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WEB AUTOMATION WITH WATIRDec 08, 2011
Agenda1. Watir Introduction2. Watir Installation and testing3. Installation testing and troubleshotting4. Ruby/Watir IDE5. A Sample Watir test script6. Running Watir test script7. Locating HTML elements8. Interacting with HTML elements9. Controlling HTML elements10. Watir Unit Test Framework11. Test Implementation with Page Object Pattern12. Watir Recorder13. Others
Watir IntroductionWatir is an open-source Ruby libraries for automating web browsersLocates html objectsInteracts found objectValidate results
Watir supports only Internet Explorer on Windows
Watir-WebDriver supports Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, Opera
Watir uses the power of Ruby programming languages
Watir InstallationInstall Ruby InterpreterInstall RubyGems (package manager)Install WatirInstall Watir-Webdriver
Install Ruby InterpreterOn window
Go to Ruby Installer and choose the most recent version to install (Ruby 1.9.2-p290 or newer)
Follow screen intructions to complete installation
Check that Ruby was installed successfully. In command line>ruby –v ruby 1.9.2p290 (2011-07-09) [i386-mingw32]
Select the following two options• Add Ruby executables to your PATH • Associate .rb and .rbw files with this
Ruby installation
Updating RubyGemsSometimes Ruby installs do not have the latest package of RubyGem
To update your RubyGems>gem update –system (…) RubyGems system software updated
Verify your RubyGems was updated to the current version
>gem –v 1.8.11
Installing WatirIn Command Prompt (new session), type
gem install watir
You should get a response that looks something like this (do not worry if the Watir version number or gems count doesn’t match exactly):
>gem install watir (…) Successfully installed water-2.0.1 13 gems installed
Test the install by driving Internet Explorer
In Command Prompt, type the following: irb require “watir” #truebrowser = Watir::Browser.new #<Watir::IE:0x..f8169d749 url=”about:blank” title=””>
A new IE window should open:
Installing Watir-WebDriverIn Command Prompt
gem install watir-webdriver
You should get a response that looks something like this:
>gem install watir-webdriver (…) Successfully installed watir-webrdiver-0.3.2 6 gems installed
Install ChromeDriver for Chrome browser
Configure security setting in IEFour zones have been set to the
same mode (enabled or disabled).
Installing Watir-WebDriverTest the install by driving Internet Explorer Test the install by driving FirefoxTest the install by driving Chrome
In Command Prompt, type the following: irb require “watir-webdriver” =>#truebrowser = Watir::Browser.new :ie=> #<Watir::Browser:0x4eb80dc url="http://localhost:5555/" title="WebDriver">
Replace :ie with :ff or :chrome to test firefox and chrome respectively
Installation TroubleshottingRefer to http://wiki.mpifix.com/index.php/Installing_Watir_for_Windows#Troubleshooting_Watir-Webdriver
Or copy the whole Ruby folder on a machine has sucessful installation to yours (verified on Windows only)The folder is commonly at C:\Ruby192
Installing Watir on MacThe same steps that happens on Window
Install Ruby interpreter Install/update Ruby Gem
Refer to http://wiki.mpifix.com/index.php/Installing_Watir_for_Mac_OS for further details
Ruby/Watir IDERubyInSteel
Plug in to Visual studio 60-day trial Syntax checking and auto suggestion Also put at \\filevn01\Apps\Utilities\RubyInSteel_VS2010_2.zipNote: RubyInSteel has problem with Ruby 1.9.3 version
RubyMine Standalone 30-day trial Strong syntax checking and auto suggestion Also put at \\filevn01\Apps\Utilities\RubyMine-3.2.4.exe
Others NetBeans TextMate (MAC) Komodo (wins, mac, linux)
Ruby In Steel
RubyMine
Sample Watir test script Google search
require 'watir' # the watir controllerinclude Watir #Declaring Variablestest_site = 'http://www.google.com' #Opening Internet explorer browserie = IE.new #Navigating a web pageie.goto(test_site) #interact with objects in web page by enter a search keyword and click on Search buttonie.text_field(:name, "q").set("pickaxe") # q is the name of the search fieldie.button(:name, "btnG").click # "btnG" is the name of the Search button sleep 4
#evaluating resultsif ie.contains_text("Programming Ruby") puts "Test Passed. Found the test string: 'Programming Ruby'. Actual Results match Expected Results."else puts "Test Failed! Could not find: 'Programming Ruby'"end
Running a Watir test scriptCommand line:
Store watir script into a file and call it from command line
Running a Watir test script-Cont.1RubyInSteel: Point RubyInSteel to Ruby Interpreter
Running a Watir test script-Cont.2RubyInSteel
Just click on Run button to run
Running a Watir test script-Cont.3RubyMine
Just right click on watir file and select “Run…”
End of Day #3• Do you understand items mentioned in this session?• Q&A?
