Wave power patent

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    ( 1 2 )Uni ted S t a t e s Patent

    US007371136B2

    ( 1 0 )P a t e n t N 0 . : US 7 , 3 7 1 , 1 3 6 B 2Hine e t a l . ( 4 5 )Date o f P a t e n t : May 3 , 2008

    ( 5 4 ) WAVE POWER 1 , 3 1 6 , 2 6 7 A 9 / 1 9 1 9 W h i t e2 , 5 2 0 , 8 0 4 A 8 / 1 9 5 0 H o l l a r

    I n v e n t o r s : Roger ( ; I Hine Menlo P a r k 3 , 3 1 2 , 1 8 6 A 4 / 1 9 6 7 L i t s h e i m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 1 1 5 / 4

    Derek L _ H i n e , Ponola Va l l e y CA 3 , 4 5 3 , 9 8 1 A 7 / 1 9 6 9 G a u s e 4 4 0 / 9(Us) ; Joseph D - R i z z i LO S A l t o s CA 3 , 5 0 8 , 5 1 6 A 4 / 1 9 7 0 Root . . . .. . 1 1 5 / 4(Us) K tA F K. S J CA 3 , 8 4 5 , 7 3 3 A 1 1 / 1 9 7 4 Jackman . . 1 1 5 / 2 8

    f r ' ' 650W an o s e 3,872,819 A * 3/1975 Pickens . . . . . . . . 440/9

    ( U s ) , Rob? Burcham, Anchorage 3 , 9 2 8 , 9 6 7 A 1 2 / 1 9 7 5 S a l t e r. . . . . .. . . 6 0 / 3 9 8AK U s ) ; Wllllam A - S t l l t l ,San J o s e , 4 , 3 3 2 , 5 7 1 A * 6 / 1 9 8 2 J a k o b s e n 4 4 0 / 9CA US ) 4 , 3 7 1 , 3 4 7 A * 2 / 1 9 8 3 J a k o b s e n 4 4 0 / 9

    4 , 3 8 9 , 8 4 3 A 6 / 1 9 8 3 L a m b er t i 6 0 / 5 0 7( 7 3 ) A s s i g n e e : Liquid Robotics I n c . , San J o s e , CA 4 , 5 9 8 , 5 4 7 A 7 / 1 9 8 6 D a n i h e l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 6 0 / 5 0 7

    US( ) ( C o n t i n u e d )

    ( * ) N o t i c e : S u b j e c t t o an y d i s c l a i m e r , t h e t e r m o f h i s FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTSp a t e n t i s e x t e n d e d o r a d j u s t e d u n d e r 3 5U . S . C . 1 5 4 ( b ) by 0 d a y s . W0 WO 7 / 0 4 4 0 1 7 / 1 9 8 7

    ( 2 1 ) A p p l . N o . :11 / 4 3 6 , 4 4 7 ( C O n I i n u e d )

    ( 2 2 ) F i l e d : Ma y 8 , 2 0 0 6 OTHER PUBLICATIONSA r t i c l e b y Luc R a i n v i l l e e n t i t l e d W i r e w a l k e r : A n Autonomous

    ( 6 5 ) P l i O l P u b l i c a t i o n Data W a v e p o w e r e dVe r t ic a l P r o ? l e r ,A u g . 1 9 ,2 0 0 1 .

    US 0 0 7 / 0 1 7 3 1 4 1A 1 J u l .2 6 , 2007 Primary ExamineriLars A . O l s o n( 7 4 ) A t t o r n e y, A g e n t , o r FirmiT. H . P . R i c h a r d s o n

    R e l a t e d U S. A p p l i c a t i o nData

    ( 6 0 ) P r o v i s i o n a l a p p l i c a t i o n N o . 6 0 / 7 6 0 , 8 9 3 ,? l e d o n J a n . ( 5 7 ) ABSTRACT

    2 0 2 0 0 6 ' A ave-powered Wa t e r v e h i c l e i n c l u d e s a s u r f a c e ? o a t , a( 5 1 ) In t C L submerged sWimmer, a n d a t e t h e r Which c o n n e c t s t h e ? o a t

    B63H 9 / 0 2 (200601) and t h e sWimmer, s o t h a t t h e s Wi m m e r moves up an d doWn( 5 2 ) U Cl 4 4 0 / 9 _ 114/293 a s a r e s u l t of Wa v e motion. Th e s Wi m m e r i n c l u d e s on e o r

    5 8 F , I ' d "" "" " " " " " " 4406 more ?n s Which i n t e r a c t Wi t h th e Wa t e r as th e sWimmer

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    ee a p p l e a Io n e or Comp 6 e S e a m 1 50 1 y c a n carry c o m m u n i c a t i o n a n d control e q u i p m e n t so t h a t i t

    ( 5 6 ) References Cited can f o l l o Wa c o u r s e d i r e c t e d b y s i g n a l s s e n t t o i t , and s o t h a t

    US. PATENT DOCUMENTS

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    6 , 5 6 1 , 8 5 6 B1 5 / 2 0 0 3 Gorshkov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 4 4 0 / 9

    2 0 0 3 / 0 2 2 0 0 2 7 A1 11 /2003 Gorshkov . 4 4 0 / 92004/0102107 A1 5 / 2 0 0 4 Gorshkov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4 0 / 9

    FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS

    W0 WO 4/10029 1 1 / 1 9 9 4

    * c i t e d by examiner

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    WAVE POWER

    CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATEDAPPLICATIONS

    T h i s a p p l i c a t i o nc l a i m s p r i o r i t yf r o mp r o v i s i o n a l p a t e n ta p p l i c a t i o n N o . 6 0 / 7 6 0 , 8 9 3 ,? l e d J a n . 2 0 ,2 0 0 6 , t h e e n t i r ed i s c l o s u r e o f W h i c hi s i n c o r p o r a t e d h e r e inb y r e f e r e n c e f o ra l l p u r p o s e s .

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

    T h i s i n v e n t i o n r e l a t e s t o t h e u t i l i z a t i o n of t h e poWer ofWaves i n Wa t e r ( h e r e i n a f t e r Wave p o We r ) .

    A s a Wa v e t r a v e l s a l o n g t h e s u r f a c e o f Wa t e r , i t p r o d u c e sv e r t i c a l m o t i o n , b u t no n e t h o r i z o n t a l m o t i o n , of a t e r . Th ea m p l i t u d e o f t h e v e r t i c a lm o t i o n d e c r e a s e s l o g a r i t h m i c a l l yW i t h d e p t h ; a t a d e p t h o f a b o u t h a l f t h e Wa v e l e n g t h , t h e r ei s l i t t l ev e r t i c a lm o t i o n . The s p e e d o f c u r r e n t s i n d u c e dbyWind a l s o d e c r e a s e s s h a r p l y W i t h d e p t h . A umber o f p r op o s a l s have been m a d e t o u t i l i z e Wa v e motion t o do u s e f u lW o r k . R e f e r e n c em a y b e m a d e , f o r e x a m p l e , t o Us . P a t .

