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“We continue to bleed red, blue, and orange:” The costs of the
denial of the Armenian Genocide
Posted by Emma Noradounkian
on February 14, 2015
Though Polish Jewish lawyer and drafter of the 1948 United Nations Convention on the Preventionand Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) Raphael Lemkin officially coined the term“genocide” in 1944, there can be no doubt that the Young Turk government’s deliberate and centrally-
planned extermination of 1.5 million Armenians in the Ottoman Empire between 1915 and 1917
should be labelled as such.[1] With the intention of purifying the region of Anatolia of its “cancerous”Christian population, the Young Turks undertook a series of “ethnoreligious homogenization” policiesconsisting of murder, mass rape, deportations, and forced death marches against hundreds of thousands of Armenians.[2] These atrocities fall under Article II of the CPPCG, which provides adefinition for the crime of genocide: “acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a
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national, ethnical, racial or religious group.”[3]
Yet, the classification of this crime as genocide has consistently been denied by the successiveTurkish governments and a number of Turkish and non-Turkish scholars alike.[4] The reluctance of defining the extermination of Armenians as a genocide has also been widespread amongst themajority of the world’s states, with only twenty-two states officially acknowledging the ArmenianGenocide.[5] The international community continues to suffer from what Lipmann calls “denialsyndrome,” in which it is “reluctant to invoke the morally and politically significant term genocide”
with regards to the Armenian massacres from 1915 to 1917.[6] This commonly-held denial of itsreality as a genocide not only enables cross-generational trauma within the Armenian community,thereby preventing it from healing from its traumatic history, but its denial also allows for itsrepetition in addition to the continuation of other present-day and future genocidal episodes.[7] Beforeexamining the consequences of denying the Armenian Genocide–which extend to the denial of allother genocides–it is important to consider the reasons for and the ways in which several scholars andthe Turkish government have taken pains to utterly deny it themselves.
Hovannisian argues that “following the physical destruction of a people and their material culture,memory is all that is left and is targeted as the final victim.”[8] Thus, denial, by which the memory of
a peoples’ physical annihilation is destroyed and forever forgotten, marks the final stage of genocide.[9] In the process of denial, eyewitness and survivor accounts are discredited, archives on thegenocide are destroyed, and scholars supporting the actuality of the genocide are bribed and/or
persecuted and executed.[10] Moreover, the perpetrators aim to reshape historical facts, exoneratethemselves of all blame, and demonize victims, reversing the victim-perpetrator roles and claimingthat they instead suffered at the hands of the other.[11] Such intentions for the denial of the ArmenianGenocide transpire in the writings of Kamuran Gürün, Stanford Shaw, Justin McCarthy, and HeathLowry amongst others, and in the actions of the Turkish government.[12] The denial tactics of theTurkish government over the years have included its scapegoating of Kurdish officials who wereallegedly blamed for this atrocity following the First World War; its continued coercion of journalistsand foreign scholars to write about “the other side of the story” since the 1960s; its disruption of genocide talks and conventions such as that of Tel Aviv in 1982; and most recently, its invitation tothe anniversary of the Battle of Gallipoli to 102 countries, including Armenia, which convenientlycoincides with the centenary of the commemoration of the Armenian Genocide on April 24, 2015.[13]
Whether tacitly or explicitly, the denial of genocide may encourage further instances of genocide bythe same perpetrators and by other groups.[14] Denial absolves the wrongdoers from responsibility for genocide; they are undeterred from recommitting the same crime, either towards the same victimgroup or to others.[15] A more recent instance of the Turkish government’s complicity in an analleged assault on Armenians, according to the Armenian National Committee–International, occurredin March 2014 when Turkey was claimed to have played an active role in aiding al Qaeda-affiliated
terrorist groups in their three-day attack on Armenians in Kessab, Syria.[16] The same logic applies toother possible perpetrator groups, who, in turn, are also empowered to make similar genocidalattempts, as they are guaranteed impunity like their Turkish counterpart.[17] In fact, Alayariancontends that, had the international community officially recognized the Armenian Genocide, the firstgenocide of the twentieth-century, and punished its perpetrators, the Jewish Holocaust and subsequentgenocides could have been averted.[18]
