Water Programme - Ministry of Drinking Water and …...Foreword Historically, drinking water supply in the rural areas in India has been outside the government's sphere of influence

Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water MissionDepartment of Drinking Water Supply

Ministry of Rural DevelopmentGovernment of India

www.ddws.gov.in

National Rural DrinkingWater ProgrammeMovement towards Ensuring People’s Drinking Water Securityin Rural India

Framework for Implementation

Department of Drinking Water SupplyMinistry of Rural Development, Government of India

RAJIV GANDHI NATIONAL DRINKING WATER MISSION

Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission

National Rural Drinking Water Programme Movement towards Ensuring People’s Drinking Water Security in Rural India


Department of Drinking Water Supply Ministry of Rural Development

Government of India

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The first government-installed rural water supply schemes were implemented in the 1950s as part of the Government policy to provide basic drinking water supply facilities to the rural population.

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Foreword

Historically, drinking water supply in the rural areas in India has been outside the government's sphere of influence. Community-managed open wells, private wells, ponds and small-scale irrigation reservoirs have often been the main traditional sources of rural drinking water. The Government of India’s effective role in the rural drinking water supply sector started in 1972-73 with the launch of Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme (ARWSP).

During the period 1972-1986, the major thrust of the ARWSP was to ensure provision of adequate drinking water supply to the rural community through the Public Health Engineering System. The second generation programme started with the launching of Technology Mission in 1986-87, renamed in 1991-92 as Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission . Stress on water quality, appropriate technology intervention, human resource development support and other related activities were introduced in the Rural Water Supply sector. The third generation programme started in 1999-2000 when Sector Reform Projects evolved to involve community in planning, implementation and management of drinking water related schemes, later scaled up as Swajaldhara in 2002.

The Rural Water Supply (RWS) sector has now entered the fourth phase with major emphasis on ensuring sustainability of water availability in terms of potability, adequacy, convenience, affordability and equity while also adopting decentralized approach involving PRIs and community organizations. Adequate flexibility is afforded to the States/UTs to incorporate the principles of decentralized, demand driven, area specific strategy taking into account all aspects of the sustainability of the source, system, finance and management of the drinking water supply infrastructure. Adoption of appropriate technology, revival of traditional systems, conjunctive use of surface and ground water, conservation, rain water harvesting and recharging of drinking water sources have been emphasised in the new approach.

In the RWS sector sustainability of drinking water sources and systems are a major issue. As a consequence, ensuring availability of drinking water both in terms of adequacy and quality, on a sustainable basis, is the major challenge. Water quality is impacted due to ground water table falling due to excessive drawals. The levels of natural contaminants such as fluoride and arsenic and man-made chemical pollutants such as pesticides and insecticides are high in many areas. The biological contamination of large number of drinking water sources is a serious problem, primarily due to prevalent open defecation and insanitary conditions around the drinking water sources in rural India. With the basic sanitation programme being implemented in the villages, the prevalence of water borne diseases such as diarrhea, cholera, etc. is seen to have decreased, but the incidence is still relatively high in some parts of the country. Rural water supply

lqJh jktoat laèkw Ms. RAJWANT SANDHU

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Secretary Government of India

Ministry of Rural Development Department of Drinking Water Supply

247, ‘A’ Wing, Nirman Bhawan, New Delhi-110 018 Tel.: 23061207, 23061245 Fax : 23062715

E-mail : [email protected], [email protected]

April 23, 2010

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programme must be integrated with sanitation and coordinated with primary health care and other related programmes. The new guidelines seek to promote this by formulating a coordinating mechanism that must also ensure convergence of related programmes such as NRHM, ICDS, SSA and Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS).

From an institutional perspective, the modified policy recommends supporting the transfer of management and financial responsibility to the lowest level to the Panchayati Raj Institutions and, in particular the Village Water Supply and Sanitation Committees formed as Standing Committees of the Gram Panchayat. The transfer of responsibility would require provision of management and financial autonomy to the PRIs, VWSC, community organizations, as adequate and appropriate for their roles. This would enable the community to obtain a higher quality of services and minimize capital and maintenance cost, through competitive selection of service providers among existing public and private agencies and other organizations.

In order to safeguard the availability and quality of rural drinking water in India, this sector must have effective priority over other uses. Therefore, protection of ground water sources from excessive abstraction must be addressed, otherwise the costs of providing safe drinking water will continue to escalate. These issues can only be addressed with a multi-sectoral approach and a broad resource management perspective. Formulation of District Water Security Plans is an imperative. This will require development of institutional capabilities at the District Planning Board/ZP and GP/village level for preparing holistic plans for which provision must be made through allocation of funds as well as defining the institutional mechanism for capacity building and management of the RWS sector.

In rural India the spatial and social organization is such that the concept of a community can be interpreted synonymously with the concept of habitations. The rural habitation is often a unit of differentiation used to define a community based on caste and creed and also by members who by and large share common language and cultural characteristics. Often, people from the socially backward classes living in a cluster are not able to access water from the common water supply schemes located in the main village. To ensure availability of potable drinking water on sustainable basis in SC/ST dominant habitations, the States and UTs are required to commit adequate funds for these habitations.

Women generally manage domestic water needs. They are the pivot around whom the entire sustainability paradigm is evolved. It is, therefore, of critical importance that women are involved at all the stages of planning, implementation and management of rural water supply schemes. Moreover, women's associations can provide a strong framework for community participation.

The RWS norms and guidelines need to be flexible and broad-based for facilitating the community/VWSC for planning RWS projects based on the principle of demand responsive planning rather than adoption of universal norms and standards.

Based on these considerations the ARWSP has been modified as National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP) for the Eleventh Plan period. It is sincerely hoped that the new regime will help in providing adequate and potable drinking water on a sustainable basis to all persons living in the rural areas of our country.

(RAJWANT SANDHU)

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Contents

Foreword .................................................................................................................................................... iii

Abbreviations ....................................................................................................................................... viii

Units of Measure .................................................................................................................................... ix

National Policy Framework ..............................................................................................................1 1. National Goal ................................................................................................................................. 1 2. Basic Principles .............................................................................................................................. 1 3. Vision and Objectives ................................................................................................................. 1

3.1. Vision .................................................................................................................................... 1 3.2. Objectives ........................................................................................................................... 1

4. Paradigm Shift ............................................................................................................................... 2 5. Steps to Ensure Source Security .............................................................................................. 3 6. Long Term Sustainability ........................................................................................................... 4 7. Critical Issues ................................................................................................................................. 4 8. Norms ............................................................................................................................................... 5

The Programme ....................................................................................................................................... 7 9. Modified Programme ................................................................................................................. 7

9.1. Modification ...................................................................................................................... 7 9.2. Components of the NRDW Programme ................................................................. 8 9.3. Flexible Policy ................................................................................................................... 9 9.4. Criteria for Allocation of Funds under NRDWP .................................................. 10 9.5. Incentive Funds ............................................................................................................. 11 9.6. O&M Fund ....................................................................................................................... 11 9.7. Provision of Drinking Water in Rural Schools & Anganwadis ........................ 12 9.8. Public Facilities for Drinking Water ......................................................................... 12 9.9. Earmarking of Funds for SCs and STs/SCP and TSP Component .................. 12 9.10. Gender Empowerment and Budgeting ................................................................ 13

10. Support Activities ..................................................................................................................... 13 10.1. Water Quality Monitoring & Surveillance (WQM&S) ........................................ 14 10.2. Communication and Capacity Development ..................................................... 15 10.3. Management Information System .......................................................................... 15 10.4. Research and Development ...................................................................................... 15 10.5. Programme and Project Monitoring and Evaluation ....................................... 16

11. Other Support Activities ......................................................................................................... 17 11.1. Rigs and Hydro Fracturing Units ............................................................................. 17 11.2. Monitoring and Investigation Units ....................................................................... 17 11.3. External Support Agencies ........................................................................................ 17

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Delivery Mechanism .......................................................................................................................... 19 12. Institutional Set Up ................................................................................................................... 19

12.1. National Level ................................................................................................................ 19 12.2. National Technical Support Agencies .................................................................... 19 12.3. Role of National Informatics Centre ....................................................................... 19 12.4 State Level ....................................................................................................................... 20 12.5. District Level ................................................................................................................... 20 12.6 Village / Gram Panchayat Level ................................................................................ 20 12.7. Role of NGOs and CSOs .............................................................................................. 21

Planning, Fund Release And Monitoring ............................................................................. 23 13. Village and District Water Security Plan ............................................................................ 23 14. Comprehensive Water Security Action Plan (CWSAP) .................................................. 23 15. Planning ....................................................................................................................................... 25 16. Flow of Funds ............................................................................................................................. 25 17. Release of Funds ........................................................................................................................ 27 18. Audit ............................................................................................................................................. 29 19. Monitoring .................................................................................................................................. 30

19.1. Online Monitoring ........................................................................................................ 30 19.2. State Level ....................................................................................................................... 31 19.3. Community Monitoring and Social Audit ............................................................ 32

20. Regulation & Pricing ............................................................................................................... 32

Exit Policy ....................................................................................................................................... 35

Annexures ....................................................................................................................................... 37 Annexure I ....................................................................................................................................... 37

A. Norms for Providing Potable Drinking Water in Rural Areas .............. 37 B. Norms for Coverage .......................................................................................... 37 C. Definitions of Joint Monitoring Programme for MDG .......................... 37 D. Parameters of Potability - Safe Drinking Water ....................................... 39

Annexure II Guideline for Implementation of Sustainability – Swajaldhara Project ......................................................................................................................... 40

Annexure III Framework for Water Quality Monitoring & Surveillance (WQM&S) .... 44 Annexure IV Communication and Capacity Development Unit (CCDU) ...................... 51 Annexure IV-A IEC Guidelines for Rural Drinking Water Supply .......................................... 54 Annexure IV-B Strategy for Implementation of HRD Campaign ......................................... 62 Annexure IV -C Guidelines for Engaging Technical Experts in Rural Water Supply

and Sanitation Sector ............................................................................................ 63 Annexure V Guideline on Computerisation and Management

Information System (MIS) .................................................................................... 66 Annexure VI Policy Guidelines on Research and Development for Rural Water

Supply and Sanitation Sector ............................................................................. 70

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Annexure VII Institutional Set Up at State, District and Village Levels ............................ 74 Annexure VIII Memorandum of Understanding between State Government

of ________ and the Department of Drinking Water Supply, Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India .............................. 82

Annexure IX Proforma for Release of Funds Under National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP) ............................................................................................ 85

Annexure X Utilization Certificate for the Year 20__-20__ ............................................... 89

CONTENTS

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Abbreviations

AMC Annual Maintenance Contract ASHA Accredited Social Health Activist BIS Bureau of Indian Standards CAG Comptroller and Auditor General of India CBO community-based organisation CCDU Communication and Capacity Development Unit CEE Centre for Environment and Education CGWB Central Ground Water Board CSE Centre for Science and Environment CSIR Council of Scientific and Industrial Research CWC Central Water Commission CWSAP Comprehensive Water Security Action Plan DA Dearness Allowance DDP Desert Development Programme DPAP Drought Prone Areas Programme DPR Detail Project Report DWSM District Water and Sanitation Mission GIS Geographical Information System GoI Government of India GP Gram Panchayat GPS Global Positioning System GSI Geological Survey of India HADP Hill Areas Development Programme HRD human resource development ICT Information and Communication Technologies IEC information, education and communication IMIS Integrated Management Information System IT Information Technology IIH&PH Indian Institute of Hygiene and Public Health IIRS Indian Institute for Remote Sensing IIT Indian Institutes of Technology M&I Monitoring and Investigation MIS Management Information System MoU Memorandum of Understanding NGO Non-governmental organisation NGRI National Geophysical Research Institute NIC National Informatics Centre NICSI National Informatics Centre Services Inc. NICD National Institute of Communicable Diseases NIRD National Institute of Rural Development NPC National Project Committee

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MGNREGS Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme NRDWQM&S National Rural Drinking Water Quality Monitoring & Surveillance NRHM National Rural Health Mission NRSC National Remote Sensing Centre NRDWP National Rural Drinking Water Programme O&M operation and maintenance OBC Other Backward Classes PHC Primary Health Centre PHED Public Health Engineering Department PRI Panchayati Raj Institution R&D Research and Development RDBMS Relational Data Base Management System RGNDWM Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission SC Scheduled Caste SHG self help group SLSSC State Level Schemes Sanctioning Committee ST Scheduled Tribe STA State Technical Agency SWOT Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats SWSM State Water and Sanitation Mission TA travelling allowance TSC Total Sanitation Campaign UT Union Territory VAP Village Action Plan VWSC Village Water and Sanitation Committee WSSO Water and Sanitation Support Organisation WHO World Health Organisation WQM&S Water Quality Monitoring & Surveillance

Units of Measure

lpcd litres per capita per day m metre

ABBREVIATIONS

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To increase economic productivity and improve public health, there is an urgent need to immediately enhance access to safe and adequate drinking water

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1. National Goal

To provide every rural person with adequatesafe water for drinking, cooking and otherdomestic basic needs on a sustainable basis.This basic requirement should meet minimumwater quality standards and be readily andconveniently accessible at all times and in allsituations.

2. Basic Principles

Water is a public good and every personhas the right to demand drinking water.It is the lifeline activity of the Governmentto ensure that this basic need of the peopleis met.To increase economic productivity andimprove public health, there is an urgentneed to immediately enhance access tosafe and adequate drinking water andGovernment should give highest priority tothe meeting of this basic need for the mostvulnerable and deprived sections ofsociety.The ethic of fulfillment of drinking waterneeds to all should not be commercializedand denied to those who cannot afford topay for such service.Drinking water supply cannot be left to themarket forces alone. The importance ofproviding livelihood supply to all and itsvital linkage with the health of the peoplemust be recognized.As such, the emphasis is more on Public-Public Partnership (such as between GramPanchayat and PHED for in-village

National Policy Framework

distribution of drinking water) rather thancommercialization of drinking water supplyby private agencies.User charges of the water supply systemshould have an in-built component ofcross-subsidy to ensure that theeconomically backward groups are notdeprived of this basic minimum need.

3. Vision and Objectives

3.1. Vision

Safe drinking water for all, at all times,in rural India.

3.2. Objectives

To ensure permanent drinking watersecurity in rural India.To ensure drinking water security throughmeasures to improve/augment existingdrinking water sources and conjunctive useof groundwater, surface-water and rainwater harvesting based on village waterbudgeting and security plan prepared bythe community/local government.Delivery of services by the system for itsentire design period of quality of water inconformity with the prescribed standardsat both the supply and consumptionpoints.Issue of potability, reliability, sustainability,convenience, equity and consumerspreference to be the guiding principleswhile planning for a community basedwater supply system

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To enable communities to monitor andmaintain surveillance on their drinkingwater sources;To ensure that all schools and anganwadishave access to safe drinking water;To provide enabling environment forPanchayat Raj Institutions and localcommunities to manage their owndrinking water sources and systems;To provide access to information throughonline reporting mechanism withinformation placed in public domain tobring in transparency, accountability andinformed decision making;

4. Paradigm Shift

It is observed that water supply schemesdesigned to provide 40 lpcd for the entirepopulation in a habitation are often notproviding educate drinking water topeople living at the tail end of the schemesor throughout the year.As such there is a need to move ahead fromthe conventional norms of litres per capitaper day (lpcd) norms to ensure drinkingwater security for all in the community.While initiating this move from lpcd todrinking water security at the State, Districtand Village levels, it is important to ensurethat the basic minimum requirement at thehousehold level for drinking and cookingneeds and also for other household needsand cattle are met.Water supply for drinking and cookingshould maintain quality as per theprescribed as per BIS standards and forother household and animal needs, thewater should be of acceptable standard.To prevent contamination of drinkingwater in the conveyance system, it isadvisable to adopt 24 x 7 supply whereever possible. The cost of water supplyprovision beyond the basic minimum needmust be borne by the consumers.

To ensure this, it is important to maintainpotability and reliability of drinking waterquality standards both at the production(water treatment plant) as well as at theconsumption points (household level).Focus on personal hygiene, and properstorage at the house hold level i.e. at thefamily level will ensure reduction of diseaseburden leading to improved quality of lifeand well being of the community.For ensuring quality of water, Bureau ofIndian Standard (BIS) IS: 10500 wasformulated in 1990. World HealthOrganization has also issued modifiedGuidelines for Drinking Water Quality(2004) and Guidelines for safe use ofwastewater and grey water (2006). Both theguidelines adopted health based targetsetting approach.Health based target is based on the totalexposure of an individual to contaminationand moves from reliance on end producttesting of water quality to risk assessmentand risk management of water suppliescommonly known as 'water safety plan'.Water safety plan links the identification ofa water quality problem with a water safetysolution. It includes both water qualitytesting and also sanitary inspection todetermine appropriate control measures. Itis a quality assurance tool that ensuresprotection of the water quality from thecatchment to the consumer and from thetap to the toilet.Health based target needs to beestablished for using groundwater, surfacewater, rainwater and reused/recycled water.For each, the use rather than the sourceshould determine the quality of the watersupplied.This therefore emphasizes the need toestablish quality assurance programmes forwater supplies to reduce the potential riskof contamination of water supply. This hasbeen indicated under 'Water QualityMonitoring & Surveillance Programme’(Annexure III).

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Installation of a water supply system in ahabitation does not confer on thehabitation the status of a fully coveredhabitation unless every house hold in thehabitation has been fully covered withpotable water in sufficient quantity.To enable the community to plan,implement and manage their own watersupply systems, the State should transferthe program to the PRIs particularly to theGram Panchayats for management withinthe village.Based on the above, the "Accelerated RuralWater Supply Programme" has beenrenamed as "National Rural Drinking WaterProgramme (NRDWP)".

5. Steps to Ensure SourceSecurity

Because of its vulnerability under differentcircumstances, in order to achieve watersecurity at the individual household level,the water supply system should notdepend on a single source.During natural calamity or pollution ofdifferent sources, the single drinking watersource may either become non-potable orinaccessible resulting in acute shortage ofdrinking water availability to many,especially to the marginalised people andcattle.Water security involves conservation andstorage of water by utilising differentsources for different use viz. properlycollected and stored rainwater, treatedsurface water/ground water for drinkingand cooking, untreated water for bathingand washing and grey water/spent waterfor flushing of toilets.To ensure risk and vulnerability reductionon such occasions and to ensure reliabilityand sustainability, a good frame workshould consider different drinking water

sources accessible in different situationsand different points of time.Adopt 'Wise Management of Water' for theequitable use, management and allocationof water for domestic purpose whichinvolves optimizing the use of bothconventional and non-conventional waterresources and focuses on both 'waterquality and water quantity' by providingsolutions from the catchment to theconsumer.Adopting integrated approach by revival oftraditional systems, conjunctive use ofsurface and ground water, storage of rainwater harvesting both at the communitylevel and at the household level will ensurerisk and vulnerability reductionHarvesting and storage of rain water fordrinking both at the community level andat the household level will ensure drinkingwater security even in adverse conditionsfor a few months. With sufficient storagecapacity this may even be sufficient for thewhole year.For all ground water based water supplyschemes, whether old or new, groundwater recharging mechanism shouldconstitute an integral part of the systemdesign.For ground and surface drinking watersources, it is of utmost importance toprotect the catchment to prevent itspollution from human and animal excretaand other sources of bacteriologicalcontamination. Well designed bunds,channels, bed protection, and convergencewith Total Sanitation Campaign andMahatma Gandhi National RuralEmployment Guarantee Scheme for lowcost waste water management throughstabilization ponds, are a pre-requisite forground and surface drinking water sourceprotection.Convergence with the MGNREGS programfor construction of new ponds and

NATIONAL POLICY FRAMEWORK

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rejuvenation of the old ponds, includingde-silting, should be built into the systemdesign and execution.Excess rain water at the household andcommunity level should be recharged intothe ground aquifer wherever feasiblewhich will not only improve ground waterquality but will also ensure its adequacy.To ensure household level drinking watersecurity and potability, community stand-alone water purification systems could alsobe promoted.A suitable blend of all the aboveapproaches will lead to wise watermanagement of drinking water atcommunity level.

6. Long Term Sustainability

To ensure lifeline drinking water securityunder all circumstance and at all times, itmay be required to have an alternate subdistrict, district and or state level watersupply system in the form of a gridsupplying metered bulk water to GPs/village by adopting an appropriate systemof pricing. But this does not undermine thephilosophy of importance of multiplesources and conjunctive use of water.State or district or sub district level gridcould be in the form of major pipelines,canals or any other appropriate systemconnecting major water bodies/sources.Treatment could be at the delivery point orat the source.

7. Critical Issues

The major sector issues that need to betackled during the Eleventh Plan period canbe summarized as follows:

Despite the impressive coverage ofprovision of safe drinking water facilities inthe rural areas, there is considerable gap

between the designed service level forwhich the infrastructure has been createdand the service available at the householdlevel.The issue of sustainability of source andsystem for ensuring supply of potablewater are cited as the two majorconstraints in achieving the national goalof providing drinking water to all.Further, the programme has so far mainlybeen managed by the Government (exceptSwajaldhara projects), without activeparticipation of the stakeholders. This hasposed a hindrance to the development ofmore efficient and lower cost options forservice delivery and also denied anopportunity to users to exercise theiroptions as consumers to demand betterservice delivery.In the years to come, the rural water supplyprogramme will face serious challenges byway of meeting the expanding needs of afast growing population, increasingdemand for higher service levelsaccompanied by rapid depletion of freshwater availability due to climate change.Factors which have contributed to therapid deterioration of the water supplyfacilities resulting in non availability of thedesigned service are: over dependence onground water and depletion of groundwater levels which also increases theincidence of quality problems; sourcesgoing dry leading to systems becomingdefunct due to competing demands ofground water from other sectors, poorrecharge, large scale deforestation and lackof protection of catchment areas, heavyemphasis on creation of new infrastructurebut poor attention to the maintenance ofexisting systems; poor ownership of watersupply systems and sources by the ruralcommunity and poor operation andmaintenance; neglect of traditional watersources, systems and management practices.

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Agriculture uses nearly four-fifths of thefresh water and various studies indicatethat current farming practices waste atleast 60 percent of this water. In waterscarce areas foods/grain products that aresent to other parts of the country ascommercial commodity takes away largequantity of water (about 3,000 litres ofwater required to grow 1 kg. of rice) fromthat area through these products, by whatis known as 'virtual water' transfers. There isenormous scope for improvement byadopting community ground watermonitoring, crop water budgeting andsocial regulation of water for ensuring freshwater availability for drinking on asustainable basis in water scarce areas.In the context of resource constraints andcompeting demands on resources andinter se priorities, it is unlikely that theGovernment alone would be able to meetthe challenge. The cost sharingarrangements should encourageinvolvement of the Central Government,State Government, PRIs, beneficiaries andother stakeholders. The PRIs need to ownand manage the drinking water supplysystems created.