    N o s . 9 8 6 , 6 2 7 , 1 , 3 1 5 , 2 6 7 ,3 , 3 1 2 , 1 8 6 , 3 , 4 5 3 , 9 8 1 , 3 , 5 0 8 , 5 1 6 ,3 , 8 4 5 , 7 3 3 , 3 , 8 7 2 , 8 1 9 , 3 , 9 2 8 , 9 6 7 , 4 , 3 3 2 , 5 7 1 , 4 , 3 7 1 , 3 4 7 ,4 , 3 8 9 , 8 4 3 , 4 , 5 9 8 , 5 4 7 ,4 , 6 8 4 , 3 5 0 ,4 , 8 4 2 , 5 6 0 , 4 , 9 6 8 , 2 7 3 ,5 , 0 8 4 , 6 3 0 a n d 6 , 5 6 1 , 8 5 6 . The e n t i r e d i s c l o s u r e o f e a c h o ft h o s e p a t e n t s i s i n c o r p o r a t e d h e r e i nb y r e f e r e n c e f o r a l lp u r p o s e s .

    SUMMARY OF INVENTION

    I n a c c o r d a n c e W i t ht h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n , W e h a v e d i scovered a Wide v a r i e t y of Wa y s i n Which Wa v e poWer ca n beu t i l i z e d ,i n c l u d i n gn o v e l Wa t e rv e h i c l e s ,n o v e l c o m p o n e n t sWhich a r e u s e f u l f o r Wave-poWered Wa t e r v e h i c l e s an d f o ro t h e r p u r p o s e s , a n d n o v e l m e t h o d su s i n g Wa v e - p o We r e dWa t e r v e h i c l e s . I n p r e f e r r e d e m b o d i m e n t s ,t h e i n v e n t i o nmakes t p o s s i b l e f o r an unmanned Water v e h i c l e t o c a r r y o u tt a s k s Which W ould b e t e d i o u s , e x p e n s i v e o r d a n g e r o u s toc a r r y o u t u s i n g a v e h i c l e o p e r a t e d b y human b e i n g s .

    I n a ? r s t p r e f e r r e d a s p e c t , t h i s i n v e n t i o n p r o v i d e s aWa v e - p o We r e dd e v i c e W h i c hc o m p r i s e s

    ( 1 )a ? o a t ,( 2 )a s W i m m e r ,a n d( 3 )a t e t h e r c o n n e c t i n gt h e ? o a t a n d t h e s W i m m e r ;

    t h e ? o a t , sWimmer a n d t e t h e rb e i n g s u c h t h a t ,When t h ev e h i c l e i s i n s t i l l Wa t e r ,

    ( i ) t h e ?oat i s on o r n e a r t h e s u r f a c e of t h e Wa t e r ,( i i )t h e sWimmer s s u b m e r g e d b e l o Wt h e ? o a t ,a n d( i i i )t h e t e t h e ri s u n d e r t e n s i o n ;

    t h e sWimmer c o m p r i s i n g( 2 a )a sWimmer b o d y h a v i n g a l o n g i t u d i n a l a x i s ,a n d( 2 b ) a ?n s y s t e mWhich( a )i s s e c u r e d t o t h e b o d y ,( b )c o m p r i s e sa ? n , a n d( c ) When t h e d e v i c e i s i n Wa t e r h a v i n gWaves moving

    a c r o s s t h e s u r f a c e of t h e Water ( h e r e i n a f t e r Wa v eb e a r i n gWa t e r ) ,( i ) h a s a c o n ? g u r a t i o nWhich c h a n g e s a s a r e s u l t o f t h e

    Wa v e m o t i o n , an d( i i ) i n t e r a c t s W i t h t h e Wa t e r t o g e n e r a t e f o r c e s Which

    tend t o move h e s Wi m m e r i n a d i r e c t i o n having ah o r i z o n t a l c o m p o n e n t( h e r e i n a f t e rr e f e r r e d t o s i m p l ya s i n a h o r i z o n t a l d i r e c t i o n ) .

    Th e term ?n i s used h e r e i n t o d e n o t e a componentc o m p r i s i n ga g e n e r a l l y l a m i n a r s u r f a c e a g a i n s t W h i c h ,When

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    2t h e d e v i c e moves r e l a t i v e t o Water i n Which t h e d e v i c e i sp o s i t i o n e d , t h e Wa t e r e x e r t s p r e s s u r e s u f f i c i e n t t o s u b s t a nt i a l l yi n ? u e n c et h e movement o f t h e d e v i c e . The l o n g i t ud i n a l a x i s o f t h e sWimmerbody i e si n t h e g e n e r a l l y v e r t i c a lp l a n e a l o n g Which t h e s Wi m m e r moves When t h e d e v i c e i si n Wa v e - b e a r i n gWate r. U s u a l l y, b u t n o t n e c e s s a r i l y ,t h ed i m e n s i o no f t h e sWimmer b o d ym e a s u r e da l o n g t h e l o n g it u d i n a l a x i s W i l lb e s u b s t a n t i a l l y g r e a t e r t h a n t h e d i m e n s i o no f t h e s Wi m m e r body m e a s u r e dt r a n s v e r s e t o t h e l o n g i t u d in a l a x i s .

    Th e device p r e f e r a b l y ha s a t l e a s t one of i . e . on e o r moreo f )t h ef o l l o W i n gc h a r a c t e r i s t i c s

    ( A ) t h e ?n s y s t e m c o m p r i s e sa ? n , f o re x a m p l ea g e n e r a l l yl a m i n a r ? n , Which o t a t e s a b o u t a n a x i s o f r o t a t i o n ( e ga n a x i s o f r o t a t i o n g e n e r a l l y t r a n s v e r s e t o t h e l o n g i t ud i n a l a x i s o f t h e s Wi m m e r b o d y ) , t h e a x i s o f r o t a t i o nh a v i n g a s p a t i a lr e l a t i o n s h i pt o t h e sWimmer b o d yW h i c hc h a n g e s When t h e d e v i c e i s i n Wa v e - b e a r i n gWa t e r ;

    ( B ) t h e ?n s y s t e m c o m p r i s e s ( i ) a ? n , f o r e x a m p l eag e n e r a l l y l a m i n a r ? n , Which r o t a t e s a b o u t an a x i s o fr o t a t i o n ( e g an a x i s o f r o t a t i o n g e n e r a l l y t r a n s v e r s e t o

    t h e l o n g i t u d i n a l a x i s o f t h e sWimmer o d y ) , a n d i i )a ne l a s t i ccomponent ( eg a m e t a l c o i ls p r i n g , a m e t a l l e a fs p r i n g , a metal t o r s i o n b a r , o r an e l a s t o m e r i c c o m p onent such a s a n a t u r a l o r a r t i ? c i a l rubber band ) Whichi s n o t p a r t o f t h e ? n , a n d Which d e f o r m se l a s t i c a l l ya n dt h u s i n ? u e n c e sc h a n g e s i n t h e c o n ? g u r a t i o no f t h e ?ns y s t e mWhen t h e d e v i c e i s i n Wa v e - b e a r i n gWa t e r ;