Locating HTML ElementsWatir syntaxGet Element by single artributeGet Element by multiple artributesGet Element by regular expressionGet Element by IndexGet Element by Xpath queryGet Element by nestingTips to locate objects
Locating HTML Elements - Watir syntax
HTML Element Name HTML Example Watir Syntax
TextBox <input type="text" id="one" name="typeinme"> IE.text_field(how, what)
HTMl Button <input type="button" id="one" name="clickme" value="Click Me"> IE.button(how, what)
Image Button <input type="image" src="images/doit.gif"> IE.button(how, what)
Label <label class="ss-q-help" for="entry_0">A text field</label> IE.label(how, what)
DropDownList
<select id="one" name="selectme">
IE.select_list(how, what)
<option></option>
<option>Ruby</option>
<option>Watir</option> <option>CSharp</option>
</select>
CheckBox <input type="checkbox" id="one" name="checkme"> IE.checkbox(how, what) Radio <input type="radio" name="clickme" id="one"> IE.radio(how, what)
Locating HTML Elements-Watir syntax – Cont.1HyperLink
<a href="http://pragmaticprogrammer.com/titles/ruby/" id="one" name="book">Pickaxe</a>
IE.link(how, what)
Form <form id="one" name="loginform" action="login" method="get"> IE.form(how, what) </form>
Frame <frameset cols="*,*">
IE.frame(how, what) <frame src="menu.htm" name="menu">
</frameset>
Span <span class=gbtcb></span> IE.span(how, what)
Div
<div class="ss-form-entry">
IE.div(how, what) <input type="submit" value="Submit" name="submit">
</div>
P <p>This is some text in a paragraph.</p> IE.p(how, what)
Table
<table id="gbmpal">
IE.table(how, what)
<tr> <td class="gbmpala">
<a id="gb_71" onclick="gbar.logger.il(9,{l:'o'})" href="https://accounts.google.com" class="gbml1">Sign out</a>
</td> </tr> </table>
Locating HTML Elements-Watir syntax-Cont.2
Image <img src="planets.gif" width="145" height="126" alt="Planets" usemap="#planetmap" /> IE.img(how, what)
Map
<map name="planetmap">
IE.map(how, what)
<area shape="rect" coords="0,0,82,126" href="sun.htm" alt="Sun" />
<area shape="circle" coords="90,58,3" href="mercur.htm" alt="Mercury" />
</map>
Area <area shape="circle" coords="90,58,3" href="mercur.htm" alt="Mercury" /> IE.label(how, what)
h1-h6
<h1>This is heading 1</h1> IE.h1(how, what) <h2>This is heading 2</h2> IE.h2(how, what) <h3>This is heading 3</h3> … <h4>This is heading 4</h4> <h5>This is heading 5</h5> <h6>This is heading 6</h6>
Locating HTML Elements-Watir syntax - Cont.3
WhereHow’s:
:name:id:index:value:text:title…
What’s:• String value of “how” • /Regular expression/
For example• ie.text_field(:id, “txtUsername”)• ie.text_field(:id, “txtPassword”)• ie.button(:id, “BtnGo”)• ie.select_list(:id, ‘YearDDL’)
Locating HTML Elements - Single artributebrowser.text_field(:id, "entry_0")browser.text_field(:class, "ss-q-short")browser.text_field(:name, "entry.0.single")
Play with this sample page• https://
spreadsheets.google.com/viewform?hl=en&formkey=dDliTk5XU1R4RUMtb2c1WDZxWHNENmc6MQ#gid=0
require "watir-webdriver"include Watirbrowser=Browser.new :chromebrowser.goto "https://spreadsheets.google.com/viewform?hl=en&formkey=dDliTk5XU1R4RUMtb2c1WDZxWHNENmc6MQ#gid=0"browser.text_field(:id, "entry_0").exists?chrome.text_field(:class, "ss-q-short").exists?chrome.text_field(:name, "entry.0.single").exists?