8. Norms

To make norms and guidelines broad-based and allow flexibility to thecommunity to plan water supply schemesbased on their needs and to suit the localrequirement, it is recommended thatdesirable service level should be decided inconsultation with the community.Level of service should be linked to theissue of demand, commonly expressedthrough user's basic need for a particularlevel of service and satisfaction athousehold level on sustainable basis.The goal should be to move up the WaterLadder of service delivery so that

ultimately all rural households are providedwith adequate piped safe drinking watersupply within the household premises. Thisis necessary to relieve women and girlsespecially, from the drudgery of fetchingwater, address malnutrition issues, andincrease the time available for educationand leisure, while also preventingcontamination likely while fetching waterfrom a distant source.The basic minimum level of potabledrinking water supply in rural areas thathas been adhered to since the inception ofARWSP is given at Annexure I.A habitation in which all the households donot have the basic minimum drinkingwater facility of potable quality at aconvenient location on a sustainable basisis to be considered as uncovered.There is no distinction between habitationsnot covered due to quality or quantityaspects since in either case the same stepsare to be taken to provide alternatepotable and adequate water to thehousehold.Coverage of a particular habitation shouldbe indicated based on these criteria.The issue of equity and basic minimumneeds is to be considered while designingthe schemes and planning investment.

NATIONAL POLICY FRAMEWORK

UnprotectedSource, shallowhandpumps, canals

WellsProtectedSprings

TubewellsHandpumps

Standposts

HouseholdConnectionIndividual &Multiple

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The fundamental basis on which drinking water security can beensured is the decentralized approach through Panchayati RajInstitutions (PRIs) and community involvement.

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9. Modified Programme

9.1. Modification

Household level drinking water security

Starting with the Eleventh Plan, theendeavor is to achieve drinking watersecurity at the household level. Averageper capita availability may not necessarilymean assured access to potable drinkingwater to all sections of the population inthe habitation.Under the plan, all the remaining habitationswith population coverage from 0%population coverage to below 100%population coverage and existing and newlyidentified quality affected habitations are tobe covered, sustainability of water supplyschemes has to be ensured and “slip backs”are to be contained. Priority has to be givento coverage of 0% and 0-25% populationcoverage habitations and quality affectedhabitations in planning.The maintenance of water supply systems,ensuring water quality, reliability andconvenience of availability to every ruralhousehold in an equitable manner hasbeen given priority.

Conjunctive use of water

To move from over-dependence on onesource of drinking water to the conjunctiveuse from several sources, viz., ground,surface water and rainwater harvestingincluding recharge/roof water collectionand bulk transfer through pipelines.

The Programme

Decentralised approach

The fundamental basis on which drinkingwater security can be ensured is thedecentralized approach throughPanchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) andcommunity involvement.This needs to be achieved in Mission modeby involving the community and at thesame time enriching their knowledge andskills in a way that rural households andcommunities are truly empowered tomanage and maintain their drinking watersources and systems.It is necessary to build a warehouse ofinformation and knowledge at the Stateand district levels which can regularlycontribute to bringing the “hardware” oftechnologies–conventional/unconventional/innovative systems ofwater supply and link the same to the“software” of skills, knowledge,enthusiasm and desire for ownership ofthe water supply projects by thecommunities and Panchayati RajInstitutions themselves.The in-village water supply schemes to beplanned, approved, implemented,managed, operated and maintained by thePRIs and local community;The State Government and/ or its agencies/public utilities may shoulder theresponsibility of bulk metered transfer ofwater, its treatment and distribution up tothe village, whereas inside the village, it isthe PRI or its sub-committee i.e. VillageWater and Sanitation Committee (VWSC)/Pani Samiti that is to take over the

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responsibility for in-village drinking watermanagement and distribution;Government to play the role of facilitatorand with the help of NGOs/CBOs and civilsociety build the capacity of localcommunity/PRIs to manage the in-villagewater supply systems and sources;Transfer existing drinking water supplysystems to communities and PRIs formanagement, operation and maintenance,Reward good performance andachievement of sustainabilityActivity mapping should be carried outindicating the process, time frame andincremental improvement towards transferof “funds, functions and functionaries” tothe three tiers of Panchayati Raj in such away as to enable them to plan, implementand manage the rural water supplyprogramme.Local planning involves preparing thecommunity and even household levelsupply plan taking into consideration theavailable natural resources, skill andpotentialities. Training of PRI functionariesand Village Water and SanitationCommittee (VWSC) members is veryessential for local planning and should beadequately provided for.

9.2. Components of the NRDWP

To meet the emerging challenges in the ruraldrinking water sector relating to availability,sustainability and quality, the componentsunder the programme will be as follows:

i) COVERAGE for providing safe and adequatedrinking water supply to unserved, partiallyserved and slipped back habitations,

ii) SUSTAINABILITY to encourage States toachieve drinking water security at the locallevel,

iii) Provide potable drinking water to waterQUALITY affected habitations

iv) DESERT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME(DDP) areas to tackle the extremeconditions of low rainfall and poor wateravailability,

v) Mitigate drinking water problems in ruralareas in the wake of NATURAL CALAMITIES,

vi) OPERATION & MAINTENANCE (O&M) forexpenditure on running, repair andreplacement costs of drinking water supplyprojects, and

vii)SUPPORT activities.

(i) At the Central Level

NRDWP (Coverage): 30% of the annualNRDWP funds will be allocated forCoverage, which will be allocated amongstStates/UTs on the basis of prescribed inter-state allocation criteria. The fundingpattern for this component will be on 50:50basis except for the North–East States andJammu & Kashmir for which the fundingpattern will be on 90:10 basis between theCentre and the States.NRDWP (Water Quality): 20% of the annualNRDWP funds will be allocated for tacklingwater quality problems to enable ruralcommunities to have access to potabledrinking water. The funding pattern for thiscomponent will be on 50:50 basis exceptfor the North–East States and Jammu &Kashmir for which, funding pattern will beon 90:10 basis between the Centre and theStates.Operation and Maintenance: 10% NRDWPfunds will be allocated to be used by theStates/UTs on O&M of rural drinking watersupply schemes. The funding pattern forthis component will be on 50:50 basisexcept for the North–East States andJammu & Kashmir for which, fundingpattern will be on 90:10 basis between theCentre and the States.NRDWP (Sustainability) – 20% of theNRDWP funds will be earmarked for this

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component on a 100% Central sharebasis to be allocated among States/UTs,which will be used to encourage States/UTs to achieve drinking water securitythrough sustainability of sources andsystems. This component will beimplemented in the form ofdecentralized, community-managed,demand-driven programme on broadSwajaldhara principles whereininnovations will be encouraged. Capitalcost sharing by the community is left tothe state to decide. The component willbe funded fully by the Center (Stateshare not required for the component).States will be required to prepare district-wise Drinking Water Security Plan andfunds under NRDWP will be used to fundthe gap in the plan.NRDWP (DDP Areas): 10% of the annualNRDWP allocation will be assignedamongst States having DDP blocks/districts. This will be funded on 100%Central share basis.NRDWP (Support): 5% of NRDWP fundson a 100% Central share basis will beused for different support activitieswhich will be required to be carried outin order to enable the rural communitiesto have access to assured availability ofpotable drinking water, use of advancedtechnology, viz. satellite data/ imagery;GIS mapping; MIS and computerization;etc. and other sector support activities,viz. water quality monitoring &surveillance programme; IEC; watertesting laboratories; HRD in the sector;training, conferences, seminar, R&Dactivities, CCDU, etc.NRDWP (Natural calamity): 5% of theNRDWP funds will be retained by DDWSand used for providing assistance to States/UTs to mitigate drinking water problems inthe rural areas in the wake of naturalcalamities.

(ii) At the State Level

At the State level the programme fundsavailable for different components will be asfollows:

10% for O&M with 50:50 cost sharingbetween Centre & State except for theNorth–East States and Jammu & Kashmirfor which, funding pattern will be on 90:10basis between the Centre and the States.20% for sustainability and 5% for supportactivities as 100% grant in aid from Centre.45% for coverage and 20% for waterquality on 50:50 cost sharing except for theNorth–East States and Jammu & Kashmirfor which the funding pattern will be on90:10 basis between the Centre and theStates.Funds released to the State for the year inwake of natural calamity, if any, as 100%grant in aid from Centre.

9.3. Flexible Policy

There will be incentives for States todecentralize and hand over water supplysystems for management, operation andmaintenance to Gram Panchayat. Sincethere is a wide variation among States inthe number of habitations having waterquality problems and left over uncoveredhabitations, funds under differentcomponents of NRDWP, viz. Coverage andWater Quality will be allocated to States/UTs with the flexibility to choose thecomponent(s) under which, they would likethe funding to be provided. As such up to65% of the funds available at State levelcan be used for tackling coverage orwater quality.The allocation for Sustainabilitycomponent is limited to 20% on a 100%grant–in aid basis. States that propose toutilize less than 20% against the

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Sustainability component will have tofurnish justification to DDWS for decision inthe matter.The allocation for Sustainability will beused exclusively to achieve drinking watersecurity by adopting conjunctive use ofsurface water, rain water and ground waterand construction of water rechargingstructures with major emphasis on waterquality affected areas, overexploited,critical and semi-critical areas as specifiedby CGWB, and any other area that the StateGovernment has identified as waterstressed area. Basic Swajaldhara principlesof community and PRI based planning,implementation and management of theschemes are to be adopted. Under thiscomponent preparation of Village WaterSecurity Plan will be necessary. Guidelinesfor planning and implementation ofSustainability projects are at Annexure II.For taking up sustainability projects it is tobe ensured that the existing and proposedrural drinking water sources are directlyrecharged and for that the detailed manualon “Mobilising Technology forSustainability” issued by the Department ofDrinking Water Supply, Government ofIndia may be referred for planning, designand implementation of such projects .There are many fields where technicalsupport would be required by the States to

achieve the long term goal of the sector.Thus, support for water quality monitoring& surveillance, water testing laboratory,information, education andcommunication, human resourcedevelopment, engaging State TechnicalAgency for preparation of projects,technical scrutiny and evaluation of ruralwater supply schemes can be accessedunder NRDWP. Hydro-geo-morphologicalmaps, satellite-data imagery, GIS mappingsystems, use of GPS system for uniqueidentification of habitations and watersources and delivery points, support forsuccessfully deploying the central onlinemonitoring system (IMIS) and such otheractivities will also be supported.Expenditure will be met within the 5%Support Fund assigned to the States.

9.4. Criteria for Allocation of Fundsunder NRDWP

Criteria for allocation of funds to the Statesunder the NRDWP w.e.f. 25.2.2010 will be asunder:

In case of NRDWP (DDP Areas), the criteriafor allocation of funds would be the sameas that for the other components exceptthat the relevant information pertaining torural areas of DDP blocks would be

S. No. Criteria Weightage (in %)

i.) Rural population 40ii) Rural SC and ST population 10ii) States under DDP, DPAP, HADP and special category

Hill States in terms of rural areas 40iv) Rural population managing rural drinking water 10

supply schemes

Total 100

* Within the DDP areas, considering the ratio of the population supported in these two areas, Hot Desert Areas would be givenweightage of 90% and Cold Desert areas would be given weightage of 10%.

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considered. The Desert DevelopmentProgramme was in operation in 131 blocksof 21 districts in 5 States up to 1994-95. Onthe recommendations of the HanumanthaRao Committee, 32 new blocks werebrought within the purview of theprogramme and 64 blocks were transferredfrom DPAP. Consequently, coverage of theprogramme was extended to 227 blocks ofthe country w.e.f. 1.4.1995. With thereorganization of districts and blocks, theprogramme is under implementation in235 blocks of 40 districts in 7 States. TheStates Government Agency in charge ofRural Water Supply Programme shouldensure that funds released for DDP blocksare released to the respective districtwithin which the DDP blocks falls, fortaking up rural water supply projects inthese blocks only. The States where DDP isunder implementation along with thenumber of blocks and area are indicated inthe table below:The allocation of Central assistance underthe NRDWP for a financial year would becommunicated to the States/UTs at thebeginning of the financial year.

9.5. Incentive Funds

In the criteria for allocation of funds toStates/UTs, 10% weightage has been given

for “rural population managing ruraldrinking water supply schemes”.This criterion for allocation will be used asincentive to States for decentralization andreforms in the sector.To encourage the States to bring inreforms and decentralize the ruraldrinking water supply sector, the States/UTswould provide the detailed informationregarding “rural population managing ruraldrinking water supply schemes” before 31stMarch every year to enable the Departmentto finalize the allocation in the beginning ofthe next financial year.To achieve this ‘Activity mapping’ should becarried out clearly indicating the process,time frame and incremental improvementtowards transfer of “funds, functions andfunctionaries” to the three tiers ofPanchayati Raj Institutions.From this Incentive fund, States/UTs maytake up innovative projects to further theongoing decentralization process.

9.6. O&M Fund

The 13th Central Finance Commission hasrecommended separate grants to PRIs,which could be used to partly meet theoperation and maintenance expenditureincurred by the PRIs on ensuring potabledrinking water supply.

S. State Number of Number Area inNo. Districts of Blocks sq. kms.

1. Andhra Pradesh 1 16 191362. Gujarat 6 52 554243. Haryana 7 45 205424. Himachal Pradesh 2 3 351075. Jammu & Kashmir 2 12 967016. Karnataka 6 22 322957. Rajasthan 16 85 198744

Total 40 235 457949

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10% NRDWP fund will be allocated amongStates/UTs for O&M and States/UTs willmake matching contribution, which alongwith funds provided under the FinanceCommission’s recommendations as grantsto PRIs will be used to meet the O&Mexpenditure on drinking water supply. Itwould be desirable to deposit such O&Mcontributions in a corpus fund linked to theproject operated by PRI itself.All water supply schemes within the GPshall be maintained by the GramPanchayat. For multi –village or bulk watersupply schemes the source, treatmentplants, rising mains etc., shall bemaintained by PHED or the concernedagency while the distribution and othercomponents within the village are to bemaintained by the GP. State Governmentsshall endeavor to develop sustainablesources of funding for maintenance of ruralwater supply schemes and shall ensure thatthe Central and State Finance Commissionand O&M funds release by DDWS isproperly utilized.

9.7. Provision of Drinking Water inRural Schools & Anganwadis

All the States are required to compile datafrom the State Education Department andWomen and Child DevelopmentDepartment regarding the rural schools &anganwadis in existence and the numberof them having drinking water facilities andfeed this data online in the IMIS.The remaining Government rural schoolsand Anganwadis (located in Government /community buildings) are to beprovided with drinking water facilities byend 2010-11.A part of this work will be accomplishedthrough the funds provided by CentralFinance Commission and the rest wouldhave to be covered under the NRDWP, in

addition to the work of covering uncoveredhabitations.Expenditure for this purpose would also beshared by the Central and StateGovernment on 50:50 basis from the fundsallocated for NRDWP (Coverage).States would be required to fix targets forcoverage of rural schools and reportachievements online to the DDWS on amonthly basis.This activity is to be carried out incoordination with SSA, ICDS, NRHM andDepartment of Social Welfare.

9.8. Public Facilities for DrinkingWater

In the rural context, drinking water is to beprovided under NRDWP to every publicplace, including school, anganwadi, publicbuilding, PRI office, community halls,markets, temples, religious institutions,market places, mela ground, cremationground etc,.Provision of drinking water facilities willalso address the needs of floatingpopulation by installing street stand postsat convenient locations.

9.9. Earmarking of Funds for SCs andSTs/SCP and TSP Component

To accelerate the assured availability ofpotable drinking water on a sustainablebasis in SC and ST dominant habitations,the States/UTs are required to earmark atleast 25% of the NRDWP funds for drinkingwater supply to the SC dominatedhabitations and a minimum of 10% for theST dominated habitations. Habitations inwhich more than 40% of the populationbelongs to SCs are considered as SCdominated and with more than 40% STsare considered as ST dominated.States that have achieved full coverage of

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SC/ ST households with adequate safedrinking water as per the State norms mayincur lower level of expenditure on SC/STbut not in any case below the percentageof SC and ST population in the State.Where the percentage of SC or STpopulation in a particular State is high andwarrants earmarking/utilization of morethan the stipulated provisions, additionalfunds may be utilized.The State Governments/UT Administrationmay separately monitor the status ofassured availability of potable drinkingwater in SC/ST habitations.

9.10. Gender Empowerment andBudgeting

Women generally manage domestic water,and an essential ingredient of communityparticipation is to improve women’sinvolvement in the democratic decision-making process.Since women are the principal beneficiariesof this programme and are the pivotaround whom sustainability revolves, it isof critical importance that women areinvolved at all the stages of planning,implementation and management of ruralwater supply schemes.Women’s associations could provide astrong framework for communityparticipation.Handpump mistries under various skilldevelopment programmes and othertraining schemes should also include womenof the local areas/habitations as they can takebetter care of the operation andmaintenance of the handpumps than others.There should be women caretakers forhandpumps in the habitations.Certificate about satisfactory completion ofthe schemes may be obtained from womengroups in the habitations.Women, especially those belonging to SCs,

STs and OBCs, should constitute at least50% of the members of the Village Waterand Sanitation Committees (VWSC).VWSC is the Standing Committee of theGram Panchayat except for 6th ScheduleAreas. Provision for participation ofrepresentatives of SCs, STs and otherbackward classes in VWSC should be apriority.

10. Support Activities

NRDWP (Support): 5% of NRDWP funds willreleased to States every year for undertakingsoftware support activities. No additional fundwill be provided by GoI for these activitiesbeyond the allocated amount. All the Supportactivities indicated below are likely to

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continue for the 12th Five Year Plan also. Forthis, each State should set up a properlystaffed Water and Sanitation SupportOrganisation (WSSO) under the State Waterand Sanitation Mission. WSSOs have to bestaffed by experts in social development,human resource development, communicationand IT skills and other areas as required bythem in addition to engineering and technicalstaff that they may already be having; Thesefunds will be utilised, inter alia, for

i) Providing support for awareness creationand training activities taken up by theCommunication and CapacityDevelopment Units (CCDU) under theWSSO;

ii) Setting up district and sub divisional waterquality testing labs and supply of field testkits and training to grass root level workersfor simple water quality tests;

iii) Providing hardware and software supportfor MIS at the district and sub divisionallevel to bring in more accountability,effective monitoring and transparency indelivery of services.

Activities to be under taken by the Statesunder this fund are mentioned below:

10.1. Water Quality Monitoring &Surveillance (WQM&S)

Under the National Rural Drinking WaterProgramme the issue of Water QualityMonitoring & Surveillance has been given dueemphasis. The monitoring and surveillanceresults from the habitations are also to be puton the database of the Department andmonitored to ensure drinking water security atthe household level.

The National Rural Water Quality Monitoring &Surveillance Programme launched in February2005 has now been merged with NRDWP.

Detailed WQM&S Guideline is at Annexure III.Broadly, the programme is as follows:

– The approach, strategy and mode ofimplementation of the WQM&Sprogramme as detailed in the“Implementation Manual on National RuralWater Quality Monitoring & SurveillanceProgramme” issued by RGNDWM,Department of Drinking Water Supply,Ministry of Rural Development,Government of India (November 2004)needs to be adopted.

– All drinking water sources should be testedat least twice a year for bacteriologicalcontamination and once a year forchemical contamination.

– Under NRDWP, States may establish WaterTesting Laboratories at the Sub- Divisionlevel with a provision of testing fewselected chemical parameters (need based)and biological parameters. Under NRHMthere is a provision of testing water quality(biological parameters) at the PrimaryHealth Centers. Such facilities, along withany other labs like college/school labs, inthe area, may be used for the programme.

– The existing Field Testing Kits (FTK) maycontinue to be used for primary detectionof chemical and biological contaminationof all the drinking water sources in thevillages. Fund provided for procurement ofFTKs under National Rural Water QualityMonitoring & Surveillance Programmelaunched in February 2005 should be fullyutilized.

– IEC and HRD for WQM&S are to be taken upas part of the CCDU activities.

– The services of five GP level persons whohave been trained under National RuralDrinking Water Quality Monitoring &Surveillance programme since February2006 i.e. ASHA, Anganwadi Workers, SchoolTeachers, GP members, Social Workers etc.will continue to be utilized for thesurveillance programme.

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– Monitoring is to be done by entering thetest results of all sources tested by thedesignated labs on the IMIS of DDWS. Thehabitation and household data must becollected by two village level members (i)VWSC member selected in the Gram Sabhaand fully accountable to the Panchayat and(ii) ASHA of NRHM. They will alsoauthenticate the test results of Field TestKits used in the village.

10.2. Communication and CapacityDevelopment

The HRD and IEC programmes under the ruralwater supply programme have been mergedin 2004-05 and GoI provides 100% grant-in aidto establish Communication and CapacityDevelopment Unit (CCDU) in all States/UTs.Before taking up piped water supply projectsin a village, VWSC should be formed, theirmembers trained and they should be involvedin selection of source and system, estimatingdemand quantity, planning, monitoring,construction and in operation andmaintenance. This requires targeted IEC andHRD activities in such villages. The aim is tocreate awareness among rural people on allaspects of rural water supply and its relatedissues and to enhance the capacity of thePanchayati Raj Institutions/Local Bodies/VWSCwith the objective of enabling them to take upplanning, implementation and operation andmaintenance activities related to rural watersupply systems. NRDWP (Support) funds willbe provided for activities under the CCDU, asper the guidelines given in Annexure IV.

10.3. Management InformationSystem

For effective planning, monitoring andimplementation of NRDWP, InformationTechnology (IT) based Management InformationSystem provides the following support:-

Maintenance of habitation -level status ofwater supply data to ensure planning andmonitoring at micro and macro level.Assistance for computer facilities up to sub-division level, in phases, to ensure latesttechnology for processing and storing datain an RDBMS and its communication fromone office to another through Internet.Assistance for development of villagebased GIS maps and its storage andprocessing, including procurement ofdigital maps from Survey of India andprocurement of GPS instruments foridentification and capture of the location ofdrinking water sources.Development and maintenance ofcustomized software for enabling Statesand UTs to fully utilise the computingpower for planning, monitoring andimplementation of various activities in thesector and making the relevant dataavailable at the central server through theIMIS application.NRDWP (Support) funds will be providedfor MIS activities. Guideline on MIS andComputerization project is given inAnnexure IV.

10.4. Research and Development

With the new issues and challengesemerging in the rural drinking water andsanitation sector, a Research &Development Advisory Committee (RDAC)has been set up under the Chairpersonshipof Secretary, Department of Drinking WaterSupply, Ministry of Rural Development,Government of India. The functions of theResearch & Development AdvisoryCommittee (RDAC) on rural drinking waterand sanitation sector will be, interalia:i) Identify field problems from the user

departments and communityorganizations, viz. Non GovernmentalOrganizations (NGOs) Community-

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based organization (CBOs), voluntaryagencies, etc.

ii) Generate new ideas for research,development and innovation, and fixpriority for such projects and decidethrust areas.

iii) Identify institutions and scientists forspecific research, development,innovation and pilot projects, and invitethem to submit proposals.

iv) Help the identified scientists/organizations to formulate inter-sectoraland multi-disciplinary research projectsrelevant to the sector.

v) Help the Department to prepare specializedand emerging science and technologyrelated documents of current interest.

vi) Advise the Department on all suchmatters which will be helpful inpromoting and adopting usefultechnology as well as research anddevelopmental activities with specificreference to rural water supply andsanitation sectors.

vii)Promote convergence with otheragencies involved in similar activitiesand dovetail the same for the benefit ofthe WATSAN sector.