    ( C ) t h e ?n s y s t e m c o m p r i s e sa ? n , f o r e x a m p l ea g e n e r a l l yl a m i n a ra n d e l a s t i c a l l yd e f o r m a b l e? n , h a v i n ga l e a d i n ge d g e W h i c hc o m p r i s e s ( i ) a r e l a t i v e l y r i g i dc e n t r a ls e c t i o n Which h a s a ?xed s p a t i a lr e l a t i o n s h i p W i t h t h esWimmer b o d y ( i n c l u d i n gt h e p o s s i b i l i t yt h a tt h e c e nt r a l s e c t i o n r o t a t e s about an a x i s of r o t a t i o n having a? x e d s p a t i a lr e l a t i o n s h i pW i t h t h e sWimmerb o d y ) , a n d( i i )r e l a t i v e l yd e f o r m a b l eo u t b o a r ds e c t i o n s ;

    ( D ) t h e? n s y s t e m c o m p r i s e st W og e n e r a l l y l a m i n a r ? n s ,f o r e x a m p l e t Wog e n e r a l l y l a m i n a r a n d e l a s t i c a l l yd e f o r m a b l e? n s Which a r e m i r r o r i m a g e s o f e a c h o t h e r,and each of Which r o t a t e s a b o u t an a x i s of r o t a t i o ng e n e r a l l y a l i g n e d W i t h t h e l o n g i t u d i n a la x i so f t h es Wi m m e r body ( s u c h ?ns o p e r a t e i n a manner s i m i l a r t ot h e p e c t o r a l ?n s on a ?s h o r t h e Wings on a b i r d , a nd a r er e f e r r e d t o h e r e i n a s p e c t o r a l ? n s ) ;

    ( E ) t h e t e t h e r c o m p r i s e sa n e l a s t i c a l l yd e f o r m a b l ememb e r ;

    ( F ) t h e t e t he r c o m p r i s e s a component Which t r a n s m i t sd a t a a n d / o r e l e c t r i c a l p o W e r ;

    ( G ) t h e sWimmer b o d y h a s a s u b s t a n t i a l l yr i g i df o r es e c t i o n , a m i d s e c t i o nWhich s r e l a t i v e l y ? e x i b l e i n t h ev e r t i c a lp l a n e , a n d a s u b s t a n t i a l l y r i g i da f ts e c t i o n ,t h et e t h e rb e i n g a t t a c h e d , f o re x a m p l e , t o t h e f o r e s e c t i o n ,a n d t h e ?n s y s t e m b e i n ga t t a c h e d , f o r e x a m p l e , t o t h ef o r e s e c t i o n ;

    ( H ) t h e s Wi m m e r body c o m p r i s e sone o r more compon e n t s s e l e c t e d from e l e c t r i c a le q u i p m e n t ,communicat i o n se q u i p m e n t , r e c o r d i n g e q u i p m e n t , c o n t r o l e l e ct r o n i c s ,s t e e r i n ge q u i p m e n t ,a n d s e n s o r s ;

    ( I ) t h e s Wi m m e r c o m p r i s e s a ?n Which i n ? u e n c e s t h eo r i e n t a t i o n o f t h e sWimmerbody n t h e h o r i z o n t a l p l a n eW h e n t h e d e v i c e i s i n t h e W a v e - b e a r i n gw a t e r , eg oneo r more ?ns W h i c h a r e s u b s t a n t i a l l y v e r t i c a l When h ed e v i c e i s i n s t i l lWa t e r , f o r example one o r more such? n s s e c u r e d t o , o r b e i n g a n i n t e g r a l p a r t o f , t h e s Wi mmer b o d y ; f o r e x a m p l e , a p a r t o f t h e s Wi m m e r bodyc o u l d have a r e l a t i v e l y s m a l l h o r i z o n t a l dimension an d

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    U S 7 , 3 7 1 , 1 3 6 B23

    a r e l a t i v e l yl a r g ev e r t i c a ld i m e n s i o n ;f o re x a m p l e , s u c ha p a r t , i ft f o r m e dt h e t r a i l i n ge n d o f t h e s w i m m e r bodyc o u l d b e a c t u a t e d t o s t e e r t h e swimmer;

    ( J ) t h e device i s a Water v e h i c l e Which m o v e s i n ah o r i z o n t a l d i r e c t i o n When h e d e v i c ei s i n Wa v e - b e a r i n gWa t e r ;

    ( K ) t h e sWimmer body c o m p r i s e sa c e n t r a lt u b u l a r h o u si n g a n d Wa v e - a c t u a t e dp r o p u l s i o n ? n s e x t e n d e i t h e rs i d eo f t h e b o d yt u b e ;

    ( L ) t he sWimmer b o d y c o m p r i s e s a g e n e r a l l y t u b u l a rhousing and v e r t i c a l ?n s u r f a c e s a t o r n e a r both t h el e a d i n g e n d a n d t h e t r a i l i n ge n d o f t h e sWimmerb o d y ;on e o r both of such v e r t i c a l ?n s u r f a c e s ca n o p t i o n a l l yb e a c t u a t e d t o s t e e rt h e v e h i c l e ; p r e f e r a b l y th e t r a i l i n g?n ca n be a c t u a t e d t o s t e e r t h e sWimmer, and t h el e a d i n g ?n s ? x e d ; t h e t W o? n s h e l p t o b a l a n c et h e d r a gf o r c e s and t o l i m i t r o t a t i o n o f t h e s Wi m m e r W h e n t i sp u l l e ds i d e Wa y sb y t h et e t h e r .

    When e f e r e n c e i s m a d e h e r e i n t o a ?n o r o t h e r c o m p onent W h i c h r o t a t e s about a n a x i s of r o t a t i o n , or t o a comp o n e n tWhich s r o t a t a b l y mounted o r s e c u r e d , t h i si n c l u d e s

    n o t o n l y t h e p o s s i b i l i t y t h a t t h e r o t a t i o n i s a b o u t a s i n g l ea x i s ,b u t a l s o t h e p o s s i b i l i t y t h a tt h e r o t a t i o n r e s u l t sf r o mr o t a t i o n a b o u t tW o o r more a d j a c e n t a x e s (Which m a y e , b u tn e e d n o t b e ,p a r a l l e l t oe a c h o t h e r ) ,a n d t h e p o s s i b i l i t y t h a tt h e r o t a t i o n i n v o l v e s a c o n t i n u o u s r e l a t i v e motion o f a d j ac e n t p a r t sof t h e ?n o r o t h e r component, a s f o r exampleW h e n one p a r t of a ? e x i b l e ?n i s ?xed and t h e r e s t of t h e? e x i b l e ?n moves r e l a t i v e t o ( i . e . r o t a t e s a b o u t ) t h e ?xedp a r t .

    O t h e r n o v e l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c sW h i c ha r e o p t i o n a l l y p r e s e n ta r e described beloW.

    A e v i c e h a v i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s( A ) a n d ( B ) c a n f o re x a m p l e i n c l u d e ( i ) a g e n e r a l l y l a m i n a r ?n W h i c h i sm o u n t e d , o p t i o n a l l yr o t a t a b l ym o u n t e d , d i r e c t l yo r i n d ir e c t l y o n a r i g i d b a r Which s m o u n t e d ,o p t i o n a l l y r o t a t i o n

    a l l ym o u n t e d ,o n t h e sWimmer o d y , a n d i i )a s p r i n g a n d / o ra t o r s i o n b a r Which s d i r e c t l y o r i n d i r e c t l y c o n n e c t e dto t h e?n a n d / o rt o t h e r i g i db a r a n d W h i c hi n ? u e n c e s( a )t h e s p e e da n d / o r t h e e x t e n t o f t h e r o t a t i o n o f t h e ?n a n d / o r t h e r i g i db a r ,a n d / o r ( b )t h es p a t i a lr e l a t i o n s h i pb e t We e nt h esWimmerbody a n d t h e a x i s o f r o t a t i o n ,d u r i n g p a r t o r a l l o f t h ec h a n g e si n c o n ? g u r a t i o n o ft h es y s t e m .

