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Caltech 1959
Atoms on a small scale behave like
nothing on a large scale, for they
satisfy the laws of quantum mechanics. So, as we go down and
fiddle around with the atoms down
there, we are working with different
laws, and we can expect to do
different things.
computin
g machin
es are v
ery
large; t
hey fill
rooms.
the wires should be 10 or 100 atoms in diameter
The electron microscope
is not quite good enough
Encyclopae
dia
Brittanica
on the
head of a pi
n
we can arrange the atoms the way we want; the very atoms, all the way down
1 m = 100 cm
= 1 000 mm
= 1 000 000 µm
= 1 000 000 000 nm
Anão, em gregoνάνος
3 474 km
3.5 metro 90,7
mm
astronauta
90 nm
Nanotecnol
ogia
projectos
científico
s ou
tecnológic
os sobre
fenómenos
ou proprie
dades da
matéria à
escala do
nanómetro
(0,1->100n
m)
0.1 nm
Números mágicos
e super átomosNúmero de electrões de valência,2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 72,...,
2(L+1)2
é o número que preenche
completamente as orbitais
atómicass, p, d, f
Au: 6f1, 4f14, 5d10
Egípto ou Síria,cerca de 1285;
->Usadas desde o sec. IX
-> revestimento de cerâmicas
->Mesopotamia
-> efeiro metálico
Nanopartículas
Espanha,
cerca de 1
475;
-> sais de cobre e prata
1985, fullerenos
Harol Kroto,Robert Curl, Richard Smalley
1981, STM
Gerd Binnig
Heirich Roh
er
Anos 80
1986, AFMCalvin F. Quate,Christoph Gerber
construç
ão átomo
a átomo
ou moléc
ula a mo
lécula síntese químicaautoconstrução
montagem posicional
Com ajuda de
campos eléc
tricos ou
magnéticos,
e controlo d
os
parâmetros a
mbientais
STM
deposição
substrato
-> MBE-> CVD-> ...
Ou semi-conductor-> metálico
->várias paredes
-> tão duro como o diamante
0.14 nm
-> diametro: desde 1nm
-> até alguns microns
Ligação covalente
Laser: Nd:YAGAlvo de grafite + metal
Atmosfera de Argon
Forno a 1200 C
Ablação Laser
Colector refrigrado
computin
g machin
es are v
ery
large; t
hey fill
rooms.
the wires should be 10 or 100 atoms in diameter
The electron microscope
is not quite good enough
Encyclopae
dia
Brittanica
on the
head of a pi
n
we can arrange the atoms the way we want; the very atoms, all the way down
Polymer solutio
ns and solids that contain
light-sensit
ive molecule
s can undergo
photo-
contraction,
whereby light
energy is
converted into mechani
cal energy. Here we
show that a
single film
of a liquid-c
rystal
network conta
ining an azo
benzene chrom
ophore
can be repea
tedly and pr
ecisely bent
along
any chosen directi
on by using linearl
y
polarized ligh
t.
Moléculas foto-sensíveisLuz -> E. mecânica
Dobram uma película
Designing Carbon Nanotube Membranes for Efficient Water
Desalination
The carbon nanotubes used by the researchers are sheets of carbon atoms rolled so tightly that only seven water molecules can fit across their diameter. Their small size makes them good candidates for separating molecules. And, despite their diminutive dimensions, these nanopores allow water to flow at the same rate as pores considerably larger, reducing the amount of pressure needed to force water through, and potentially saving energy and costs compared to reverse osmosis using conventional membranes.
7 moléculas de água
Água flui rapidamentePoupa energia
Dessalinização
O aquecimento dos nanotubos leva à destruição das células cancerosas
A absorção
de rádio
frequênc
ias por te
cidos vivo
s
é muito pe
quena.
In this
study, w
e introd
uce a ro
ute
for prep
aring Pt
(IV) com
plexes
containi
ng both
a cell r
eceptor
targetin
g moiety
and a d
elivery
system.
In parti
cular, w
e establ
ished
that 1,
containi
ng a fol
ic acid
derivati
ve as on
e of its
axial
ligands,
specifi
cally ta
rgets fo
late
receptor
-enriche
d tumor
cells.
Compound
1 has s
ignifica
ntly enh
anced
cell-kil
ling pro
perties
when
conjugat
ed to SW
NTs, whi
ch facil
itate
its deli
very via
endocyt
osis.
-> Complexos de Pt
-> tem como alvo receptores celulares
-> especialmente preparados para células
cancerosas
-> composto + NANOTUBOS
Well functionalized
nanotubes circulate in
the
blood with half-lives
on the order of a few
hours. os nanotubos circulam no
Ácido fólico
Medicamento contra o cancro
sangue durante várias horas
Este novo dispositivo armazena e apaga informação em
apenas 100 nanosegundos
Nanotubos serão
usados nas
memórias flash
Each tub
e is lai
d flat o
n a sili
con wafe
r and at
tached
to two e
lectrode
s that r
un an el
ectric c
urrent a
long its
length.
A third,
"gate",
electro
de is se
parated
from the
tiny tub
e by a t
hin insu
lating l
ayer and
is used
to
write th
e data.
To do th
is, the
gate let
s pass a
quick b
urst of
electric
ity whic
h causes
a lasti
ng build
-up of c
harge to
be creat
ed in a
layer of
insulat
ing mate
rial bet
ween the
electrod
e and th
e nanotu
be.
The char
ge, sign
alling a
digital
1, can
be detec
ted
because
it alter
s the cu
rrent pa
ssing be
tween th
e other
two elec
trodes.
Writing
a 0 requ
ires sen
ding a s
econd
pulse vi
a the ga
te elect
rode to
wipe out
the sto
red
charge.
That cha
rge will
persist
for lon
g period
s – enou
gh for
the memo
ry to be
maintai
ned when
a devic
e is swi
tched
off, in
the same
way as
flash me
mory dev
ices suc
h as USB
sticks o
r flash
cards in
cellpho
nes and
cameras.
Substrato de silício
Camada isolante
2 eléctrodos
Isolante fica carregado1 ou 0
A carga (informação) mantem-se