,i crushing..- "This X, .uniting anendto against the hangman of freedomour blood stained historvlaced with unbridled barbaritypersecution unrestrainedin a land of torture- chambers where the bleeding masses ,,. perish under theblowsof capitalist plunderLegs apart-,both fists raised, ,..a new light.of certainityof victory,,Ablaze!*.Vliva Mackay..i.DAWN POLITIXWORDNO. 4-ANSWERS ACROSS1. NKADIMENG 6. OMM ' 11 FAL '12.SWA'"17. GHANA . 18. LODESTAR7 INST 13. IMPI'9 TANK 15 FIRDOWN1. NKOMATt5. MAKUZENI 14. MONO2. ARMY

8. STALIN 15. FAST3. MAN 10, TWIG 16. RA4 NATAL 12. SP

D~NSSAFRIFollowing the 'Coloured' and,.Indian August elections, the threat of 4 on'criptionf or. the-two races into the SADF is loomrng like never before.The case of private Mark-,Abraham is a sad reminder of the fate-awaitin§thousands of 'Coloured' troopies who will be drafted into the South AfricanDefence Forcerin future.Mark, a chef with the Cape Corps at Faure, went awol(absent without leave) to visit friends and attend a wedding. While waiting in the.car. outside the church where the wedding ceremony was held, two armedmilitary*policemen and a staff sergeant approached, They cocked their rifles andordered him out of the car. -The staff *sergeant instructed the military policemento open fire if Mark tried to escape.He got out and stood by the door. "The bridal couple was about to come out (ofthe church) when Mark made a run for it. He only took three paces when theyopened fire. While still in the road, he was struck by a bullet... After several moreshots, he collapsedin a field next to the church... While Mark was lying therebleeding,,he asked for water, but the military police standing over him. refused tolet anyone go near him... There was blood coming from his' shoulder, arm, lungand stomach. The shirt he was wearing was in tatters". (Sunday Times, 22/1/84)Mark suffered the fate of a colonial slave who offers his life for the defence of hismaster and the system that enslaves him and his people.Your.-real. enemy is the PretoriaBACKG ROUNDUniform, the SADF newspaper (March 1982) boasts: "Did you know that theSouth African' Cape Corps is the oldest corps in the South African DefenceForce?"The Cape Corps came into being in 1795 when certain sections of the 'Coloureds'were mobilised and used in a military capacity against our forefathersIfN

SOEYb r!;e _'i..;JV.' .1 i.! Vfgovernment" not the the'people-'of Namnibia or of the neighbouring countries.during. the wars of', resistance. Battles in which. they were-employed inNicldethe Graff-Reinet rebellion and thefourth frontier war ,(1810-11), the Slachter'sNek"rebellion and the Makana war in 1835. They were also used to patrol theFish river, 'border' to repel the Xhosa who were rightfully claiming their land.According to Janet Cherry's research paper (A Feather in the Cap?, ',The South Af'Can CapeCorpsl, 1Rin as , pa-Ideology, and Community Opposition). the Cape, Corps existed until 1896,participating in sixth frontier war (War of the Axe). against Sandile, the Basuto

and Zulu wars (1878-79), and against the Ndebele (1896). During those earlyyears they were called the Pandours. The Cape Corpswas re-established in 1915,after the outbreak of World War 1:25,000 'Coloureds' enlisted, most fromStellenbosch,' Worcester; Por: .,Elizabeth,