    A e v i c e h a v i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c( C ) c a n f o r e x a m p l eh a v ea ?n s y s t e m Which c o m p r i s e s a g e n e r a l l y l a m i n a r ande l a s t i c a l l yd e f o r m a b l e?n ( s u c h a ? n o p t i o n a l l y b e i n g t h es o l e e l a s t i c component, o r one of a p l u r a l i t y of e l a s t i cc o m p o n e n t s , o ft h e ?n s y s t e m ) , t h e ?n a v i n g a l e a d i n ge d g eW h i c hc o m p r i s e s( i )a r e l a t i v e l y r i g i d c e n t r a ls e c t i o n W h i c hr o t a t e s a b o u t an a x i s of o t a t i o n ge n e r a l l y t r a n s v e r s e t o t h el o n g i t u d i n a la x i so f t h esWimmer b o d y , a n d ( i i )r e l a t i v e l yd e f o r m a b l eo u t b o a r d s e c t i o n s ( f o rexample a ?n h a v i n g as We p tb a c k ,e . g .g e n e r a l l yV - s h a p e d ,l e a d i n ge d g e ) .

    I n a s e c o n d p r e f e r r e d a s p e c t , t h i s i n v e n t i o n p r o v i d e s aWa v e - p o We r e dWa t e r v e h i c l e W h i c hc o m p r i s e s

    ( 1 )a ? o a t ,( 2 )a s W i m m e r ,( 3 )a t e t h e r c o n n e c t i n gt h e ? o a t a n d t h e s W i m m e r ,a n d( 4 )a c o m p u t e rs y s t e m ;

    th e ? o a t , sWimmer a n d t e t h e rb e i n g s u c h t h a t ,When t h ev e h i c l e i s i n s t i l l Wa t e r ,

    ( i ) t h e ?oat i s on o r n e a r t h e s u r f a c e of t h e Wa t e r ,

    ( i i )t h e sWimmer s s u b m e r g e d b e l o Wt h e ? o a t ,a n d( i i i )t h e t e t h e ri s u n d e r t e n s i o n ;

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    4t h e s W i m m e r ,When t h e v e h i c l e i s i n Wa v e - b e a r i n gWa t e r ,i n t e r a c t i n g W i t h t h e Wa t e r t o g e n e r a t e f o r c e s Which m o v e t h ev e h i c l e i n a h o r i z o n t a l d i r e c t i o n ;

    t h e ? o a t c o m p r i s i n ga s a t e l l i t e - r e f e r e n c e d p o s i t i o n s e n s o r ;

    t h e s Wi m m e r comprising a ) a s e n s o r Which s e n s e s d i r e c t i o n

    i n a h o r i z o n t a l p l a n e , a n d ( b )a s t e e r i n g a c t u a t o r ; an dt h e c o m p u t e rs y s t e m ( a )b e i n g l i n k e d t o t h e p o s i t i o n s e n s o r ,t h e h o r i z o n t a l s e n s o r an d t h e r u d d e r , an d b ) c o n t a i n i n g , o rb e i n g p r o g r a m m a b l et o c o n t a i n , i n s t r u c t i o n s t o c o n t r o l t h es t e e r i n g a c t u a t o r i n r e s p o n s e t o s i g n a l s r e c e i v e d f r o m t h ep o s i t i o n s e n s o r and t h e h o r i z o n t a l s e n s o r , o r i n response t os i g n a l s r e c e i v e d from a s e n s o r on t h e v e h i c l e . I n t h e Waterv e h i c l e s o f t h e s e c o n da s p e c t o f t h e i n v e n t i o n , t h e s Wi m m e rp r e f e r a b l y c o m p r i s e sa body a n d a ?n s y s t e m a c c o r d i n gt ot h e ? r s t a s p e c t o f t h e i n v e n t i o n , b u t c a n c o m p r i s ea d i f f e r e n tm e a n s f o r g e n e r a t i n g f o r c e s Which move t h e v e h i c l e i n ah o r i z o n t a l d i r e c t i o n .

    The i n v e n t i o n Wi l l b e c h i e ? y d e s c r i b e d by r e f e r e n c e t oWa t e r v e h i c l e s i n Which a t l e a s t p a r t o f t h e u s e f u l poWerg e n e r a t e d by t h e movement o f t h e s Wi m m e r s u s e d t o m o v et h e v e h i c l e i n a h o r i z o n t a l d i r e c t io n ( t h e r e m a i n d e r o ft h a tp o W e r , i f a n y, b e i n g c o n v e r t e d i n t o o t h e r u se f u l f o r m s , o rWa s t e d ) .H o We v e r ,t h e i n v e n t i o n i n c l u d e s t h e p o s s i b i l i t y t h a tnone o f t h e poWer g e n e r a t e d by t h e movement o f t h es Wi m m e r s s o u s e d , i . e .a l lt h a t poWer s c o n v e r t e di n t o o t h e ru s e f u l forms o r i s W a s t e d , a s f o r example W h e n t h e ? o a t o rt h e s Wi m m e r s h e l d i n a ?xed l o c a t i o n , eg y an anchor o ro t h e r a t t a c h m e n t .

    I f t h e ? o a t i s a l s omoved b y o t h e r f o r c e s ( f o re x a m p l e b yW i n d , Wa t e rc u r r e n t s o r a c o n v e n t i o n a l p r o p u l s i o n s y s t e m )t h e movement o f t h e sWimmer m o d i ? e s( f o re x a m p l ea c c e le r a t e s o r d e c e l e r a t e s a n d / o r c h a n g e s t h e d i r e c t i o n o f ) t h em o v e m e n t of t h e ? o a t .

    Th e Wa t e r v e h i c l e s o f t h e i n v e n t i o n o f t e n c o m p r i s e as i n g l e ? o a t a n d a s i n g l e s W i m m e r ,a n d t h e i n v e n t i o nWi l l b ec h i e ? y d e s c r i b e d W i t h r e f e r e n c e to s u c h Wa t e r v e h i c l e s .H o W e v e r ,t h e i n v e n t i o n i n c l u d e s th e p o s s i b i l i t y t h a tt h e r e i smore than one ? o a t , and/or more than one sWimmer, f o re x a m p l ea s i n g l e ? o a t a t t a c h e d t o a p l u r a l i t y o f s W i m m e r s ,t h es W i m m e r sp r e f e r a b l yb e i n g a x i a l l ya l i g n e d ,b y a p l u r a li t y o f t e t h e r s .