Locating HTML Elements – Multiple artributesbrowser.radio(:name => "entry.8.group", :value => "2")Browser.radio(:name => "entry.8.group", :value => "3")
Play with this sample page• https://
spreadsheets.google.com/viewform?hl=en&formkey=dDliTk5XU1R4RUMtb2c1WDZxWHNENmc6MQ#gid=0
Locating HTML Elements – regular expression
This statement will locate a form on web page which has action link contains “formResponse”
chrome.form(:action, /formResponse/)
Locating HTML Elements – regular expression
This statement will locate a form on web page which has action link contains “formResponse”
chrome.form(:action, /formResponse/)
n$ Matches any string with n at the end of it^n Matches any string with n at the beginning of it/n/ Matches any string that contains string n…
Locating HTML Elements – regular expression-Cont.1
n$ Matches any string with n at the end of it^n Matches any string with n at the beginning of it/n/ Matches any string that contains string n[abc] Match any character between the brackets…
Locating HTML Elements - Indexbrowser.checkbox(:name => "entry.4.group", :index=>0)browser.checkbox(:name => "entry.4.group", :index=>1)browser.checkbox(:name => "entry.4.group", :index=>2)
Play with this sample page• https://
spreadsheets.google.com/viewform?hl=en&formkey=dDliTk5XU1R4RUMtb2c1WDZxWHNENmc6MQ#gid=0
Locating HTML Elements - Xpath
WhenAn element which you can't access using those pre-defined
attributes?There is no API for a particular HTML element?When you want to access some element depeding upon some
other element?When performance is needed
Locating HTML Elements – Xpath-Cont.1
Some Xpath query stringsXpath samples Comment
//div Find all elements of a particular type id(‘bob’) or //*[@id='bob']
Find all elements with a specific ID
//div[@id='bob'] Find an element of a particular type with a specific ID //*[@class='bob'] Find elements with a specific class //div[@class='bob'] Find an element of a particular type with a specific class //div//a Find descendant elements of a particular type //div/a Find direct child elements of a particular type
//div[@class='bob']/.. Find a parent element of an element of a particular type that have an artribute of a specific value
//a[@title] Find elements of a particular type that have a specific attribute
//a[@title='bob'] Find elements of a particular type that have an attribute of a specific value
//a[contains(@title,'bob')] Find elements of a particular type that have an attribute that contains a specific value
//a[starts-with(@title,'bob')] Find elements of a particular type that have an attribute that starts with a specific value
Locating HTML Elements – Xpath-Cont.2
ExampleSuppose you have an HTML "select" element like:
<select foo="bar"> <option value="1"> 1< /option> < /select>
Now "foo" is not standard attribute but browser will simply ignore it, so you can still get the element by
element = browser.select(:xpath, "//select[@foo='bar']") Suppose you have a "map" like this:
<map name="top_menu_map" id="top_menu_map"> <area shape="rect" coords="18,2,62,17" href="http://abc.com/public/signup.htm" target="_self" alt="engin home"> </area ></map>
Now there’s no area class in Watir, and you want to access this elementbrowser.element_by_xpath("//area[contains(@href , 'signup.htm')]").click()
Locating HTML Elements – Xpath-Cont.3
ExampleAccessing elements with respect to other elements
<table><tr>
<td> <img src="1.jpg"> <input type="button"> < /td><td> <img src="2.jpg"> <input type="button"> < /td><td> <img src="3.jpg"> <input type="button"> < /td><td> <img src="4.jpg"> <input type="button"> < /td>
< /tr><tr>
<td> <img src="5.jpg"> <input type="button"> < /td><td> <img src="6.jpg"> <input type="button"> < /td><td> <img src="7.jpg"> <input type="button"> < /td><td> <img src="8.jpg"> <input type="button"> < /td>
< /tr>< /table>
Now suppose you want to click on button that has image with src="7.jpg" in front of it. So you have two ways to do it:
browser.button(:xpath, "//img[@src='7.jpg']/input").click()
Locating HTML Elements – Nesting
You can access an element by going through DOM hierarchyFor example, if you had something like this:
<div id="one"> <div id="two"> <a href="http://watir.com/">click me</a> </div></div>
You could click the link with: browser.div(:id => "one").div(:id => "two").link(:text => "click me").click
So, there is a browser, then a div, another div and the link we are looking for.