In order to consider/ approve the Researchand Development projects on RuralDrinking Water and Sanitation, it has beendecided to constitute a Project SanctioningCommittee under the Chairpersonship ofSecretary, Department of Drinking WaterSupply, Ministry of Rural Development,Government of India. The Committee willconsider the recommendations of theResearch and Development AdvisoryCommittee (RDAC) while approving theprojects.To strengthen the R&D facilities in theconcerned Departments in various States,

State Governments are encouraged toestablish R&D cells with adequatemanpower and infrastructure. R&D Cells arerequired to remain in touch with thepremier State Technical Agency.The network of technical institutions mayfollow the guidelines issued by theDepartment from time to time for effectiveimplementation of the rural water supplyprogramme. R&D Cells are also required tobe in link with the Monitoring andInvestigation Unit and study theMonitoring and Evaluation Study Reportsfor initiating appropriate follow up action.The R&D Cell should keep in touch with thedocumentation and information centre ofthe DDWS.Guideline indicating the thrust areas ofR&D is at Annexure VI.

10.5. Programme and ProjectMonitoring and Evaluation

Central Government takes up monitoring andevaluation studies through reputedorganizations / institutions from time to time.

The State Governments may also take upsimilar monitoring and evaluation studieson the implementation of the rural watersupply programme. Such proposal needsto be approved in the SLSSC meeting.100% financial assistance will be providedby the Centre to the States for taking upsuch evaluation studies under Supportactivities fund.The reports of these studies should bemade available to the Department andimmediate corrective action should beinitiated as a follow up to improve thequality of programme implementation.

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11. Other Support Activities

11.1. Rigs and Hydro FracturingUnits

The expenditure for purchase of Rigs/Hydro fracturing units would be made bythe Central Government and StateGovernment on 50:50 basis from thenormal NRDWP fund.A rig monitoring plan for the State shouldbe drawn up at the beginning of the yearto effect optimum utilisation of thesemachines and the crew.

11.2. Monitoring and InvestigationUnits

A special monitoring cell and investigationunit at the State headquarters should beset up and headed by a well qualified andsenior officer with necessary supportingstaff.The Monitoring unit shall be responsiblefor collecting information either online orthrough hard copies from the executingagencies through prescribed reports andreturns (Progress Monitoring System),maintenance of the data and timelysubmission of the prescribed data onlineto the Central Government by due dates.The unit shall also be responsible formonitoring aspects of quality of water,adequacy of service and other relatedqualitative aspects of the programme atthe field level.The Unit shall also maintain water qualitydata in coordination with the concernedDepartment, Central/State Ground WaterBoard. Details of different technologiesdeveloped by institutions for tacklingdifferent problems should be provided bythe Unit to the field level executing agencies.The Monitoring and Investigation Unitsshould also have technical posts of

hydrologists, geophysicist, computerspecialists with data entry operators, etc.A Quality Control Unit should be anintegral part of M&I Units and should workin coordination with the R&D Cell. This unitwill be responsible for controlling/regulating the quality of constructionworks in water supply schemes and willensure practical application of latesttechnologies in the field.The expenditure will be borne .by theCentral Government and the StateGovernments on 50:50 sharing basis. TheCentral share will be met from the NRDWP(Support) funds.

11.3. External Support Agencies

Various external support agencies like WorldBank, Japan Bank for InternationalCooperation, KFW etc. are willing to supportprojects in the rural water supply sector. Statesthat desire to avail such assistance mayprepare project proposals as explained below:

Projects submitted for external fundingshould include a strong component forinstitutionalizing community-baseddemand driven Rural Water SupplyProgramme with cost sharing by thecommunities, gradually replacing thecurrent government supply driven centrallymonitored non- participating programme.These projects should address softwareactivity needs, drinking water supply,sustainability measures, enabling targetcommunities to become open-defecationfree, environmental sanitation, healtheducation, income generating activities, etc.Approval of State Finance and PlanningDepartments should be obtained to ensurethat the proposal has been scrutinized forits viability.The progress should be monitored at thelevel of Secretary in the State to ensure thecompletion of projects on time to avoidcost overrun and to take appropriateremedial measures.

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The Department of Drinking Water Supply is to conduct regularMonitoring and Evaluation of the implementation and impact ofthe rural water supply programme in the States.

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12. Institutional Set Up

12.1. National Level

The Department of Drinking Water Supply to

– Provide policy guidance and financial andtechnical support to the States.

– Conduct regular Monitoring and Evaluationof the implementation and impact of therural water supply programme in theStates.

– Support the States in setting up WSSO asper the NRDWP guidelines.

– Assist the States in case of naturaldisaster for restoration of damaged watersupply systems.

12.2. National Technical SupportAgencies

To assist the DDWS and State RWS&SDepartment(s) prepare and advise onspecialized and emerging science andtechnology issues as well as research anddevelopment activities with specific referenceto the rural water and sanitation sector thefollowing National Agencies have beenidentified:

– All Central Council of Scientific andIndustrial Research (CSIR) Laboratories andOrganizations viz., CSMCRI (Bhavnagar),ITRC (Lucknow), CMERI (Durgapur), NCL(Pune), NEERI (Nagpur) etc.

– Central Ground Water Board (CGWB)– Geological Survey of India (GSI)

Delivery Mechanism

– Department of Science and Technology(GoI)

– Department of Space Technology (GoI)– Central Water Commission (CWC)– National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC)– National Institute of Communicable

Diseases (NICD)– National Institute of Rural Development

(NIRD)– National Arid Zone Research Institute

(Jodhpur)– Centre for Science and Environment (CSE)– Centre for Environment and Education

(CEE)– Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT)– Indian Institute of Science (IISc)– Regional Engineering Colleges (REC)– India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health

(IIH&PH)– Any other Central Agency dealing with

RWS&S sector development.

12.3. Role of National InformaticsCentre

National Informatics Centre (NIC), at NewDelhi would act as technical consultant for theDDWS at the center and State NIC would actas technical adviser to the State Governmentand would primarily be responsible forextending support to the states in terms of e-governance requirements.

– NIC will also maintain the central databasesand will be responsible for maintainingthe National Rural Habitation Directory ofthe country.

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– The role of NIC will also encompass theactivity of standardisation of location andother codes thereby enabling building oftwo way linkages with the state databaseon the basis of standard codes.

– The states governments must strictly followthis coding pattern for achieving this goalof interoperability between the state andcentral MIS.

– The State level NIC Officer is the member ofthe SLSSC Committee for MIS andComputerization projects only and cansupport the State Government as e-governance/ICT consultant for IT relatedactivities.

– At the State level, NIC state unit will extendtechnical support to the MIS programme ofthe state, including development ofsoftware applications and training as permutually agreed proposals.

12.4. State Level

Public Health Engineering Departments/RuralWater Supply and Sanitation Departments/Boards are the primary executing agencies forcommissioning rural water supply schemes atthe state level. The changed water resourcesituation and need to adopt decentralizedstrategy emphasizing a user-driven demand-oriented approach necessitates theseEngineering Departments to have a greaterunderstanding about communicationmethodologies, PRA techniques and shiftingtheir role to one of facilitator rather than just aservice provider. For this, it will be necessary tostrengthen and restructure the existing PHEDs/Boards by making them responsive to the needsof the community and the evolving scenario bystudying their strengths and weaknesses.

Each State is to have the following Institutions:

State Water and Sanitation Mission (SWSM).State Level Scheme SanctioningCommittee (SLSSC).

State Technical Agency (STA).Water and Sanitation Support Organization(WSSO).

The composition and functions of each ofthese bodies is indicated at Annexure VII.

12.5. District Level

A District Water and Sanitation Mission(DWSM) shall be constituted at the districtlevel and should function under thesupervision, control and guidance of ZillaPanchayat/Parishad. States which do not havea proper PRI set up in place, as in case of 6th

Schedule Area and desire to supervise theworking of the DWSM through alternativemechanism, may put in place a suitable bodythrough which the District Water Security Planwill be prepared and implemented. The villagewater security plans should be analyzed andconsolidated at the district level by DWSM. Itshould prepare a district based water securityplan for implementation. At the district level,convergence of all the other relatedprogrammes and funding should be ensured.Some of the major related programmes areMGNREGS, Integrated WatershedManagement projects of Department of LandResources, Ministry of Rural Development,Central and State Finance Commission funds,NRHM, various Watershed and Irrigationschemes of the Ministry of Agriculture, variousschemes of the Ministry of Water Resourcesetc. The composition and functions of DWSMare indicated at Annexure VII.

12.6. Village/Gram Panchayat Level

A Village Water and Sanitation Committee(VWSC) is to be set up as a standingcommittee in each Gram Panchayat forplanning, monitoring, implementation andoperation and maintenance of their WaterSupply Scheme to ensure active participation

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of the villagers. This Committee may bemerged with the Village Health Committee setup under NRHM, so that water, sanitation andhealth issues are tackled together at thevillage level. The membership of a VWSC mayconsist of about 6 to 12 persons, comprisingelected members of the Panchayat, womenwith due representation to SCs, STs andpoorer sections of the village. This Committeeshall function as a Standing Committee onWater and Sanitation of the Gram Panchayatand should be an integral part of the VillagePanchayat. The composition and functions ofthe VWSCs can be regulated by a set ofby-laws under the State Panchayati Raj Act.

12.7. Role of NGOs and CSOs

The experience gained under the Swajaldharaand externally supported projects in ruralwater supply sector revealed that NGOs andCivil Society Organisations have played amajor role in community mobilisation andassisting the community in planning andmanagement of the water supply schemes.They can also play a role in the followingactivities:

Information Dissemination: NGOs andCSOs can inform communities throughdiverse, effective and multiplecommunication methods about theguidelines and their roles, powers andresponsibility in participating andcontributing to the programme.Institutional building: CSOs can play animportant role in building up institutionson the planning, managerial, technical,maintenance and social engineeringaspects from the Gram Sabha and GramPanchayat, right up to the institutions setup at the district and state level. Grass rootorganisations can provide tremendoussupport to the Gram Sabha for collective

action and to the PRIs so that they areenabled to effectively implement theprovisions of the guidelines.Engagement at state level: CSOs can beinvolved in developing state mechanismsand plans for operationalising theprogramme in its true spirit. This will helpin an objective analysis of the bottlenecksas well as identification of appropriatesolutions.Planning and technical support: SeveralCSOs have considerable technicalexperience gained from working on waterresources, watershed and other relatedprogrammes. Wherever, possible, thisexperience should be utilised, especially formaking the village water security plans.Monitoring: The community through theGram Sabha and SHGs must beempowered to monitor the programme.This empowerment process can befacilitated by CSOs and NGOs.

Institutionalisation of engagement: Thefacilitative capacities of NGOs in the abovementioned areas need to be institutionalisedin the entire process and effort. For this, thereneeds to be space for civil societyorganisations, who are partners in theprocess, with clarity on their roles andresponsibilities.

Selection of CSOs: The CSOs must be selectedby a transparent and fair process and based onability and capacity. The state may define theeligibility or qualifying criteria for selection ofCSOs keeping in view the state specificsituation. The CSO selected should be active inthe proposed area of operation.

Capacity building of CSOs: Adequate resourcesneed to be allocated so that the capacities ofCSOs are built, so that they are facilitated andempowered to carry out their responsibilities.

DELIVERY MECHANISM

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A water safety plan, performance improvement plan whenaugmenting existing infrastructure and an operational plan foroperating the scheme will be part of the VWSP.

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13. Village and District WaterSecurity Plan

In many States, Gram Panchayats or theirSub-committee i.e. Village Water andSanitation Committee have become fullyresponsible for planning, implementation,management, operation and maintenanceof the rural water supply systems.Village level planning including waterbudgeting is the key factor in ensuringoptimum utilization of water.Appropriate institutional support isrequired to facilitate the process ofpreparation of Village Water Security Plan(VWSP), which is to be prepared by thevillage community with the help of NGOs.Village Water Security Plan will be prepared,which inter alia, will include thedemographic, physical features, watersources, and other details of the village;available drinking water infrastructure andgaps; proposed work to augment theexisting infrastructure and water sources;funding by dovetailing various fundsavailable at village level and requirement offunds from rural water supply programmes.The VWSP will also have details ofmanagement, operation and maintenanceof the systems and sources. A water safetyplan, performance improvement planwhen augmenting existing infrastructureand an operational plan for operating thescheme will be part of the VWSP.Based on all the VWSPs of the districts, theDistrict Water Security Plan will be prepared.

Planning, Fund Release andMonitoring

Under the District Water Security Plan, allin-village work should be carried out by theGram Panchayat or its sub-committee i.e.VWSC, whereas bulk water transfer andmetering, inter-village distribution,maintenance of water grid, etc. will behandled by the State Government and orits agencies/public utilities.The District Water Security Plan will beimplemented and funds from differentsources/rural water supply programmeswill be dovetailed and NRDWP funds willalso be utilized.The funds available under NRDWP(Sustainability) – Swajaldhara componentwill be used for funding of Village WaterSecurity Action Plans for in-villageinfrastructure.Other NRDWP funds viz. coverage,water quality, DDP Areas, etc. can beused for bulk water transfer, treatmentplants, distribution network in additionto in-village water supply infrastructureand augmentation of drinking watersources.

14. Comprehensive WaterSecurity Action Plan (CWSAP)

The main objective of the ComprehensiveWater Security Action Plan is to provide adefinite direction to the programme, and alsoto ensure regular monitoring of the progressmade by the respective State towards the goalof achieving drinking water security to everyrural household.

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Under the broad goal set by each State, a fiveyear rolling plan is to be prepared and duringeach financial year the sub-goal and thepriorities would be fixed based on mutualconsultation by the Centre and the Statewhich includes the following:

Every year, the States/UTs shall prepare theAnnual Comprehensive Water SecurityAction Plans and which will inter- aliainclude broad directions/thrust andtangible targets planned to be achieved inthe financial year.Taking into consideration the fundsavailable from different sources andworking out the Central fund based on thepresent allocation plus 10% increase everyyear CWSAP will have to be prepared byeach State.Each State will have to submit to DDWS theAnnual CWSAP by Feb every year, throughonline IMIS.After consultation with each State duringFeb and March of the current financial yearfunds are to be released in April to Statesfor the next financial year.The ACWSAP will be prepared in aparticipatory manner and after carrying outdetailed SWOT analysis.Under the ACWSAP, detailing will be donebased on the Memorandum ofUnderstanding (MoU) signed between theDDWS and the State.The progress made and achievements inthe previous year will be basis of theACWSAP and it will incorporate schemes tobe taken up, allocation of funds under theState Sector, Central Sector as well ascarried over funds, if any.,While preparing the CWSAP, completion ofthe incomplete works shall be givenpriority over new works.It should be ensured that the works takenup are completed as per schedule and thatthere should not be any delay in execution

which would result in cost escalation, non-utilisation of assets created, etc.The Action Plans should indicate thefollowing aspects also:

a) Target for the year of coverage ofhabitations with 0% populationcovered, 0-25% population covered,25-50% population covered, 50-75%population covered and 75-100%population covered and quality affectedhabitations, SC, ST and minoritydominated habitations, with theirnames, block, district, etc. withreference to census village code fromthe appropriate survey list in thewebsite. Higher priority should be givento coverage of 0% population covered,0-25% population covered, qualityaffected, SC, ST and minority dominatedhabitations in planning. The names ofhabitations targeted should be markedon line;

b) The projects to be taken up to cover thetargeted habitations, ongoing and new,piped or others, with their location,coverage, estimated cost, estimatedexpenditure etc.,

c) Population to be benefited indicatingseparately the SC/ST, other backwardclasses and minority population; and,

d) Sustainability structures to be taken up,their type, location and estimated cost.Larger number of sustainabilitystructures should be taken up in over-exploited and critical blocks and qualityaffected habitations.

e) Plan for coverage of schools andanganwadis with water supply

f ) Plan for Community involvement, IECand other Support activities

g) Plan for Water quality monitoring,training, sample testing etc.

h) Detail of the Village, District and StateLevel monitoring and evaluation

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mechanism with special emphasis onbeneficiaries satisfaction of the service;

i) Plan for clean environment arounddrinking water sources including handpumps, proper O&M and involvement ofthe Panchayati Raj Institutions;

15. Planning

15.1. Based on the ‘National PolicyFramework’ each State should prepareState specific Sector Policy framework.Subsequently State Level Planning fortaking up water supply schemes for the11th Plan Period is to be prepared basedon the State Policy framework.

15.2. State will have to plan for each yeartaking in to consideration the ‘ongoingschemes, new schemes as well asschemes which will requireaugmentation and link to thehabitations which are proposed to becovered under these schemes adheringto the prioritisation in targetinghabitations as described above.

15.3. Proposals received from Members ofParliament for installation of handpumps in habitations within theirconstituencies should be given prioritywhile planning for water supplyschemes. Such proposal received fromthe Member of Parliament should beforwarded to the State Rural WaterSupply Department for inclusion in theState annual shelf of projects.

15.4. Members of Parliament should beinformed of the inclusion/non-inclusionof their proposals along with thereasons in each case in the event of non-inclusion. It would be preferable if thecommunication is issued from the StateNodal Department at a senior level.

15.5. While planning all habitations are to belinked to census village and cumulativepopulation of the main village and

other villages will be as recorded in theCensus 2001. The National populationgrowth factor indicated in Census 2001may be adopted to arrive at thepresent population.

15.6. Detail Project Report (DPR) of watersupply schemes/projects are to beprepared by the State Rural WaterSupply Department for which servicesof the State Technical Agency (STA) maybe sought. While commencing with thepreparation of the DPRs the Rural WaterSupply Department will holdconsultation with the local communitythrough the mechanism of the GramPanchayat in order to ensurecommunity participation and also toensure that the choice of technology/system is appropriate and easy tooperate and maintain. These DPRs are tobe scrutinized and vetted by the StateTechnical Agency.

15.7. Once the annual shelf of projects (DPRs)is finalized it is to be placed in the StateLevel Scheme Sanctioning Committee(SLSSC) meeting for approval. The SLSSCwould scrutinize the proposal to seethat they are in accordance with theGuidelines and the proposals of theMembers of Parliament have been givenfull consideration.

15.8. The approved annual shelf of projects(DPRs) approved by SLSSC are to beentered on line (IMIS) as per theprescribed proforma. The projects areto be linked to the habitations to becovered during the particularfinancial year.

16. Flow of Funds

16.1 The State Water and Sanitation Mission(SWSM) shall select a Bank branch of anyPublic Sector Bank with internetconnectivity at the State Headquarters,

PLANNING, FUND RELEASE AND MONITORING

26


for maintaining the two accountsnamely Programme Account, andSupport Activities Account under theNational Rural Drinking WaterProgramme. These shall be savingaccounts and once selected, theAccounts shall not be changed to anyother Branch or Bank withoutconcurrence of DDWS.

16.2 There will be a written undertaking fromthe Bank that it will follow theGuidelines of Government of India forpayments from the DDWS Funds. Theconcerned branch will maintain Internetconnectivity and enter the data into therelevant module of the OnlineIntegrated Management InformationSystem (IMIS).

16.3 The SWSM will communicate to theDDWS, Ministry of Rural Developmentthe details of the Bank branch IFSC codeand the Account numbers. The DDWS,Ministry of Rural Development shallrelease the programme funds andsupport funds respectively into theprogramme and support accounts.

16.4 The SWSM shall credit the SupportAccount with funds for carrying outsoftware activities as indicated in para10 of the guideline and for properfunctioning of the Water and SanitationSupport Organization. Such funds shallbe credited to the Support Account ofthe SWSM.

16.5 The State Government shall match theProgramme Account with funds as perthe funding pattern indicated in para9.3 of the guideline in order to meetworks related expenses forimplementing rural water supplyprojects and sustainability projects andalso to meet expenses which are notfound eligible to be funded under theNational Rural Drinking WaterProgramme, such as to meet cost

escalation, tender premium and otherprogramme expenses which are theresponsibility of the State Government.

16.6 The mode of the Programme andSupport activities expenditure will beregulated as follows:

i) Expenditure account for programmefund and support fund needs to beseparated. For programme fundexpenditure should have linkage withphysical progress of the projects/schemes being implemented.Expenditure under support fund shouldbe made strictly as per the items ofactivities and hardware specified in therespective support activities guidelines.

ii) NRDW programme fund needs to bematched by the State matching fund asper the pattern of funding indicated inpara 9.3 of the guidelines and

iii) The Bank will render monthly account,in respect of NRDWP Funds, to thePHED/Board, the SWSM and wheneverrequested, to the DDWS.

16.7 A tripartite Memorandum ofUnderstanding will be entered intobetween the Bank, SWSM and theDDWS wherein the parties would agreeto abide by the provisions of theGuidelines. In particular, the Bank willagree to abide by the instructionsissued, from time to time, by the DDWS,regarding the operation of theAccounts.

16.8 The DDWS may, from time to time, issuesuch directives as necessary for smoothflow of funds and effectiveness of theProgramme.

16.9 The Accounting System, to beprescribed by the DDWS, would bebased on the well-established PublicWorks Accounting system, with its ownChart of Accounts and Balance Sheet.The Integrated (Online) ManagementInformation System (IMIS) software

27

would support the Accounting Systemand would be enabled so that PHED,SWSM and Bank branch concerned canmake data entry on line for theirrespective transaction.

16.10 Money accruing as Interest credited inthe Programme Account will be creditedto the same account and reflected in theUtilization Certificate of the year. Theexpenditure out of this interest amountwill be made on items of work allowedin these Guidelines. Any deviation ofexpenditure will be guided by theinstructions/guidelines to be issued bythe DDWS, Ministry of RuralDevelopment from time to time. TheBank shall intimate to the State levelAgency the interest amount credited byit to the Account on quarterly basis.

17. Release of Funds

Every year, in the beginning of the financialyear, allocation of funds under different

components of NRDWP will becommunicated to the States. The States/UTs will be required to indicate thecomponent under which and to whatextent, they would like to avail the funds.However, once allocation is made, the 1stinstallment amounting to 50% of theallocation under Programme Fund will bereleased to States/UTs without anyproposal from the State/UT, if theconcerned State/UT has drawn the 2ndinstallment in the previous year. SupportFund which is 100% grant in aid, will alsobe released in two installments based oncertain criteria.In case, due to any reason, allocation underProgramme Fund could not be decided inthe beginning of the financial year and/orParliament has not passed the full budgetof the financial year, release will be made inApril on ad-hoc basis based on theavailable funds as part of the 1stinstallment against programme fund.Once the allocation under ProgrammeFund is decided and adequate funds


28


become available, the remaining part ofthe 1st installment will be released makingit 50% of the allocation.The 2nd installment under ProgrammeFund to cover the balance of the annualallocation will be released on fulfillment ofthe following conditions:a) Receipt of a specific proposal under

Programme Fund from the State/UT inthe prescribed proforma (Annexure X)with progress reports generated fromthe IMIS and returns; progress reportsthat are not generated from IMIS willnot be accepted.

b) Utilization of 60% of the availableresources under Programme Fund andcorresponding expenditure under theState sector funds available till date(unutilised opening balance, if any, fromthe previous years plus funds releasedas the first installment).

c) Receipt of certificate of actualexpenditure under the State sector andthe NRDWP from the AccountantGeneral upto the year preceding theprevious financial year; However, ifreport from Account General is notreceived due to any unforeseen reasons,the release will not be withheld, if StateGovernment/UT Administration is ableto provide specific reasons for delay andgives undertaking for furnishing thesame after the receipt of the same fromthe office of the Accountant General. Incase, in the AG’s report, somediscrepancies/deficiencies are reported,the same will be adjusted in thesubsequent releases.

d) Receipt of Utilization Certificategenerated from the online IMIS (in theprescribed Proforma as at AnnexureXI) under the State sector and theNRDWP signed by the Head of thefund recipient Department/Board/Authority/Corporation/Body andcountersigned by the Principal

Secretary/Secretary of the concernedDepartment.

e) Certificate that the unfinished works aregiven priority for completion.

f ) Certificate that all the schemesapproved by the State level SchemeSanctioning Committee six months agohave been taken up for implementation.

g) Proposal for release of the secondinstallment of funds under theProgramme Fund, complete in allrespects as indicated above, shouldreach to the RGNDWM by the 31stDecember of the financial year.Proposals received after 31st Decemberwill be subjected to progressive cuts asindicated below:

Month of receipt of Cut on the totalproposal allocated amount

Up to December NilJanuary 10%February 20%March 30%

Any restoration of cut imposed onaccount of late submission of proposalwill be made by DDWS, in consultationwith its finance wing, on a case to casebasis. The primary reason forconsidering such restoration would be ifdelay was due to reasons not under thecontrol of the implementing agency.

h) Release of fund under Support Fund willbe done in two installments and therelease of 2nd installment will be basedon submission of activity-wise Physicaland Financial progress and UtilizationCertificate generated from the IMIS.Only those activities permissible underthe guidelines indicated under supportactivities will be permitted.

i) The expenditure on O&M should notexceed 10% of the total funds releasedin the previous year under NRDWP.