    F o r a n y p a r t i c u l a r Wa t e r v e h i c l e o f t h e i n v e n t i o n , t h ein?uence of h e s Wi m m e r on t h e m o v e m e n t of h e ? o a t W i l ldepend on t h e s i z e an d f r e q u e n c yo f Wa v e s . Th e movemento f t h e ? o a t Wi l l a l s o depend f o r example on e n v i r o n m e n t a lc o n d i t i o n s such a s Water c u r r e n t s an d W i n d , an d any o t h e rp r o p u l s i o n o r s t e e r i n g s y s t e m o p e r a t i n g on t h e ? o a t . I ns u i t a b l e c o n d i t i o n s , t h e s Wi m m e r Wi l l m o v e t h e v e h i c l ef o r W a r da t a s p e e d Which s s a t i s f a c t o r y f o r m a n y p u r p o s e s ,W i t h o u t a n y o t h e r p r o p u l s i o n s y s t e m ( t h o u g h i t ma y b ed e s i r a b l e t o us e another poWer source t o o p e r a t e a s t e e r i n gs y s t e m ) . I n p r e f e r r ede m b o d i m e n t s ,t h ev e h i c l e i s e q u i p p e dW i t h c o n t r o l a n d s t e e r i n g s y s t e m s Which e n a b l e i t t o b eremotely c o n t r o l l e d i n a d e s i r e d Way, f o r example s o a s t om o v e i n a c l o s e d p a t t e r n around a d e s i r e d ?xed l o c a t i o n ,a n d / o rt o f o l l o Wa d e s i r e d p a t h betWeen tWo l o c a t i o n s , Whichm a y be m a n y m i l e s a p a r t , a n d / r t o t r a v e r s e s l o W l yback an df o r t h over a n a r e a of t h e ocean i n order t o gather a Widev a r i e t yo f d a t a .

    I n a t h i r d p r e f e r r e d a s p e c t , t h i s i n v e n t i o n p r o v i d e s amethod o f u t i l i z i n g Wave poWer Which c o m p r i s e sp l a c i n g ad e v i c e a c c o r d i n gt o t h e ? r s t o r s e c o n dp r e f e r r e d a s p e c t o f t h ei n v e n t i o ni n a body of a t e r Which h a s o r Which s e x p e c t e dt o have Water Wa v e s t r a v e l i n g a c r o s s i t s s u r f a c e .

  • 7/27/2019 Wave power patent

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    I n a f o u r t h p r e f e r r e d a s p e c t , t h i s i n v e n t i o n p r o v i d e s am e t h o do f o b t a i n i n g i n f o r m a t i o nW h i c hc o m p r i s e sr e c e i v i n gs i g n a l s from a d e v i c e a c c o r d i n g t o t h e ? r s t o r secondp r e f e r r e d a s p e c t o f t h e i n v e n t i o n .

    I n a ? f t h p r e f e r r e d a s p e c t , t h i s i n v e n t i o n p r o v i d e s am e t h o do f o b t a i n i n g i n f o r m a t i o nW h i c hc o m p r i s e se x a m i ni n g s i g n a l s r e c o r d e dby a d e v i c e ac c o r d i n gto t h e ? r s t o rs e c o n d p r e f e r r e d a s p e c t o f t h e i n v e n t i o n .

    I n a s i x t h p r e f e r r e d a s p e c t , t h i s i n v e n t i o n p r o v i d e s amethod f o r c o n t r o l l i n g a f u n c t i o n of a d e v i c e a c c o r d i n gt ot h e ? r s t o r s e c o n d p r e f e r r e d a s p e c t o f t h e i n v e n t i o n , t h em e t h o dc o m p r i s i n gs e n d i n g s i g n a l st o t h e d e v i c e .

    I n a s e v e n t h p r e f e r r e d a s p e c t , t h i s i n v e n t i o n p r o v i d e sn o v e l ? o a t s s u i t a b l e f o r u s e i n t h e ? r s t o r second p r e f e r r e da s p e c t o f t h e i n v e n t i o n an d f o r o t h e r p u r p o s e s ; n o v e l s Wi mmers s u i t a b l e f o r u s e i n t h e ? r s t o r second p r e f e r r e d a s p e c to f t h e i n v e n t i o n an d f o r o t h e r p u r p o s es ; n o v e l ?n s y s t e m ss u i t a b l e f o r u s e i n t h e ? r s t o r second p r e f e r r e d a s p e c t of h ei n v e n t i o nand f o r o t h e r p u r p o s e s ; an d n o v e l ? n s s u i t a b l e f o ru s e i n t h e ? r s t an d s e c o n dp r e f e r r e d a s p e c t s o f t h e i n v e n t i o nan d f o r o t h e r p u r p o s e s .

    I n a n e i g h t h p r e f e r r e d a s p e c t ,t h i si n v e n t i o np r o v i d e sk i t sof a r t s c o m p r i s i n gtW o o r more of h e components neededto assemble a d e v i c e according to t h e ? r s t o r second p r ef e r r e d a s p e c t o f t h e i n v e n t i o n .

    Other n o v e l f e a t u r e s a r e d i s c l o s e d i n t h e D e t a i l e dD e s c r i p t i o nb e l o Wa n d t h e a t t a c h e d D r a W i n g s ,a n d f o r mp a r to f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n .

    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

    The i n v e n t i o n i s i l l u s t r a t e db y t h e a c c o m p a n y i n gd r a Wi n g s ,Which a r e d i a g r a m m a t i can d n o t t o s c a l e ,an d i n Which

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    e m b o d i m e n t s ,FIG. 4 i s a c r o s s - s e c t i o n of a t e t h e r ,F I G . 5 i s a block diagram of a c o n t r o l s y s t e m ,F I G . 6 shoWs a p a t h f o r a s t a t i o n - k e e p i n g Wa t e r v e h i c l e ,F I G . 7 i s a p e r s p e c t i v e vieW of a Water v e h i c l e ,F I G . 8 shows d i f f e r e n t c o n ? g u r a t i o n so f a ?n i n F I G . 7 ,F I G . 9 i s a p e r s p e c t i v e vieW o f a W a t e r v e h i c l e , an d F I G .

    1 0 i s a n e n l a r g e d p e r s p e c t i v e v i e Wo f p a r t o f F I G . 9 ,F I G S .11Ato 1 1D show i f f e r e n t c o n ? g u r a t i o n so f t h e ? n s

    i n F I G . 9 ,FIGS. 1 2 - 1 9 an d 2 1 a r e s i d e vieWs o f W a t e r v e h i c l e s , and

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    Wa t e r v e h i c l e h a v i n g a ? e x i b l e b o d y , an dFIGS. 23-25 a r e p e r s p e c t i v e vieWs of Water v e h i c l e s .