The denial of the Armenian Genocide also prevents Armenians across the globe from fully healingfrom the cross-generational trauma that they continue to suffer.[19] While the present diasporans of Armenian Genocide survivors did not experience the Genocide themselves, they undeniably identifywith their Armenian ancestors who were victimized a hundred years ago and who have orallytransmitted their trauma throughout the generations.[20] Staub argues that the members of victims of genocide remain in fear of a future genocide, unable to trust the majority of the internationalcommunity that failed and continues to fail to protect them by virtue of their denial: “They mistrust
people and see the world as a dangerous place. They feel disconnected from the people and a world
7/23/2019 “We Continue to Bleed Red, Blue, And Orange” the Costs of the Denial of the Armenian Genocide by Emma Nora…
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that has harmed them and, at the very least, has not protected them.”[21] If the world were torecognize the suffering that the Armenians endured from 1915 to 1917, Staub holds that they could
begin to recover from their trauma.[22] If the perpetrators were to acknowledge their own pain andguilt, they could, in turn, also heal themselves, “stop blaming the people they harmed, […] and begin[assuming] responsibility for having harmed them.”[23]
On the eve of the Jewish Holocaust, when an aide had noted to Hitler that the world would not allowthe Nazis to conduct a genocide against the Jewish people, he replied, “Who, after all, remembers the
annihilation of the Armenians?,” suggesting that he could expect to get away with his obliteration of the Jews without any intervention on his inhumane actions and with the guarantee of impunity, as hadthe Turkish government in 1915-1917.[24] In the wake of the commemoration of the centenary of theArmenian Genocide on April 24, Armenians around the world hope that the entirety of theinternational community will fully acknowledge the Armenian Genocide, and in the process, deter those who continue to partake in Hitler’s and other genocidists’ thoughts and repair the wound fromwhich so many have bled red, blue, and orange.
____________________________
References:
[1] Payam Akhavan, Reducing Genocide to Law: Definition, Meaning, and the Ultimate Crime(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012), 6, 90; Aida Alayarian, Consequences of Denial: TheArmenian Genocide (London: Karnac Books,2008), 8.
[2] Taner Akçam, The Young Turks’ Crime Against Humanity: The Armenian Genocide and EthnicCleansing in the Ottoman Empire (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2012), 29.
[3] UN General Assembly, Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, 9 December 1948,United Nations, no. 1021, 280, https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%2078/volume-
78-I-1021-English.pdf (accessed 6 February 2015).
[4] Alayarian, Consequences of Denial, XXX, 8.
[5] “The White House and State Department Have Once Again Shown Their Fear of Turkey,”https://armeniangenocideblog.wordpress.com/tag/list-of-countries-officially-recognizing-the-armenian-genocide/, accessed February 8.
[6] Matthew Lippman, “Darfur: The Politics Of Genocide Denial Syndrome.” Journal of GenocideResearch 9, no. 2 (2007): 195, accessed February 7, 2015, doi: 10.1080/14623520701368594.
[7] Alayarian, Consequences of Denial, XXVII; Richard G. Hovannisian, Remembrance and Denial:The Case of the Armenian Genocide (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1998), 229.
[8] Hovannisian, Remembrance and Denial, 202.
[9] Hovannisian, Remembrance and Denial, 201, 202; Sévane Garibian, “Taking Denial Seriously:Genocide Denial and Freedom of Speech in French Law,” Cordoso J. Of Conflict Resolution 9, no.479 (2008): 487, accessed February 8, 2015, http://cardozojcr.com/vol9no2/479-488.pdf.
[10] Alayarian, Consequences of Denial, XXX; Lippman, “Darfur: The Politics Of Genocide DenialSyndrome,” 210.
[11] Hovannisian, Remembrance and Denial, 229.
[12] Hovannisian, Remembrance and Denial, 208; See Gurun’s “The Armenian File: The Myth of Innocence Exposed,” Shaw’s “History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey,” McCarthy’s
7/23/2019 “We Continue to Bleed Red, Blue, And Orange” the Costs of the Denial of the Armenian Genocide by Emma Nora…
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8/16/2015 “W e continue to bleed red, blue, and orange:” The costs of the denial of the Armenian Genocide | McGill International Review
http://mironline.ca/?p=3682 4/13
“Death and Exile: The Ethnic Cleansing of the Ottoman Muslims, 1821-1922,” and Lowry’s “TheStory Behind Ambassador Morgenthau’s Story,” for examples of Armenian Genocide denialscholarship.
