Water & Wastewater Minimization Using ElectrodialysisReversal (EDR) · PDF file · 2016-02-18Water & Wastewater Minimization Using ElectrodialysisReversal ... water and wastewater

Water & WastewaterMinimization Using

Electrodialysis Reversal (EDR)The webinar will start at the top of the hour

If you need assistance, type in the Questions box

Website: www.dhptraining.comContact: [email protected]

Website: www.saltworkstech.comContact: [email protected]

InstructorsDavid Paul David H. Paul, Inc.Ben Sparrow Saltworks Technologies, Inc.

[email protected]@saltworkstech.com

Water & WastewaterMinimization Using

Electrodialysis Reversal (EDR)

Today’s Webinar• 40 minute presentation–David gives Intro–Ben Sparrow provides details

• 20 minutes of Q & A

• Type your questions into the Questions box

Today’s Webinar• This presentation is recorded

• Will be available at:www.dhptraining.com/recordings

• You’ll be sent a Thank You email with a PDF of this presentation

Today’s Webinar• David H. Paul, Inc. and Saltworks

Technologies, Inc. do not have a financial relationship

• This webinar is presented to give the water treatment industry information on a relatively new technology for water and wastewater minimization

• Working with high-tech water treatment systems since 1977

• Training and consulting at hundreds of plant since 1988

• Master of Science Degree in Microbiology

David Paul

Ben Sparrow• Professional Mechanical

Engineer/MBA

• Field Engineer turned Construction and Project Manager: 2000-2008

• Co-founder, Chief Engineer, and CEO of Saltworks Technologies Inc: 2008-present

• Inventor with multiple patents in thermal and membrane processes

ED & EDR• Electrodialysis (ED) was the forerunner of

Electrodialysis Reversal (EDR) but had scaling issues on water and wastewater treatment

• EDR minimizes scaling by alternating the polarity of the electrodes every 10-20 minutes or so

• When the polarity reverses, previous Dilute Channels become Concentrate Channels and previous Concentrate Channels become Dilute Channels

Electrodialysis(ED)