Kimberly, and missions at baron and Mamre. The regime reports lhat-i*finetbattle (at Jibeit) the Ci+a$ C6p ZA ,called the 1st Cape Corps "Btfal'ibn1' suffered 152 casualties, sustained in abayonet charge on enemy machine-gun positions. We can not help wonderinghow many whites were in that first echelon. .,\,,During Wqrld War.a2 the Cape Corps wak aq~4 mo'bi ised45,00 "Co ureds'enlisted, deployed mainly in Midagascar, Egypt, Italy and Palestine. However,during this war the Cape Corps was used in a non combat capacity, i.e. as aservice and support group.When World War 2 ended all black soldiers were dcmobilised. The Cdpe Corpswas constituted again in 1947, this time as a Permanent Force unit. However.when the Nationalist Party came to power in 1948 the Cape Corps was disbanded.The SADF, being one of the most conservative institutions of apartheid rule, hadto be snow-white.MASS RI-SISTANCEFollowing the heroic mass resistance of the late 50's and early 60's; theSharpeville massacre, the banning of the ANC and the formation of UITIKnontowe Sizwe, The Cape Corps was re-established in 1963 at Eersterivier. *It had.already dawned in the minds of the nilitary, the present rulers of our country, thatto prolong apartheid's life span certain sections of the&oppressed had to be co-opted.By 1967 490 men had 'undergone training in the Cape.C6rps. Throughout the 60'sthe Cape Corps was not armed nor regarded as a component part of the PermanentForce.- It performed - non, combat functions, particularly in the navy. Most'Coloureds' filled posts such as ,storekeepers, Stewards, chefs, waiters andengineer room mechanics. The highest rank "a member could attain was NarrantOfficer Class IAHIFighting against himself, his people, his country and his future.'The Cape Corps only became an integral part of the Permanent Force in 1972, tochange'its name to S.A.C.C. '(South African z Cape Corps) Service Battalion in1973:A. year later the then minister-of defence (today's executive president), PietBotha, described'it as a "feather in the caps of-the defence force and the colouredpopulation as a whole". 7.-':- .In 1975 the Defesce Act wa's amended to give members of the Cape Corps the'same status'. as whites. Seven.'Coloured' soldiers attained the rank of fulllieutenant., the first Black officers in the histo" y of the SADF. Ai this siage '400had received training sirce"1973,.Two, platoons were operating.on the border,*and in August 1976 the first,*company. of 'Coloured' infantrymen left-_SouthAfrica for border duty.

By 1979. out of 7,000 South"Afircan Black troops who were being* t .rained anddeployed. 'Coloureds" accounted for 4.000. 100 was in the Transkei DefenceForce. 1.000 in the Bophuthatswana

- - -~ -- - - P.MWith medals of dishonour. '.rape and*'murder.National Guard, 600 Africans in the SADF and 750 Indians. 'Coloureds',andIndians alon'e.nade up .10 percent of the South African'Agr'Force.During the same year the S.A.C.C. Service Battalion is reported to have grown tofull battalion strength. The following; year it divided into three: the Cape Corpsschool, the S.A.C.C& Maintainance Unit, and the 1 S.A.C.C. Battalion.Members., of the .Cape Corpsiperational area are black, and, witn the support of, the South African Air Force,they do most of the-fighting.If. du.ring World War 2. the South African regime would rather have our countrytaken.. by- fascist-.Germany and militarist Japan than. arm the 'Coloureds' todefend it,, why, then the drive to recruit them into.the SADF now, at this point intime? The reasons are:ceased to exist as a seperate unit of the _. PoliticaIl: To . sow divisions anc P6rjhriForce and'were incorporated disunity, among.the oppressed. It i:5in into-it.'Voluntary' national service was ' "extededto wo yarsforthe pursuance-of its same old policy of also extended to twoyears for the 'divide and rule'. That was the objective'Coloureds'- " "' I'olo.reds . .: .- .. .. behind the use .of -'Coloureds' in the-- . colonial army ,during the IWars, ofC R S- :. Resistance. . . - . .ECONO.MIC CRISIS" dooia:TI- ,. Ideological:.- To change the form There are plans to establish a second of ourwar- from Blacks fighting white lnfantiy Battalion. but,. the economiccolonialism . to., Blacks fighting Blacks. crisis the racist regime has plunged intoThis, the racists hope, would.give some does. not allow.-the -allocation- of .-thecredibility tu their propaganda that we necessary. resources.; Nevertheless. -today.ase .'terrorists. and 'Cr," , lackeys' 40 percent of tle je es 1{the bringingdiscomi.urt u,, ..i uuon Atricans.I-,.*,~