[13] Roger W. Smith, Eric Markusen, and Robert Jay Lifton, “Professional Ethics And The Denial Of Armenian Genocide,” Holocaust and Genocide Studies 9, no. 1 (1995): 1-22, accessed February 7,2015, http://hgs.oxfordjournals.org/content/9/1/1.full.pdf html. 5; Marvine Howe, “Turkey Denies ItThreatened Jewes Over Tel Aviv Parley On; Genocide,” The New York Times, June 5, 1982,
accessed February 8, 2015. http://www.nytimes.com/1982/06/05/world/turkey-denies-it-threatened- jewes-over-tel-aviv-parley-on-genocide.html; Robert Fisk, “The Gallipoli Centenary Is a ShamefulAttempt to Hide the Armenian Holocaust,” The Independent, January 19, 2015, accessed February 7,2015. http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/the-gallipoli-centenary-is-a-shameful-attempt-to-hide-the-armenian-holocaust-9988227.html.
[14] Smith, Markusen, and Lifton, “Professional Ethics And The Denial Of Armenian Genocide,” 14.
[15] Gregory H.Stanton, “The Eight Stages of Genocide,” Keene, accessed February 8, 2015.http://www.keene.edu/ksc/assets/files/10074/p_genocide_8stages.pdf; UN Human Rights Council,
Report on the Question of the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide BenjaminWitaker, 2 July 1985, UN Document E/CN.4/Sub.2/ 1985/6,http://www.preventgenocide.org/prevent/UNdocs/whitaker/. accessed 7 February 2015.
[16] “Reports Cite 80 Dead in Kessab; Churches Desecrated,” Asbarez, March 24, 2014, accessedFebruary 7, 2015, http://asbarez.com/121007/reports-cite-80-dead-in-kessab-churches-desecrated/.
[17] Alayarian, Consequences of Denial, XXX.
[18] Ibid.
[19] Ervin Staub, “The Origins And Prevention of Genocide, Mass Killing, and Other CollectiveViolence,” Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology 5, no. 4 (1999): 303-36, accessedFebruary 9, 2015, http://people.umass.edu/estaub/opcm.pdf, 308, 321.
[20] Ibid., 320, 323.
[21] Ibid., 320.
[22] Ibid., 321.
[23] Ibid., 321.
[24] Gregory H. Stanton, “The Eight Stages of Genocide;” “U.S. Congress and Adolf Hitler on theArmenians,” Armenian, Assyrian, and Hellenic Genocide News, January 7, 2004, accessed February8, 2015, http://www.atour.com/~aahgn/news/20040107c.html.
Tags: armenian diaspora armenian genocide armenian genocide denial denial genocide lemkinremember1915 Turkey
About Emma Noradounkian
Emma is a second-year undergraduate student majoring in Political Science and minoring in History
7/23/2019 “We Continue to Bleed Red, Blue, And Orange” the Costs of the Denial of the Armenian Genocide by Emma Nora…
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8/16/2015 “W e continue to bleed red, blue, and orange:” The costs of the denial of the Armenian Genocide | McGill International Review
http://mironline.ca/?p=3682 5/13
who still can’t seem to decide whether she feels more Armenian or more Italian to this day. As areporter dedicated to unearthing social justice issues, Emma continues to be fascinated by the effectsof mass media on domestic and international politics.
22 Comments 1
• •
Jack Kalpakian •
More simply, we are forced to live as an unwelcome minority in the West and the Middle
East and our right to transmit our identity is consistently maligned in both cases by the
"host" societies.
• •
Fatma Sarikaya •
Just like the Turks who used to live in what is now the Armenian Republic or the
Caucasus in general were wiped out by the Armenians in large numbers felt since
those tumultous years of 1900... And they were not even the minority - but the
majority...
Peace cannot be achieved, until the Armenians' hatred of anyone and anything
Turkish subsides down.
• •
Jack Kalpakian •
In your world, we Armenians must be forced to pay for what Balkan and
Russian governments did to you, and not only that you invent a Turkish
minority in Armenia that did not exist to deny us even the small rump left.
Thank you for showing this to the whole world here.
• •
Marcus77 •
Most educated read real historian the world already know the truth
that is why 100 years you struggle to prove something no one but few
ignorant uninformed or have different agenda believes your lies or
pretend to believe it for the Armenian lobby money, you are trying to
buy a lie, false witness, that is why no real cour t proceedings gave
you the okay. I think you guys told the lie so often now you really
started to believe it LOL
Ergun Kirlikovali •
"...n some towns containing ten Armenian houses and thirty Turkish
houses, it was reported that 40,000 people were killed, about 10,000
women were taken to the harem, and thousands of children left
7/23/2019 “We Continue to Bleed Red, Blue, And Orange” the Costs of the Denial of the Armenian Genocide by Emma Nora…
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8/16/2015 “W e continue to bleed red, blue, and orange:” The costs of the denial of the Armenian Genocide | McGill International Review
http://mironline.ca/?p=3682 6/13
• •
es u e; an e c y un vers y es roye , an e s op e . s
a well- known fact that even in the last war the native Christians,
despite the Turkish cautions, armed themselves and fought on the
side of the Allies. In these conflicts, they were not idle, but they were
well supplied with artillery, machine guns and inflicted heavy losses
on their enemies…."