ED

+ + + +++ + +

- - - - - - - - Cathode

Anode

EDCation Transport

Cation Transport

Anion Transport

Anion Transport

+ + + +++ + +

- - - - - - - -

+ + + + + + ++

+ + + + + + ++

- - - - - - - -

Cathode

Anode

- - - - - - - -

ED

+ + + +++ + +

- - - - - - - -

+ + + + + + ++

+ + + + + + ++

- - - - - - - -

Cathode

Anode

- - - - - - - -Cation Transport

Cation Transport

Anion Transport

Anion Transport

ED

Feed

Feed

+ + + +++ + +

- - - - - - - -

+ + + + + + ++

+ + + + + + ++

- - - - - - - -

Cathode

Anode


Cation Transport

Anion Transport

Anion Transport

EDRinse

Rinse

Rinse+ + + +++ + +

- - - - - - - -

+ + + + + + ++

+ + + + + + ++

- - - - - - - -

Cathode

Anode


Cation Transport

Anion Transport

Anion Transport

ED

Feed

Feed

Ca+2 Mg+2 Na+

SO4 -2 Cl- HCO3

- HSiO3-

Ca+2 Mg+2 Na+

SO4 -2 Cl- HCO3

- HSiO3-

+ + + +++ + +

- - - - - - - -

+ + + + + + ++

+ + + + + + ++

- - - - - - - -

Cathode

Anode


Cation Transport

Anion Transport

Anion Transport

+ + + +++ + +

- - - - - - - -

+ + + + + + ++

+ + + + + + ++

- - - - - - - -

Cathode

Anode

ED

Feed

Feed Ca+2 Mg+2 Na+

SO4 -2 Cl- HCO3

- HSiO3-

Ca+2 Mg+2 Na+

SO4 -2 Cl- HCO3

- HSiO3-


Cation Transport

Anion Transport

Anion Transport

ED

SO4 -2 Cl- HCO3

- HSiO3-Feed

FeedSO4

-2 Cl- HCO3- HSiO3

-

Na+Ca+2 Mg+2

Na+Ca+2 Mg+2

+ + + +++ + +

- - - - - - - -

+ + + + + + ++

+ + + + + + ++

- - - - - - - -

Cathode

Anode


Cation Transport

Anion Transport

Anion Transport

+ + + +++ + +

- - - - - - - -

+ + + + + + ++

+ + + + + + ++

- - - - - - - -

Cathode

Anode

ED

SO4 -2 Cl- HCO3

- HSiO3-

Na+Ca+2 Mg+2

Feed

FeedSO4

-2 Cl- HCO3- HSiO3

-

Na+Ca+2 Mg+2


Cation Transport

Anion Transport

Anion Transport

+ + + +++ + +

- - - - - - - -

+ + + + + + ++

+ + + + + + ++

- - - - - - - -

Cathode

Anode

ED

SO4 -2 Cl- HCO3

- HSiO3-

Feed

Feed

SO4 -2 Cl- HCO3

- HSiO3-

Na+Ca+2 Mg+2

Na+Ca+2 Mg+2


Cation Transport

Anion Transport

Anion Transport

+ + + +++ + +

- - - - - - - -

+ + + + + + ++

+ + + + + + ++

- - - - - - - -

Cathode

Anode

ED

Feed

Feed

Dilute

Dilute

Na+Ca+2 Mg+2

Na+Ca+2 Mg+2

SO4 -2 Cl- HCO3

- HSiO3-

SO4 -2 Cl- HCO3

- HSiO3-


Cation Transport

Anion Transport

Anion Transport

+ + + +++ + +

- - - - - - - -

+ + + + + + ++

+ + + + + + ++

- - - - - - - -

Cathode

Anode

EDWaste

Waste

WasteSO4 -2 Cl- HCO3

- HSiO3-

Na+Ca+2 Mg+2

Na+Ca+2 Mg+2

SO4 -2 Cl- HCO3

- HSiO3-


Cation Transport

Anion Transport

Anion Transport

ElectrodialysisReversal (EDR)

+ + + +++ + +

- - - - - - - - Cathode

Anode

EDR

- - - - - - - - Cathode

+ + + +++ + + Anode

EDR

+ + + +++ + +

- - - - - - - -

+ + + + + + ++

- - - - - - - -

Cathode

Anode

EDR- - - - - - - -

+ + + + + + ++

Feed Dilute

Feed Dilute

+ + + +++ + +

- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -

+ + + + + + ++

+ + + + + + ++

- - - - - - - -

Cathode

Anode

EDR

Feed Dilute

- - - - - - - -

+ + + + + + ++

+ + + + + + ++

- - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - -Cathode

+ + + +++ + +Anode

EDR

Cation Exchange

Cation Exchange

Anion Exchange

Anion Exchange

+ + + +++ + +

- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -

+ + + + + + ++

+ + + + + + ++

- - - - - - - -

Cathode

Anode

Ca+2 Mg+2 Na+

SO4 -2 Cl- HCO3

- HSiO3-Feed

Feed Ca+2 Mg+2 Na+

SO4 -2 Cl- HCO3

- HSiO3-

Feed

Feed

Feed

Dilute

Dilute

ElectrodeBleed

Concentrate

ElectrodeBleed

OH- OH- OH-

H+ H+ H+ H+H+

OH- OH-

EDR

Cation Exchange

Cation Exchange

Anion Exchange

Anion Exchange

- - - - - - - -

+ + + + + + ++

+ + + + + + ++

- - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - Cathode

+ + + +++ + + Anode

SO4 -2 Cl- HCO3

- HSiO3-

Ca+2 Mg+2 Na+

Feed

Feed

Feed

Feed

Feed

Dilute

ElectrodeBleed

Concentrate

ElectrodeBleed

Concentrate

OH-OH- OH-OH- OH-

H+H+ H+ H+ H+

EDR

EDR• Most particles have a negative

surface charge• By reversing the polarity of the

electrodes every few minutes, scaling and fouling of the membrane sheets can also be minimized