n g4E~.ic.~abour.is relatively, chi p 197 akt SA D Ftjav era4 betweer .54 a v4%0- salaries. -a"1t -qj_*a~abero;.,srathey areihring B ,al -tbour is econonicP'Back- d.urng.#-ife4'1 882.4ars.' one. . sir \Thomas Scan'lbn, ,'discussing . the.-.recruitrment, of 'Coloureds'\'noted-. "'I f a force'drawn this class could beraised,say-5,000. we should have confidencein them, and I think they couldbemore .eaply maintained..." Apartheid's job ,eservation also-have its specialeffect. South Africa experiences .a serious shortage of skilled, labour and,"

consequently,.. the long periods the white males spend in the army. have adisruptive effect onSouth Africa's industry.- Military: The illegal occupation of Namibia, the endless invasions andoccupation of parts of the People's Republic of Angola, and extensiveuse of the SADF in the regime's campaign of destabilising the neighbouring stateshave imposed enormous strains on "SAOF's- 4.5 million manpower resource.Add to this the increasing use of the SADF in manning roadblocks, conductinghouse searches and 'suppressing mass demonstrations and protests, functions thatused to belong to the police.The changes in the duration of national service in the decade 1972-82 providesufficient evidence. In 1972 national, service was increased from nine months totwelve months, followed by a compulsory 19 days a year in the Citizen Force forthe following five years. In 1977 national service was again extended to twenty-four months, while service in the Citizen Force was increased to 240 days spreadover eight years. Citizen Force commitments were raised to 720 days spread overtwelve years in 1982, and provision was made for compulsory commando serviceandYour place is among these young people, in the army of your people Umkhontowe Sizwe.the conscription of white men up to the age of 55.AUGUST ELCTIONS"The enemy's defeat in the August elections displays vividly the 'Coloured'people's rejection of apartheid and all its institutions, particularly the SADF.Conscription into the SADF was among the principal mobilising issues duringthe anti-election campaign. From all surveys conducted on reasons for the'Coloureds' opposition to the new constitution, conscription was common.Correctly so for the sole purpose of the new constitution is to divide the oppressedand win over certain sections for the defence of apartheid.

1'-'1t'*\\~i~V) .;.~j p*/ & ~ ~ ~. in.AMk stands in defence of the people and for a free democratic South Africa.In the words of F. W. de Klerk, the racist minister of energy affairs and Transvaalleader of the National Party: "You can't ask a man to fight fo his country if hecan't vote. Among the terms of the new dispensation is the guarantee thatcoloureds and Indians will get full voting rights. It follows that theirresponsibilities will increase accordingly, which means they will hold obligationsto defend those. rights". However; though we can rejoiceat the fact that the overwhelming majority of. 'Coloureds' are -opposed toconscription, the reality facing us is that thousands do participate in the SADF.. These are misled sons of our people who should be helped to find their place inthe ranks of Umkhonto we: Sizwe, the army of Basil February (PaulPeterson) and Clifford Brown.

Most of the 'Coloureds' in the SADF, as was the case during the second worldwar, are from the rural areas. There's no doubt that unemployment is the mainreason for joining the SADF. In its advertisements, the SADF is portrayed asoffering security, regular pay, cheap alcohol, and skills like driving, mechanics,etc..NO POLITICSNo description of Blacks in the SADF can be better than Grundy's who describedthem as "Soldiers without Politics". They.are like slaves who willingly defendslavery, not even knowing who the enemy is.Cont. on Page 28

D~NWECAN NO MOREENDURETHE* ~ ~Ellen MusialelaDAWN: Addressing the first Regional Conference of SWAPO Women's Councilyou called on Namibian women to unite to crush colonialism. What was thesignificance of that call?Ellen: It is true that I called on all Namibian women to unite to crush anderadicate colonialism in Namibia. In the olden days before the colonisers invadedour country - before the racist regimePAINEllen Musialela of Swapo Women's Council spoke to Dawn about the role andthe contribution made by women in the Namibian struggle for nationalindependence.came to Namibia, the life of our people was different. We worked together withlittle difference between our roles in society.Women were not so much regarded as minors by their husbands. With the adventof colonialism in Namibia, we saw a change - women became victims ofdomination and exploitation.That is why it is important for the Namibian women to unite to ensure that theoppressive system in Namibia is destroyed.