Source: Lamsa, George M., a missionary well known for his researchon Christianity, The Secret of the Near East, The Ideal Press,
Philadelphia 1923, p 133
• •
Marcus77 •
OHH I am sorry they are not Israel, attacking PA for what the
Germans did to Turks, many Armenians armed and koin the side with
Greeks and open the worst front when Turks were figting in 5, the one
inside the country, how is that many Armenians stayed after the war,do you know how? bcz Turkish neighbors told to Turkish soildiers
returning from war after winning the battle found their famlies
massacared by the Armenian rebels, were so angry took revenge but
the ones stayed in Turkey was protected by testomony of Turks
beighborrs saying please do not hurt this framliy they never join in the
killing, and Turks did not hram them, as you hear your grandma and
their faulire of making ood in America was told lies to you as a child
why they are poor and couldn't make it in new land was the excuse
Turks were the blame, we have grandmothers to so we read real
history, yes they killed 500,000 Turks and now they lied, logical
terms, after living with armenians for 700 years no one wakes up one
day and says lets kill this group of people, especially when Turks
allowed in their empire all kinds of religions and freedom to pray to any
god they may , that is why when they had Jerusalem they never
destroyed the religious quarters that included armeinan quarters, and
they gave the Jews right to pray there also, so your grandparents are
liars l am sorry , truth is not what they say as they are tow sides to a
coin, get with your life save your next generations, old hatreds will
always be more decremental than it is worth,
• •
Marcus77 •
Bravo
Anulik13249 •
Thank you for the article Emma Noradounkian -
If you care to learn the truth about the historical events, I suggest watching this
documentary:
7/23/2019 “We Continue to Bleed Red, Blue, And Orange” the Costs of the Denial of the Armenian Genocide by Emma Nora…
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8/16/2015 “W e continue to bleed red, blue, and orange:” The costs of the denial of the Armenian Genocide | McGill International Review
http://mironline.ca/?p=3682 7/13
• •
• •
Orhan Tan •
HI ALL,
BEFORE YOU START TO WRITE YOUR COMMENT PLEASE WATCH THE VIDEO (
COPY AND PASTE ; MARTY CALLAGHAN VIDEO ) PRODUCED BY MARTY
CALLAGHAN, FROM THE USA.. THANKS ALL...
Ergun Kirlikovali •
HERE IS THE LINK FOR THAT DOCUMENTARY:
7/23/2019 “We Continue to Bleed Red, Blue, And Orange” the Costs of the Denial of the Armenian Genocide by Emma Nora…
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8/16/2015 “We continue to bleed red, blue, and orange:” The costs of the denial of the Armenian Genocide | McGill International Review
http://mironline.ca/?p=3682 8/13
• •
• •
Ergun Kirlikovali •
ANALYZING MISREPRESENTATIONS IN A GENOCIDE ALLEGATION
Emma Noradounkian's article is replete with errors, omissions, and misrepresentations.
Those who wish to cut to the chase are welcome to watch this one-hour documentary,
Armenian Revolt 1894-1920", telling the other side of the story:
• •
Marcus77 •
Fantastic, this is the truth,Armenian haters should watch this, the ones the youth
poisoned by their grandfathers should watch this so that their children do not become
a victim in the future from this hatred
• •
Ergun Kirlikovali •
Also click on this link to see the Armeniansoldiers who exterminated the
entire Turkish population of the village of KIRLIKOVA, my namesake:
www.ethocide.com. My father, as a one-year-old baby was the sole survivor,
perhaps because the Armenian murderers thought they had already killed
him, too, and left him under a heap of Turkish corpses for dead. This is "the
other side", the ugly truth, about the (bogus) Armenian Genocide, that the
Armenians are hiding from public. If the public knows about Armenian
terrorism, revolts, treason, and territorial demands, then that would not be agenocide, would it?