Locating HTML Elements – Nesting – Cont.1
Suppose you have a dropdown list as below
And you want to get all elements in the dropdown [email protected]_list(:id, /dropDownListOdometerUnit/).options.each do |each|
puts each.textend
Locating HTML Elements – Tips
Use irb mode to see whether the element can be gotten, this approach is to avoid any timing issue due to Javascript/Ajax
Use exists methodUse flash method to highlight object on web page screen
E.g.irb(main):064:0> chrome.text_field(:id, "entry_0").exists?=> trueirb(main):065:0> chrome.text_field(:id, "entry_0").flash=> 10
Locating HTML Elements – Tips – Cont.1
Use HTML collections to print all elements of a particular type, you then can easily get the desized elemens from printed propertiesExplicitly specicy HTML elements
@browser.links.each do |link| puts link.hrefend
You can also narrow down the result, just simply fill in further filter condition
@browser.links(:href => /create_vehicle.aspx/).each do |link| puts link.hrefend
Locating HTML Elements – Tips – Cont.2Use browser elements method
Suppose you have the html code as in below screenshot
Your code would beelements = @browser.elements(:class,"ruledRows")elements.each do |element|puts element.textend
The output will be2006 Saturn Ion-2 2.2L2004 Saturn Ion 2.2L, Vin F, Eng Des L61, USA/Canada2001 Dodge Durango 5.9L, Vin Z2007 Ford F-250 Super Duty XL 5.4L, GAS, Vin 5, Eng Cfg V82007 Buick Lucerne CX 3.8L2005 Honda CR-V EX 2.4L
End of Day #4• Do you understand items mentioned in this session?• Q&A?
Interact with HTML ElementsInteract with BrowserInteract with Page elements (HTML elements)
Interact with HTML Elements – Browser Launch browser
browser = Watir::Browser.new :chrome
Navigate to a page URLbrowser = Browser.goto "www.identifix.com"
Launch browser and navigate to a web pagebrowser = Browser.start "www.identifix.com"
Back a page on browserbrowser.back()
Forward a page on browserbrowser.forward()
Refresh browserbrowser.refresh()
Clear browser cookiesbrowser.clear_cookies()
Check if a new window opens with Watir-Webdriverbrowser.windows.size # You can check the number of windows with this method
Interact with HTML Elements – Browser – Cont.1
Attach to a browser window createdUtilize “use” method on browser objectExample:
require "watir-webdriver"include Watirff.goto "www.identifix.com"ff.a(:id, "hlDetailLink").clickff.window(:title, "Featured Fix OF The Week").useff.title #"Featured Fix OF The Week"ff.window(:title, "Direct-Hit").useirb(main):038:0> ff.title #=> "Direct-Hit"
Interact with HTML Elements – Page elementsSetting the text field (or text area) specified name specified
value. ie.text_field(:name,'name').set('value')
Setting the select with to the specified value
ie.select_list(:name,'name').select('value')
Clicking the button with the specified value (label)ie.button(:value,'value').click
Clicking the link matching 'text' ie.link(:text,'text').click
Enabling a [email protected](:name, "name").set
Interact with HTML Elements – Page elements – Cont.1
Accessing elements in a "frame" or "iframe”Note that you can not directly access elemnent in iframe/frame from browser level, the access has to through iframe
This will get the elementff.frame(:name => "ifrmRotation", :id=>"ifrmRotation").area(:target,
"_blank").send_keys :enter
This won’t get the elementff.area(:target, "_blank").send_keys :enter
Interact with HTML Elements – Page elements
Sending keys to interact with elementIn some cases, you need to check actions from user inputs from keyboard, you can also simulate that action in WatirE.g.
@ie.button(:id, 'BtnGo').send_keys :enter
The learn more button in previous example is a typical case, the navigation does not work with click action
Referencehttp://watirwebdriver.com/sending-special-keys/
Interact with HTML Elements – Page elements – Cont.1
Trigger element’s event• Usually in IE, actions like
clicking on hyperlinks, buttons does not trigger the action, in those cases, you will need to trigger element’s events directly from Watir-Webdriver
E.gie.button(:id, "BtnGo").fire_event("onclick")
Controlling your scriptWhy timing control?Sleep statementImplicit waitsExplicit waitsAjax HandlingJavascript handling
Controlling your script - Why timing control?