DAWN.;,. In view of this" background,-' is-there any form of resistance by women ';uiNamibia? -L 7"We can no more endure the pain of seeing our children debased in to slavery."There was resistance during the German occupation :of our country. Even now,women continue to resist South African occupation. We women are responsiblefor lives. We bear children. Women are tired of giving birth to slaves. We can nomore endure the pain of seeing our children debased into slavery.

Our Women have realized the need to struggle alongside our men in every formof resistance in Namibia. In December 1959 our people marched to the BantuCommissioner's office in Windhoek in protest against forced removals.FOREFRONTWomen were in the forefront in this protest which was spearheaded by acourageous woman, Kakurukaze Mungunda. She died under a hail of bulletswhile setting the superitendent's car on fire. Eleven people were killed by theregime, the majority of them being women and children. We were inspired bywhat Mungunda did and we shall continue to fight against the racist regimealongside our men, until all oppression is completely wiped out from our country.-DAWN: How do women in PLAN contribute towards a free independentNamibia?Ellen: Women in Namibia were ir, pired by the defeat of the Portuguese inMozambique and Angola. They came out in great numbers into one front wherethey learn that for us women to be free, we have a duty to destroythe colonial system in Namibia.We explained to. them the constitution of SWAPO which bears nodiscrimination between men and women. It is up to us to show our talents andcapabilities through our participation.

SWAPO women can participate in "any form of work to advance our struggle.The role of women-in.the People's Liberation Army of Namibia- is,..not..restricted to any one form. They play many roles as communication, medical,intelligence officers; commissars and commanders of our army. Some of-thiwomen have already engaged. the enemy in battle. When the radist regimeattacked Cassinga in 1978 two women, Maria Katoko and Ester Naboth mannedan an.ti-aircraft gun defending the camp.When the racist regime bombed and shelled the cawp, these women never gaveup. They stood their ground, holding onto the anti-aircraft gun 6ntil they weregunned an the spot-fighting. They defended unarmed women, children and oldpeople until the last minute.Our women am not people wh .only carry guns and food; but they have tophysically ri;I- in active combat.-Women' inside -.Namibia ,also cqme out openly in supporr:6f- he Pe'ple'sLiberation Army .of Namibia; Women like. Icla Jimmy, addressing'a.rally, calledupon women,,.to 1actiVeiy-.'su'pport our army. - --pMaking this call, she gave an example of her own son, saying if h-i 'ameback shecould not reject him'L t is her own child that she-'gave birth to; she would notregard him as a criminal but as a freedom fighter. She reiterated that it is our dutyas women .,to .work with PLAN combatants, becausi -they are our ownliberators and not criminals as the racist regime of Pretoria is trying to potraythem. Getrude Kandanga, the Deputy Secretary of Swapo Women's Council isanother example of resistance by our women in ..Namibia. Rauna Nambinga wasvictimised and tortured by racist police for giving shelter to Swapo combatants.

DAWN: So what you are saying is that .the struggle for women's liberation isvery much linked with the struggle against the racist reqime.Ellen: -'Exactly. If we want to be emancipated :as women we must first destroythe system which denies us the right to forge ahead and be emancipated aswomen. The apartheid system divides and separate people. There is*: no way inwhich we can work together with our,' a: . i. ' rder that system.It is difficult for women to confine themselves.to sexual discrimination without,addressing ourselves to the system which is hindering our development. Theconstitution of Swapo guarantees the24 :right of women to equality and all-round participation.in the liberation struggle.We must pay special attention to the development of our women during theliberation process - to give them the allround education and professional training.If we upgrade and educateourwomen, then by the time we attain ourindependence we will be able to have a high number of women in professionaland skilled jobs. And it is through our partktation in the liberation struggle thatwe can also help to liberate our men from backward attitudes.