29

j) Excess expenditure in the previous year,if any, will be deducted at the time ofrelease of the 2nd installment of funds;

k) States/UTs have to ensure that onlinereporting is done;

l) Details of the meeting of the StateVigilance and Monitoring Committeeheld during the previous year, whereinissues relating to NRDWP werediscussed.

m) A certificate that no centage chargeshave been made on NRDWP funds.

n) In other words, funds will be releasedbased on the specific proposals fromthe State Governments indicating theactual requirement during theremaining part of the year andutilization of prescribed percentage offunds already released.

o) While releasing the Central share, thequantum of unutilised funds availablewith the States/UTs in relation to thetotal allocation for the financial year willbe kept in view.

p) Carry over funds in the next financialyear will be allowed to the extent of10% of the total amount released.

q) However, if any amount has beenreleased in the month of March and oramount could not be transferred to theState/UT in the financial year, the samewill not be accounted as carry forwardamount.

r) While releasing the second installment,the excess amount over and above theprescribed limit, will be deducted.However, if the State/UT has utilizedmore than 75% of the total availablefund in the current financial year, theexcess carry over amount may not bededucted while releasing the 2ndinstallment.

s) The States/UTs shall release the entireamount of central allocation receivedalong with the matching State share to

the implementing agency (s) withoutany delay and in any case not later than15 days after its receipt.

t) The funds provided under NRDWP willbe used to meet the expenditure onapproved schemes and O&M asprescribed under the guidelines.

u) In case, any State/UT levies the centagecharges on NRDWP funds, double theamount charged will be deducted whilereleasing the last installment of funds.

v) In the States where the programmes areimplemented through Statutory Bodieslike Boards, Nigam and Authority etc,Central allocation will be releaseddirectly to such Bodies and not throughthe State Governments. In such cases,expenditure incurred under the NRDWPand matching State share will besubjected to the audit either by theAccountant General of the Stateconcerned or by the CharteredAccountants.

w) While releasing the State share and ortransferring the NRDWP funds to theimplementing agency (s), the StateGovernment will endorse the copies ofthe sanction orders releasing the fundsto the DDWS.

x) Amount released under the NRDWPcannot be utilized/ adjusted against anycost escalation of the schemes or excessexpenditure over and above theapproved cost of schemes in theprevious years.

18. Audit

18.1 The SWSM will ensure that the accountsare audited by a Chartered Accountantselected from a panel approved by theCAG, within six months of the close ofthe financial year. This account will besupported by a statement ofreconciliation with the accounts of


30


PHED and a certificate of the CharteredAccountant on its accuracy.

18.2 In addition to the Audit by theChartered Accountant, the works underthis Programme would be subject toaudit by the Office of the Comptrollerand Auditor-General of India (C&AG).The Audit of the work done by theC&AG may cover aspects of quality, inaddition to financial audit.

18.3 Both the State level Agency and thePHED must provide all relevantinformation to the District levelVigilance and Monitoring Committees.

19. Monitoring

19.1. Online Monitoring

Before 1996 the Annual Action Plan wasprepared considering “census village” as thelowest unit. Since the census code providespopulation against the census village,

coverage of rural population was indicatedin term of “population covered”.It was found that large numbers of satellitehabitations were without adequatedrinking water facilities although the mainvillage was shown fully covered.As a consequence fresh survey was carriedout during 1994-96 and the lowest unit ofplanning, target fixing and coverage wasshifted from population covered to“habitation covered”, which may not reflectthe actual coverage.To iron out this deficiency, it has to beascertained that the population of thecensus village as per 2001 census shouldbe same as the cumulative population ofthe main village and allied habitations.Thus the present habitation names have tobe linked to a Census village. This exercisehas to be done online and is to be carriedout by all states, compulsorily.For integration of data with otherDepartments, like Health, Water Resources,Education, Panchayati Raj, Census etc it is

31

important to have the common unit asCensus Village.For preparation of GIS maps, the availabledigital maps with Survey of India are basedon revenue village.All reporting viz. the annual action planand the physical and financial progressreports must be online.States are required to re-verify the list ofhabitations entered online on an annualbasis, and indicate the status of coverage interm of the population covered. If thestatus is changed from 100% populationcovered to lesser population covered,States should indicate the reason as listedon the IMIS.Water quality and quantity of everydelivery point to be tested by thecommunity periodically as per theNRWQM&S guideline.The test results are to be fed into thecentral IMIS database.Data along with action taken by theappropriate agency will be monitoredonline through the website.Release of funds w.e.f. 1.4.2010 will bebased on the data furnished online by theStates. This is non-negotiable.

19.2. State Level

Effective monitoring of the Programmebeing critical, the State Governments willensure that the officials are prompt insending the requisite reports/informationto the SWSM as well as the DDWS.The Integrated Information ManagementSystem (IMIS) will be the chief mechanismfor monitoring the Programme. To this end,the officials are required to furnish, ‘Online’,all the data and information, as may beprescribed by DDWS from time to time, inthe relevant module of the online IMIS.They shall be responsible for uninterruptedmaintenance of the computer hardware

and software as well as the internetconnectivity. The software for the IMIS shallbe supplied by DDWS and it shall not bemodified at any level in the States; anyrequirement or suggestion for change shallbe intimated to the DDWS.The State Government should providenecessary manpower, space and facilities toset up the Computer Hardware at the sub-division, district and state level. Since thedata would reside on the State Servers, theState level Agency must ensure that theState Server is functional all 24 hours andthe data is synchronized to the centralserver regularly.It shall be the responsibility of theExecutive Engineer, PHED to ensure that allMaster data including the District WaterSecurity Plan and RWS projects are enteredin the database and for the monthlyupdating and accuracy of data relating tothe progress of works, record of qualitycontrol tests. In case of failure to updatedata on the IMIS, further releases to theState concerned could be affected.Each State Government would identify oneofficer of sufficient seniority and havingadequate knowledge of InformationTechnology to function as State IT NodalOfficer. His function will be to oversee theregularity and accuracy of the data beingfurnished by the Districts. The IT NodalOfficer, who shall form part of the SWSM,shall also be responsible to oversee theupkeep of the Hardware and Software aswell as the computer training requirementsof the personnel dealing with the NRDWP.The District Vigilance and MonitoringCommittee set up by the Ministry will alsomonitor the progress and exercise vigilancein respect of NRDWP.Vigilance and Monitoring Committee atState, District and Village level may be setup in accordance with the orders No Q-13018/6/2009-A.I.V & MC (RD) dated 26th


32


August, 2009 issued by the Ministry ofRural Development, Government of Indiaand regular meetings of the same shouldbe held.The State Government should carry outregular monitoring and evaluation throughSTA of all the activities viz., RWS projectswith major emphasis on Sustainabilityprojects (100% GoI funded), softwareactivities and submit the report to SWSM/SLSSC/PHED for carrying out mid-coursecorrections if required. This should be doneat least once in every year and preferablybiannually.

19.3. Community Monitoring andSocial Audit

The community and community-basedorganizations (VWSC/User Groups) shouldmonitor demand/need and coverage.Community Based Monitoring shouldpreferably fulfill the following objectives:

It should provide regular and systematicinformation about community needs,which would guide related planning;It should provide feedback according tothe locally developed yardsticks formonitoring as well as key indicators formeasuring the consumer’s satisfaction ofprovision of drinking water servicesavailable to them on a sustainable basis;Effective community monitoring especiallyby the VWSC members would change thestatus of community members from beingpassive to active partners in the planning,implementation and management of ruralwater supply services;A social audit is a way of measuring,understanding, reporting and ultimatelyimproving an organization’s socialresponsibility and ethical performance. Asocial audit helps to narrow the gapbetween the perception of the line

department’s definition of servicesprovided and the beneficiaries’ level ofsatisfaction of the service provided. Socialauditing also enhances the performance ofthe local self government, particularly forstrengthening accountability andtransparency in local bodies and it focuseson the neglected issues related tomarginalised/poor groups whose voicesare rarely heard;Every six months on a fixed date thereshould be a social audit by the communityorganization to ensure that the worksunder taken by the PHED/RelatedDepartment and PRIs are as per thespecification and funds utilised areappropriate to the works under taken;To begin with the State Government mayadopt the following parameters forevaluating the performance of the drinkingwater services:- Access and usage- Quality, quantity and reliability- Responsiveness of the service providers- User’s satisfactionBased on these parameters including anyadditional relevant local parameters, theState Government may start a benchmarking of service standards based on thefeedback of communities at the Block,district and state levels. This will be used todevelop a performance index of the ruralwater supply situation across all states andalso in providing incentives for States,Districts and Panchayats.

20. Regulation & Pricing

Many states now are encouraging NGOs,private foundations and the private sector toset up water quality treatment plants andsupply quality water at affordable prices.Pricing of water and wastewater (rejection)management in these systems is an issue to bedealt with.

33

The National Policy Framework alsoencourages setting up of bulk water utilities atvarious levels and Gram Panchayat to beresponsible for distribution of water at thelocal level. The State Governments and LocalGovernments may or may not outsource thebulk water supply and local water supply tooutside agencies in the public privatepartnership mode respectively. Further insome states cost of electricity in running thescheme is subsidized while in others it is not,

which will have an impact on pricing. Pricingand continuous quality water supply from thebulk water utility to local water utility anddistribution within the Panchayat will beissues that will have to be dealt with.

Therefore, SWSM to look into the issue ofpricing, terms of engagement between thebulk water utility and PRIs, protecting thecatchments of local water supply throughcontrol of activities that could be performedin these catchments.

Poor cost recovery in the rural water supplysector is primarily due to negligible tarifflevels which do not reflect actual costs ofelectricity, spare parts, manpower andchemicals (based on type of water supplysystem) and are not routinely evaluated andcollected resulting in exacerbating an alreadycritical situation in terms of funds available foroperation and maintenance of rural watersupply schemes.

SWSM should decide the tariff structure ofrural water supply, taking into considerationthe differential connection charges and tariffstructure for house connection and supplythrough handpumps/ street stand post andalso lower/affordable tariff for SC, ST, OBC andBPL households. The recovery mechanismshould be in place and Gram Panchayat/VWSCshould be empowered/ authorized to collectuser charge for O&M as per therecommendation of 12th Finance Commission.


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The resource management objective of ensuring adequatequantity and quality of water resources for domestic needs mustalso be addressed.

35

21. It is expected that the objectives ofestablishing an enabling environment toattain source, system, institutional andfinancial sustainability will be met during theEleventh Plan period and there will be an exitpolicy in the Twelfth Plan period towardsimproved maintenance and enhancedmanagement of water supply systems by thePRIs in terms of quality and quantity. Howeverthe programme will have to continue tosupport the movement of States/UTs up theWater Ladder, from the basic minimum needto higher level of supply and upgrade fromsupply through spot sources and street standposts to house connections. The other aspectsof the Exit strategy are as follows:

– The resource management objective ofensuring adequate quantity and quality ofwater resources for domestic needs mustalso be addressed.

Exit Policy

– As a self-regulatory mechanism, identifycriteria and indicators and settingbenchmarks of goals/achievements in theform of Memorandum of Understanding(MoU) under which the recipient State orits agencies are evaluated, and which willthereafter, form the basis of flow of fundsfrom the Government of India.

– Gradually, over a period of time, in all thedistricts of all the States/UTs communityparticipation in rural water supplyprogramme will be institutionalized.

– The DDWS may provide bulk grants toStates to fund PRIs for successfulmanagement, operation, maintenance,augmentation, replacement of watersupply systems and sources.

– By the end of the 11th Plan, States willstrive to strengthen the Gram Panchayats/VWSCs/Pani Samiti to take over andshoulder full responsibility of in-villagewater supply systems.

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While planning for schemes in any year, priority is to be given tohabitations where none (0%) or part of the population has accessto adequate and safe drinking water.

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A. Norms for ProvidingPotable Drinking Water inRural Areas

Under the ARWSP guideline the norms thathave been adopted since the inception of theprogramme (1972) for providing potabledrinking water to the rural population basedon basic minimum need is as follows:

40 litres per capita per day (lpcd) forhumans to meet the followingrequirements based on basic minimumneed as defined under the ARWSPguideline.

Purpose Quantity (lpcd)

Drinking 3Cooking 5Bathing 15Washing utensils 7and houseAblution 10

Total 40

The above norms may to be assessed bythe respective State Governments and theymay fix their own higher norms based onwater availability, demand, capital costinvolved, affordability etc.However it is suggested that in areashaving acute water quality problems andthe cost of alternate safe drinking water

will entail huge capital cost, 10 lpcd ofpotable water may be supplied and thebalance domestic requirement can be metfrom other nearby source(s).For purposes of comparability coveragemeans provision within a distance of 500mts from the household or 30 minutes oftime taken for fetching water.

B. Norms for Coverage

While planning for schemes in any year,priority is to be given to habitations wherenone (0%) or part of the population has accessto adequate and safe drinking water. Thehabitations can be categorized in terms ofpopulation covered as 0%, 0-25%, 25-50%, 50-75%, 75-100% and 100%.

Coverage of population is to be calculatedon the following criterion:– Percentage of people within habitation

getting basic minimum quantity ofpotable water within a distance of 500mts from the household from either apublic or a community source.

C. Definitions of JointMonitoring Programme forMDG

The WHO/UNICEF Joint MonitoringProgramme (JMP) for Water Supply andSanitation is the official United Nations

Annexures

Annexure 1

38


mechanism tasked with monitoring progresstowards the Millennium Development Goal(MDG) relating to drinking-water andsanitation (MDG 7, Target 7c), which is to:“Halve, by 2015, the proportion of peoplewithout sustainable access to safe drinking-water and basic sanitation”.

In fulfilling this mandate, the JMP publishesupdated estimates every two years on the useof improved drinking-water sources andsanitation facilities at the national, regionaland global levels.

The JMP definitions of improved andunimproved sources of drinking water arerelevant because the progress of the countrytowards achieving MDG is reported based onthese definitions by the United Nation.

An “improved drinking-water source” is definedas one that, by nature of its construction orthrough active intervention, is protected fromoutside contamination, in particular fromcontamination with faecal matter. JMP hasdefined drinking-water sources that can beconsidered “improved” or “unimproved”.

“Improved” drinking-water sources

“Piped water into dwelling, “, also called ahousehold connection, is defined as awater service pipe connected with in-house plumbing to one or more taps (e.g.in the kitchen and bathroom), also called ahousehold connection, is defined as awater service pipe connected with in-house plumbing to one or more taps (e.g.in the kitchen and bathroom).“Piped water to yard/plot, also called a yardconnection, is defined as a piped waterconnection to a tap placed in the yard orplot outside the house.”“Public tap or standpipe’ is a public waterpoint from which people can collect water.A standpipe is also known as a public

fountain or public tap. Public standpipescan have one or more taps and are typicallymade of brickwork, masonry or concreteisa public water point from which peoplecan collect water.“Tubewell or borehole” is a deep hole thathas been driven, bored or drilled, with thepurpose of reaching groundwater supplies.Boreholes/tubewells are constructed withcasing, or pipes, that prevent the smalldiameter hole from caving in and protectsthe water source from infiltration by run-offwater. Water is delivered from a tubewell orborehole through a pump, which may bepowered by human, animal, wind, electric,diesel or solar means. Boreholes/tubewellsare usually protected by a platform aroundthe well, which leads spilled water awayfrom the borehole and prevents infiltrationof run-off water at the well head.“Protected dug well” is a dug well that isprotected from runoff water by a welllining or casing that is raised above groundlevel and a platform that diverts spilledwater away from the well. A protected dugwell is also covered, so that bird droppingsand animals cannot fall into the well.“Protected spring” is typically protectedfrom runoff, bird droppings and animals bya “spring box”, which is constructed ofbrick, masonry, or concrete and is builtaround the spring so that water flowsdirectly out of the box into a pipe orcistern, without being exposed to outsidepollution.“Rainwater” refers to rain that is collectedor harvested from surfaces (by roof orground catchment) and stored in acontainer, tank or cistern until used.

“Unimproved” drinking-watersources

“Unprotected spring”. This is a spring that issubject to runoff, bird droppings, or the

39

entry of animals. Unprotected springstypically do not have a “spring box”.“Unprotected dug well”. This is a dug wellfor which one of the following conditions istrue:– 1) the well is not protected from runoff

water; or– 2) the well is not protected from bird

droppings and animals. If at least one ofthese conditions is true, the well isunprotected.

“Cart with small tank/drum”. This refers towater sold by a provider who transportswater into a community. The types oftransportation used include donkey carts,motorized vehicles and other means.“Tanker-truck”. The water is trucked into acommunity and sold from the water truck.“Surface water” is water located aboveground and includes rivers, dams, lakes,

ponds, streams, canals, and irrigationchannels.“Bottled water” is considered to beimproved only when the householduses drinking-water from an improvedsource for cooking and personal hygiene;where this information is not available,bottled water is classified on a case-by-casebasis.

D. Parameters of Potability -Safe Drinking Water

Water is defined as safe if it is free frombiological contamination (guinea worm,cholera, typhoid etc.) and within permissiblelimits of chemical contamination (excessfluoride, brackishness, iron, arsenic, nitrates,etc.) as per IS-10500 standard of BIS.

S. N. Parameters Unit BIS (IS:10500)-2004 WHODesirable Max. Permissible Desirable

Limits Limits limits

1 pH ——- 6.5 TO 8.5 6.5 TO 8.5 6.5-9.22 Arsenic mg/L 0.05 0.05 0.013 Fluoride Mg/L 1.0 1.5 1.54 E-Coli Number/ Absent Absent Absent

100 ml.5 TDS mg/L 500 2000 1,2006 Nitrate mg/L 45 45 508. Iron mg/L 0.30 1.0 0.309 Calcium (as Ca) mg/L 75 200 No

specification10 Magnesium (as Mg) mg/L 30 100 No

specification11 Sulphate mg/L 200 400 50012 Alkalinity mg/L 200 600 No specification13 Turbidity NTU 5 10 10

ANNEXURES

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1. Background

The term “Sustainable Development” wasdefined by Bruntland in 1987 as developmentthat meets the needs of the present withoutcompromising the ability of future generationsto meet their own needs.

Groundwater used for freshwater drinkingsupplies can be easily overexploited by othercompeting users like irrigation, industry, etc.When this happens it can becomecontaminated with salt water, fluoride or othergeogenic contaminants which makes itunsuitable for use. Water available in riversand lakes is sometimes polluted, making itharmful to plants, animals and people.Sustainability and safe sanitation practices arethe forerunner for safe drinking water supply.

The paradigm shift in the new framework is tomove towards achieving universal access torural population for having safe andsustainable drinking water supply rather thana mere coverage of habitations, the latter notnecessarily speaking about equity andvulnerability issues. Therefore the aim is towork at achieving household level drinkingwater security, which shall obviously ensureuniversal access.

History stands witness to man’s use of variedforms of technology and science, rangingfrom the simplest to the most complicated, forstoring and extracting water. India has aparticularly strong tradition of water

Annexure II

Guideline for Implementation ofSustainability – Swajaldhara Project

harvesting – communities have met theirminimum water requirements effectively bycollecting rainwater locally, diverting andstoring water from local streams and springsand tapping sub-surface water. However,these traditional technologies and methodshave fallen prey to inattention and ignoranceover time, and need to be revived andrejuvenated. On the other hand are the mostmodern, state-of-the-art technologies andpractices which could make a lot of differencein these water-stressed times. This approachoffers today’s water managers a range ofchoices which will enable them to make theirown water security plans in an effectivemanner – by taking from the best practices ofboth the worlds and adopting them viably forbest results.

Traditional structures such as the tankasand khadins of Rajasthan, baoris (step-wells)of western India, the ooranis, cheruvus andtemple tanks of south India, and thebamboo split pipe harvesting methodpractised in the north-east still serve aslifelines for local people. Communities cancombine and converge this knowledge withmodern technologies and scientific toolssuch as satellite imaging. Emphasizing onthe urgent need for rainwater harvesting,replenishing and restoring existing surfacewater bodies and creating new ones, andrecharging groundwater, this segment urgespractitioners to think beyond theconventional and look for innovativesolutions.

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2. Approach

The 20% allocation for Sustainability-Swajaldhara which is on a 100% Central sharebasis will be used exclusively to achievedrinking water security by providing specificsustainability components for sources andsystems with major emphasis on tribal areas,water quality affected areas, dark and greyarea as specified by CGWB and any other areathe State Government has identified asdifficult and water stress area. BasicSwajaldhara principles of community and PRIbased planning, implementation;management of the schemes is to be adopted.For operation and management of schemesthe Central Finance Commission funds are tobe utilized. Under this component preparationof village water security plan is mandatory.

For taking up sustainability projects it is to beensured that the existing and proposed ruraldrinking water sources are directly rechargedand for that detailed manuals on “MobilisingTechnology for Sustainability”, “BringingSustainability of Drinking Water System” and“Convergence of sustainability projects” (website: http://ddws.gov.in under icon Publication2007-08) issued by The Department ofDrinking Water Supply, Government of Indiamay be referred for planning, design andimplementation of sustainability projectsunder NRDWP

3. Elements of Sustainability

Source Sustainability = Ensuringavailability of safe drinking water inadequate quantity throughout the yearSystem Sustainability = Optimizing thecost of production of water, devisingproper protocol for O&M, building capacityof PRIs and awareness generationFinancial Sustainability = Properutilization of Finance Commission and

O&M funds under NRDWP guidelines andrecovering at least 50% cost throughflexible methods devised by the local selfgovernment and improving energyefficiency

• Social and environmental Sustainability= Proper reject management andinvolvement of all key stakeholders

Sustainability of drinking water sources andschemes is a process which facilitates theexisting/new drinking water supply projects toprovide safe drinking water in adequatequantity, even during distress periods, dulyaddressing equity, gender, vulnerability,convenience and consumer preference issues,through conjunctive use of groundwater,surface water and roof-water harvesting.. Themain aim of providing sustainability ofdrinking water schemes is to ensure that suchschemes do not slip back from universalaccess of safe drinking water to thecommunity throughout the design period ofthe schemes.