    I n some F i g u r e s t h e s h a p e o f t h e ?n s y s t e m i s n o tn u m b e r e d .I n o t h e r s , t h e ?n s y s t e m i s numbered , 1 , 2 , 3 o r4 . I f t h e c o n ? g u r a t i o ni s numbered 0 , i t i s t h e c o n ? g u r a t i o nW h e n t h e v e h i c l e i s i n s t i l l Wa t e r . I f t h e c o n ? g u r a t i o ni sn u m b e r e d1 , i t i s t h e c o n ? g u r a t i o nl i k e l y t ob e a d o p t e dWhen? o a t i s f a l l i n g behind t h e Wa v e r e s t ,an d t h e t e n s i o n on t h et e t h e ri s f a l l i n g( a n d may b e Z e r o ) . I ft h e c o n ? g u r a t i o ni sn u m b e r e d2 , i t i s t h e c o n ? g u r a t i o nl i k e l y t ob e a d o p t e dWhent h e ? o a t h a s f a l l e n t o t h e t r o u g h o f t h e W a v e ,an d t h e t e n s i o non t h e t e t h e r s t a r t st o i n c r e a s e . I f t h e c o n ? g u r a t i o n i sn u m b e r e d3 , i t i s t h e c o n ? g u r a t i o nl i k e l y t ob e a d o p t e dWhent h e ? o a t i s r i s i n g t o W a r d st h e t o p o f a Wa v e an d t h e t e t h e r i sa t o r c l o s e to i t s m a x i m u m t e n s i o n f o r t h i sp a r t i c u l a r c y c l e .I f t h e c o n ? g u r a t i o n i s numbered 4 , i t i s t h e c o n ? g u r a t i o nl i k e l y t o be adopted W h e n t h e ? o a t i s n e a r t h e t o p of Wa v ec r e s t an d t h e t e n s i o n on t h e t e t h e r h a s d e c r e a s e d .

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    INVENTION

    I n th e Summary o f t h e I n v e n t i o n a b o v e , t h e D e t a i l e dD e s c r i p t i o no f t h e I n v e n t i o nb e l o W,a n d t h e a c c o m p a n y i n gd r a W i n g s , r e f e r e n c e i s made t o p a r t i c u l a r f e a t u r e s o f t h ei n v e n t i o n . I t i s t o be u n d e r s t o o dt h a t t h e d i s c l o s u r e o f t h ei n v e n t i o n i n t h i ss p e c i ? c a t i o n i n c l u d e sa l l p o s s i b l e c o m b in a t i o n s o f s u c h p a r t i c u l a r f e a t u r e s . F o r e x a m p l e , Where ap a r t i c u l a r f e a t u r e i s d i s c l o s e d i n t h e c o n t e x t o f a p a r t i c u l a ra s p e c t , a p a r t i c u l a r e m b o d i m e n t ,o r a p a r t i c u l a r F i g u r e , t h a tf e a t u r e c a n a l s o be u s e d , t o t h e e x t e n t a p p r o p r i a t e , i n t h ec o n t e x t o f o t h e r p a r t i c u l a r a s p e c t s ,e m b o d i m e n t s a n dF i gu r e s , and i n t h e i n v e n t i o n g e n e r a l l y. I t i s a l s o t o be u n d e rs t o o d t h a t t h i si n v e n t i o n i n c l u d e s a l ln o v e l f e a t u r e s d i s c l o s e dh e r e i n an d i s n o t l i m i t e d t o t h e p r e f e r r e d a s p e c t s o f t h ei n v e n t i o n s e t o u t a b o v e .

    T h e t e r m c o m p r i s e s a n d g r a m m a t i c a l e q u i v a l e n t st h e r e o f a r e used h e r e i n t o m e a n t h a t o t h e r e l e m e n t s ( i . e .c o m p o n e n t s ,i n g r e d i e n t s ,s t e p se t c . )a r e o p t i o n a l l yp r e s e n t .F o r e x a m p l e , a Wa t e r v e h i c l e c o m p r i s i n g ( o r W h i c hc o m p r i s e s ) c o m p o n e n t sA , B a n d C c a n c o n t a i n o n l ycomponents A , B and C , o r c a n c o n t a i n n o t o n l y componentsA, B nd C u t a l s o one o r more o t h e r components. Th e term a t l e a s t f o l l o W e db y a number s used h e r e i n t o d e n o t e t h es t a r to f a r a n g e b e g i n n i n gW i t h t h a t number ( W h i c hm a y bea range having an upper l i m i t o r no upper l i m i t , dependingon t h e v a r i a b l e b e i n g d e ? n e d ) . F o r e x a m p l e a t l e a s tI m e a n s 1 or more than 1 , a n d a t l e a s t 80% m e a n s 80% ormore t h a n 8 0 % . Th e term a t most folloWed b y a n u m b e ri s used h e r e i n t o d e n o t e t h e en d o f a r a n g e e n d i n g W i t ht h a tnumber ( W h i c hm a y be a r a n g e h a v i n g 1 o r 0 a s i t s l o W e rl i m i t ,o r a r a n g e h a v i n g no l o W e rl i m i t ,d e p e n d i n gupon t h ev a r i a b l e b e i n g d e ? n e d ) . F o r e x a m p l e , at most 4 means 4o r l e s s than 4 , and a t most 40% m e a n s 40% r l e s s than40%. When, i n t h i ss p e c i ? c a t i o n , a r a n g e i s g i v e n a s ( a ? r s tn u m b e r ) t o ( as e c o n d n u m b e r ) o r ( a ? r s t n u m b e r ) ( asecond number), t h i s m e a n s a range Whose loWer l i m i t i st h e ? r s t number an d W h o e upper i m i t i s t h e second number.For example, from 5 t o 1 5 f e e t o r 5-15 f e e t m e a n s ar a n g e Whose l o W e r l i m i t i s 5 f e e t an d Whose upper l i m i t i s1 5 f e e t . The t e r m s p l u r a l , m u l t i p l e , p l u r a l i t y a n d m u l t i p l i c i t y a r e u s e d herein t o denote tWo o r more thantW o i t e m s .

    Where r e f e r e n c e i s m a d e h e r e i n t o a method c o m p r i s i n gtW o o r more de?ned s t e p s , t h e de?ned s t e p s can be c a r r i e do u t i n an y o r d e r o r s i m u l t a n e o u s l y( e x c e p t Where t h e c o n t e x te x c l u d e s t h a t p o s s i b i l i t y ) ,an d t h e method c a n o p t i o n a l l yinclude on e or more other s t e p s W h i c h a r e c a r r i e d out beforea n y o f t h e de?ned s t e p s ,betWeen tW o o f t h e de?ned s t e p s ,o r a f t e r a l l t h e de?ned s t e p s ( e x c e p t Where t h e c o n t e x te x c l u d e st h a t p o s s i b i l i t y ) .Where e f e r e n c e i s m a d e h e r e i n t o ? r s t a n d s e c o n d e l e m e n t s , t h i s i s g e n e r a l l y d o n e f o ri d e n t i ? c a t i o n p u r p o s e s ; u n l e s s t h e c o n t e x t r e q u i r e s o t h e rW i s e , t h e ? r s t and second elements can be t h e s a m e o rd i f f e r e n t , and r e f e r e n c e t o a ? r s t element does n o t m e a n t h a ta s e c o n d e l e m e n ti s n e c e s s a r i l y p r e s e n t ( t h o u g h i t m a y b ep r e s e n t ) . Where r e f e r e n c e i s m a d e h e r e i n t o a o r a n e l e m e n t , t h i sd o e s n o t ex c l u d e t h e p o s s i b i l i t y t h a t t h e r e a r etW o o r more such elements ( e x c e p t Where t h e c o n t e x te x c l u d e s t h a tp o s s i b i l i t y ) .F o r e x a m p l e ,W h e r er e f e r e n c e i sm a d e h e r e i n t o a ? n , o r a ?n s y s t e m , t h e s Wi m m e r ca n ( a n df r e q u e n t l y d o e s ) c o m p r i s etWo o r more ?ns o r ?n s y s t e m s ,Which may be t h e s a m e o r d i f f e r e n t . W h e r e r e f e r e n c e i sm a d e h e r e i n t o tW o o r more e l e m e n t s , t h i s does n o t excludet h e p o s s i b i l i t y t h a t t h e tW o o r more e l e m e n t s a r e r e p l a c e d bya l e s s e r number o r g r e a t e r number of l e m e n t s p r o v i d i n gt h e

