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WATERTUBE BOILERS
(HEATING, POWER, &
TUBULAR)
5th Class Power Engineering Book 1, Unit 1, Chapter 1
Learning Outcome
Describe various types of watertube boilers used in
small industrial and heating systems
Glossary Words
Baffle
Drum
Economizer
Forced Draft Fan
Header
Heating Surface
Mud drum
Stack
Superheater
Uptake
Water line
watertubes
Table of Contents
Power Boiler—“High Pressure”
Heating Boiler—“Low Pressure”
Watertube “Power Boiler” used for
heating
Power vs Heating
Steam15 psi (103 kPa)
Water 160 psi/250 F
(120C)
ASME Section I—Power Boilers
High Pressure
Low Pressure
Steam
Objective 1
Describe the construction of watertube and copper-
tubular boilers
Evolution of Boilers
https://en.m.wi
kipedia.org/wi
ki/Newcomen_
atmospheric_en
gine
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newcomen_atmospheric_engine
Haystack Boiler
Shell Boiler
HRT Boiler—Early Horizontal Firetube
Early Boilers—Locomotive
Objective 2
Describe the water circulation in a longitudinal drum
straight tube boiler
Straight tube Watertube Boiler
Straight tube Watertube Boiler
Straight tube Watertube Boiler
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ae_
QmSRhD5w
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ae_QmSRhD5w
Box Header
Objective 3
Describe two-drum bent tube boilers, and
advantages of bent tube boilers compared to a
straight tube boiler
Straight vs Bent Tubes
Bending the Tubes
Two Drum Bent Tube Watertube Boiler
Two-Drum Bent Tube Circulation
Two Drum Bent Tube Watertube Boiler
Advantages of Bending the Tubes
Bent tubes form baffles and waterwalls instead of brick refractory—increased heating surface
Smaller diameter tubes to withstand higher pressures
Allows for expansion/contraction
Eliminates need for box or sinuous tube headers
Bending the Tubes
More heat exchange
surface
• Higher pressure
• Higher steaming
capacity
A-style Watertube Boiler
A-Style Water Tube Boiler
Bending the Tubes
Field erected
High pressure
High capacity
Still back somewhere around here
Boiler explosion
Boiler explosion
Boiler explosion
Grover Shoe Factory—1905
American Society of Mechanical
Engineers—ASME
Boiler Safety
Sound design , construction & materials
Regular inspection
Competent, trained operators
The BPVC Mandatory Code
ASME Recommended Rules
Manitoba Steam Laws—Equipment
Manitoba Steam and Pressure Plants Act and
Regulation
Inspection of Equipment
Design, construction & material standards
Manitoba Steam & Pressure Plants Act
Manitoba Steam Laws—Operators
Manitoba Power Engineers Act
Operator Certification
Power Engineers Act—Plant
Classification
Power Engineers Act—Operator
Certification
Learning Objective 4
Describe the construction of the “A” type, “D” type,
and “O” type, and the advantages of packaged
watertube boilers
Choose Watertube when:
Industrial high pressure/high steam load
Medium & small industry/large heatingLower water volume—safer
Quick response to load changes
Smaller foot print/weight
Strong natural water/steam circulation
Better handling of expansion/contraction stress
But
More expensive initial cost
Able to meet rigorous water treatment requirements
Package Watertube Boilers
Low headroom Compact footprintLarge radiant
heating surface
Low Headroom Compact Footprint Large Furnace
Cleaver Brooks Model 4 & 5; Type“O”
The Yarrow—“A” type
A-style Watertube Boiler
Boiler #1
Package “D” Type
Boiler #1
Boiler #1
Advantages of Packaged Boilers
(watertube & firetube)
Standard parts, quality, construction
One warranty dealer
Mass production reduces costs
“Easy” installation: comes pre-piped, pre-wired—
need only plant hook-up
Packaged Watertube Boilers
Large heating & small industrial—ASME Section I
Learning Objective 1
Describe the construction of watertube and copper-
tubular boilers
Steam (ASME Section I or IV)
or Hot Water (ASME Section IV)
Serpentine Tubes
Less susceptible to thermal shock
Easy tube replacement
Hot Water for Space Heating—ASME
Section IV
Fin Tube Heat Exchanger
Fin Tube Heat Exchanger
Cleaver Brooks Models 4 & 5