Any recharging structure meant for overallmanagement of water resources and that doesnot directly recharge drinking water sources; isnot eligible for funding under theSustainability component of this Programme.

The basic principles of sustainability are:-

Conjunctive use of water defined asjudicious use of ground water, surfacewater and roof-water as per drinking waterdemand and availability, seasonally ormonthly.Recharge and rest of groundwater aquifersduring monsoon. This could even dilutethe contaminants considerably over aperiod of time. Many recharge structuresprovide both for groundwater rechargeand surface water availability.Store surface water as per terrainconditions.

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Adopt roof-water harvesting in a big wayespecially for scattered habitations.Revive traditional and village ponds intobetter functional systems in providing safedrinking water.Use of new and renewable energy sourcesfor pumping/in situ treatment like solardisinfection, solar desalination, etc.

4. Parameters to be studiedfor Ensuring Sustainability

Taking local wisdom into cognizanceRainfall pattern (monthly) – total, intensity,number of rainy days, hydrographAnnual Cyclic rainfall pattern (over 10years) - trendsSoil porosity and permeabilityAquifers vis-a-vis rock type (geological andtectonic), age and probable leaching forchemical contaminationSource survey for biological contaminationLithology and static groundwater tabledetailsEvaporation and seepage ratesWater budgeting for household securitySuitability of locally available materialUse of HGM maps based on satellite dataand desirable geophysical investigationsInvolvement of Community in decisionmakingExisting water harvesting structures and itsfunctionalityClimatic change and its impact on drinkingwater sourcesWater management options for emergencysituationsLeak detection methods and prevention ofleakagePromoting use of water saving, energyefficiency devices/fixturesPromoting use of new and renewableenergy sources

5. Conditionality (Non-negotiable principles)

Shift focus from dependence on singlesource to multiple sources of drinkingwaterWater demand and budgeting for ensuringhousehold level drinking water securityReject management issues to be addressedproperly so that the contaminants do notre-enter into water, environment or food.

6. Suggestive List of Ground,Surface and Roof-waterHarvesting Systems/Structures to improve ruraldrinking water supply

Flood recharging method (only for regionaldrinking water systems)Gully plugsRecharge PitContour trench/bundSemi-circular trenches on slopesCheck dam/Nala bundPercolation pond/tankSub-surface dykeInjection wellRecharge shaftRecharge well/Dug well with radialrecharging systemsPoint source recharging systems (defunctborewells and abandoned dugwells)Recharging through sand dunes – coastal/desertLevees – for retaining the flash run-offInfiltration well with collector wellInfiltration galleryOoranis or scientifically developed villageponds with in situ filtration and collectionsystem

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Roof water harvesting for individualhouses, community structures like schools,anganwadis, GP office, etc.

From the above list the following works maybe taken up under Sustainability componentof NRDWP and the balance works may betaken up under other related programmes viz.,MGNREGS (Department of RuralDevelopment, GoI), National AfforestationProgramme (Ministry of Environment andForest), National Project for Repair, Restorationand Renovation of Water Bodies (Ministry ofWater Resources, GoI), Integrated WatershedManagement t Programme (Dept of LandResources, Ministry of Rural Development,GoI), etc.

Roof water harvesting for individualhouses, community structures like schools,anganwadis, GP office, hostels, healthcentres, hospitals, etc.Ooranis, Orans or scientifically developedvillage ponds with in situ filtration andcollection systemCheck damsMaterial component of Percolation tanksSub-surface dykePoint source recharging systems (defunctborewells and abandoned dugwells)Infiltration well with Collector wellInfiltration galleryHydro-fracturing

The technologies mentioned above aresuggestive in nature. The State Governmentsmay like to adopt appropriate structuresdepending upon the local hydro-geo-morphological conditions suitable to ruraldrinking water schemes.

7. Eligibility Criteria forFunding under SustainabilityComponent

Sustainability structures should be takenup on priority in over-exploited, critical andsemi-critical blocks and in quality affectedhabitations.Labour cost of any recharging system/surface water impounding structuresshould be met from Mahatma GandhiNational Rural Employment GuaranteeScheme (MGNREGS)/Integrated WatershedManagement Programme funds.Desilting of ponds to be done only withMGNREGS fundsOnly material component of conversion ofexisting village ponds into recharge/collection structure should be fundedunder this component.Capital cost component of roof-waterharvesting structure should be a simplePVC gutter, first flush facility, tap andadopting preferably ferro-cement/PVCtanks, wherever feasible. Capacities to bedesigned on volume demand.Pumps, Pipes or any other storage structure(other than collector well for an infiltrationwell/gallery) to be considered only underregular programmeAll proposals with prior scientific databaseto be vetted by the State Technical Agencyinvolving Technical Experts and approvalby the SLSSC.Cost of constructing roof of the house ofany nature for roof-water harvesting is notadmissible under the Sustainabilitycomponent.Sustainability component of the drinkingwater supply systems should be such that itis easy to operate and maintain by thecommunity/Gram Panchayat/Water Usergroup.

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1. Background

The National Rural Drinking Water QualityMonitoring & Surveillance Programme waslaunched in February 2006 (2005-06) with theprime objective of institutionalization ofcommunity participation and involvement ofPRIs for water quality monitoring &surveillance of all drinking water sources. Asdrinking water quality monitoring, and qualitysurveillance are two distinct but closelyrelated activities, requiring drinking waterquality monitoring by suppliers of thedrinking water and surveillance by the Healthauthorities, close collaboration is requiredbetween drinking water supply agencies andHealth authorities all over the country.

The indiscriminate over-drawal has changedthe hydro-geo-chemical environments of theaquifers and in general enhanced toxic andundesirable chemical constituents of waterbeyond the permissible limit viz. fluoride,arsenic, TDS, nitrate etc. with direct healthimplications leading to manifestations ofvarious diseases. Climate change is alsoaffecting water resources in all countriesresulting in increase in diseases such ascholera, typhoid, malaria and dengue whichare basically sanitation and water relateddiseases.

Excess fluoride and arsenic in ground waterdrinking sources has given rise to cripplingand incurable diseases like fluorosis andarsenical dermatitis. The fluoridecontamination affects more than 200 districts

Annexure III

Framework for Water Quality Monitoring& Surveillance (WQM&S)

in 17 states and excess arsenic is extensive in 8districts of West Bengal and other EasternStates. New evidence suggests that the wholeGanga-Meghna-Brahmaputra belt is underthreat of arsenic contamination. In Indiacurrent estimates place 3-4 million people atrisk from arsenic poisoning and 90 millionpeople exposed to fluoride contamination.The indiscriminate use of fertilizers andinsecticides along with unscientific usage ofsingle pit latrine and indiscriminate disposal ofdomestic waste water, have furthercontributed to the deterioration of groundwater quality.

Water is defined as safe if it is free frombiological contamination (guinea worm,cholera, typhoid etc.) and within permissiblelimits of chemical contamination ( arsenic <0.05 mg/l, fluoride < 1.5 mg/l, brackishness <2000 mg/l, iron < 1 mg/l , nitrate 45 mg/l etc.)as per IS-10500 standard of BIS (referAnnexure I).

An Implementation Manual on National RuralDrinking Water Quality Monitoring &Surveillance Programme was preparedthrough All India Institute of Hygiene andPublic Health, and circulated to all StateGovernments in January 2004.

2. Implementation from 2004to 2008

The evaluation of the programmeimplementation during 2004 to 2008 bydifferent agencies revealed that there is an

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urgent need to restructure the existingNational Rural Drinking Water Supply QualityMonitoring and Surveillance.

National Rural Drinking Water QualityMonitoring & Surveillance Programmeenvisaged implementing the programmethrough the following strategy:

– Under the programme, 100 % fundingwould be provided for IEC activities, HRDactivities, strengthening of district levellaboratories, procurement of field test kits,travel and transport cost, data reportingcost, stationery cost, honorarium to districtlevel surveillance coordinators, watertesting, documentation and data entrycosts to the States for strengthening waterquality monitoring facilities as perapproved norms for water qualitymonitoring & surveillance programme andNRDWP guidelines.

– The existing personnel (both technical andnon-technical) in several departments likePHE, Health, Rural Development,Panchayati Raj etc., would be mobilizedand involved.

– O&M of the field test kits including refillingcosts for field test kits, cost of disinfectants,minor remedial expenses, annuity andmobility, honorarium to grass root workers,and honorarium to GP level coordinatorwill be covered by communitycontribution.

– One field test kit per GP shall be provided.In addition, demo kits shall also beprovided as per the following breakup: -State/SRI -1, District- 3 and Block- 2.

– The funds for implementation of theProgramme will be released byGovernment of India to the SWSM/PHED/Boards, based on criteria like number ofdrinking water sources, number of GPs,Block Panchayats, districts, total ruralpopulation, etc. in respective States.

– State Governments then release fundsrelating to IEC and HRD to the CCDU. Fundsfor setting up of new laboratories andstrengthening of existing district levellaboratories and administrative expensesshall be released by the States to DWSM/District laboratory.

– Fund flow and strategy for procurement offield testing kits may be decided by therespective State/UT Government.

– For meeting recurring costs of field test kitsand other expenses, the community couldcontribute @ Rs 1 per family per month tobe deposited in the VWSC accounts withseparate ledger.

3. Need for Change

– With the approval of the “National RuralDrinking Water Programme” by theGovernment of India there is a paradigmshift from ‘just providing a water supplysystem in the village’ to ‘ensuring watersupply security at the house hold level’.

– The national goal is to provide every ruralperson with adequate water for drinking,cooking and other domestic basic needson a sustainable basis. This basicrequirement should meet certain minimumwater quality standards and be available atall times, in all situations and be readily andconveniently accessible.

– While initiating this move from lpcd todrinking water security at the State, Districtand Village levels, it is important to ensurethat the basic minimum requirement at thehousehold level for drinking and cookingneed and also the need for cattle and othersimilar household needs is met.

– Water supply for drinking and cookingshould maintain quality as per the BISstandards and for other household andanimal needs, the water should be ofacceptable standard.

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– To ensure this it is equally important tomaintain potability, reliability of drinkingwater quality standards both at theproduction (water treatment plant) as wellas at the consumption points (house holdlevel).

– Focus on the house hold level i.e. at thefamily level will ensure reduction of diseaseburden leading to improved quality of lifeand well being of the community. As suchthe programme needs to have stronginstitutional linkages at the village andfacility levels (Sub Centres and PrimaryHealth Centres) of National Rural HealthMission (NRHM)

– The water supply should conform to thestandards of quality set by the relevantbodies. For ensuring quality of water,Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) IS: 10500were formulated in 1990. World HealthOrganization has also modified Guidelinesfor Drinking Water Quality (2004) andGuidelines for safe use of wastewater andgrey water (2006). Both the guidelinesadvocated use of health based targetsetting approach.

– Health based target is based on the totalexposure of an individual to pollution andmoves from reliance on end producttesting of water quality to risk assessmentand risk management of water suppliescommonly known as ‘water safety plan’.

– Water safety plan links the identification ofa water quality problem with water safetysolution. It includes both water qualitytesting and also sanitary inspection todetermine appropriate control measures. Itis a quality assurance tool that ensuresprotection of the water supply schemefrom the catchment to the consumer andfrom the tap to the toilet.

– The enormous task of drinking waterquality monitoring & surveillance in ruralareas requires about 50 lakh samples to betested annually with a norm of testing all

sources once a year for chemicalcontamination and twice a year forbacteriological contamination.

– At present the State Rural water SupplyDepartments have skeleton Water TestingLaboratory at the District level only and it ispractically impossible to test all thedrinking water sources of the villages in thedistrict in this laboratory. In some of thedistricts the horizontal distance may bemore than 100 kilometers and in hilly areasand in difficult terrain it may take 6-8 hoursof travel.

– Regular water testing facilities in schoolsand other institutions at the Sub-divisionare not available or are non functional. Assuch depending on such non-existentfacilities at the sub-divisional level grosslyaffects the testing and verification of waterquality data and actions/intervention to beinitiated based on confirmed data

4. Modified Strategy

– To have authentic water quality data forinitiating action it is essential to have abasic Water Testing Laboratory at theDistrict and Sub-Division Level, eitherestablished with NRDWP funds, or existinglabs of other departments / educationalinstitutions with appropriate testingfacilities duly identified for the purpose.Under NRHM there is a provision of testingwater quality (biological parameters) at thePrimary Health Centers (1 per 30,000population i.e. approximately for 30 to 40villages/cluster of GPs). Such facilities,along with any other labs in the area, maybe used for the programme. Ideally, theselabs should be under the jointmanagement of PRI and PHED similar toPrimary Health Centres (PHCs) of NationalRural Health Mission.

– As such all basic chemical and biologicalparameters can be tested at Sub-divisional

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laboratory and primarily biological test ofall sources can be tested in PHCs and jointremedial actions can be taken up by theGram Panchayat.

– For data collection at the household leveland at the habitation level one person,preferably a woman member of VWSC(which is a Standing Committee of the GP)may be nominated. The person selectedmay be designated as “JAL SURAKSHAK”and provided with a badge. Since ASHA ofNRHM is also responsible for communityaction on prevention of water andsanitation –borne diseases the VWSCmember selected should work in closecoordination with ASHA.

– Broad role and responsibilities of VWSC/ASHA members are indicated below:

– The Jal Surakshak can also make use of theField Test Kits (FTKs) provided under the

programme to obtain a preliminary result.This must however be confirmed throughsubsequent testing in the established labs.The refill costs of the FTKs may be bornefrom the NRDWP (Support) funds providedto the State.

– The District / Sub-division Level WaterTesting Laboratory must have facilities oftesting the following parameters viz.

1. pH2. Total Hardness3. Iron4. Chlorine demand5. Residual Chlorine6. Nitrate7. Fluoride and Arsenic where ever it has

been identified and detected8. In addition to above tests there will be

provision for bacteriological analysis ofwater to determine if there is any faecal

Sl. No. Role of VWSC member Role of ASHA (NRHM)

i Ascertain drinking water adequacy at Ascertain water and excreta relatedthe household level diseases at the household level as perincluding cattle needs. the NRHM format

ii Identify all sources of drinking water for Collect sample for testing and transfer atdifferent purpose the PHC for testing biological parameters

iii Test all the sources by field testing kits Carry out sanitary inspection of all thesources

iv Collect sample for testing and transfer to Take corrective measures along withthe proposed Sub-division Water Testing VWSC member (1) to prevent pollutionLaboratory for testing bothchemical and biological parameters of drinking water sources

v Record details of water supply sources Record keeping of all water andand system in the village/GP sanitation disease related data

vi Tariff collection from every household Advocacy on hygiene promotion andand management ofwater supply scheme at the GP level. disease prevention issues at the household

level.vii Carry out awareness activities on water Carry out awareness activities on

related issues sanitation related issuesviii Any other task assigned by GP President Any other task assigned by GP President

related to rural water supply activities related to rural sanitation activities

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contamination. It has been envisaged thata blanket test of bacteriologicalcontamination of all sources will beconducted for MPN counts in all the Sub-divisional Laboratories.

– Consolidated at the District level to beentered on line in DDWS website.

– All interventions and actions for dealingwith physical (turbidity) and biologicalcontamination of sources are to be takencare of at the GP and Sub-division level.

– IEC and HRD activities need to be linkedwith CCDU.

– The services of five GP level workers whohave been trained under National RuralDrinking Water Quality Monitoring &Surveillance programme since February2006 i.e. ASHA, Anganwadi Workers, SchoolTeachers, GP members, Social Workers etc,will continue to be used for thesurveillance programme.

5. Approach

At the National Level

– The Department of Drinking Water Supply(DDWS) to monitor the entire programme.

– Establishing a well structured informationflow between Government, TechnicalInstitutes, District Laboratories, Sub-Divisional Laboratories and grassrootsfunctionaries.

At the State, District and GP Level

– States may access funds from NRDWP(Support) for setting up Water TestingLaboratories at the Sub-Division level.

– Take up State and Region specific IECactivities involving PRIs, Co-operatives,Women Groups, SHGs, and NGOs by CCDU/SWSM.

– Impart training to district, sub-division,block and GP level functionaries. Special

training to be imparted to the 5 members(School teachers, Anganwadi Workers,ASHA, Ex Army Personnel, local NGO,Members of VWSC members in each GP.

– The State level laboratories would also beinvolved in testing concentrations of rareelements and in providing water qualitytesting reports to the State Governmentduring natural calamities and disasters.

– Testing of 100% of the sources at sub-divisional laboratories both forbacteriological and chemical and physicalparameters and 10% of samples to be testedwhich include positively tested samples bythe district laboratories apart from routinecross verification by the State laboratory.

– For chemical and physical parameterstesting may be carried out once a year andfor bacteriological parameter it is desirableto test twice a year pre and post monsoonand as and when water related diseases aredetected.

– Gram Panchayat will carry out testing of alldrinking water sources including privatesources within its jurisdiction particularlyfor bacteriological parameters.

– Identification/Registration of safe drinkingwater sources in all rural habitations (GramPanchayat wise).

– Bacteriological parameters of all the watersamples to be tested, whereas the physicaland chemical parameters to be tested onarea specific requirement.

– Data generated from the house hold levelor laboratories to be reported through MISdeveloped by the NIC-DDWS or throughMIS developed by the States. Only thechemical parameters will be reflected atthe National level MIS, whereas thephysical and bacteriological contaminationis to be reported and tackled at the GP/District/State level.

– Water sample collection, household surveyand sanitary inspections of drinking watersources should be by village level workersfrom VWSC/GP.

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– IEC and awareness generation by villagelevel workers from VWSC/GP using FieldTesting Kits.

– The State level laboratories would also beinvolved in testing concentrations of rareelements and extend all necessary help inproviding water quality testing reports tothe State Governments during periods ofnatural calamity and disasters.

6. Funding

– Under the programme, 100% fundingwould be provided for strengthening ofdistrict level laboratories, setting up of sub-divisional laboratories, data reporting cost,stationery cost, , water testing,documentation, refill costs of FTKs anddata entry costs to the States forstrengthening water quality monitoringfacilities as per approved norms.

– The existing personnel (both technical andnon-technical) in several departments likePHE, Health, Rural Development, PanchayatiRaj etc. would be mobilized and involved.NHRM and Central Finance Commissionfunds to be utilized for this purpose.

– The State Water and Sanitation SupportOrganization (WSSO) needs to prepare amaster plan for the WQM&S programmeand also Annual Action Plan indicating yearwise financial implication which is to beapproved by SLSSC.

– NRDWP will not fund for O&M of thelaboratories, cost of disinfectants, minorremedial expenses, annuity and mobility.These costs should be covered by the fundsavailable from NHRM, Central FinanceCommission, PRI and State budget.

– The funds for implementation of theprogramme will be released by Govt. ofIndia to the SWSM/PHED/Boards under theSupport component of NRDWP.

– All IEC and HRD activities underWQM&S programme are to be taken upby CCDU under the WSSO. Funds forsetting up of new laboratories andstrengthening of existing district levellaboratories and administrativeexpenses shall be released by the Statesto DWSM/District laboratory. Fund flowand strategy of the entire programmemay be decided by the respective State/UT Govt.

7. Illustrative List of Trainingand IEC activities

– Training of Members of PRIs/VWSC/Standing Committee of PRI on waterquality and sanitation

– Water quality issues including healthrelated diseases

– Water quality monitoring– Sanitation and hygiene– Training of NGOs, district level officers,

State level functionaries on– Social mobilization– Water quality monitoring & surveillance– Sanitation and hygiene– Training of school teachers at village, bock,

district level, Health workers, Anganwadiworkers for promotion of water qualitymonitoring & surveillance.

– IEC strategy which may include– Inter-personal communication (door to

door contact)– Audio-visual publicity– Hoardings and wall writings etc.– Slogans, picture frames, group meetings,

street plays, participatory rural appraisaland exhibitions may be used as tools.

IEC guidelines for the Rural Drinking WaterSupply sector are at Annexure IV-A.

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8. Monitoring of theProgramme

– Monitoring through regular fieldinspections by officers from the State leveland the district levels is essential for theeffective implementation of theprogramme. DWSM should constitute ateam of experts in the district who shouldreview the implementation in differentblock frequently. Such review should beheld at least once in a quarter.

– Similarly the SWSM should conduct reviewof the programme in the districts once in 6months.

– Inspection should be made to check andensure that the water quality monitoring &surveillance programme is implemented inaccordance with the norms and also thatthe community has been involved in theanalysis of water samples using field testkits.

– Inspection should be done to checkwhether the water quality information of

the drinking water sources in a GramPanchayat has been displayedtransparently in the Gram Panchayat (bywall painting or special hoarding for whichIEC funds could be utilized).

– In addition, Govt. of India may also send itsReview Missions to the States to assess thequality of implementation of theprogramme.

9. Reports

The reporting mechanism shall be as follows:-

– All data generated at various levels to beentered online. Data generated from thehouse hold level or laboratories to bereported through MIS developed by theNIC-DDWS or through MIS developed bythe States.

– Only the chemical parameters will bereflected at the National level MIS whereasthe physical and bacteriologicalcontamination to be reported and tackledat the GP/District/State level.

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1. Background

In demand driven and community basedprogrammes, effective and creativecommunication plays a crucial role in theirsuccess. Both NRDWP and TSC lay greatemphasis on use of IEC and HRD to generatedemand and create awareness andparticipation of the community. In someplaces, results have been good and in someplaces these have not been so satisfactory inthe absence of clear strategy, plan of action,modules, and untargeted resource centerswhich can help in proper implementation.Therefore Communication and CapacityDevelopment (CCDU) Unit has been designedand set up in each State for promotinginitiatives in water supply and sanitationsector. In States where the water andsanitation sector is looked after by twoseparate departments two CCDUs may beformed and both must report to the WSSOand SWSM and access funds from allocationfor NRDWP (Support).

2. Objectives

The broad objectives of CCDU are to:

Develop state specific information,education and communication strategy forreform initiatives in water and sanitationProvide capacity development offunctionaries at all levelsAddress the need of sustainability in waterand sanitation

Annexure IV

Communication and CapacityDevelopment Unit (CCDU)

Promote new technologies which may betaken up under rural water scheme andtotal sanitation campaignTake up advocacy on conventional andtraditional water conservation and rainwater harvestingUndertake action research on variousaspects of sanitation including newtechnologies, impact of provision ofsanitation facilities on health indicators, IECstrategies etc.

3. Strategy

The IEC and HRD activities shall be convergedat State level by “Water and SanitationSupport Organisation” under State Water andSanitation Mission. CCDU will form part ofWSSO along with MIS/ComputerizationProject, Water Quality Monitoring &Surveillance etc as explained in the NRDWPguidelines. CCDU will have expertise andinfrastructure for carrying out the IEC and HRDactivities for all the sub programmes of ruralwater and sanitation sector. CCDU shallundertake the following activities –

Conduct Training Needs Assessment forWater and SanitationPrepare Capacity Building Plan for PRImembers, VWSC members andengineering/technical staffTake up in-house training.Prepare Annual IEC plan for Water andSanitation sectors.Create awareness amongst the communityand stakeholders.

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Identify Key Resource Centres at Statelevel.Make Payment to the State TechnicalAgency and for Consultancy services.