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    U S 7 , 3 7 1 , 1 3 6 B27

    s a m e f u n c t i o n ( e x c e p t Where t h e c o n t e x t e x c l u d e s t h a tp o s s i b i l i t y ) .F o r e x a m p l e , t h e swimmer b o d y a n d t h e ?ns y s t e m c a nt o g e t h e r form a s i n g l e u n i t a r y b o d y . The n umb e r s g i v e n h e r e i n s h o u l d b e c o n s t r u e d W i t h t h e l a t i t u d ea p p r o p r i a t e t o t h e i rc o n t e x t a n d e x p r e s s i o n ; f o r e x a m p l e ,e a c h number i s s u b j e c t t o v a r i a t i o n Which d e p e n d son t h e

    a c c u r a c y With Which i t can be measured by methods conv e n t i o n a l l y u s e d by t h o s e s k i l l e di n t h e a r t .

    U n l e s s o t h e r W i s en o t e d , t h e r e f e r e n c e s t o t h e p o s i t i o n i n gan d s h a p e o f a component o f t h e v e h i c l e r e f e r to t h a tp o s i t i o n i n g a n d s h a p e When t h e v e h i c l e i s i n s t i l l Wa t e r.Va r i o u s t e r m s a r e used i n t h i s s p e c i ? c a t i o n i n a c c o r d a n c eW i t h t h e d e ? n i t i o n s g i v e n a b o v e a n dt h e f u r t h e r d e ? n i t i o n sg i v e n b e l o W.

    L e a d i n ge d g e ( o rl e a d i n ge n d )a n d t r a i l i n ge d g e ( o rt r a i l i n ge n d ) d e n o t e t h e f r o n ta n d r e a r s u r f a c e s r e s p e c t i v e l yof a ?n or other c o m p o n e n t a s Wave p o We r causes th evehicle t o move forWard.

    F o r e an d a f t d e n o t e l o c a t i o n s r e l a t i v e l y n e a r t h el e a d i n ga n d t r a i l i n ge d g e s( o re n d s )r e s p e c t i v e l y .

    A l i g n e d d e n o t e s a d i r e c t i o n Which l i e s g e n e r a l l y i n av e r t i c a lp l a n e W h i c hi s p a r a l l e lt o t h e v e r t i c a lp l a n e W h i c hi n c l u d e s t h e l o n g i t u d i n a l ax i s o f t h e s W i m m e r . A x i a l l ya l i g n e d d e n o t e s a d i r e c t i o n Which l i e s g e n e r a l l y i n t h ev e r t i c a lp l a n e W h i c hi n c l u d e s t h e l o n g i t u d i n a l ax i s o f t h esWimmer.

    T r a n s v e r s e d e n o t e s a d i r e c t i o n Which i e sg e n e r a l l y i n av e r t i c a lp l a n e o r t h o g o n a l t o t h e v e r t i c a lp l a n e W h i c hi n c l u d e s t h e a x i a l c e n t e r l i n e o f t h e sWimmer.

    Where r e f e r e n c e i s m a d e h e r e i n t o a f e a t u r e Which gene r a l l y c o m p l i e sWi t h a p a r t i c u l a rd e ? n i t i o n ,f o re x a m p l e g e n e r a l l y i n a v e r t i c a lp l a n e , g e n e r a l l y l a m i n a r , o r g e n e r a l l y h o r i z o n t a l , i t i s t o b e u n d e r s t o o dt h a t t h e f e a t u r en e e d n o t c o m p l ys t r i c t l yW i t h t h a tp a r t i c u l a rd e ? n i t i o n , b u tr a t h e r ca n d e p a r t from t h a t s t r i c td e ? n i t i o n by an amountW h i c hp e r m i t s e ? f e c t i v eo p e r a t i o n i n a c c o r d a n c eW i t h t h ep r i n c i p l e s o f t h e i n v e n t i o n .

    A l l t h e components o f t h e v e h i c l e a r e p r e f e r a b l y cons t r u c t e d of m a t e r i a l s Which a r e r e s i s t a n t t o s a l t Wa t e r , o re n c l o s e d W i t h i na Wa t e r t i gh t j a c k e t o f s u c h m a t e r i a l , p a rt i c u l a r l ya n y e l e c t r i c a lc o n n e c t i o n s .P r e f e r a b l y ,t h e m a t e r i a l sWhich a r e exposed t o t h e Water a r e r e s i s t a n t t o b i o - f o u l i n g ,and a r e u n a t t r a c t i v e o r even e p e l l e n t t o marine a n i m a l s , l i k es h a r k s . S u i t a b l e m a t e r i a l s c a n f o r example be s e l e c t e d fromm e t a l s a n d p o l y m e r i cc o m p o s i t i o n s ,i n c l u d i n g c o p p e r - c o nt a i n i n g p a i n t s a n d l o W s u r f a c e e n e r g y p o l y m e r s s u c h asp o l y t e t r a ? u o r o e t h y l e n e .W h e n h e v e h i c l e i n c l u d e s b a t t e r i e sa n d s o l a rp a n e l s( o r o t h e re l e c t r i c i t y - g e n e r a t i n gm e a n s ) ,b i o - f o u l i n gc a n l s ob e d i s c o u r a g e db y u s i n g t h e poWer f r o mt h e b a t t e r i e so r s o l a r p a n e l s t o b r i e ? y e l e c t r i f yc o n d u c t i v em a t e r i a l s on t h e v e h i c l e , a n d / o r t o e n e r g i z e a v i b r a t o r WhichW i l ld i s l o d g e b i o - f o u l i n gm a t e r i a l s .L e a d i n ge d g e s W h i c hma y b e s n a g g e dby s e a W e e dc a n o p t i o n a l l y h a v e s h a r p o rs e r r a t e de d g e s .

    The v e h i c l e i s p r e f e r a b l y d e s i g n e d t o m i n i m i z ed r a g asmovement o f t h e s Wi m m e r u l l s i t f o r Wa r d ,an d o m i n i m i z et h e e f f e c t of Winds a nd Water c u r r e n t s Which m o v e t h ev e h i c l e s i d e W a y s .Th e ?oat o r t h e s Wi m m e r o r both ca n have? a p s Which a r e f o l d e d - i n an d have i t t l ee ? f e c t on d r a g W h e nt h e ? o a t o r s Wi m m e r s moving f o r W a r d ,b u t Which f a n o u ta n d i n c r e a s e d r a g When t h e ? o a t o r s Wi m m e r i s movingb a c k Wa r d s .S u c h? a p s a r e p r e f e r a b l y p o s i t i o n e ds o t h a tt h e yk e e p t h e ? o a t a n d / o r t h e s Wi m m e r i n a d e s i r e d o r i e n t a t i o n i fi t m o v e s backWards .