By design, Watir does not wait for new page to load, except:
when you “use" to an existing windowuse the "click" method"set" or "clear" radio buttons or checkboxeswhen you select an item in a select listwhen you clear a text fieldwhen you "goto" a new pagewhen you "submit" a formwhen you "back", "forward" or "refresh" the browserwhen you "fire_event" on any element
Controlling your script – Why timing control? – Cont.1
This means that you do not have explicitly code for waiting for a browser page to load. However, there are still some circumstances where you will need to wait
New windows (e.g. popup)Objects that depends on Javascript to show upAsynchronous javascript / AJAXSlow things down for troubleshooting reasons
Controlling your script – Sleep statement
An example might be that you're loading the Google home page and for some reason it's taking time to load. So your script could be as below
require 'watir-webdriver'browser = Watir::Browser.start('http://www.google.com')sleep 5 # we need to wait for the page to load, I've chosen 5 seconds which works on my machinebrowser.text_field(:name, 'q').set('ruby poignant')....
Back to sample google search example of the training to see how things work if “sleep 5” statement is removed
Unfortunately the sleep is hardcoded and doesn't work for anyone else who has slower network connection
Controlling your script – Implicit WaitsSpecify a maximum time (in seconds) the script will try to find
an element before timing out. This is done by setting the property of the underlying driverSpecify a maximum time (in seconds) the script will try to find an element before timing out
E.g
require 'watir-webdriver'b = Watir::Browser.newb.driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 3 #3 seconds
Note: Using implicit waits can make your tests slower and more difficult to understand when they fail
Controlling your script – Explicit WaitsWatir::Wait.until { ... }: where you can wait for a block to be trueobject.when_present.set: where you can do something when it’s presentobject.wait_until_present: where you just wait until something is presentobject.wait_while_present: where you just wait until something
disappears
The default timeout for all these methods is 30 seconds, but your can pass an argument to any of these to increase (or decrease) it as needed.
E.g require 'watir-webdriver'b = Watir::Browser.new :chromeb.goto 'bit.ly/watir-webdriver-demo'b.select_list(:id => 'entry_1').wait_until_presentb.text_field(:id => 'entry_0').when_present.set 'your name'b.button(:name => 'submit').clickb.button(:name => 'submit').wait_while_presentWatir::Wait.until { b.text.include? 'Thank you' }
Controlling your script – Ajax handlingHow?
Ajax handling from Watir is just simply using timing control to wait for result from Ajax event.
The timing control may be a wait loop (while iterate with sleep command) or built-in control functions
=> It’s not recommended to use wait loop
E.g
def wait_until_loaded(timeout = 30) start_time = Time.now until (application_reports_its_loaded == 'true') do sleep 0.1 if Time.now - start_time> timeout raise RuntimeError, "Timed out after #{timeout} seconds" end endend
Or a simpler option
tries = 0until browser.link(:text, /link_to_wait_for/).exists? do sleep 0.5 tries += 1endbrowser.link(:text, /link_to_wait_for/).clickend
Controlling your script – Ajax handling – Cont.1Sample loop control
def wait_until_loaded(timeout = 30) start_time = Time.now until (application_reports_its_loaded == 'true') do sleep 0.1 if Time.now - start_time> timeout raise RuntimeError, "Timed out after #{timeout} seconds" end endEnd
Or a simpler option
tries = 0until browser.link(:text, /link_to_wait_for/).exists? do sleep 0.5 tries += 1endbrowser.link(:text, /link_to_wait_for/).clickend
Controlling your script – Ajax handling – Cont.2
Built-in Methods (explicit methods)Suppose you click on Go button in screenshot aside and expect “the secret word…” is returned
require "watir-webdriver"include Watir@browser = Browser.new :[email protected] ("http://www.degraeve.com/reference/simple-ajax-example.php") @browser.button(:value => "Go").clickWait.until {@browser.div(:id, 'result').text.include? "The secret word"}
Controlling your script – Javascript handling
Same reasons and approaches that applied to Ajax handling
E.gSelect Year, Make, Model and Engine to create a vehicle in DH Create Vehicle page
Wait.until {browser.select(:name, 'YearDDL').when_present.text.include? "Year: Please Select"}browser.select_list(:id, "YearDDL").select “2004”
