Water supply: Will our

taps run dry?

Lower Secondary Geography 2014

Name: _________________________ ( )

Class: ________

Date: ____________

Measures taken to avoid water shortage

in Singapore

Step 1: DESCRIBE

Step 2: EXPLAIN

Step 3: DESCRIBE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

Section 4: How can Singapore avoid water shortage?

Learning outcomes (things you need to know about this topic!)

What do we do to avoid water shortage?

(Measures) (b) Decrease

water consumption

(b)(i) Pricing of water

(b)(ii) Public education

(a) Increase water supply

(a)(i) Local catchment

(a)(ii) NEWater (a)(iii) Desalinated water

(a)(iv) Imported water

(c) Conservation of water

(c)(i) Protection of water resources

(a)(i) Increase water supply Local catchment areas

S_________ C___________: ‘Land over which water is caught’ area over which rain

falls and is collected. (drains, canals, water collection ponds etc.)

The water collected is then transported and stored in r___________.

STEP 1: DESCRIBE what this measure is

STEP 2: EXPLAIN what this measure is (be able to state how this measure helps to prevent water shortage)

(a)(i) Increase water supply Local catchment areas

STEP 3: DESCRIBE the advantages and disadvantages

Advantages

Disadvantages

1. Takes advantage of Singapore’s high rainfall

2. Can also be r___________ areas

1. Less land can be used for h_________ and industries

2. When there is little rain catchment areas are not used not effective.

(a)(ii) Increase water supply NEWater

STEP 1: DESCRIBE what this measure is

STEP 2: EXPLAIN what this measure is (be able to state how this measure helps to prevent water shortage)

NEWater is drinking water that is p_________ and made from used water.

With clever planning & t______________, fresh water can now be obtained from used water. Thus, no new source of water is needed.

How is NEWater produced? (a)(ii) Increase water supply NEWater

TREATED U___ WATER

MICROFILTRATION

R_________ O_________

ULTRAVIOLET DISINFECTION

(a)(ii) Increase water supply NEWater

STEP 3: DESCRIBE the advantages and disadvantages

Advantages

Disadvantages

1. Not dependent on rainfall. In times of low rainfall, water supply will not be affected.

2. NEWater is u______- p_____ good source for the water fabrication industry

1. E______________ to produce

2. The public may find it difficult to drink water that they know comes from used water.

(a)(iii) Increase water supply Desalinated water

STEP 1: DESCRIBE what this measure is

STEP 2: EXPLAIN what this measure is (be able to state how this measure helps to prevent water shortage)

Desalination: The process of removing dissolved s____ & other minerals from water produces d___________ water

As only s_________ is used for desalination, a new source of freshwater is not required. Instead, more drinkable water is produced from our present water resources.

(a)(iii) Increase water supply Desalinated water

How is fresh water produced from ocean water?

(a)(iii) Increase water supply Desalinated water

STEP 3: DESCRIBE the advantages and disadvantages

Advantages

Disadvantages

1. N__ dependent on rainfall can be used during a d____ s_____.

2. Singapore is surrounded by a lot of seawater makes desalination a good choice

1. Very expensive to produce

2. Large amounts of salt and chemical solutions are produced if disposed of i_____________, will lead to w_______ p___________.

(a)(iv) Increase water supply Imported water

STEP 1: DESCRIBE what this measure is

STEP 2: EXPLAIN what this measure is (be able to state how this measure helps to prevent water shortage)

Singapore signing agreements with J_____ (Malaysia) to import water. Import: to bring a product over to a country to be sold

With the existing agreement, Singapore will receive water from Johor till 2061.

(a)(iv) Increase water supply Imported water

STEP 3: DESCRIBE the advantages and disadvantages

Advantages

Disadvantages

1. Does not require land frees up land for other uses

2. C_________ as compared to NEWater and desalinated water

1. May not be enough to meet water needs

2. Water agreements between countries eventually end there is no g___________ of future water agreements

(b)(i) Decrease water consumption Pricing of water

STEP 1: DESCRIBE what this measure is

STEP 2: EXPLAIN what this measure is (be able to state how this measure helps to prevent water shortage)

Water Conservation Tax:

A pricing system where an additional amount of money is charged based on water consumption

The pricing system encourages people to r_______ their water consumption the more water you use, the higher the tax rate you have to pay.

(b)(i) Decrease water consumption Pricing of water

STEP 3: DESCRIBE the advantages and disadvantages

Advantages

Disadvantages

1. People will be more cautious about the amount of water they use.

2. Water pricing reflects the cost of producing clean water people can a____________ the v______ of clean water & not take water for granted. 1. For industries that use a lot of water, the high pricing of water may be passed on to the paying customer with the high price of the goods manufactured.

2. The rich may still be able to afford the high tax they will still continue using any amount of water they want.

(b)(ii) Decrease water consumption Public education

STEP 1: DESCRIBE what this measure is

STEP 2: EXPLAIN what this measure is (be able to state how this measure helps to prevent water shortage)

a) Water Efficiency Labelling Scheme (WELS): educates the public on water c___________ through using w______-e_________ appliancesb) Water saving kitWELS allows consumers to make informed choices when buying household products (eg. Washing machines). They will know which appliances use less water than others.

(b)(ii) Decrease water consumption Public education

STEP 3: DESCRIBE the advantages and disadvantages

Advantages

Disadvantages

1. Public education can teach many people about the true i______________ of water in their lives

2. Such education has the potential to make lasting positive changes in the way people use water

1. It takes t______ to change people’s behaviour.

2. It’s success depends on whether people choose to respond positively.

STEP 1: DESCRIBE what this measure is

STEP 2: EXPLAIN what this measure is (be able to state how this measure helps to prevent water shortage)

- Active, Beautiful, Clean Waters a prog. to promote the enjoyment of Singapore’s waters

- ‘Friends of Water’ prog. encourages public to care for our waterways

- ABC Waters: helps people to get closer to water & e______ SG’s water making us want to p_________ the water we have

- FOW Prog: helps to educate people on how to preserve our water

(c) Conservation of water Protection of water resources

STEP 3: DESCRIBE the advantages and disadvantages

Advantages

Disadvantages

1. C____-e_________ way to ensure clean water

2. Everyone can enjoy a healthy environment when we all play our part

1. It’s success is dependent on effective public education and everyone’s c____________

3. Conservation of water Protection of water resources