DTN* - DAWN: "Whi'iV the-,crole.rof,.Swapoi .-- jii,,i,.,ei " i',.'U'nl,$. lb ." rWoIMenriC6uncil in ensuringrthat woment4T- e3?: .,, , ? ,eF-OriyithdrF role'within Ore People's Liber-,,. ij- -,',''n , :a~bn, Arm1of-Namibia?%!, , ..-.. :;c.. , ..-.ItG., 5 . ;,-) : .. :"SWAPO is giving us a chance, to show that there is a difference between lifeunder the racist colonial regime and what SWAPO stands for and is doing for ourpeople."Ellen: After Swapo was formed we had a Consultative Congress ; in 1969 inTanzania where the Swapo Women's Council was formed. This wing was formedin recognition of the contribution that 'women have made in the struggle. But,despite the low number of women at. that time,-the few that were there made theirmark. Comrade Putuse Appolus is our representative at the Pan African Women'sOrganisation in Algeria.Also, another worthy contribution was made by Dr. Libatina Amathila who is stillworking hard in trying to develop the Health conditions for children and mothers.We run political classes to deepen our women's consciousness and expose theenemy's divisive tricks against our people. The enemy divides our people becauseit wants to continue to exploit their labour in the mines and as domestic servants.Today Swapo women can go and address the United Nations Organisation onbehalf of our organisation. This is something which the racist regime could havenever dreamt of. They are suprised when they see, our women in these forums.The boers instil in us the myth that a black woman is incapable of doing anything.I was also suprised when I came to Swapo and found women doing everything.The South West Africa People's Organisation is giving us a chance to show that

there is difference between life under the racist colonial regime and what Swapostands for and is doing for our people.. .We women have to put more effort and energy in fighting side by side with ourmen because it is within these conditions created by our organisations that ouremancipation will come. At least, now we can see that there is light coming in,whereas in the past we were just left in the darkness to rot.The struggle continues andvipqr , is certaip. A _Iw R VA I

Cont. from Page.) to be organised into trade unions-and a,What we see are.signs of a decaying single trade union fideration 2tof bereal~ isd -'political system, a. slave system which . realised.--: has outlived its era.Thisclearlystrengtnent. i., Vladimir.. Ilyich Lenin, that genius our belief thatthere ;can- be .of the Soviet people, spoke of the youth no viable. politicalsystem in South-. as the 'schock- force of: the revolution'. Africa without thearmed seizure of The growth of youth: and- student orpower by the oppressedmajority. The ganisations is a formidable force for the rise and level of massopposition shows triumph of our revolution, and: this that our people are morethan ever pre- has never been .more evident, than with pared for this destiny-people's power. the nation-wide -youth -and student The fierce'and violentbattles between' action againstthe racist bogus elections. our people and the racistregime are an The racist regime is very-much awareexpression of the pledge made by our that these are signs of its downfall. Thispeople in 1955 when they met to draw is our victory against the racist regime.the Freedom Charter: These Freedoms That is why it is talking about enteringWe Will Fight For Side By Side, Through. into a dialogue with the ANC. Evenout Our Lives, Until We Have Won Our its imperialist allies are very muchaware Liberty. that there can be no long term solutionThe prospects of a free democratic in South Africa without the ANC.South Africa have never been so bright But we must be vigilant as ever,as they are today. The situation calls because combined with this talk of on alldemocratic and patriotic forces dialogue is a concerted campaign to to uniteunder the leadership of the change the nature of the ANC. We African NationalCongress and in- must be firm and staunch in our ideolotensify our onslaughtagainst the regime. gical conviction. Even the racists' imperiaIt also calls on thecombatants of our list mentors feel that if the ANC was people's army, UmkhontoWe Sizwe to not what it is today, 'they would makethrust the spear of our people deeper more progress.' into the racist citadel.The racist regime is-very much awarethat these are signs of its down fall. Thisis our victory against the racist regimeThat is why it is talking about enterinointo a dialoque with the ANC. -ORGANISATIONThe growth and the organisation of Black workers into trade unions has reached alevel unprecedented in our history. For the first time Black workers are better