Feed Dilute

Feed Dilute

+ + + +++ + +

- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -

+ + + + + + ++

+ + + + + + ++

- - - - - - - -

Cathode

Anode

EDR

Feed Dilute

- - - - - - - -

+ + + + + + ++

+ + + + + + ++

- - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - -Cathode

+ + + +++ + +Anode

EDR

Source: GE

EDR

Manufacturers Of EDR Systems

• GE (US) gewater.com

• Astom (Japan) astom-corp.jp/en/en-main2-acilyzer3.html

• Mega (Czechoslovakia) mega.cz/electrodialysis.html

• Saltworks (Canada) saltworkstech.com

Saltworks ElectroChem

NewEDR

Technology

Saltworks• GE-Ionics patents expired in the 1990s.

Several variations are available today.• Saltworks out of Canada has a standard

EDR, similar to the GE-Ionics typesexcept it has:– Vertical stacks– Specialty membranes

Saltworks Standard EDRVertical Stack

Saltworks ElectroChem• Saltworks also has an EDR design for

concentrating high TDS feed water, like industrial wastewaters

• Called the Saltworks ElectroChem

• Feed water passes serially through two channels as opposed to only one channel in standard EDR

• Can only transfer up to 75,000-80,000 mg/L per pass. Two passes allows for up to 150,000 mg/L

ElectroChemVertical Stack

ElectroChem

ElectroChem

ElectroChem/RO

ElectroChemPretreatment RO

PERMEATE- - -- - - -

- - - - - - -FEED

BRINE

Softening

Concentration

SaltTransfer

Ben Sparrow• Professional Mechanical

Engineer/MBA

• Field Engineer turned Construction and Project Manager: 2000-2008

• Co-founder, Chief Engineer, and CEO of Saltworks Technologies Inc: 2008-present

• Inventor with multiple patents in thermal and membrane processes

Saltworks Technologies IncSaltworks Technologies IncSaltworks Technologies Inc.Saltworks Technologies Inc.

ElectroChem:ElectroChem:ElectroChem:ElectroChem:Advanced Electrodialysis (EDR)Advanced Electrodialysis (EDR)

[email protected]

www.saltworkstech.comCopyright © 2015 Saltworks Technologies Inc.Confidential Information

Electrodialysis W ll t bli h d t h l Well established technology

Ideal for treating waters with scaling ions and organicsL ( 20 i)• Low pressure (<20 psi)

• Self cleaning• Desalt to any concentrationDesalt to any concentration• Remove multivalent ions• Modularityy

Modular ElectroChem StackModular ElectroChem Stack

CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2015 Saltworks Technologies Inc.

Electrodialysis Reversal (EDR) Principles

ForwardForward Mode

ReverseReverse Mode


“EDR f l li i d li i ”

USBR: EDR VS RO Energy Curves “EDR for lower salinity desalination”




EDR 1 0EDR 1.0




EDR 2 0 H b id i tEDR 2.0: Hybrids, organics, etc

EDR 1 0EDR 3.0: monovalent, change chemistry, etcEDR 1.0


EDR d li i 500 /L lid f

Curve Correct, Message Wrong EDR desalination to 500 mg/L, not valid for:

• Brine concentrator hybrids (EDR‐RO)• Modern desalting applications (high organics)Modern desalting applications (high organics)

EDR benefits:• Organic resilienceOrganic resilience• EDR is energy‐efficient desalting to ~2,000 mg/L


EDR and RO have an economic “sweet spot”

Drivers for EDR Economics

Driver Effect

Lower treated TDS CapEx (membrane area) & OpEx

Brine concentration OpEx (energy)

Required salt flux

(change in TDS)