4. Functions

The Unit is to provide IEC and HRD supportto the State Water and Sanitation Mission. Itshall provide:

HRD and IEC inputs to the National RuralDrinking Water Programme (NRDWP) andTotal Sanitation Campaign (TSC) projects inthe StateDocumentation shall be carried out ofsuccessful cases or initiatives taken by theStates/agencies.Districts, which are poor performing, shallalso be documented to find out thereasons and possible solutions which mayhelp improve their performance.

5. Funding

All funds available under NRDWP 5% SupportFund and Total Sanitation Campaign IEC funds(in case of Department dealing with both TSCand RWS) need to be transferred to Water andSanitation Support Organization (WSSO)under State Water Sanitation Mission w.e.f. 1stApril 2008.

The CCDU shall look after the IEC and HRDactivities related to:

Water and Sanitation issues.Water Quality Monitoring & Surveillance.MIS/Computerization programme.Sustainability – Swajaldhara.Monitoring and Evaluation of performanceunder NRDWP and TSC.Research and Development activities.

Annual Action Plan of IEC and HRD activitiesincluding Capacity Building Plan is to beprepared by each State. This should be needbased and approved by the State levelScheme Sanctioning Committee every yearbefore or at the commencement of thefinancial year to which it relates.

The Annual Action Plan should include thefollowing:

IEC Activities planCapacity Building Plan for PRI and VWSCmembers, engineers, grassroots workers on– Linkage of health with water and sanitation– Role of PRIs and community in planning,

monitoring and managing rural watersupply and sanitation

– Water quality testing and monitoring– Design and implementation of

sustainability structures– Professional development for engineers

and technical staff– Training of grassroots level workers like

pump mechanics, pump operators,masons, plumbers, accountants etc,

One-time procurement of equipment (ifnot already procured)Establishment cost (Consultants fee,contingency, TA/DA)Upgradation of the equipments purchasedearlier or replacement of outdated/nonfunctional items

6. Establishment Cost

Establishment cost shall include contingencyexpenditure, fees paid to Consultants, TA/DAetc. Payments of officials who are part of theCCDU but on deputation needs to beconsidered as they are paid from the CCDUfunds. Cost of one time procurement ofequipment shall, however, not be accountedas establishment cost.

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7. Structure of CCDU

The structure of CCDU is indicated inAnnexure VII under structure of WSSO.Desirable qualifications and experience ofthe WSSO staff are given at the end ofAnnexure VII.

8. Payment to State TechnicalAgency (STA)

STA may be assigned the job of Projectpreparation, project evaluation and approval,development of IEC and HRD modules etc. Thejob assigned to STA and payment to be made

ANNEXURES

to the institute needs to be approved by StateLevel Scheme Sanctioning Committee (SLSSC).In this regard state norms may be followed.

9. Reporting Mechanism

The progress report on the IEC and HRDactivities from planning to implementation forvarious functionaries at different levels shouldbe entered in the online IMIS of theDepartment of Drinking Water Supply onmonthly basis.

The material developed on both IEC and HRDneeds to be shared with the Department onregular basis.

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1. Water is a State subject and StateGovernment/ its agencies are responsible formanaging safe drinking water to allhabitations in rural areas. With 73rd

Amendment of the Constitution, ruraldrinking water has been placed in the XIthSchedule of the Constitution to be devolvedto PRIs. Improving the access and usage ofsafe drinking water on a sustainable basis is adifficult and complex process especially inrural areas. Consumption of potable drinkingwater has a profound bearing on the overallwell-being of people and their health.National Rural Drinking Water Programme(NRDWP) aims at empowered, well aware andskilled stakeholders capable of properplanning, implementation, operation,maintenance and management of watersupply and water resources at all levels.

2. In order to enable the village community andPRIs to play their rightful role, it is important thatknowledge and information gaps – boththematic and programmatic on various aspectsof drinking water are bridged and an enablingenvironment is created. To enable the PRIsespecially at the village level to plan, implement,manage, operate and maintain ‘safe drinkingwater to all throughout the year on asustainable basis’ and to ensure coverage of allrural habitations with access to safe drinkingwater, sustainability of drinking water systemsand sources, and to tackle the problem ofwater quality in the affected habitations, it isnecessary that a multi-pronged approach isadopted. In this context, a well plannedinformation, education and communication(IEC) campaign plays a critical role.

Annexure IV-A

IEC Guidelines for Rural Drinking WaterSupply

Strategy

3. IEC Campaign has to inform, educate andpersuade people to realize their roles andresponsibilities, and benefits accruing frominvesting in right practices. It should take intoaccount the barriers and variables related toinfrastructure, socio–cultural practices andtraditions. The focus of any communicationactivity should be on awareness, sensitizationand motivation of people to follow righthygiene, sanitation and water handlingpractices. The medium to be used for the IECwill depend on the following aspects:

a. access to service in terms of quantity,quality and periodicity/ regularity ofdrinking water supply;

b. various aspects of drinking watermanagement viz. usage, conservation,safety and hygiene issues, economicaspects, operation, repair andmaintenance, etc.;

c. different age groups and people viz.children, women, village elders andcommunity leaders, etc.; and

d. local culture, traditional practices,language and dialect of the State/ region

4. The thrust of the IEC strategy requirespromotion of community management toreorient the delivery of water services fromthe centralized supply-driven approach to thedecentralized, demand-driven, community-managed approach to be managed by thePRIs and local communities. IEC strategyneeds to prepare the PRIs and rural

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community to take over the responsibility ofmanaging and providing safe drinking waterto all on a sustainable basis. Differentstrategies and activities need to be used fordifferent areas. The following four broad areasneed to be kept in mind while preparing theIEC strategy of the State:

Awareness: The rural community needs bemade aware about bacteriologicalcontamination, water-borne diseases andtheir impact on health, safe hygienic andsanitation facilities, various aspects of safedrinking water, appropriate technologies,water quality standards, testing the qualityof water, waste management, wisemanagement of local water resources, etc.Transparency: It is very critical that peopleare fully informed about the plan, schemesand investments proposed to be made intheir areas. In fact, they should have amajor role in deciding on the appropriateoption. The village committee shoulddisplay details of funds received andutilized at a prominent place in such amanner that people can see andunderstand it. This should be updated on aregular basis.People’s participation: Rural communityshould be involved in planning,implementation and monitoring of theprogramme. While designing theprogramme for the community its needs,resources and challenges have to beassessed.Accountability & responsibility: People areto be made aware that Gram Panchayatand Gram Sabha have a key role inmonitoring the programme.

Objective

5. The objective of the IEC campaign is totrigger positive behavioural changes amongstakeholders with respect to hygiene, use of

safe drinking water and sanitation facilities.This requires enhancing knowledge regardingsafe drinking water, hygiene and sanitation bypreparing, involving and empowering therural community to actively shoulder theresponsibility. The objectives of the IECcampaign may be as follows:

create awareness and motivate people totake affirmative action for protection ofdrinking water sources, safe handling ofdrinking water;create awareness and motivate people toconserve water resources;trigger behavior change amongindividuals, families and communities toadopt improved health and hygienepractices;create awareness and demand forcommunity participation;create an enabling environment throughstrengthened coordination, effectiveadvocacy with media and criticalstakeholders; andpromote personal accountability andresponsibility for ensuring provision of safedrinking water to all.

Focused areas

6. IEC Campaign on safe drinking waterwould, inter alia include the following themes:

i) Use of safe and clean of drinking waterii) Judicious use of drinking wateriii) Avoiding wastage of wateriv) Rainwater and rooftop water harvesting,

recharge of ground waterv) Reuse and recycling of watervi) Protection of drinking water sourcesvii) Involvement of panchayats and

communityviii) Formation of VWSCs with women and

SC/ ST/ minority members and it’scapacity building

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ix) Water borne diseasesx) Water handlingxi) Wastewater and solid waste

managementxii) Sustainability of water sources though

various technologiesxiii) Hygiene behaviorxiv) Water quality & testingxv) Gender specific water issuesxvi) Water resources and treatmentxvii) Operation & Maintenance of water

systemsxviii) Management and planning of water

servicesxix) Low cost technological optionsxx) Safe water in schools and anganwadisxxi) Equity issues (SC/ ST/ minorities)xxii) Cost effectiveness of various options

Planning IEC Campaign

7. Following target groups should be kept inview while planning the campaign:

Primary Target Group : creatingawareness, raising the profile of issues andinvolving people in solving them – ruralcommunity, school going children andyouth, Panchayat members and villageelders/ community leadersSecondary Target Group: Other importantstakeholders and influencers (programmemanagers, district officials, etc.)

8. While planning the campaign, thefollowing should be considered:

for effective implementation of the IECcampaign, the following issues need to bekept in mind :– it is necessary to understand whose

behavior (target group) needs to bechanged;

– which behavior pattern needs to bechanged and in what direction;

– specific messages should be given tospecific groups;

hence it is necessary to know:– what do people already know and do in

terms of water and sanitation facilities;– their perception regarding health and

hygiene aspects;– how do they define safe water,

sustainability, sanitation, health andhygiene;

– how much importance do they attach tosafe drinking water sustainability andbasic sanitation facilities;

it is essential to establish in people’s mind therelationship between safe drinking water,sustainability, clean environment, sanitationand health and that these are not possiblewithout community participation; anda sense of community ownership,accountability and responsibility to useand maintain facilities should beinculcated. Involvement of differentimplementing agencies is required in orderto motivate the users in planning andimplementing of the project.

Suggested List of IECActivities at State Level

9. State IEC activities shall intensify andextend the reach of Behavior ChangeCommunication campaign. Selection of anycommunication medium is driven by theprogramme objective. While developing anycommunication activity it is necessary to keepin mind the requirement of the targetaudience in terms of information needed andthe manner in which it has to bedisseminated. Multiple channels are essentialto harness optimum results. The key audienceand merits of a media will be key factors inprioritizing the various channels.

10. The following suggested activities may beundertaken at State level:

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I. Mass Media

“Audio-Visual spots” shown on TV“Audio Spots/Jingles” broadcast throughradio.Street theatre to promote desirablebehavior through kala jathas, street plays,folk songs etc.Talk shows, panel discussions and expertlectures on related issues on national andregional channels

II. Print Media

Advertising in regional papers and magazinesDevelopment of concept for advertorialsand daily updatesCoverage of events, success stories inregional newspapersDevelopment and supply of brochures,pamphlets, leaflets, flip charts, etc.highlighting the initiatives taken up byGovernment, schemes, technologies,sources available at all levels,FAQs booklet

III. Outdoor Publicity

Development and supply of hoardings andbanners for panchayats offices, schools,anganwadis, health centers, railwaystations, bus stops, post offices, DistrictAdministration Offices, on buses, busstations, health sub-centre, Primary HealthCentres, Post office and PRI offices, chemistshops, banks, etc.

IV. Activities at School andAnganwadi level with involvementof students

Development of School Kit that includesbehaviour posters, leaflet for children andparents, leaflet for teachers and hand-washing poster;

Organizing State level essay and elocutioncompetitions on health and hygieneamong school children;Plan for awareness generation throughrallies, padyatras, etc.; andInvolvement of NSS, NSC, Scouts andNehru Yuvak Kendras (NYKs)

VI. Non-Conventional media

Using mobile messages (SMS);Message printed on inside and back coverpages of free textbooks and notebook.

VII. Other Relevant Activities

Development of communication kitcomprising of all IEC materials like posters,hoardings, banner, slogans, SMS messages,informative booklet, leaflets, audio-visualCDs, documentary films etc.;Celebrating National and International dayssuch as World Water day (March 22nd),World Toilet day (November 19th), HandWashing day (15th October or as modified),World Women’s day (March 8th),Environment day (June 5th), etc.;Participating in Republic Day paradethrough tableau or felicitation of PRIs,schools, motivators, students and otherstakeholders for best performance invarious schemes;Production of documentary on successstories and innovative practices andshowcasing it;Awarding schools with best health andhygiene condition at State, district andblock level;Partnership with other line departmentprogrammes such as NRHM, SSA, ICDS, etc.;Exposure visits at state, districts andpanchayat level;Celebrity endorsement : using celebrity forawareness generation on health andhygiene;

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Web based publicity; andImpact assessment through third partyagency to assess the effectiveness of thecommunication activities in terms ofquality and quantity

VIII. Capacity building and training

Training of Trainers for local artists at statelevel

IX. Advocacy and Networking

Media Communication workshop witheminent journalists from print & electronicmedia;Sensitization workshops for journalistsfrom print and electronic media; andSensitization workshops with Radio jockeysand programme production managersfrom Government Radio Channels.

IEC activities at the DistrictLevel

I. Mass Media

Telecast of “Audio-Visual spots” throughlocal cable networks;Broadcast of “Audio Spots/ Jingles” throughlocal FM channels;Awareness generation through local cableoperators.

II. Print Media

Distribution of IEC materials to schools,anganwadi, panchayats pradhans,students, teachers, health workers, keyopinion leaders, religious group members,individual beneficiaries, etc.Availability of above materials at relevantcommunity congregation points viz.District Administration Office, PRI-offices,

Post offices, schools, anganwadis, healthcenters, commercial/ market places, etc.

III. Inter-Personal communication

Use of SARAR and PRA techniques toinvolve the community and PRIs inidentifying the problem areas andintervention needed;Conducting focus group discussions andcommunity level and door to door; andHealth-walk especially for women andchildren.

IV. Outdoor Publicity

Hoardings and banners at panchayatsoffices, schools, anganwadi, health centers,railway stations, bus stops, post offices,District Administration Office, Health sub-centres, Primary Health Centres, PRI offices,chemists shops, bank, etc.Wall painting at village entrance, schoolsmandies, Panchayat offices, schools,anganwadis, health centers, railwaystations, bus stops, post offices, DistrictAdministration Office, Health sub-centres,Primary Health Centres, PRI offices,chemists shops, banks, etc.Panel/ messages inside and outside publictransport buses.

V. Activities at School andAnganwadi level with involvementof students

Distribution of School Kits that includesbehaviour posters, leaflet for children andparents, leaflet for teachers and hand-washing poster;Using children as communication agents tospread the awareness about health andhygiene;Poster making, wall painting, sloganwriting by students;

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Organizing various competitions like essaycompletion on health and hygiene amongschool children;Awareness generation through rallies, padyatras, etc.;Involvement of NSS, NSC, Scout and NYKs;Certificate for good habit for maintainingpersonal and environmental hygiene, tostudents by schools on periodical basis;andMessages on book covers for school children.

VI. Non-Conventional media

Use of video vans, street plays, folk group,sport events, etc.Interactive programmes at melas, mandisand haats; andAwareness through pad yatras, rallies,slogans, etc.


Production of documentary on successstories and innovative practices andshowcasing it;Awarding schools with best health andhygiene condition at district and blocklevel;Partnership with other line departmentprogrammes such as polio eradicationcampaign, immunization programme, etc.;Exposure visits at state, districts andpanchayat level to promote exchange ofideas and knowledge;Use of Interactive tools like folklore basedprogrammes, competitions, interactivegames; andWorkshop for local artist at district level.

IEC Activities at the Blocklevel

I. Mass Media

Broadcast of “Audio Spots/ Jingles” throughCommunity Radio.

II. Inter-Personal communication

Use of SARAR and PRA techniques toinvolve the community and PRIs inidentifying the problem areas andinterventions needed;Conducting focus group discussion anddoor-to-door interactions;Health walk especially for women andchildren; andCalling women baithak (meeting) todiscuss issues on health, hygiene, water,sanitation facilities, etc.


Hoardings and banners at panchayats offices,schools, anganwadi, health centers, railwaystations, bus stops, post offices, block offices,health sub-centres, Primary Health Centres,PRI offices, chemist’s shops, banks, etc.;Wall paintings at village entrance,schools, mandies, Panchayats offices,schools, anganwadis, health centers,railway stations, bus stops/ stations, postoffices, health sub-centres, PrimaryHealth Centres, PRI offices, chemist’sshops, banks, etc. andPanel/ message through public transportbuses inside and outside.

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VI. Activities at School andAnganwadi level with involvementof students

Using children as communication agent tospread the awareness about health andhygiene;Distributing daily activity chart on goodand bad habits to student to monitor atleast 5 houses on weekly basis;Shramdan in schools on weekly bases withsupervision by teacher and principal.Shramdan activities like cleaning of watersources, water collection utensil, cleaningschool campus, cleaning of sanitationfacilities and maintenance of personalhygiene; andName plate in schools displaying names ofstudents who are member of Swachatta club.Formation of Swachatta club by involvingstudents as in charge of the club; andPoster making, wall painting, sloganwriting by students.


Exposure visit at state, districts andpanchayat level;Exhibitions at block level; andUse of interactive tools viz. folklore-basedprogrammes, competitions, interactivegames, etc.

IEC Activities at the GramPanchayat / village level

I. Inter-Community communication

Use of community led approaches to triggerbehavioural change in safe water use, waterconservation and sanitation has been foundto be the most effective IEC activity.

II. Inter-Personal communication

Use of SARAR and PRA techniques toinvolve the community and PRIs inidentifying the underlying problem areasand intervention needed;Conducting focus group discussions anddoor-to-door interaction;Health walk especially for women andchildren; andCalling women’s baithak (meeting) todiscuss issues on health, hygiene, water,sanitation facilities, etc.


Public announcement through loudspeakers at village level by GPs;Tin plates on bus panels, cycle stands autorickshaw stands, gram panchayats, schools,anganwadi centers etc.;Wall tiling at bathing ghats, common well,village squares (congregation point) etc.;Stickers on hand pumps located in publicplaces; andStenciling in the village roads and othercongregation points.

IV. Non-Conventional media

Audio announcement at Azan, temples,dhabas, paanshops, etc.;Publicity in village haats, melas, religiousgathering, festival ceremony, sportscompetitions etc.;Interactive programme at melas, mandis,haats, etc.;Use of interactive tools viz. folklore-basedprogrammes, competitions, interactivegames, etc.;Announcement at public gathering e.g. busstand, railway platform, etc.Focus group meeting with SHGs.

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Implementation Plan

11. A proper plan based on the above need tobe developed well before the start of thefinancial year and should be followed duringthe year for effective IEC campaign.

12. Following key points should be consideredwhile implementing the IEC campaign:

Baseline survey to understand basicinformation about the target audience andtheir felt needs, problems and servicesavailable;Preparation of State, district, block andvillage Panchayat specific IEC strategy andmodules for carrying out the campaign;Formation of Village Water and SanitationCommittee (VWSC);Development and supply of requirednumber of IEC materials;Pre test of IEC material developed;Use of inter community communication andbehavior change communication strategywhile implementing the programme;Using interpersonal communication shouldbe an integral part of IEC strategy;

Conducting focus group discussion tounderstand needs, challenges andperception of the community about theprogrammes; andMonitoring and evaluation of the IEC byend use monitoring etc.

13. Funds available under Support Activities ofNRDWP along with State resources andassistance available from other sources shouldbe dovetailed while planning andimplementing the IEC campaign.

IEC Fund distribution

14. SWSM should approve the IEC plan andaccordingly distribute the funds for activitiesto be taken up at different levels. Out of thetotal available fund for IEC, about 10% fundsmay be allocated to activities at the Statelevel, 20% to activities at the district level, 10%to the block level and 60% for village levelactivities. This norm is flexible and activitiesshould be planned in such a manner thatthere is no duplication and economies of scaleare achieved.

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The State CCDU needs to hold Training NeedsAssessment workshops make an in-depthstudy to ascertain the training needs fordifferent stakeholders on different issues ofrural water and sanitation programme.

Based on the need assessment report CCDU, inco-ordination with STA and other State andnational Resource Centres, needs to develop"Training modules" for different stakeholderson different related subjects.Every year a Capacity Building Plan has to beprepared for training of the followingstakeholders at different levels:

Village level

Gram Panchayat and Village WaterSanitation Committee members, , Women,Masons, Self Help Group members, ,Motivators, Teachers, Anganwadi workers,Health workers/ASHA workers, NonGovernmental Organizations/CommunityBased Organizations, pump mechanics,pump operators, plumbers, water qualitytesters etc.

Annexure IV-B

Strategy for Implementation ofHRD Campaign

Block level

Gram Pradhans, Block Panchayat members,Block Development Officer, Health Officer,Education Officer, Non GovernmentalOrganisations, Junior Engineers, MasterMasons, Mechanics, Teachers etc.

District level

Block Panchayat Presidents, ZillaPanchayat members, PHED engineers,District Coordinator, Consultants, SupportStaff, , Non Government Organisations,District Water Sanitation Committeemembers, Development Officers, Otherrelated department officers

State level

Zilla Panchayat Presidents, State level PHEDEngineers, CEs, SEs, EEs, District Collectors,CEOs of ZP, Executive Engineers,Consultants of CCDU, Support staff ofCCDU, , Non Government Organisations,Other related department officers

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1. Background

The aim of the Government is to ensurepermanent drinking water security to allhouseholds in rural India, considering theguiding principles of potability, reliability,sustainability, convenience, equity andconsumer’s preference, while planning forcommunity-based drinking water supplyschemes. In this regard, measures to improveexisting drinking water sources throughconjunctive use of groundwater, surface-waterand rainwater harvesting will be adoptedbased on the village water security planprepared by the community.

Technical expertise is required at all levelsincluding the Panchayats to achieve the goal.Therefore, guidelines have been developed forengaging technical experts in rural watersupply and sanitation sector to support theState Governments in their endeavours in thisdirection. This is a part of the SupportActivities funded under the NRDWP.

2. Specific Objectives andTasks

To assist State Governments in providingappropriate technology and bringing insustainability to drinking water supplysystems, safe sanitation, proper handling ofwater and hygiene practices and solid/

Annexure IV-C

Guidelines for Engaging TechnicalExperts in Rural Water Supply andSanitation Sector

liquid waste management, etc.Assist in promoting sustainabletechnologies like Eco-sanitation.Assist in demand driven communitymobilized projects duly addressing equity,gender and vulnerability issues.Assist the States in developing district andState level Master Plans for water supplyand Sanitation.Assist in training/capacity building ofState/PRI officialsAssist in conducting National/State levelWorkshops both for water and sanitation.Attend the State Scheme SanctioningCommittee meetings and provide properdirection in approving good andsustainable projectsAssist in developing and publishingtechnical manuals/operational guidelines/publications/brochures/leaflets on water,sanitation, health and hygiene relatedissues.Evaluate technologies/conduct impactassessment studies on specific casesExploring sustainable and low costtechnologies, use of new and renewableenergy systems within and outside thecountry and disseminating the informationto the States.Assisting the States in using technologieslike GIS/Remote Sensing for preparinggood quality hydro-geo-morphologicalmaps and identification of appropriatesites for drilling for groundwater sources

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and for recharge structures.Review district water testing laboratoriesand provide necessary technical advice forimprovements/upgradation of these labs.

3. Qualification andExperience of TechnicalExperts and Methodology ofEmpanelment

The focus of extending technical support tothe State Governments is to utilize thetechnical competency of experts in the waterand sanitation sector who have worked atsenior positions.

The following are suggestive requirements forempanelment of these experts by theDepartment.

Relevant University/EngineeringDegree

At least 20 years of experience in seniorposition in any specific area relating to waterand sanitation sector e.g. environmentalengineering/ science, water supply andsanitation engineering, repair and installationof water treatment plants and designingoptimum cost distribution network, waterauditing, social auditing, energy auditing, newand renewable energy systems, impactassessment studies, ISO-14001 lead auditor,expertise in handling sludge/wastewater,ecological sanitation, geology, hydrology,chemistry, micro-biology, preventivemedicine, specialist diagnosis, creation of lowcost local solutions by conjunctive use ofwater, special techniques in ground waterrecharge, Oorani development and revival oftraditional ponds, roof-water harvesting,carbon credits exchange for bio-gasifiers,community mobilization , capacity building,software solutions for reducing O&M cost,

online monitoring, etc. or any related field ofwork.