organised than iheir white counterparts. They have become an invincible force inthe labour field. This is a result of our efforts. Therefore it makes it necessary formore workers 26Joe Slovo - the army Chief of Staff-'They would like us to say we shall drop armed struggle and let capital continueexploiting our labour power."Comrade Joe Slovo remarked thai .siey would like us to say we shall drop drmedstruggle and let capital continue ;.xploiting our labour power, and that

D~Nwe shall break our aliance,,with: te South ,Afrric urift :Paty anddrop .ourj/elataJs with. theSoviet Union.~-3i~ '±~.''SCommander in Chief O.R. Tambo."They want something different which is not the ANC."PRIVATE BAG X I 7 13ELLVi "1AF 7535CLIMAX . .. ..Onedoes not' need- to" be communist to knoii that freidbr With0ut the seizure ofthe' econm'c power from the:monoolie Will "'not6'be genuin liberation: We also"n'eto- emphasise thatihe ANCSACP alliance isnotah accidertof history. It is the'climax, of long principled battles fought by'o'ur*pe 'p*e in search ofunity. It is ahistorical heritage, a precious gift we are prepared to defen*'d and if need be evenwith our lives. That is why the Commander-in-Chief of our army, Comrade 0. RTambo says: "They do not want the ANC. They want something different, whichis not the ANC. And that something they already have in their Gatshas andMatanzimas".It is rls- unthinkable to speak of the ANC without Umkhonto We Sizwe. ComradeMandela emphasised this point in court when he said:"The African National Congress was formed in 1912 to defend the rights of theAfrican people which had been seriously curtailed... For thirty-seven years - thatis until 1949 - it adhered strictly to a constitutional struggle.It put forward demands and resolutions; it sent delegations to the government inthe belief that African grievances could be settled through peaceful discussion andthat Africans could gradually advance to full. political rights."He went on to say the white government remained unmoved and the rights ofAfricans became less and less. The government's, reaction was to introduce newharsher laws. It mobilised it's armed forces, and sent saracens and armed vehicles.In conclusion he said:"This was an indication that the government had decided to rule by force alone,and this decision was a milestone on the road to Umkhonto... We had no doubtthat we had to continue the fight. Anything else would have been abiectsurrender...

"It was only when all else had failed, when all channels of peadeful protest hadbeen barred to us, that the decision, was made to embark on violent forms of.

political struggle, and to form Umkhonto -We. Sizwe. We,. did,. so not becausewe: desired such a course, but solely because the government had left us with noother choice.,'On the same point, Commanderin-Chief* O.R .Tambo goes further to say the'question is-not whether the ANC is prepared to talk to the racists or not. Themain question is what we are to discuss. It is only the question of completedismantling of apartheid that we can discuss."The fact that the enemy is prepared to talk proves that we are a force. It provesthat we are an indestructible force.Comrade Joe S!n,..'s address ended with a profound ar'alysis of these racistmoves. He said:"The fact that the enemy is prepared to talk proves that we are a force. It provesthat we are an indestructible-force."This has not come about by magic, but through blows delivered by UmkhontoWe Sizwe, which have earned the ANC this reputation. It is through sacrifice byour heroes and martyrs, through patience, morale, belief in our victory and trust inour revolution."Despite problems which we will find solutions to, the situation at home gives afeeling of optimism. It will lead to a greater advance in our struggle. W: arevictorious, that is why the enemy wants to talk to us!"Con t from Page 2110' The, fo 6wingi6cerpts from interviewsconducted with two members of theS.A.C.C. reveal how pathetic their position is:1). Q. Who is the enemy?A. It's a good question. When they told me to shoot somebody I asked them why,but they didn't give me a straight answer, they said that if you don't shoot him,then he will shoot you. It's not an -answer... It's communists, Russians andCubans, they want South Africa, it's very rich. But people in South Africa arefighting among themselves, the people in SWAPO are from SWA. People wholeave and join ' ander regering', SWA is independent now (Another C.C. membercorrects him: No only next year). If there's an election, South Africa will win.Q. But the election is only forSWA people?A. Ja, then SWAPO will come in,it will become the government.Q. So why fight?A. I don't understand - it's not awar. I don't know what it is.2). Q. Who is the enemy?A. They say it's the terrorists, but they are ordinary people like us. They are justwell-trained. They are 'A bietiie slim'. If maybe they come in and blow up abuilding, then they are called terrorists, butthey are just people like us.Though the inflow of the 'Coloureds' into the S.A.C.C. necessitated changes to theDefence Act, the equal status spoken of will always remain a pipe: dream as long

