Waterborne Transport and Waterborne Transport and Homeland SecurityHomeland Security

William B. Samuels, Ph.DWilliam B. Samuels, Ph.DScience Applications International CorporationScience Applications International Corporation

McLean, VirginiaMcLean, Virginia

2007 Joint Services Environmental Management Conference2007 Joint Services Environmental Management ConferenceColumbus, OHColumbus, OH

May 21May 21--24, 200724, 2007

Program AreasProgram Areas

•• Water Distribution Water Distribution SystemsSystems

•• Waste Water Waste Water Collection SystemsCollection Systems

•• Source WaterSource Water

SponsorsSponsors

•• Federal Emergency Management Agency (DHS)Federal Emergency Management Agency (DHS)•• Environmental Protection AgencyEnvironmental Protection Agency•• Technical Support Working GroupTechnical Support Working Group•• USDA Forest ServiceUSDA Forest Service•• Defense Threat Reduction AgencyDefense Threat Reduction Agency•• American Water Works Association Research American Water Works Association Research

FoundationFoundation•• Water Environment Research FoundationWater Environment Research Foundation•• Metropolitan Washington Council of GovernmentsMetropolitan Washington Council of Governments•• New York City Department of HealthNew York City Department of Health

Water Distribution SystemsWater Distribution Systems

•• PipelineNetPipelineNet•• Drinking Water Contamination in Drinking Water Contamination in

Buildings and Large VenuesBuildings and Large Venues•• Threat Ensemble Vulnerability Threat Ensemble Vulnerability

Assessment (TEVA) SupportAssessment (TEVA) Support

MonitoringLocation

MonitoringLocation

EPANET ToolkitVisual Basic

EPANET ArcView

Contaminant Transport

ConsequenceAssessment

RegulatoryCompliance

SystemIsolationSystem

Isolation

PipelineNet

Concentration, AgeingTracing, Pressure, Head

Population at RiskCritical Facilities at Risk

PipelineNet

Pipes, Tanks,Reservoirs

Valves, PumpsSCADA

Water DistributionInfrastructure

Schools, Hospitals, Population, etc.

PipelineNetPipelineNet

•• GISGIS--based based hydraulic and hydraulic and water quality water quality modelmodel

•• Consequence Consequence assessmentassessment

•• Sensor placement Sensor placement •• Mitigation Mitigation

alternativesalternatives

Model ApplicationsModel Applications

Halifax

New York

Manchester

Cincinnati

Ann Arbor

Fort Worth

Salt Lake CityMurray ProvoPark City

Seattle

San Francisco

DC WASA

PhoenixWSSC

Las Vegas

St. Paul

Completed

In progress

Oakland

Birmingham

HillsboroughCounty

Arlington

Pittsburgh

Falls Church

Tucson

TEVA

PipelineNetPipelineNet -- NYCNYC

•• Calibrated Extended Period Simulation EPANET ModelCalibrated Extended Period Simulation EPANET Model–– 3 pressure zones (Central Park to the Battery)3 pressure zones (Central Park to the Battery)–– Calibrated for flowCalibrated for flow–– Comparison with fluoride tracer dataComparison with fluoride tracer data–– Integrated into PipelineNetIntegrated into PipelineNet

•• Hydraulic modeling reportHydraulic modeling report•• ARCGIS PipelineNet installation CDARCGIS PipelineNet installation CD•• User GuideUser Guide•• Training ManualTraining Manual•• User Training SessionUser Training Session•• Quality Assurance Project PlanQuality Assurance Project Plan

PipelineNetPipelineNet HighlightsHighlights

•• 19991999 Development of Development of PipelineNetPipelineNet PrototypePrototype•• 20002000 EPA/TSWG Interagency AgreementEPA/TSWG Interagency Agreement•• 2001 2001 First set of 5 cities selected for First set of 5 cities selected for PipelineNetPipelineNet

developmentdevelopment•• 2002 2002 Winter Olympics Winter Olympics –– Salt Lake CitySalt Lake City•• 2003 2003 AwwaRFAwwaRF Case Study Case Study -- EBMUDEBMUD•• 2004 2004 Republican National Convention Republican National Convention –– NYCNYC•• 2005 2005 Joint Project with Canada Joint Project with Canada –– HalifaxHalifax