Watir Unit Test FrameworkInstallationCreate a test instanceCreate a test methodVerify results (assertion statements)Chain test cases in single Unit test classSetup and TeardownA Sample Test::Unit class templateA Sample Watir Test::Unit class Run the test cases in Test::Unit class Run test cases in multiple Test::Unit classes
Watir Unit Test Framework - Installation
Ruby has an xUnit framework called Test::Unit that we can use with Watir. You do not have to install anything, Test::Unit is included in Ruby
• To use Test::Unit in your test scripts, enter the following in your test script require 'test/unit'
Watir Unit Test Framework - Create a test instance
Create your class for your test case that inherites from “Test::Unit::TestCase” class
class myTest < Test::Unit::TestCase # fill in Test Case methods hereend
Watir Unit Test Framework - Create a test method
Test method starts with “test”.Test method that does not start with “test” won’t be called
automatically, but they can be referenced by unit test methods (starts with “test”)
def test_01_search_validbrowser.text_field(:name, "q").set("pickaxe")browser.button(:name, "btnG").clickassert(browser.contains_text("Programming Ruby"),
"Test Passed. Found the test string: 'Programming Ruby'")end
Watir Unit Test Framework - Verify results Watir can support assertions by wrapping Watir methods within an assert
E.g assert(ie.contains_text("Reached test verification point.") Watir can test for many different states of objects. We can use assertions to check of objects exists, are enabled or disabled, or any other state that the DOM tells the web browser about an object Some assertions that Ruby Unit Test Framework supports• assert (Test::Unit::Assertions)• assert_block (Test::Unit::Assertions)• assert_equal (Test::Unit::Assertions)• assert_no_match (Test::Unit::Assertions)• assert_not_equal (Test::Unit::Assertions)• assert_not_nil (Test::Unit::Assertions)• assert_not_same (Test::Unit::Assertions)• assert_nothing_raised (Test::Unit::Assertions)• assert_nothing_thrown (Test::Unit::Assertions)• assert_raise (Test::Unit::Assertions)• assert_respond_to (Test::Unit::Assertions)
Watir Unit Test Framework - Chain test cases in single Unit test classTest::Unit class allows you to have more than one test method inside
the class
When we run the test script from the command line, Test::Unit uses reflection to go through our test class and execute all the test cases declared in it.
The runner by default executes the test cases alphabetically, so if you
need to chain test cases, prefix letters from the alphabet or numbers after the test prefix to force them to run in order.
E.g
test_01_your_method_name test_02_your_method_name…
Watir Unit Test Framework - Setup and Teardown
• The method names setup and teardown are reserved for Test::Unit.
• If you would like to use setup and teardown functionality, simply use those as method names for the actions you want executed before and after executing each test case.
def setup # fill in code that will run before every test case hereEnd
def teardown # fill in code that will run after every test case hereend
Watir Unit Test Framework - A Sample Test::Unit class templateA sample Test::Unit class which include things mentioned above would be
as below
require 'watir-weddriver'require 'test/unit' #includes Ruby's test case functionalityinclude Watir #include Watir namespace class WatirTest < Test::Unit::TestCasedef setup# fill in code that will run before every test case hereend def test_01_your_method_name# fill in method body with Watir code and assertion here end def test_02_your_method_name# fill in method body with Watir code and assertion hereend def teardown# fill in code that will run after every test case hereendend
Watir Unit Test Framework - A Sample Watir Test::Unit class: Google search class WatirTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
def setupif $ie == nil$ie = IE.new$ie.goto("http://google.com")endend
def test_01_search_valid$ie.text_field(:name, "q").set("pickaxe")$ie.button(:name, "btnG").clickassert($ie.contains_text("Programming Ruby"),
"Test Passed. Found the test string: 'Programming Ruby'")end
def test_02_search_invalid
$ie.text_field(:name, "q").set("csharp")$ie.button(:name, "btnG").clickassert(not($ie.contains_text("Programming Ruby")),
"Test Passed. Did not find string: 'Programming Ruby'")end
end
End of Day #5• Do you understand items mentioned in this session?• Q&A?