CapEx (membrane area) & OpEx(change in TDS) p


Saltworks’ AdvantagesConventional EDR ElectroChem Advanced EDR

Electrode Fouling

Heavy metals, calcium cause fouling:• Chemical softening

l l l d d

Patented electrode blockerNo chemical softening

l f l l• NaCl electrolyte + acid dosing: ‐Chlorine gas (hazard), acid consumed (OpEX)

Simple, safe electrolyte: Na2SO4

Membranes 20th century polymer chemistry Hi h t h i l i t

Robust, flexible, lower cost, ductile21st t l h i tHigh cost chemical inputs 21st century polymer chemistry

Stack Leaks EDR stacks leakIncrease product pressure to direct leaks to concentrate (losing 2% of production)

Patented leak free design: positive mechanical pressure

Copyright © 2015 Saltworks Technologies Inc.

concentrate (losing 2% of production)

Processes Conventional EDR thought to be limited to <10,000 mg/L feed

High concentration EDR (150,000 mg/L) patented process, novel applications

IonFlux Ion Exchange Membranes pH 0 12 0 60oC pH 0‐12, 0‐60oC

1/10th thickness of traditional membranes

High multivalent ion transport, high selectivity

Mechanically robust, ductile

Selective ion removal


Commercial Production and Services

l h k blElectroChem Stack Production and Assembly

Customer Training CenterQuality Assurance 24/7 Remote Customer Support


Bench Results Scale‐Up Well

ElectroChem Micro Stack

ElectroChem Micro Pilot Modular Full‐Scale ElectroChem Stack


Containerized, Automated Pilot Plants

Multimedia Filtration (left)Microfiltration (right)

25 m3/day ElectroChem Plant at Site (left)ElectroChem Stack (right)

• Fully Automated• Self Cleaning• Data Acquisition

ElectroChem Plant Control Room (left)

HMI for Automatic Control

• Remote Log In

HMI for Automatic Control Settings (right)

Copyright © 2015 Saltworks Technologies Inc.CONFIDENTIAL

EDR RO h b id

Advanced EDR: Applications EDR‐RO hybrids

High organicsEOR d d i d i l• EOR produced waters, industrial wastewaters

Selective ion removal

Ch h i Change water chemistry



ElectroChem Brine ConcentratorElectroChem Brine ConcentratorElectroChem Brine ConcentratorElectroChem Brine Concentrator(EDR(EDR‐‐RO Hybrid)RO Hybrid)

[email protected]


ElectroChem‐RO Hybrid: High Recovery S f RO i l ( li !) Softens RO inlet (no lime!)

Concentrates RO reject (reduces brine volume ~50%)

ElectroChem‐RO Hybrid


Electrochemical Softening, No Chemicals


High Brine Concentration Plant feed 22 100 mg/L TDS concentrated to 106 800 mg/L Plant feed 22,100 mg/L TDS concentrated to 106,800 mg/L

/106,800 mg/L

46,800 mg/L

5,180 mg/L



ElectroChem Produced Water DesalterElectroChem Produced Water DesalterElectroChem Produced Water DesalterElectroChem Produced Water Desalter(EDR organic resilience)(EDR organic resilience)

[email protected]


Hydrocarbon resistant membranes

ElectroChem Produced Water Desalter Hydrocarbon resistant membranes

Only salts fluxed to seawater stream

O ti l i j ti TDS 1 000 2 000 /L Optimal re‐injection TDS: 1,000 ‐ 2,000 mg/L

Modular ElectroChem St k

Organic Contaminated W t StackWater


No pre treatment

Treatment of Organic Contaminated Waters No pre‐treatment

Desalinate to optimal re‐injection parameters

100% ith t 100% recovery with water reuse

Parameter Raw EOR Produced DesalinatedParameter(mg/L)

Raw EOR Produced Water

Desalinated Water

pHT l Di l dTotal Dissolved SolidsTotal HardnessCalciumCalciumChlorideMagnesiumSodiumSulfate



