Water treatment/purification options for El Salvador project

Overview of the different techniquesGreat overview of the different

methods used currently (Also includes a TED video of Life saver bottles)Water purification methods for developing countriesTalks about chlorine, iodine, bromine for water

treatment along with reverse osmosis, lifesaver bottles and lifestraws

Filtration/purification at the tapCeramic filter at the tap

Ceramic filters in Cambodia - Field report

Bio-sand filterHow it works

Moringa Oleifera seedsHow it works

Lifesaver jerrycan

AquatabsCould be used as a

point of use or community based

Sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC)

30 minute treatment time

No or minimal chlorine taste

P&G – Purifier of water sachetPoint of use disinfectantCalcium hypochlorite and

ferric sulfate30 minute treatment

timeChlorine taste dissipates

after a few hoursStandard operating

procedure -

SE200Point of use or

community basedConcept based on

electrochlorinationEliminates the

dependency on supply chain



Bio-sand filter Micro-organisms in the

bio-layer eat many of the pathogens

Upto 36L/h of clean drinking water

Biological layer takes 3 weeks to mature

• CAWST carried out water analyses of 107 long term Biosand filter users in Haiti in 2005 and found average removal effectiveness of 98.5% (measuring E. coli, the indicator bacteria recommended by the WHO)

Cost-benefit analysisWeightage (%)

Chlorine tablets*

Aquatabs P&G PUR sachet

SE200 Lifesaver jerry can

Bio-sand filter

Cost 25 1 1 3 2 4 1

Accessibility / Supply chain

10 1 1 1 2 2 3

Feasibility 10 1 1 1 1 1 1

Complexity / Ease of use

10 2 1 2 2 1 1

Acceptance 15 4 3 3 2 1 1

Effectiveness

5 3 2 2 1 1 2

Ranking1 – Best5 - Worst

*Chlorine tablets at community level

Definitions

Cost – Cost of purifying water per personAccessibility – Are the raw materials readily availableFeasibility – Is the process feasible for the communityAcceptance – Will people adopt the processEffectiveness – Is the process effective in providing clean water to the families