Watir Unit Test Framework – Run test cases
• Run single scriptLike running for a watir test script as inntroduced earlier
Syntax>ruby "filepath\filename.rb" argument1 argument2, ... For example
E.g>ruby "C:\Users\trhuynh\Desktop\DirectHit\Main\Tests\Automation\DirectHitPAT\TCs\TC.Login.rb" firefox
Watir Unit Test Framework – Run test cases – Cont.1• Run a specific test method in Unit::TestCase
If Watir is written using Ruby Unit Test Framework, we can only run a particular test method instead of all test methods. In order to do that, specify test method name followed by “--name" directive and your file name
For example>ruby my_test_file.rb --name test_01_your_method_name
Watir Unit Test Framework – Run test cases – Cont.2Using Command-line Arguments
You can access any command-line arguments passed by the shell with the ARGV special variable. ARGV is an Array variable which holds, as strings, each argument passed by the shell.
In your Watir script, you can get each argument by using [] operator (e.g. ARGV[0], ARGV[1]...)
We can make use of this feature to indicate which browser, which test environment the written Watir test scripts to run against
Watir Unit Test Framework – Run test cases – Cont.3Run multiple scripts
Ruby does not support to specify multiple scripts in command line But you can still run multiple scripts by create an additional ruby file which "require" individual
scripts The command-line arguments passed by the shell will be the arguments passing to each
individual scripts specified in additional ruby file
For example, suppose you have two Watir scripts "C:/Users/trhuynh/Desktop/Test/test1.rb" "C:/Users/trhuynh/Desktop/Test/test2.rb"
You then can run these two script by creating an additional file (e.g. testAll.rb) which has content as require "C:/Users/trhuynh/Desktop/Test/test1.rb" require "C:/Users/trhuynh/Desktop/Test/test2.rb"
Now, you can run the test as below >ruby "C:/Users/trhuynh/Desktop/Test/TestAll.rb" firefox
We would utilize this feature to create test suite for PAT in Continuos Integration
Watir Unit Test Framework – Run test cases – Cont.4Run same script with different settings
It’s useful when you want to repeat the same test with various settings like repeating the same test on different browser…
What we need to do is wrap the full path + fike name into system comand
E.gsystem("ruby #{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/Suite.Search.rb \"chrome\" \"www.identifix.com\"")system("ruby #{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/Suite.Search.rb \"firefox\" \"www.identifix.com\"")
Storing element objects and data test with page object frameworkAdvantageAn exampleImplementationTest Execution
Page object framework - advantagePage Objects is a design pattern to model the application under test as objects in your code. Page Objects eliminate duplication by building an abstraction that allows you to write browser tests for maximum functional test maintainability and robustnessPromotes re-use and reduce duplicationMake tests readableMake tests more robustImprove maintainability, particualarly is the application is
rapidly evolving
Page object framework - ExampleConsider this script:
require 'watir-webdriver' # the watir controllerinclude Watir
browser = Watir::Browser.new :chromebrowser.goto "www.identifix.com"
browser.text_field(:id => "txtUsername").set "tester0101"browser.text_field(:id => "txtPassword").set "tester0101"browser.button(:id => "BtnGo").click
assert(Watir::Wait.until { browser.title == " Direct-Hit -- Create A New Vehicle " }
browser.select_list(:id, "YearDDL").select "2004"browser.select_list(:id, "MakeDDL").select "Saturn"browser.select_list(:id, "ModelDDL").select "Ion"browser.select_list(:id, 'OptionsDDL').select "2.2L, Vin F, Eng Des L61, USA/Canada"browser.button(:value,"Select Vehicle").click
assert(Watir::Wait.until { browser.title == "Direct-Hit -- Main Asset Search" }
Page object framework – Example – Cont.1
With page objects, this could be splitted into diferent classes to take the advantage of page object frameworkPages.LoginPages.CreateVehiclePages.VehicleHome
Page object framework – Example – Cont.2Pages.Login.rb
class LoginPage < BrowserContainer def open @browser.goto URL self end
def login_as(user, pass) user_field.set user password_field.set pass go_button.click next_page = CreateVehiclePage.new(@browser) Watir::Wait.until { next_page.loaded? } return next_page end
private def user_field @browser.text_field(:id => "txtUsername") end def password_field @browser.text_field(:id => "txtPassword") end def go_button @browser.button(:id => "BtnGo") endend
Page object framework – Example – Cont.3 Pages.CreateVehicle
class CreateVehiclePage < BrowserContainerdef logged_in?logged_in_element.exists?end def [email protected] == "Direct-Hit -- Create A New Vehicle"end def create_vehicle(year, make, model, engine)@browser.select_list(:id, "YearDDL").select [email protected]_list(:id, "MakeDDL").select [email protected]_list(:id, "ModelDDL").select [email protected]_list(:id, 'OptionsDDL').select engineselect_button.click()#return next_pagenext_page = VehicleHomePage.new(@browser)Watir::Wait.until { next_page.loaded? }return next_pageend
privatedef [email protected](:title => "Logout")enddef [email protected]_list(:id, "YearDDL")enddef [email protected]_list(:id, "MakeDDL")enddef [email protected]_list(:id, "ModelDDL")enddef [email protected](:value,"Select Vehicle")endend
Page object framework – Example – Cont.4Pages.VehicleHome.rb
class VehicleHomePage < BrowserContainerdef logged_in?