as apartheid exists. The SADF. being the armed repressive machinery of theapartheid state, cannot present an image different from the South African society.Racial discrimin.

DINation is rife',,.Black wages, as, pointed. situation' where these soldiers will turnout above.. average: slightly above fIalf ,.those; guns, against, the whiteoppresthe.-a., ewie so I, "lii m1850.any, C'.C. soldiersidecounterparts-,hil& Blacks- do most- of,.serted and joined Chief Sandile. Thisthe' fightirg'J ". *: ..canstill be done today!. .. .f of our.,p5opagandaBRUTAILITY.,'_T -'BRUTALITY.,- - - . must be directed- at these 'unfortunateSADFs brutalii.'twards th.ese-soldiers'sonsof our country. We must send our isappalling. The case of Private Mark , pol itical *workers to the S.A.C.C.. toAbrahams is one out of imany pump - in ANC.and MK politics with. theaim of winning-the S.A.C.C. over to ourWe can conclude that seeds ior side. And that shall have. been a giantdeep grievances exist -among these stride towards the realisation of our'Coloured' soldiers. They need to be goal, a free, united and democratic nurturedand developed -into a mutinous South Africa.-'.4- , .~ S * p. - -, t,,;.t. .. .' L . , I

~0our presenc e is neededA M ATURING REVOLUTIONARY SITUATION-ZAKES KHULUSince the June 16 uprisings we have witnessed our people taking into.-the streets,confronting the enemy with everything in their hands to achieve freedom andindependence. This active participation "of the masses.:in struggle gave birth tothe UDF, the many -Youth Congresses, Civic Associctions, anu' above allorganisation in *the working .class ranks - the vanguard of the people and therevolution.It Ihas been the conviction of these confident marching masses that revolution isabout state p'ower. The fascists also understand this. The political defeat of racistpoliticians is clearly shown by the destruction of community councilsas the organs of the apartheid state. Not to mention the-. unwavering andconsistent fight by the. heroic youth and students against bantu education. Thisdefeat is also symbolised by the constitutional reform policy which wasdeclared fraudulent by our people.The South African state is fascist. Fascism is genocidal, murderous and criminal.It was characterised by concentration camps in Germany, and by the- systematicextermination of Palestinians by Israeli zionists. Today it is characterised 7,000

troops at Vaal Triangle andthe total siege of that part of our country. Of coursethey will fail as they did in Sobantu and Lamontviile.