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    8T h e SWimmer Body

    T h esWimmerb o d yp r e f e r a b l y h a s a g e n e r a l l y c y l i n d r i c a ls h a p e , o r o t h e r s h a p e s e l e c t e d t o minimize d r a g a s t h e ?ns y s t e m p u l l st h e sWimmer b o d y t h r o u g h t h e W a t e r .O f t e nt h e r e i s a s i n g l e b o d y , b u t t h e r e c a n b e a p l u r a l i t y o f b o d i e ss e c u r e d t o e a c h o t h e r ,p r e f e r a b l y r i g i d l y ,W i t h t h e i ra x e sa l i g n e d , o r W i t h t h e i ra x e s p a r a l l e lt o ,a n d s p a c e d - a p a r tf r o m ,e a c h t h e r .P r e f e r a b l y t h e body h a s a l o n g i t u d i n a l a x i s W h i c hi s g e n e r a l l y h o r i z o n t a l W h e n t h e v e h i c l e i s i n s t i l lWa t e r.

    The l e n g t h o f t h e s Wi m m e r body c a n f o r e x a m p l e b ea tl e a s t 1 f o o t , e .g . 3 to 1 0 o r 4 to 6 f e e t ,b u t can be s u b s t a n t i a l l yg r e a t e r , e . g .up t o 1000 f e e t o r more. Th e d i a m e t e r ( o r , f o rn o n - c y l i n d r i c a l b o d i e s ,e a c h o f t h e min imum a n d m a x i m u mt r a n s v e r s e d i m e n s i o n s )o f t h e s Wi m m e r c a n f o r example b ea t l e a s t 0 . 1 f e e t ,o r a t l e a s t0 . 3 f e e t ,up t o , f o r e x a m p l e , 0 . 1t i m e s t h e l e n g t h o f t h e s W i m m e r .

    I n some embodiments t h e e n t i r e s Wi m m e r body Wi l l ber i g i d .H o W e v e r ,i t i s a l s op o s s i b l e f o r p a r to f t h e sWimmerb o d y t o b e e l a s t i c a l l yd e f o r m a b l e .F o r e x a m p l e , t h e sWimm e r body can have a c e n t r a l s e c t i o n Which i s ? e x i b l e ,p r e f e r a b l y s u b s t a n t i a l l yo n l y i n t h ev e r t i c a lp l a n e ,W i t h th er u d d e r mounted on a r i g i d s e c t i o n a f t o f t h e ? e x i b l e c e n t r a ls e c t i o n an d t h e ?n sys t em mounted on a r i g i d s e c t i o nf o r W a r do f t h e ? e x i b l e c e n t r a l s e c t i o n . O p t i o n a l l y , th e s Wi mm e r h a s a c e n t e r of buoyancy Which i s above t h e c e n t e r ofg r a v i t y.

    A s f u r t h e r d i s c u s s e d b e l o W, a Wide v a r i e t y o f a d d i t i o n a lcomponents c a n b e a t t a c h e d t o t h e s Wi m m e r b o d y . Heavycomponents a r e p r e f e r a b l y s e c u r e d t o t h e s Wi m m e r r a t h e rt h a n t o t h e ? o a t . The W e tWe i g h t o ft h e s W i m m e r ,i n c l u d i n gt h e c o m p o n e n t sa t t a c h e d t h e r e t o ,c a n f o r e x a m p l eb e 5 - 2 0 ,0 0 0 l b s , e . g .5 - 5 0 0 l b s , f o r e x a m p l e 2 0 - 6 0 l b s . Manyc o m p o n e n t sa r e p r e f e r a b l y p l a c e d W i t h i na Wa t e r t i g h t e n c l os u r ep r o v i d e db y t h esWimmer b o d y( f o re x a m p l ee l e c t r i c a le q u i p m e n t ,i n c l u d i n gb a t t e r i e s ,e l e c t r o n i ce q u i p m e n t ,s e r v om e c h a n i s m s ,W a t e r t i g h tp a s s - t h r o u g h s ,a n d d i r e c t i o n - ? n di n g e q u i p m en t ) . O t h e r sa r ep r e f e r a b l y o r n e c e s s a r i l y p l a c e do u t s i d e t h e sWimmer b o d y , f o r e x a m p l e s t a b i l i z e r? n s ,s t a b i l i z e rWe i g h t s ,r u d d e r s , some y p e s o f e n s o r ,a n d s a m p l ec o l l e c t o r s .S t a b i l i z e r ? n s , Which c a n f o r e x a m p l eb e p l a c e dnear t h e f r o n t and/or near t h e r e a r of h e s Wi m m e r body, ca nf o r e x a m p l eb e g e n e r a l l y v e r t i c a l? x e d a n d a l i g n e d ? n sWhich r e s i s tt r a n s v e r s e d r a g on t h e sWimmer, o r g e n e r a l l yh o r i z o n t a l ? x e d a n d a l i g n e d ? n s W h i c hr e s i s tv e r t i c a ld r a gon t h e sWimmer. S t a b i l i z e r We i g h t s c a n f o r example b e b a r sa n d / o r d i s c s ,u s u a l l y a l i g n e d W i t h t h esWimmer b o d y , ? x e dt o s t r u t sd e s c e n d i n gv e r t i c a l l yf r o mt h e sWimmer b o d y , t h u si n c r e a s i n g t h e We i g h ta n d c h a n g i n gt h e c e n t e r o f g r a v i t y o ft h e sWimmer, o r ca n be p a r t of k e e l - l i k e v e r t i c a l s t a b i l i z e r? n .

    I n one embodiment, a hydrophone i s s e c u r e d t o t h esWimmer b o d y . P r e f e r a b l y ,i n o r d e r t o s e p a r a t e t h e h y d r o

    p h o n e f r o mn o i s e g e n e r a t e d b y t h e s W i m m e r ,t h eh y d r ophone i s p l a c e d a t t h e e n d o f a c a b l e d r a g g e d b e h i n dt h es Wi m m e r b o d y , o r on an e x t e n s i o n b a r p r o j e c t i n g f r o m , egf r o m t h e f r o n to f , t h e sWimmer b o d y .

    Th e F l o a t .The ? o a t c a n b e o f a n y c o n v e n i e n ts i z e an d s h a p e , b e a r i n g

    i n mind t h e components Which t c a r r i e s ,t h e W a y i n Whichi t W i l lb e u s e d , a n d t h e d e s i r a b i l i t yo f m i n i m i z i n gd r a g i nt h eWa t e r an d a g a i n s t W i n d . The l e n g t h o f t h e ? o a t c a n b e l e s st h a n , e . g .0 . 5 t o 0 . 9 t i m es , s u b s t a n t i a l l y e q u a l t o , eg . 9 t o1 . 1t i m e s , o r g r e a t e r t h a n , e . g . 1 . 1t o 4 t i m e s , t h e l e n g t h o ft h e sWimmer. Th e l e n g t h o f t h e ? o a t c a n f o r example be a tl e a s t 1 f o o t , e .g . 3 to 1 0 o r 4 to 6 f e e t ,b u t can be s u b s t a n t i a l l yg r e a t e r , e . g . up t o 1000 f e e t o r more, s o long a s i t i s not t o o

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