logged_in_element.exists?end
def [email protected] == "Direct-Hit -- Main Asset Search"
end
privatedef logged_in_element
@browser.image(:id => "tabHome", :alt => "Home")end
end
Page object framework – Example – Cont.5Parms.Login.rb
class VehicleHomePage < BrowserContainerdef logged_in?
logged_in_element.exists?end
def [email protected] == "Direct-Hit -- Main Asset Search"
end
privatedef logged_in_element
@browser.image(:id => "tabHome", :alt => "Home")end
end
Page object framework – Example – Cont.6Parms.Login.rb
class LoginPageParmsdef self.get_username
return “tester0101"end
def self.get_passwordreturn “tester0101"
endend
Page object framework – Example – Cont.7Site.rb
require "#{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/base_page.rb"require "#{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/login_page.rb"require "#{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/create_vehicle_page.rb"require "#{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/vehicle_home_page.rb"
class Site < BrowserContainer def login_page @login_page = LoginPage.new(@browser) end
def create_vehicle_page @create_vehicle_page = CreateVehiclePage.new(@browser) end def vehicle_home_page @vehicle_home_page = VehicleHomePage.new(@browser) end def close @browser.close endend # Site
Page object framework - Implementation
Create a class file corresponding to each web page of web application• Pages.Login• Pages.CreateVehicle• Pages.VehicleHome
Page object framework – Implementation – Cont.1Define class for each class file
Reference to base class
require "#{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/base_page.rb"
Test methods that users would work on the web page under test; it depends of your test purposes. At least there’re two methods, one to dertermine whether the page is loaded, the other one to dertermine if the page is loaded correctly
def logged_in?logged_in_element.exists?
end
def [email protected] == "Direct-Hit -- Main Asset Search"
end
All object definition should not be exposed to user
privatedef [email protected](:id => "tabHome", :alt => "Home")end
Page object framework – Implementation – Cont.2Add a site classSite represents the web application under test; the site class should contain methods to instantiate all page classes
Add all page class references to site class
require "#{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/base_page.rb"require "#{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/login_page.rb"require "#{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/create_vehicle_page.rb"require "#{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/vehicle_home_page.rb"
Add methods to instantiate each page class
def login_page @login_page = LoginPage.new(@browser) end
def create_vehicle_page @create_vehicle_page = CreateVehiclePage.new(@browser) end def vehicle_home_page @vehicle_home_page = VehicleHomePage.new(@browser) end
Page object framework – Implementation – Cont.3Create further paremeter classesThis is optional; it depends on how much common data your test methods will need to access in each web page. If you feel it’s needed, you may create each paremeter class for each page class
class LoginPageParmsdef self.get_username
return “tester0101"end
def self.get_passwordreturn “tester0101"
endend
Page object framework – Implementation – Cont.4Call page class methods in your test methods in Ruby Test::Unit
framework
def test_01_login@login_page = $site.login_page.open@create_vehicle_page = @login_page.login_as
LoginPageParms.get_username(),\ LoginPageParms.get_password()
assert(@create_vehicle_page.logged_in?, "Test Passed. Login successfully")
end
def test_02_create_vehicle@create_vehicle_page = $site.create_vehicle_page@vehicle_home_page = @create_vehicle_page.create_vehicle "2004",
"Saturn", "Ion", "2.2L, Vin F, Eng Des L61, USA/Canada"assert(@vehicle_home_page.logged_in?, "Created and entered VHP successfully")
end
Page object framework – Test ExecutionSame as running a normal Unit:Test test case, refer to Watir Unit Test
Framework – Run test cases section
End of Day #6• Do you understand items mentioned in this session?• Q&A?