nevecampaign . Luundet .a Dspete i; tmanytakes ,-seek to 'in'idate, f inflic1 eas, the enemy, caV sAtill .ul ani the fear, adi-s'pI'ay stren7H. Buteverywhere ame 1d way. It can deploy itsthey?'g&§i eet resistanci6n the ,--.hordes ;everywhere it w,... w The conepart4:bf thpeople;,-At .Vaae.iangle :radictins in the enemy' camp, though peopleru-ned xises, erected barricad -_hey should be studied and exploited, Sand.fought -1e'. dt up obstacles to nol gravitate towards the demandsblock-.!the advance of the rac'ist4,ry 2of the; people:*.-%They evolve aroundandpolice. They turned knives,' spears--'iow best to deep'nrr fascism, how best' andstones into weapons to oppress and colonise us.Similar incidehts were repeated ;n . Another important factor is theiKwaZakhele, Cradock, Grahamstown, * Queenstown and in many- other areas.This confirmed one- thing - that the political march of our people must bebacked up by. advanced tactics of MK. The army of our people must grow. " outof these masses behind the barricades. Combat forces along the lines of the S.A.Suicide Squad (never mind the name). need to be built immediately.This ever increasing popular mass opposition to fascism gains strength everyday,even in our rural areas. These .-areas only need a spark to initiate direct ,-confrontation of the people with fascism and lay bare the fundamentalcontradiction also in the rural areas, the contradic. tion between fascist-colonialrule and the masses of our people.REVOLUTIONARY SITUATION Th'ere is in our country a maturing existenceof :certain elements of a revolutionary situation. Poverty is rampant. Rents, food,prices and transport fares are skyrocketting. The masses are forced to shoulder theburden of the economic crisis the fascists' economy finds itself in.This unbearable situation and the work of the revolutionary alliance together withthe entire democratic move. ment has led to this heightened mass upsurge whichhas demonstrated that our people do not vwant to be ruled in the same old way.11R4v %T " .N - -"degree. of organisation of the vanguard movement, the ANC. Events. in ourcountry- confirm more than ever before that our presence is needed. We must .-not confuse the unbanning of the ANC-objectives and the unbanning of the actual organisation by the people. There *iasnever been a time like now in our-history where the necessity of the existence of ANC leadership inside is soa3pparent. For what ourpose?- Building of ANC structures throughout the country and give on-thespotguidance to all revolutionaryactivity.- The 'nationalisation' of local issues.- Building and deployment of trained ANC cadres in all fronts of thestnimole.

We need to deploy tne cream and our best cadres in the most strategic andso.nsitive areas of the revolution.Revolution relies on the morale and discipline of the vanguard, movement. TheANC was born in 1912 and its struggle during all the years of its existenceexplains the reasons why we have been able to win the confidence- of our people... This entire experience which we have won under most testingtimes, must be the source of our iron discipline. . e-

V *1. *.- ..No.5I' It -.~9 1I~1IF' I"19CluesCLUESACROSS1. A law officer5. Part of the body6. Length of time a person has lived 7. To connect an electrical circuit to earth8. A report spread by gossip9. In the same degree 11. A tropical plant with seedpod thatare used as vegetable 14. To poison by gas 16. Very smart 17. Group of islandsin the West. IndiesDOWN1. A flag2. U.D.F.'s Publicity Secretary3. Fast military aircraft designed for attacking other aircraft4. South Africa's vice president 10. Frame holding the glass panes ofa window and sliding down ingrooves.11. Singular of ova 12. In the past 13. Piece of work 15. A small poisonous snake16. Post scriptSee answers in DAWN Vol 9 No.1:;2.!t

DISCIPLINE IS THEMOTHER OF VICTORY

t/Radio LusakaShortwave 31mb. 9505 KHzShortwave 25mb, 11880 KHz Radio LuandaShortwave 31mb. 9635 KHz and 25mbRadio MadagascarShortwave 49mb. 6135 KHzRadio EthiopiaShortwave 31mb, 965 KHz Radio TanzaniaShortwave 31mb750 KHz7.00 p.m. Daily 10.15-10.45 p.m. Wednesday9.30-10.00 p.m. Thursday 10.15-10.45 p.m. Friday8.00-8.45 a.m. Sunday7.30 p.m. Monday-Saturday8.30 p.m. Sudnay7.00-9.00 p.m. Monday-Saturday7.00-8.00 Suvlay9.30-10.00 p.m. DailyA*1 ~'. t, IfTo move forward...,. {I,, p.m. M qndy, Wednesday. Friday t,} C,16,a.kr Tusday. Thursday.Saturday~ ) ~we must attack,act in unity and Utite in action.

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