4. Institutional Mechanism forEngaging Technical Experts

It is the responsibility of the STA to engagetechnical experts on specific assignments. Forpreparation of Sustainability projects, the STAmay depute technical expert(s) to theconcerned district. Once such projects areprepared, the STA may hire subject matterspecialists to examine these projects beforethey are submitted to the SLSSC for approval.

For other tasks e.g. preparation of manuals,hand books, review of projects, field visits foroverseeing implementation of newtechnology, impact assessment studies, etc.STA will hire the services of the Technicalexperts directly and involve them at the Statelevel.

5. Major Activities andFunding Pattern

Specific objectives and tasks have alreadybeen stated at Para 2.0. These tasks can bebroadly divided into the following categories:

Attending State level Scheme SanctioningCommittee (SLSSC)/State or Central leveldiscussions/Reviewing the Sustainabilitycomponent in projects already prepared bythe State Governments for sanction ofSLSSC/Review of water supply andSanitation projects. A brief report in 3copies will have to be prepared by thetechnical expert, of which one copy is to besubmitted to the Department of DWS andtwo copies to the concerned StateGovernment.Preparation of Projects by Technical Experts– These projects may be of two types i)

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DPRs/FRs already prepared by Stateofficials but IEC, HRD, Sustainability andEnvironmental sanitation component is notbuilt in and has to be designed with alldetails. ii) Totally new projects are requiredto be prepared along with IEC, HRD,Sustainability and Environmental sanitationcomponents with focus on developinglocal solutions through conjunctive use ofground water, surface and roof-waterharvesting. In either case, all relevant basicdata required for preparation of projectswill have to be provided by the StateGovernment. The Technical expert woulddesign the project based on the inputsfrom the State Government concerned. Theproject report preparation cost is to bebuilt into the total project cost. All suchreports would be placed for examinationby the State Technical Agency (STA) to becreated by all State Governments, which isone of important wings of the State Waterand Sanitation Mission. The SLSSC shouldnot approve any project unless the STAclears the said project in the first phase. Aset of additional technical experts fromreputed Institutions/Universities/Engineering Colleges can also be hired asempanelled specialists with the STA.

It is the responsibility of the StateGovernments to replicate any successfulsustainability model and experts shouldnot be hired for creating similar modelselsewhere.Developing Training Manuals/Modules/Design/Hand book, etc. on Water Supply orSanitationAssisting in conducting specific training/awareness generation programmeAssisting in conducting impact assessmentstudiesIt may be noted that no consultancy fee,honorarium will be payable to anytechnical expert. However, TA/DA, localtravel and incidental expenses etc. will bereimbursed by the State/UT Governmenton actual basis as per the existingGovernment of India guidelines for travelof Grade-A Central Government Officers onduty. This expenditure could be met fromthe funds provided to the State Water andSanitation Support Organization (WSSO)under the National Rural Drinking WaterProgramme A suggestive list of Technicalexperts State-wise has been provided inthe departmental web site. However, theState Governments are free to select theirexpert as per the local conditions based onthe provisions of the guidelines as above.

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The Department of Drinking Water Supply(DDWS) will continue to practice and promotee-governance activities within theDepartment and support the strengthening ofthese activities, at state level , during the 11thFive-Year Plan with priority on deployment ofstate MIS, capacity building, ContentManagement (adoption and integration ofGIS/Remote Sensing content with MIS),Compliance with census administrative codesand sharing the information in public domainthrough state PHED/RWSS website (forpromoting the RTI Act), connectivity,computerized grievance redressal and e-service delivery. The programme will alsocover the provision of computingenvironment at sub-division (sub-district inthe field offices of PHED/RWSS agencies) levelin the remaining states.

Government of India will provide financialsupport to the State Governments/NIC-DDWSunder NRDWP Support Fund on 100% Centralshare basis for the following items -

1 Computing Environmenta For Mission HQb New field offices at state/circle/zones/

divisionsc Remaining/new Sub Division officesd Upgradation of hardware and system

software2 Connectivity/Networking for remaining

sites/offices including sub division and VCfacility at state and Mission HQ.

3 Strengthening (Modification/addition/upgradation) of MIS/Application SoftwarePackage

Annexure V

Guideline on Computerisation andManagement Information System (MIS)

a Operation and Maintenance – MISb Development of State PHED/RWSS

Dynamic Website, its linkages withstate/DDWS MIS, making it compliantwith W3C accessibility/securitystandards, localization, e-documentation, Multimediapresentation and for sharingdepartmental data/informationdynamically, in public domain

4 Content Management - Compliance withCensus Codes, localization of data, andadherence to other standardized contentmanagement practices, GPS integratedhand held device deployment for field datacollection etc

5 Capacity Building for centrally developedapplications by DDWS (IMIS, newtechnology such as usage of GPS enableddevices/hand held devices etc)

6 GIS Developmenta GIS Hardware and system software (only

at Mission and State HQ Level)b GIS sensitization at IIRS/NRSC for

maximum 5-10 persons/state7 Central Monitoring Cell for ensuring the

effective implementation of the 11th Plan e-Governance Guidelines

8 Computerised Grievance Redressal systemat the State

9 Recurring Expenditure and consumablesfor state projects to be funded wholly fromState funds

MIS and Computerisation plan should beprepared as part of the Annual Action Planunder NRDWP (Support). Based on the plandiscussions with the DDWS the activities

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proposed in the plan are to be revised. TheSLSSC would have powers to approve therevised Plan activities for implementation,

During 9th Plan to part of 11th Plan period(upto 31.3.2009, funds were released to theStates to provide hardware/networkingsupport to State, Regional and District levelOffices of PHED and w.e.f. 1.4.2009 it isproposed to extend the same to sub-divisional offices of PHED in states

Funds released to States for computerizationof State, Regional and District PHED officesupto 31.3.2009 need to be utilized fully foritems approved by Government of India andexpenditure statement including utilizationcertificate to be submitted to GoI. Unspent/balance amount may be utilized for providinghardware/networking support and soft wareetc to the Sub-Division Offices of PHED.

As in the previous plan periods, NationalInformatics Centre (NIC) will continue to playrole of Chief Technical/e-GovernanceConsultant to the Department during 11thPlan period also. NIC will assist theDepartment at the National Level. The NICState Unit may assist the State Level SchemeSanctioning Committee (SLSSC) forimplementation of the Project in the identifiedareas stated above. At the center, NIC will be incharge of the management of centraldatabase and will be responsible for allsoftware development and training needs.These activities will be carried out throughpaid projects awarded to NIC/NICSI.

2 Computing Environment

With the fast changing specification/configuration of hardware in InformationTechnology Sector and fluctuation of rate ofdifferent components of the computerhardware/System software, all states are toadopt the specification and rates finalized by

the respective States/UTs Governmentsfollowing proper formalities, at the time ofprocurement of hardware.

2.1 Sub Division Offices and WaterQuality Testing Laboratories

Keeping in view the assistance provided to thestates, in the last two plan periods, subdivisionlevel computerization would be supported inthe current plan period. The following itemswill be allowed at Sub-Division Offices andwater quality testing laboratories.

I. Computing Environment at Subdivisionlevel officesa. Desktop with Operating System and

Office Automation Software (Two)b. Printer (One)c. UPS (Two)d. Portable Hard Drive, pen drive, internet

data card (as per requirement)e. Hand held (with integrated GPS) device

(Two/Subdivision)f. Internet connectivity through dial up/

lease line/VSAT/and associatednetwork equipment as found suitable

g. Installation of LAN based on switch/hub/repeater & CATS cabling

II. Computing Environment at Water QualityTesting Laboratoriesa. Desktop with Operating System and

Office Automation Software (One)b. Printer (One)c. UPS/CVT (One)d. Portable Hard Drive, pen drive, internet

data card (as per requirement)e. Internet connectivity through dial up/

lease line/VSAT/associated networkequipment as found suitable

2.2 Upgradation of hardware

Keeping in view, the pace of technicaladvancement and innovations, all hardware

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provided under the erstwhile MIS projectsmay be declared obsolete after five years fromthe date of purchase and can be replaced withnew hardware of higher specifications andnecessary system software after due approvalfrom SLSSC Buy back options could also beconsidered.

3. Connectivity/Networking/Video Conferencing Facility

a Installation of LAN based on Hub/Switchand cabling at new offices and remainingSub-Division level (As per requirement).

b Installation of a VC facility at CE offices andState PHED/RWSS Secretary and DDWS HQ(One in each office).

4. Strengthening ofApplication Software /MISPackage Implementation

During the 10th plan, States were offered andprovided funds for development of MISSoftware. As a result, a few states are engagedin deploying their information systems.Successful deployment and sustenance ofthese state MIS would require operation andmaintenance (MIS O&M) funds. Such O&Mexpenditure may be borne from the NRDWPSupport funds with the approval of SLSSCprovided the following conditions ofdeployment and usage are met:

The deployment of MIS, in the followingminimum areas should have been successfullycompleted with data granularity of habitation-wise water sources/systems and the systemfully utilized on a day to day basis with dataavailable in public domain. This is required torealize state specific web based informationsystem, on the lines of IMIS, so that the datacould be exchanged between state systemand IMIS electronically and repetitive data

entry is avoided. This is non-negotiableprecondition for any further funding underthese guidelines.

Habitation data with 100% linkage toCensus 2001 dataFinance and works AccountingScheme/Assets and ProgrammeManagementWater Quality Monitoring & SurveillanceProgrammeInventory management of majorprocurement items like pipes etc.E-tendering/e-procurement.

5. Content Management

For making MIS data compliant with 2001Census Codes, localization of data andadherence to other standardized contentmanagement practices, funding can be metfrom Support component based on data entryman-months as per requirements. Cost ofengaging enumerators for one time GPSsurvey of water sources can also be met fromthis component as per requirements.

6. Capacity Building

Funds can also be used for capacity buildingfor centrally developed applications by DDWSincluding usage of GPS enabled devices/handheld devices for mobile application, throughfield level training programmes as well as webbased multimedia videos and presentations.

7. GIS Development

GIS application development costs could befunded with approval of SLSSC in states whichhave moved into the third phase ofcomputerization where governance is fullybased on web based digital information andnew innovative technologies have beenadopted. For such states, equipments/

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activities, for GIS development at the HeadOffice of the State Government dealing withRural Water Supply and Sanitation, , will besupported under Support component.

7(a) GIS Hardware and Software at StateHeadquarters

i. PC with OS - 2ii. A0 Size Scanner cum Printer - 1iii. A0 Plotter - 1iv. UPS 3 KVAv. Digitizer A3 Size - 1vi. GIS software (as per requirement)

7(b) Development of web enabled GISpackage integrated with already developedMIS and Content Management (Digitization,scanning, web enabled GIS Integration withexisting MIS)

8. Role of NIC/NICSI

Funds will be provided to NIC/NICSI based onproposals submitted by NIC/NICSI, forexecution of these guidelines at the centrallevel and extensive capacity building at fieldlevel, as and when required. This will includeapplication development and deploymentcharges, manpower charges, hardware andsystem software expenses, data entryexpenses, provision of space, site preparation,honorarium of officers/contract personnel andtravel expenses of officers and contractpersonnel who will have to travel forextending support at State/Regional level. Thisshould also include the fund requirements forparticipation of group/cell members inconferences/workshops/training programmesetc for enhancement of their skill sets.

For effective monitoring, contract persons(Consultants, Designer, Programmers, DataEntry Operators and other staff ) may be hired,through NICSI or through other suitableagencies, if required.

9. Procurement

The procurement of hardware and officeautomation software will be done by StateGovernments after the project is approved bySLSSC. All the related procurement andfinancial norms as prescribed by therespective state governments for procurementof computers, hardware and software shouldbe followed.

10. Annual Maintenance

Comprehensive Annual Maintenance Contract(AMC) should be entered into by therespective State/UT Governments/Agencieswith the selected vendor or any otherappropriate agency.

11. Installment of Release ofFunds to NIC/NICSI

For proposals submitted by NIC/NICSI, forexecution of these guidelines through theCentral Monitoring Cell, funds would bereleased to the executing agency in twoinstallments. The 1st installment (60%) wouldbe released after approval of the project byDDWS. The last installment (40%) would bereleased after submission of expenditurestatement by NIC/NICSI and 60% utilization offunds released in 1st installment. In case thefunds cannot be utilized by NIC/NICSI, thesame should be fully refunded to GoI.

12. Completion of ProjectSanctioned

Project sanctioned must be completed withinthe project period. In case it is not completed,valid reasons will have to be submitted by theStates/UTs Government, failing which fundswould have to be reimbursed to Governmentof India.

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1. Introduction

Research and Development in the field ofRural Water Supply and Sanitationprogramme is one of the support activitiesof the Department of DWS for which100% funding to research organizationsincluding NGOs is given by the CentralGovernment.

To strengthen the R&D facilities in theconcerned Departments in various States,State Governments are encouraged toestablish R&D cells with adequate manpowerand infrastructure and fund State specificresearch projects from the NRDWP (Support)funds.

2. Priority areas for researchand development (R&D)initiatives in rural drinkingwater and sanitation sector

Department of Drinking Water Supply,Ministry of Rural Development, Governmentof India has identified the following priorityareas for sponsoring research anddevelopment projects in rural drinking waterand sanitation sector and seeks R&D proposalsfrom well established R&D institutions,Universities, etc.:

Annexure VI

Policy Guidelines on Research andDevelopment for Rural Water Supply andSanitation Sector

Priority area – I

Water resources exploration,assessment & exploitation relatedtechnology development

Specialized geo-physical interventions forproblem areas;Remote sensing applications in specificareas (other than hydro-geo-morphologicalmaps) including temporal changes in landuse and interventions on creation ofground water sanctuaries;Improvement of traditional springs/ tanks/ponds/ surangams including monitoring;Evaporation control in drinking waterbased surface water courses; andDissemination of efficient technologiesthrough universities and reputedorganizations.

Priority area – II

Technology development forimprovement in water extractiontechniques

Improvements in hand pump/ attachmentslike dual pumps energy saving pumps/windmill/ solar pumps/ hydraulic rams;Improving energy efficiency for reducingO&M costs for projects using conventionalpower;

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Improvement in tube-well efficiency(strainer, gravel pack);Improvement on rejuvenation techniques(caving of wells/ clogged strainers/ cloggedinfiltration gallery).

Priority area – III

Water scarcity reduction and relatedtechnology development

Artificial recharge/ control of salinityingress/ evaporation reduction techniques/desalination;Water saving irrigation/ industry/ reuse andrecycling/ tap leakage detection andprevention improved storage anddistribution inexpensive storage tanks(ferro-cement)/ distribution pipes (PVC,bamboo);Improvements in distribution network ofwater supply projects for reducing waterlosses including unaccounted losses;Recovery of pure water from wastewater/sludge generated from clari-flocculatorsand improved methods of alum recovery;Special interventions for providing safedrinking water in drought prone and flood-hit areas; andCost optimization and improvements ontypes of materials, structure, storage, etc.For rainwater harvesting structures.

Priority area – IV

Technology for water qualityenhancement for rural areas

Development of water quality kit;Technologies for treatment of excesssalinity/ sulphate/ nitrate/ arsenic/fluoride/ iron, etc.;Bacteria/ virus and related micro-biological/ genetic engineering impacts

with respect to unsafe drinking waterquality;Development of water qualityenhancement - tablets/ powders/ portableheaters/ traditional herbs and processes;Various methods of disinfection includingnewer technologies like ozonation, copper-silver ionization, etc.;Environment friendly sludge disposalmethodologies from treatment plants; andImproving efficiency of RO plants andreduction of O&M cost through use of solarphotovoltaic (PV) cells.

Priority area – V

Watershed management to optimisedrinking water supply

Delineation and resource inventory of themicro or mini watersheds;Maximization of water conservation andminimization of environmental degradationlike erosion, sedimentation, etc..;Conjunctive use of water resources –development of effective models; andPilot studies on convergence of variouscentrally sponsored schemes for achievingdrinking water security.

Priority area – VI

Water-health interaction in the socioeconomic cultural set up

Interface problems between engineers/geologists/ medical scientists on water andsanitation issues;Correlation between water constraints andquality of life, especially forcommunication and social mobilizationstrategies;Nutritional intervention in Fluoride andArsenic affected villages;

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Methods of bringing about behaviouralchanges in sanitation, safe water use, etc.;Improving water and sanitationgovernance;R&D projects based on multi-centric studies;Governance and conflict resolutions inwater and sanitation sector; andChange management of rural water supplysector Engineers/ Scientists.

Priority area – VII

Development of appropriate ruralsanitation technology

Design of improved leach pit;Hygienic rural toilets;Utilization of kitchen waste;Protection of open wells/ ponds andimproved methods of sanitary survey;Ecological sanitation and methods forenhancing fertilizer value of digestedmaterial;Improved methods of solid and liquidwaste management;

Solid waste management especially withregard to reuse/ recycle/ reduce use ofplastics; andWomen menstrual hygiene, baby friendlytoilets, special toilets for disabled, infantsanitation, etc.

Note: thrust will be given on technologydevelopment and demonstration and provingthem in the field through trials and transfer oftechnology for large scale application.

3. Approach

The detailed guideline on R&D activitiesmay be seen at the web site http://ddws.gov.in under programme - R&D. TheState Government may take up R&Dprojects in consultation with STA underState Water and Sanitation Organization(WSSO) with the approval of SLSSC. Fortaking up such R&D projects, GoI guidelinesissued by Department of Drinking WaterSupply, Ministry of Rural Development maybe adhered to.

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1. State Water and SanitationMission (SWSM)

As a step towards achieving coordination andconvergence among State Departmentsdealing with Rural Drinking Water Supply,Rural Sanitation, School Education, Health,Women and Child Development, WaterResources, Agriculture etc. a State Water andSanitation Mission should be set up at theState/UT level. It shall be a registered societyunder the aegis of the Department/Board/Nigam/Authority/Agency implementing ruralwater supply programme in the State. It willbe providing the operational flexibility to theStates/UTs, so that the desired thrust is madeavailable for an integrated implementation ofand institutionalizing communityparticipation under Rural Water SupplyProgramme and Total Sanitation Campaign(TSC). The State Water and Sanitation Mission(SWSM) shall be headed by the ChiefSecretary/Additional Chief Secretary/Development Commissioner with Secretariesin-charge of PHED, Rural Development (RD),Panchayati Raj (PR), Finance, Health,Education, Women and Child Development,Water Resources, Agriculture, Information andPublic Relations (I&PR) as members. Secretary(PHED) (or the Department concerned withrural water supply) shall be the nodalSecretary responsible for all the SWSMactivities and for convening the meetings ofthe Mission. Experts in the field of Hydrology,IEC, HRD, MIS, Media, NGOs etc. may be co-opted as members.

Annexure VII

Institutional Set Up at State, District andVillage Levels

The State Water and Sanitation Mission(SWSM) would have the following functions:

– Provide policy guidance;– Convergence of water supply and

sanitation activities including SpecialProjects;

– Coordination with various StateGovernment Departments and otherpartners in relevant activities;

– Monitoring and evaluation of physical andfinancial performance and management ofthe water supply and sanitation projects;

– Integrating communication and capacitydevelopment programmes for both watersupply and sanitation;

– Maintaining the accounts for ProgrammeFund and Support Fund and carrying outthe required audits for the accounts.

2. State Level SchemeSanctioning Committee(SLSSC)

One of the policy issues mentioned in theNational Rural Drinking Water Programmeguideline is about delegation of power forgiving technical and administrative approvalto the State Government in order to avoidadministrative bottlenecks in the execution ofthe rural water supply schemes and relatedSupport activities viz., CCDU, WQM&S, MIS,R&D, M&E, STA etc.

The delegation of powers is subject to thecondition that the State Governments have to

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ensure that proper system of close monitoringand evaluation is in place. The StateGovernments should furnish complete andtimely information to enable the Governmentof India to release funds regularly.

In this regard, all States are to constitute a“State Level Scheme Sanctioning Committee”(SLSSC) with the following members:

– Secretary PHED/Rural Water SupplyDepartment: Chairperson

– Engineer-in Chief, PHED/Rural WaterSupply Department: Member Secretary

– Representative of Department of DrinkingWater Supply , GoI: Member

– Representative of CGWB, StateRepresentative: Member

– Representative of State and Central WaterCommission/Board: Member

– Representative of State Technical Agency(STA)

– Technical Expert from reputed State and/or National related institutions

– Chief Engineer, Planning PHED/Rural WaterSupply Department; Member

– Director, Water and Sanitation SupportOrganization

– Any other member (need based)nominated by State Secretary, PHED.

The agenda note for the meeting should besent to the DDWS 15 days in advance and itsrepresentative should invariably be invited toattend the meeting of the State Level SchemeSanctioning Committee. All the RWS projectsand Support activities under all heads to betaken up by the State Government are to beapproved by SLSSC.

The functions of SLSSC are:

– Before the beginning of every year, theState Government will have to prepare anAnnual Action Plan on the habitations to betargeted adhering to the prioritisation ofhabitations to be covered as laid down in

the Guidelines, schemes to be taken up andother activities to be taken up in the year.

– Based on the Annual Action Plan that isfinalized after discussions with the DDWSbefore or in the beginning of the year, thehabitations to be targeted and schemes tobe taken up for approval of the State levelScheme Sanctioning Committee should befirmed up and marked on the IMIS.

– Annual Action Plan of all support activitiesunder CCDU, WQM & S, MIS, R&D, M&E etc.,to be under taken by State Water andSanitation Support Organization needs toprepared and got approved in the SLSSC asper the guidelines issued by DDWS.

– The schemes put up for approval in thecommittee should be cleared by the SourceFinding Committee and technical approvalshould be given by the competentauthority of the State/UT.

– State Level Scheme Sanctioning Committeeshould ensure that all the approvedprojects are entered on the central onlineMIS for accounting of habitationsaddressed/covered during the year.

– Meetings of the Committee should be heldat least twice in a year, wherein apart fromsanctioning new schemes, progress,completion and commissioning of theschemes approved earlier by theCommittee should be reviewed.

– The Committee should invariably reviewthe functioning/performance of existingwater supply schemes for availability ofpotable drinking water in adequatequantity in the rural habitations of theState/UT.

3. State Technical Agency(STA)

SWSM in each State in consultation with theDepartment will identify reputed TechnicalInstitutions, designated as State TechnicalAgencies (STA) to which technical support toPHED/Boards can be outsourced. The STA will

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be used to fill up gaps in the technical needsof the PHED, as and when required, withoutresorting to creation of posts and recruitment.PHED/Boards may outsource the designingpreparation of rural water supply projects andcarrying out state specific R&D activities or anyother input required by the Department, suchas preparation of village water security planetc. The broad function of STA is given below:

– To assist the State Department to plan anddesign scientifically sound and costeffective rural water supply schemes withspecial emphasis on sustainability of thesource and system.

– To assist the PHED in preparation of actionplan for both software activities andhardware activities.

– To evaluate and scrutinize major/complicated water supply schemes asassigned by the SLSSC/PHED forconsideration under SLSSC.