ElectroChem Salt SplitterElectroChem Salt Splitter ROROElectroChem Salt SplitterElectroChem Salt Splitter‐‐RORO(EDR to Change Water Chemistry)(EDR to Change Water Chemistry)

[email protected]


EDR to Change Water Chemistry El di l i M h i (EDM) Electrodialysis Metathesis (EDM)

Change low solubility CaSO4 (aq) into hi h l bilit N SO ( ) d C Cl ( )high solubility Na2SO4 (aq) and CaCl2 (aq)

Concept first presented by Toshikatsu Hamano in Japan (1993)Hamano in Japan (1993)

Improved by Dr. Thomas Davis (2005) and ZDDand ZDD

US Patent #5,376,250


ElectroChem Salt Splitter‐RO: True Monovalent Selective MembranesTrue Monovalent Selective Membranes No softening, membrane system with “extreme” recoveries

• Pilot: gypsum saturated mine waterPilot: gypsum saturated mine water• Change water chem: remove scaling ion (CaSO4) recovery limits. • Does not remove silica scale limits

Split CaSO4 into highly soluble Na2SO4 and CaCl2


Results: Mine Water Treatment Extreme recovery

Two non‐scaling brines

Parameter (mg/L) Raw Mine Water

CaCl2 Brine

Na2SO4 Brine

pH 7.75 3.88 4.89 Total Dissolved Solids 3,520 125,000 157,000 Total Hardness (as CaCO3) 2,680 65,700 176Total Hardness (as CaCO3) 2,680 65,700 176 Bicarbonate (as CaCO3) 516 <1 1 Calcium 441 10,200 39 Magnesium 384 9 770 19Magnesium 384 9,770 19 Sulfate 2,060 297 64,100

Copyright © 2015 Saltworks Technologies Inc.CONFIDENTIAL


Ammonia SplitterAmmonia SplitterAmmonia SplitterAmmonia Splitter(EDR selective ion removal)(EDR selective ion removal)

[email protected]


Ammonia Splitter R li bl t ll bl i t t t Reliable, controllable ammonia treatment No temperature sensitivity Treat any ammonia load to any level Treat any ammonia load to any level Compact, bolt‐on system


Choose from 3 treatment/removal options1 F ll d t ti t N b d t1. Full destruction to N2 gas, no by‐product

OR produce manageable fertilizer by‐products:2 Ammonium sulfate2. Ammonium sulfate3. High value ammonium nitrate

Process Option By‐product Pros Cons

1. Full destructionElectrolyze to nitrogen gas

N2 (air) Full destruction, no waste disposal

Highest cost and energy optionElectrolyze to nitrogen gas waste disposal

liabilityenergy option (CapEx + OpEx)

2. Fertilizer productionConversion to (NH4)2SO4

Ammonium Sulfate(NH4)2SO4

Lowest cost option Low value by‐product (may cost

to manage)to manage)


WWTP Side Stream (Centrate) Treatment T t i i WWTP id t t t Treat ammonia in WWTP side stream centrate

Reduce Ammonia Load Meet EPA Discharge LimitsReduce Ammonia Loadin Main WWTP

Meet EPA Discharge Limits Treating 1% of Inlet Flow



ElectroChem:ElectroChem:ElectroChem:ElectroChem:Advanced Electrodialysis (EDR)Advanced Electrodialysis (EDR)

[email protected]


For More• Water & Wastewater

Minimization Using Current & Emerging Membrane Technologies–3-Day Seminar

• 19-21 April, 2016• Albuquerque, NM• David Paul is the instructor

www.dhptraining.com

Thank Youfor

Attending!Please answer the 3 Polling Questions

before leaving (will take only 10-30 seconds)

Documents

Water & Wastewater Minimization Using ElectrodialysisReversal (EDR) · PDF file · 2016-02-18Water & Wastewater Minimization Using ElectrodialysisReversal ... water and wastewater