Collaboration with TEVA ProgramCollaboration with TEVA Program•• 2006 2006 DCWASA Model ImprovementDCWASA Model Improvement

New York City Department of HealthNew York City Department of Health

• Development of Protocols and Guidelines for the Prevention of Contamination of Drinking Water in Large Venues– Assessment of Building and Plumbing Types–– Analysis of Analysis of ChemChem--Bio Agents Bio Agents –– Analysis of Drinking Water Supply Vulnerability Analysis of Drinking Water Supply Vulnerability

Threat Ensemble Vulnerability Threat Ensemble Vulnerability Assessment (TEVA)Assessment (TEVA)

•• Hydraulic Model Development and CalibrationHydraulic Model Development and Calibration•• GIS SupportGIS Support•• Population EstimatesPopulation Estimates•• Sensor Placement StudiesSensor Placement Studies•• Effects of Effects of SkeletonizationSkeletonization•• Quality Assurance Project PlansQuality Assurance Project Plans•• Ann Arbor StudyAnn Arbor Study

Waste Water Collection SystemsWaste Water Collection SystemsSewerNetSewerNet

•• A direct release into a manhole or other entry point of A direct release into a manhole or other entry point of the sewer system.the sewer system.

•• The collection of contaminated water flushed from The collection of contaminated water flushed from hydrants or other devices hydrants or other devices

•• The collection of wastewater generated from the normal The collection of wastewater generated from the normal activitiesactivities

Source WaterSource Water•• ICWaterICWater

•• Potomac Potomac RiverSpillRiverSpill

•• Waterborne Transport ModuleWaterborne Transport Module

ICWaterICWater ComponentsComponents

•• National National HydrographyHydrography Dataset Plus (Dataset Plus (NHDPlusNHDPlus))•• RealReal--Time StreamTime Stream

FlowFlow•• Agent DatabaseAgent Database•• ARCGISARCGIS•• RiverSpillRiverSpill ModelModel•• Asset DatabasesAsset Databases

National National HydrographyHydrography Dataset Plus Dataset Plus ((NHDPlusNHDPlus))

•• 1:100K Stream Network1:100K Stream Network•• Catchments for each Catchments for each flowlineflowline•• Drainage area characteristics Drainage area characteristics •• Flow volume & velocity Flow volume & velocity

estimatesestimates

ICWaterICWater StatusStatus

Alaska

DemonstrationDemonstration

Potomac Potomac RiverSpillRiverSpillInterstate Commission on the PotomacInterstate Commission on the Potomac

River BasinRiver Basin

•• Model CalibrationModel Calibration

TrainingTraining

Waterborne Transport ModuleWaterborne Transport Module

RiverSpill

Runoff

Rainout & Deposition

Estuarine, Ports and Coastal

Ocean

HYTRAS

NAVOCEANO

NOAA

Rainfall -Runoff

SCS Curve Number

Atmospheric Deposition and Atmospheric Deposition and Surface RunoffSurface Runoff

Deposition Pattern (HPAC)

Catchments

(NHDPlus)Land Use (NHDPlus)

Hydrologic Soil

Groups (NRCS)

Rainfall Pattern (NOAA - QPF)

Rainfall - Runoff

(Curve Number)

HPAC DepositionHPAC Deposition

Runoff Volume and Contaminant Runoff Volume and Contaminant ConcentrationConcentration

•• Curve Number EquationCurve Number Equation

• Runoff volume (cm3) = Q (cm) x Catchment Area (cm2)• Contaminant mass from HPAC

Q = (P - 0.2S)2 / (P + 0.8S)

Q = runoff (cm)

P = precipitation (cm)

S = water retention parameter (cm), computed from dimensionless curve numbers (CN) which are functions of soils, land cover, antecedent moisture

S = (2540/CN) – 25.4

CN describes the hydrologic condition of the land surface at the time of the precipitation event

Solution of the Runoff EquationSolution of the Runoff Equation

Example Runoff Curve NumbersExample Runoff Curve Numbers

Catchments and Land UseCatchments and Land Use

Hydrologic Soil GroupsHydrologic Soil Groups

Rainfall Rainfall –– NOAA QPFNOAA QPF

William B. Samuels, Ph.D

Science Applications International Corporation1710 SAIC Drive

McLean, VA 22102phone: 703 676-8043samuelsw@saic.com

http://eh2o.saic.com