His Excellency •
7/23/2019 “We Continue to Bleed Red, Blue, And Orange” the Costs of the Denial of the Armenian Genocide by Emma Nora…
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8/16/2015 “We continue to bleed red, blue, and orange:” The costs of the denial of the Armenian Genocide | McGill International Review
http://mironline.ca/?p=3682 9/13
• •
You are a nasty conspiracy theorist and a historical revisionist. No wonder you deny
the Armenian genocide, which was perpetrated by Ottoman Islamists, who you
sympathize with.
• •
Ergun Kirlikovali •
... And you are the "RAT" in "ARARAT" !
• •
zubeyde •
Armenian thesis depends on forgeries and falsified documents
(http://www.ataa.org/reference/..., http://www.tc-america.org/scho..., http://tc-
america.org/files/ne....
One of these falsifications is a quote attributed to Adolf Hitler in which he
purportedly responded to a query about his planned annihilation of European
Jewry, by quipping: ‘Who, after all, speaks today of the extermination of the
Armenians?’, on August 22, 1939, a few days prior to his invasion of Poland (Obersalzberg
speeches).
Contrary to Richard Hovannisian and other Armenians, the Nuremberg transcripts through
their preservation of U.S.-29 (798-PS), U.S.-30 (1014-PS), and the notes of
Admiral Boehm (which are corroborated by the relevant passages from the diary
of General Halder), in no way authenticate the infamous Hitler quote. On the
contrary, by establishing the actual texts of Hitler’s Obersalzberg speeches
they demonstrate that the statement is conspicuously absent from Hitler’s
remarks. The assertion that Hitler made a reference to the Armenians in any
context whatsoever is without foundation. (Heath W Lowry, The U.S. Congress and
• •
Gagik Angelo •
As a Grand son of the Genocide survivor, have to heal, but how, if Turks deny it, and theyalso have been forced to deny by the Turkish Constitution (article 301 "insulting
Turkishness)?
Some Turkish citizens are speaking about it and have been imprisoned for that, mainly not
Turkish Nationals, just like Journalist Hrant Dink (Armenian), who eventually have been
murdered in cold blood.
Anyway, Thank you for your work and a great research on the subject!
Avetis Muradyan •
Emma jan,
Thank you for your work and I encourage you to continue.
7/23/2019 “We Continue to Bleed Red, Blue, And Orange” the Costs of the Denial of the Armenian Genocide by Emma Nora…
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http://mironline.ca/?p=3682 10/13
• •
• •
Marcus77 •
This is the biggest lie ever told, arMenians revolted against their neighbors (Turks)whom
they lived many 100 of years with very little problems took up arms with help of
Russians(promised them their own province such as Turkmenistan, Georgia so on) killed
400 to 500,000 Turkish women children and the old because the young and the strong was
armed and sent to front lines where Turks were fighting 5 fronts
,British,Greeks,French,Italians and north Russian, after a long battle loosing many men
Turks won their independence from these invaders. returned home and could not find their
family they left behind, most were killed some were burnt to death in locked mosques .many
Turks took revenge that is true but the arMenians did not do the killing were witness by their
Turkish neighbors we unharmed and many lives in Turkey this day,after new Turkish
government put a stop to revenge killing and they did but could not granted their safety as
Turkish anger was enormous, who wouldn't be coming home after a long battle seen your
family massacred, never the less Turkish government told them they better relocate
because they could not put one soldier front of every arMenian to green tee their safety, 1
million left for Syria and France where not they scream bloody murder and brained washed
the young arMains to hate the Turks
and this lie spread to hold this as a bargaining tool by certain western countries, you know
as long as dead are Muslims west have no problem with it,
arMenians grandfathers have no one else to blame but their own misconduct, 100 years ago
they started to kill and they got what they deserve as their time allowed, now they cry foul,
sorry you keep telling this lie to people who do not know the truth, most intelligent informed
educated people know the truth that is why you still struggle 100 years to prove something
is not there, GOOD LUCK
• •
Orhan Tan •
Marcus 77, Are you kidding with the readers? Your comment starts with a distorted
historical reality. You should read your history and need to learn that the Armenians
were not the neighbours, but citizens of Ottoman Empire and they revolted against
their state.
• •
His Excellency •
No they didn't. They were a persecuted minority for their ethnicity and
religion, you Islamist-sympathizing fool.
• •
Aelialicinia •
Like Nazis Genocide deniers are captive to an odious ideology fueled by hateful and hate
filled muslim propaganda. It is very sad but not surprising given the violent muslim worldview.
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