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We all have something in common…
Something we are doing right now…
What am I talking about??
Reading…
Clinical Question
In children, does the use of pictures support literacy development?
In children with developmental
disabilities, does the use of pictures
support learning to read new words?
cat
catb)
catc)
a)
11 22
Results of SearchLevel of Evidence # Sources
Level I
Systematic review0
ERIC
Pubmed
OVID
CINAHL
Web of Science
Level I
Randomised control trials0
Level II 0
Level III 0
Level IV 8
Fading Study
Dorry and Zeaman
1975
Condition 1
Picture and word presented
Picture gradually faded
car
Condition 2Picture and word
Word alone
OR
car
OR
car
Condition 3
Picture and word presented
car
Condition 4Picture alone
Word alone
OR
OR
car
Summary
Dorry and Zeaman (1975)
• Printed word and picture. Picture gradually faded• Either word and picture OR word alone• Printed word and picture• Picture alone or word alone
Fading Study
Tabe and Jackson
1989
Condition 1Word embedded in picture (superimposed)
Picture gradually faded
car
Condition 2Word embedded in picture (superimposed)
Picture non-fading
car
Condition 3
Picture with word written on the side (juxtaposed)
Picture gradually faded
car
Condition 4
Picture with word written on the side (juxtaposed)
Picture non-fading
car
SummaryTabe and Jackson (1989)
• Superimposed fading• Superimposed non-fading• Juxtaposition fading• Juxtaposition non-fading
Picture vs. Word Study
Singh and Solman
1990
Condition A
Picture
Picture enhanced
+
car
5 cm
2.5 cm
Condition B
Word alone
car2.5 cm
Condition C
Word alone
+Word enhanced
car
car5 cm
2.5 cm
Condition D
Word alone
car5 cm
Summary
Singh and Solman (1990)
• Picture (1st slide) and picture enhanced (2nd slide)• Word alone• Word (1st slide) and word enhanced (2nd slide)• Word alone enhanced
Didden, Prinsen and Sigafoos
2000
Condition A - DSame as Singh and Solman (1990)
Condition ENew conditionNew condition
Word alone and then…
car
2 seconds later
car
Summary
Didden, Prinsen and Sigafoos (2000)
• Picture (1st slide) and picture enhanced (2nd slide)• Word alone• Word (1st slide) and word enhanced (2nd slide)• Word alone enhanced• Word alone then picture feedback
Didden, de Graaff, Nelemans, Vooren and Lancioni
2006
Condition 1
Word alone
car
Condition 2
Word embedded in picture
car
Condition 3
Faded with 4 steps
car
SummaryDidden, de Gradd, Nelemans, Vooren and
Lancioni (2006)
• Word alone• Word embedded in picture• Word and picture. Picture faded
Summary for Fading Studies• Dorry and Zeaman 1975Printed word and picture. Picture gradually faded.
• Hoogeveen, Smeets and Lancioni 1989Fading pictorial elements.
• Tabe and Jackson 1989Fading conditions (superimposed/juxtaposed)
Summary for Picture vs Word• Singh and Solman 1990Word alone
Word alone enhanced
• Didden, Prinsen and Sigafoos 2000Word alone then picture feedback
• Didden, de Gradd, Nelemans, Vooren and Lancioni 2006
Word alone
• Fossett and Mirenda 2006Picture to text matching
Another interesting find…
차Car.
집A table and a bed next to a wall
Furniture in a room.
House.
Let’s try with Sight Words
car
Make a handle…
Cars go beep
What would this LOOK like?
car
car
Clinical Question
In children does the use of pictures support literacy development?
No, presenting the WORD ALONE (i.e.
without pictures) is more efficient when
teaching children to read new words
a)
cat
catb)
catc)
How might this effect clinical practice?
- Advice to teachers
- Information given to parents
- Challenge current strategies used in the classroom and clinical practice