– To provide feedback to the SWSM/SLSSC/PHED on various aspects of programme andproblems encountered in planning andimplementation at the field level for possiblechanges/solution at the State level.

– To engage technical experts on specificassignments

4. Water and SanitationSupport Organization

All States will have to set up Water andSanitation Support Organization (WSSO)

under State Water and Sanitation Mission(SWSM) to deal with NRWQM&S (DWT Labs),MIS/Computerization project, M&E andIEC&HRD (CCDU), R&D, etc. These areactivities for which 100% fund are provided(as Support Funds) by Department ofDrinking Water Supply, Ministry of RuralDevelopment, Government of India. Thepersonnel can be engaged as per CCDUguidelines and the State Governmentshould clearly define their role andfunctions. The main functions of WSSO areas follows:

– This organization would only deal withsoftware aspect of RWS sector and may notbe involved in implementation of watersupply schemes;

– The organizations main function would beto act as a facilitating agency and wouldfunction as a bridge between the PHED/Board and the Community Organizations,assisting the PRIs and VWSCs to preparewater security plan and plan, implementand maintain RWS projects based on thewater security plan;

– Take up HRD and IEC activities throughCCDU;

– Take up evaluation studies, impactassessment studies, R&D activities andshare the findings with PHED for correctiveaction;

– Take up MIS and computerizationprogrammes, GIS mapping and onlinemonitoring systems, including those forwater quality monitoring & surveillance.

Post Numbers Source of Recruitment

1. Director 01 PHED/on deputation/ contract2. State Coordinator 01 PHED/on deputation/ contract3. Accountant 01 PHED/on deputation/contract4. Consultants 03 contract5. Data Entry Operator 02 contract

TA/DA for State Coordinator/Consultants as per State Govt. TA/DA norms

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5. District Water andSanitation Mission (DWSM)

A District Water and Sanitation Mission(DWSM) shall be constituted at the districtlevel and should function under thesupervision, control and guidance of ZillaPanchayat/Parishad. States which do not havea proper PRI set up in place, as in case of 6th

Schedule Areas and desire to supervise theworking of the DWSM through alternativemechanism, may put in place a suitable bodythrough which the District Water Security Planwill be prepared and implemented. The entirevillage water security plan should beconsolidated and analyzed at the district levelby DWSM. It should prepare a district basedwater security plan under the guidance ofDWSM for implementation. At the districtlevel, convergence of all the other relatedprogrammes and funding should be ensured.Some of the major related programmes are,MGNREGS, Integrated WatershedManagement Programme projects of Dept. ofLand Resources, Ministry of RuralDevelopment, Central and State FinanceCommission funds , NRHM, various Watershedand Irrigation schemes of the Ministry ofAgriculture, various schemes of the Ministry ofWater Resources etc. The composition andfunctions of DWSM should be as follows:

– DWSM shall be headed by Chairman ofZilla Parishad. In Districts where ZillaParishads have not been constituted andthere is no Chairman in place, theChairman of the District PlanningCommittee or the District Collector/DeputyCommissioner, as may be decided by theState Water and Sanitation Mission will bethe Chairperson of the DWSM.

– The members would be – all MPs/MLAsand MLCs of the District; Chairperson ofthe Standing Committees of the ZillaParishad; District Collector/Deputy

Commissioner, District Officers ofEducation, Health, Panchayati Raj, SocialWelfare, ICDS, PHED, Water Resources,Agriculture, Information and PublicRelation;

– NGOs shall be identified by the DistrictWater and Sanitation Mission and co-optedinto the Mission as members.

– The Executive Engineer of PHED/DistrictEngineer of the ZP shall be the MemberSecretary and the Drawing and DisbursingOfficer. The Member Secretary shall ensureutilisation of the existing infrastructurewith him for administrative support for daytoday functioning.

– The Mission shall meet at least quarterly. Incase of MPs/MLAs/MLCs of the district whoare also Ministers in Central/StateGovernments, they may be allowed todepute one representative each on theirbehalf to the District Water and SanitationMission.

The functions of the District Water &Sanitation Mission (DWSM) are as follows:– formulation, management and

monitoring of projects and progress ondrinking water security and totalsanitation in rural areas;

– scrutiny and approval of the schemessubmitted by the Block Panchayat/Gram Panchayat and forwarding themto SLSSC where necessary;

– selection of agencies and/ NGOs andenter into agreements for socialmobilisation, capacity development,communication, project managementand supervision,

– sensitising the public representatives,officials and the general public;

– engaging Institutions for impartingtraining for capacity development of allstakeholders, and undertakingcommunication campaign;

– coordination of matters relating towater and sanitation between district

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representatives of Health, Education,Forests, Agriculture, Rural Development,etc as well as National programmessuch as SSA, NRHM, ICDS, etc; and

– interaction with SWSM, StateGovernment and the Government ofIndia.

6. Gram Panchayat, GramSabha and Village Water &Sanitation Committee

The Gram Panchayats should be empoweredwith funds, functions and functionaries andcapacity building to plan, monitor, implementand manage rural drinking water supply orschemes within their jurisdiction.Meetings of the Gram Sabha as the primaryblock of decentralized governance should becalled in the planning, implementation andmanagement phase of water supply schemesto decide on issues like demand, level ofservice delivery, type of scheme, contributionby households, concessions to SCs, STs andBPL households, user charges etc.

In order to further decentralize powers andresponsibilities and to give greater focus onwater and sanitation issues, a Village Waterand Sanitation Committee (VWSC) is to beset up in each Gram Panchayat/Village/Wardfor implementation of water supplyschemes to ensure the active participationof villagers. This Committee may be mergedwith the Village Health Committee set upunder NRHM, so that water, sanitation andhealth issues are tackled together at thevillage/ward level. The membership of aVWSC may consist of about 6 to 12 persons,comprising members of Panchayat. Women,SCs, STs and poorer sections of the villageshould be given due representation in the

VWSC. At least 50% of VWSC membersshould be women. This Committee shallfunction as a Standing Committee on Waterand Sanitation of the Gram Panchayat andshould be an integral part of the VillagePanchayat / Block Panchayat for which, ifnecessary, appropriate amendments in theState Panchayati Raj Act / Rules / Byelawsmay be made.

VWSC will be responsible for:

– planning, designing, and implementing alldrinking water and sanitation activities;

– providing facts and figures to the GramPanchayat for reviewing water andsanitation issues.

– providing inputs for the Village WaterSecurity Plan;

– ensuring community participation anddecision making in all phases of schemeactivities;

– organising community contributionstowards capital costs, both in cash andkind (land, labour or materials), if any;

– opening and managing bank account fordepositing community cash contributions,O&M funds and management of projectfunds;

– commissioning and takeover of completedwater supply and sanitation worksthrough a joint inspection with LineDepartment Staff;

– collection of funds through a tariff,charges and deposit system for O&M ofwater supply and sanitation works forproper managing and financing of O&M ofthe services on a sustainable basis; andempowering of women for day to dayoperation and repairs of the scheme;

– for multi village schemes, the StandingCommittee of the Block Panchayat couldperform a similar role.

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7. Desirable qualificationsand experience of CCDUSpecialist Staff (suggestive)

I Director

Task & Qualification– As an Administrative & Technical Head of

CCDU it is desirable that the person hasminimum 15 years of RWS&S sectorknowledge and good understanding abouttraining needs of stakeholders particularlythat of PRI/VWSC functionaries. It is alsodesirable that the person understandsCommunity Participatory Techniques andIEC modules relevant to the sector and isable to develop effective HRD and IECmodules for different stakeholders. Shouldhave experience in programme and projectmonitoring and evaluation particularlyRWS&S sector.

– Coordinate with all key / resourceinstitutions for planning / developingtraining packages

– Liaise with State Governments / Institutions/ external support agencies to developtraining strategies and implement trainingto accelerate the pace of reforms underRWSS sector.

– Develop monitoring and evaluation plan;monitoring and evaluation formats andmechanisms for HRD implementation andits qualitative impact

Post-Graduate Degree in Science / EnvironmentalScience / HRD/ Environmental Engineering withat least 15 years experience is desirable.

II State Co-coordinator

Task & QualificationPost-Graduate Degree in Science /Environmental Science / HRD/ Environmental

Engineering with at least 7 years experience isdesirable; or

Graduate Degree in Science / EnvironmentalScience / HRD/ Environmental Engineeringwith at least 10 years experience.

As a State Co-coordinator the tasks remain thesame as that of the Director.

III Consultants

(i) HRD Specialist

Tasks:– Identify training needs and develop

suitable training modules for RWS, TSC andSchool Sanitation

– Prepare Annual Capacity Building Plan forthe State and guide the districts inpreparing their plans

– Analyze progress reports sent by districtson HRD programmes for review

– Record and update all fund releases tostates / districts

– Follow up with districts for regularmonthly / quarterly / annual onlinereporting

– Visit districts to monitor implementationas and when directed

– Prepare & analyse quarterly progressreports for discussion and review withdistrict and block level functionaries

– Undertake any other assignment asdirected by Director (CCDU)

Minimum Requirements:a. Post-Graduate Degree in Science /

Environmental Science / HRD/Environmental Engineering with at least 3years experience in Conducting Trainings /Human Resource Development related toRural & Community Development orsimilar field

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b. Knowledge of participatory methods andtheir application will be an advantage

c. Preference for candidates with experiencein Rural Water Supply and rural SanitationProgramme

d. Knowledge, ability to use computer; MSOffice including graphics is essential

e. Should have excellent written and oralcommunication skills

f. Should be updated on development issues,social policies and the ability to liaise withdifferent government departments,resource institutions, NGOs, individualexperts

g. Ability to work with various partners;establish good working relationships;ability to analyse, negotiate will beadditional advantages

(ii) IEC Specialist

Tasks:– All matters related to IEC activities under

the Rural Water Supply and SanitationProgramme

– Develop guidelines, guidance manuals andtechnical notes on ProgrammeCommunications for all the programmesunder RWSS Sector

– Preparation of Annual IEC plan for the Stateand guide the districts to prepare their ownplans

– Coordinate dissemination of available IECmaterials for Water & Sanitation to alldistrict and blocks

– Documentation of success stories/ bestpractices/ institutional arrangements etc

– Assist in organising review meetings,seminars, workshops on communicationfor sanitation / hygiene education; preparebase papers and final reports

– To advise District implementing agencieson IEC aspects of RWS & TSCimplementation: (demand creation / IEC,hygiene promotion, school sanitation &

hygiene, technical options, alternativedelivery systems, self-help groups, micro-financing for water & sanitation)

– Prepare quarterly progress reports fordiscussions and review with district andblock functionaries

Minimum requirements:a. A postgraduate degree in Social Work /

Social Science / Extension Services /Communications for Developmentwith at least 3 years experience inthe field of communication for RuralWater Supply & Sanitation / CommunityHealth

b. Good knowledge & experience of the ruralwater supply & sanitation programmes, PRIsystems and NGO network

c. Experience in Communication Strategydevelopment, implementation and impactassessment of IEC interventions

d. Knowledge, ability to use computer; MSOffice including graphics is essential

e. Excellent written and oral communicationskills

f. Ability to work independently without anysecretarial support

g. Should be updated on development issues,social policies and have the ability to liaisewith various departments, institutions,NGOs and experts

h. Ability to establish good workingrelationships, analyse, negotiate will beadditional advantages

(iii) M&E Specialist

Tasks:- Ensure data updation and online reporting

for all the ongoing RWS&S Projects/Programmes under Rural Water Supply andSanitation sector,

- Undertake independent monitoring of theimplementation of and evaluation of theRWS and TSC programmes.

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- Analyse physical and financial progress andprepare status report for SWSM/SLSSCmeetings.

- Critically analyse the processes adoptedunder RWS and TSC by each district andprepare review report.

- Liaise with key/resource institutions fordeveloping a monitoring network.

- Assist in organizing review meetings,seminars, workshops, on M&E aspect of theRWS&S programme

- Visit districts and blocks to monitor &evaluate the M&E programme adopted andsubmit reports to Director (CCDU)

- Undertake any other assignment asdirected by Director (CCDU)

Minimum requirementsa. A degree in Environmental/ Public Health

Engineering; or post graduate degree inScience / Statistics / Social Science / with atleast 3 years experience in the field ofmonitoring of Rural Water Supply and

Sanitation Rural DevelopmentProgrammes.

b. Good knowledge of RWSS/RuralDevelopment Programmes and PRIsfunctioning

c. Knowledge of Evaluation, Monitoring andAppraisal of RWSS / Rural DevelopmentProgrammes

d. Knowledge and ability to use computer, MSoffice including graphics is essential

e. Knowledge of web based / web enabled M& E programmes desirable

f. Excellent written and oral communicationskills

g. Ability to work independently without anysecretarial support

h. Should be updated on development issues,social policies and have the ability to liaisewith various departments, institutions,NGOs and experts

i. Ability to establish good workingrelationships analyze, negotiate will beadditional advantages.

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1. This Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)is drawn on the __________day of______________, 20___ between the StateGovernment of ___________ and theDepartment of Drinking Water Supply,Ministry of Rural Development, Governmentof India, for the Eleventh Plan Period.

2. Government investments in rural watersupply and sanitation aim to reduce theincidence of water and sanitation relateddiseases, by advancing the nation towardsuniversal access to protected andsustainable drinking water supply, theuniversal use of sanitary toilets and soundpersonal, home and community hygienebehavior.

3. The State Government is committed tofollow the parameters of Centrally Sponsoredschemes in rural drinking water and sanitationsector, including the following priorities forcoverage of rural habitations: -

Meeting the National goal by 2012 for:a) Coverage of all rural habitations with

availability of adequate safe water tomeet drinking and cooking and otherdomestic needs.

b) Covering all habitations that have waterquality problems.

Annexure VIII

Memorandum of Understandingbetween State Government of ________and the Department of Drinking WaterSupply, Ministry of Rural Development,Government of India

c) Covering ‘slipped back’ habitations withbuilt-in sustainability component as pernorms prescribed by the StateGovernment.

In preparing Annual Action Plans underNRDWP highest priority will be given tocoverage of 0% population coveredhabitations and quality affected habitations,followed by 0-25%, 25%-50%, 50%-75%,75%-100% population covered habitations.Give priority to coverage of SC, ST, OBC andminority population dominatedhabitations.Coverage of all Government rural schoolsand Anganwadis where safe drinking watersources could not be provided underoutlays allocated by the Department ofSchool Education and Literacy, , Ministry ofHuman Resource Development or CentralFinance Commission Funds.Norms in term of lpcd and distance forcoverage of population may be decided bythe respective State Government.Prepare a Strategic plan for covering allhouseholds with piped drinking watersupply within the household premises.

4. The State Government commits to attainfull sanitation coverage in the rural areas bythe end of the XIth Plan. It is committed toallocate the funds required for its share of the

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projects and actively promote sanitationthrough appropriate IEC.

5. The State Government commits that theflow of funds to the rural drinking waterand sanitation sector by it, would over timebe appropriately enhanced so as to attainthe goals set by the Central and StateGovernment by the stipulated dates. TheState Government undertakes to makeprovision in its budget to provide its share,where required, of funding.

6. The monitoring of water quality (to ensurethat it is safe) is the responsibility of thesupplier i.e. State Government and thePanchayats. The State Health Departmentand the users shall be given theresponsibility for water quality surveillance.

7. The State Government will ensure thateach water supply scheme will incorporate,as appropriate, source-strengtheningconservation measures, rain waterharvesting and ground water rechargesystems for source sustainability. Thiswould be achieved by converging withMGNREGS, Integrated WatershedManagement Programme and schemes ofother Departments.

8. The State Government shall take steps toset up independent monitoringarrangements at the State and districtlevels to regularly assess, document anddisseminate at periodic intervals themanner in which the processes andprojects are being executed and the impactof these projects in terms of householdsusing drinking water from protectedsources, households using clean toilets,people washing hands before eating andafter defecation, and households disposingthe excreta of children in a safe manner..

9. The State Government shall regulateextraction of groundwater in overexploited, critical and semi-critical blocksfor effective ground water extractioncontrol and recharge.

10.The State Government shall ensureintegration of rural drinking water,sanitation, health, and hygieneprogrammes at the State, District, Blockand GP levels.

11.The State Government is committed to atimetable for decentralization of servicedelivery for rural water supply andsanitation. (Timetable is to be decided byState for the following aspects. Theincremental progress is to be indicated inthe Annual Action Plan.).

Putting in place an appropriatedelivery structure at the district, Block andGram Panchayat levels (DWSM, VWSCunder GP).Empowering PRIs/DWSM/VWSC/communities to have the powers to plan,sanction, implement, operate, maintainand manage water supply and sanitationschemes.Providing technical, administrative supportto the GPs/DWSM/VWSCs. JE rank supportfor a group of GPs.Undertaking necessary legislativemeasures to ensure transfer of assets toand their management by PRIs.Vesting responsibility of O&M with thePRIs/VWSCs.Empowering PRIs/VWSCs to charge for theservice provided.Involving GPs in monitoring wateravailability, demand management andconservation.Creation of a Village O&M Fund.Capacity building of all stakeholders.

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13.The State Government will carry outactivity mapping indicating the process,time frame and incremental improvementtowards transfer of “funds, functions andfunctionaries” to the three tiers ofPanchayati Raj Institution in such a way asto enable them to plan, implement andmanage the rural water supply programme.

14.The role of Department of DrinkingWater Supply, Ministry of RuralDevelopment, Government of India wouldbe to provide necessary financial andtechnical support to the State Governmentin their efforts.

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Name of the State/UT: (Rs. in lakh)

NRDWP1. Unutilised opening balance as on 1st April of the previous year

NRDWPDDP – AreasSupport fundsSpecial assistance, if any

2. Amount released during the previous yearNRDWPDDP – AreasSupport fundsSpecial assistance, if any

3. Total Available funds during the previous yearNRDWPDDP – AreasSupport fundsSpecial assistance, if any

4. Expenditure during the previous yearA. NRDWP

a) Coverageb) Water Qualityc) Sustainabilityd) O&M

B. DDP – AreasC. Support fundsD. Special assistance, if any (e.g. Calamity fund release)

Annexure IX

Proforma for Release of Funds UnderNational Rural Drinking WaterProgramme (NRDWP)

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5. Unutilised closing balance at the end of the previous year as per IMIS reportA. NRDWP



6. Amount released during the current financial year:A. NRDWP

a) Coverageb Water Qualityc) Sustainabilityd) O&M


7. Total available funds during the current financial year:A. NRDWP



8. Expenditure as per latest IMIS reportA. NRDWP



MNP9. Provision during the last year

Expenditure incurred during the previous year

10. Provision during the current financial year

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Expenditure upto the last month as per IMIS reporta) Coverageb) Water Qualityc) Sustainabilityd) O&M

TOTAL EXPENDITURE

11. Expenditure incurred during the previous year under SCs/STs

MNP NRDWPAmount % of the total expdtr. Amount% of the total expdtr.

(a) SCs(b) STsTotal

12. Expenditure incurred on O&M during the previous year MNP NRDWP

Amount % of the total expdtr. Amount % of the total expdtr.

13. Expenditure incurred on Sustainability during the previous year MNP NRDWPAmount % of the total expdtr. Amount% of the total expdtr.

14. (a) Cost of schemes cleared upto the previous year(b) Expenditure incurred upto the end of previous year(c) Balance liability (amount) required for completion of ongoing incomplete schemes/

schemes yet to be started(d) Schemes cleared in the current financial year upto the month of _______________

Note:(i) District-wise breakup of the liability may be given in a separate annexure.(ii) If the amount in (c) above is more than the difference between (a) & (b), reasons thereofmay be given.

15. The following certificates/statements may be enclosed for NRDWP, MNP, DDP and M&IUnits separately:

(i) Certified Audited expenditure figures by the State Accountant General for the yearbefore the previous financial year. If not available, reasons thereof.

(ii) A printout from IMIS of statement indicating district-wise data of actual expenditurein the previous year and budget provision during the current financial year

(i) A printout from IMIS of Utilisation Certificate format of actual expenditure under MNP,NRDWP, DDP and M&I Units in the previous financial year certified by the Secretary in-charge of RWS.

(iv) Certificate that State Government is giving priority to the unfinished works and thatquality and durability of works is given due consideration.

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(v) Certificate that escalation in cost of NRDWP schemes due to time and cost overrunhas not been met out of NRDWP funds. If met from NRDWP, please give details of theamount in each year and whether prior approval of Govt. of India was obtained

16. Details of funds released in the current financial year to the implementing agencies:

Programme Name of the Agency Amount released to Agency Order No. & Date of release

State

NRDWP

Signature(of Secretary in-charge of Rural Water Supply)PlaceDate

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Central Funds / State Funds*

Sl. No Letter No. and date Amount

Total

1. Certified that a sum of Rs.______ only was received by ……………………….. (as the casemay be) as Grants-in-Aid during 20__ - __ from Government of India / (State Name)* as perdetails given in the margin. A sum of Rs. ______ only was the Bank interest credited to theProgramme Account / Support Account*. Further, a sum of Rs. ______ only being unspentbalance of the previous year 20__-__ was allowed to be brought forward for utilizationduring the year.

2. It is also certified that out of the above mentioned total fund of Rs. _____ only a sum ofRs.________ only has been utilized with effect from ……… to ……… for the purpose forwhich it was sanctioned. It is further certified that the unspent balance of Rs_____ onlywas remaining unutilized at the end of the year and has been allowed to be utilized for theProgramme next year.

3. Certified that I have satisfied myself that the conditions on which the grants-in-aid wassanctioned have been duly fulfilled / are being fulfilled and that I have exercised thefollowing checks to see that the money was actually utilized for the purpose for which itwas sanctioned.

i) The Statement of Accounts from ……… to …….. duly audited by CharteredAccountant / Auditor General (as the case may be) have been received and accepted.

ii) It has been ensured that the physical and financial performance has been according tothe requirements as prescribed in the Programme Guidelines issued by theGovernment of India / State*.

4. The utilization of the aforesaid fund resulted into the following:i) Outcomes (in verifiable term)

a. Number of Habitations covered as per the target for the year0% population coverage

Annexure X

Utilization Certificate for theYear 20__-20__(To be printed out from IMIS filled in and certified by Secretary in-charge of RWS)

ANNEXURES

0%-25% population coverage25%-50% population coverage50%-75% population coverage75%-100% population coverageQuality affectedSC dominatedST dominatedMinority dominated

b. Number of Government rural schools coveredc. Population benefitted

Scheduled CastesScheduled TribesMinorityTotal

ii) Output (in verifiable term)a. Handpumpsb. Single village Piped Water Supply schemes

Surface sourcesGround Water Sources

c. Multi village Piped Water Supply schemesSurface sourcesGround Water Sources

d. Others (dugwell, sanitary well)e. Sustainability structures with category

Kinds of Checks Exercised:1.2.3.

SignatureDesignationPlaceDate

Counter Signature(of Secretary in-charge of Rural Water Supply)PlaceDate

_____

* Delete whichever is not applicable

ANNEXURES

Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water MissionDepartment of Drinking Water Supply

Ministry of Rural DevelopmentGovernment of India

www.ddws.gov.in

National Rural DrinkingWater ProgrammeMovement towards Ensuring People’s Drinking Water Securityin Rural India


Department of Drinking Water SupplyMinistry of Rural Development, Government of India


Documents

Water Programme - Ministry of Drinking Water and …...Foreword Historically, drinking water supply in the rural areas in India has been outside the government's sphere of influence