Water Power Peer Review

1 | Program Name or Ancillary Text eere.energy.gov

Water Power Peer Review

MHK Research, Tools, and Methods

Richard Jepsen

Sandia National [email protected]; 505-284-2767November 2, 2011

2 | Wind and Water Power Program eere.energy.gov

Purpose, Objectives, & Integration

The MHK industry is at a nascent stage of development and a recent surge of interest has produced over 100 new device concepts and designs for extracting energy from waves, tides, ocean and river currents. Improved testing, analysis, and design tools are needed to more accurately model operational conditions, to optimize design parameters, and predict technology viability.

This will allow for existing analysis tools and methods to be evaluated and validated. In addition, new codes and materials will be developed and validated. Most importantly all these tools, formulations and test data will be accessible to industry.

This project has direct applications to other projects in Reference Model Development and Market Acceleration as the tools developed here can be utilized to predict and guide performance metrics.


Water Power Program Chart

Developed with NRELDeveloped with NREL

Collaboration with Collaboration with

NREL & ORNLNREL & ORNL

Collaboration with Collaboration with

NREL & PNNLNREL & PNNL


Technical Approach

Each analysis tool is being developed and/or validated against previously reported test results or new tests conducted with project funding specifically for this purpose. There are at least three unique tools being developed by Sandia that are not commercially available that aid in design and performance evaluation of MHK devices or arrays. In addition, there is a strong link to the Reference Model project in which each reference model serves as a benchmark case to apply and evaluate analysis tools. Finally, collaboration with NREL on high fidelity modeling and testing activities allows further validation for analysis tool performance metrics.

For the Materials and Coatings testing, Sandia is collaborating with industry partners from coatings manufacturers to MHK developers to evaluate existing samples under various marine conditions. In addition, Sandia is developing unique anti-fouling coatings for MHK applications. In all cases, Sandia is working with ORNL to test adverse toxicity issues with each coating and material investigated.


Plan, Schedule, & Budget

Schedule:

The following are significant milestones or deliverables for the project:• Release and offering of training classes for SNL-EFDC Current and Tidal Array performance analysis. August, 2011• Release and offering of training classes for SNL-EFDC WEC performance analysis. August, 2012• Release of CACTUS (Code for Axial and Cross-flow Turbine Simulation) code for Marine Turbine performance analysis.

September, 2012• Design, analysis and validation testing of high performance turbine. September, 2012• Report on evaluation of existing marine coatings. September, 2012• Report on evaluation of newly developed marine anti-fouling coatings. September, 2012• There are currently no foreseeable Go/no-go decision points for FY12 and FY13

Budget: • The only variances from the planned budget are reductions for FY12 based on Program constraints. This has resulted in

some incremental reduction across all activities and the removal of reliability efforts from FY12 plans. Other than reliability milestones, no other milestones or deliverables are affected for FY12.

• 73% of the budget has been invoiced

Budget History*

FY2009 FY2010 FY2011

DOE Cost-share DOE Cost-share DOE Cost-share

$2,033k - $414k - $1,736k -

*SNL budget only for direct costs and contracts to university partners. Does not include funding (~$650k) to other National Labs


Accomplishments and Results

The following highlights the most important technical accomplishments achieved during this reporting period:

•Preliminary implementation of WEC arrays in SWAN/SNL-EFDC model with validation testing for WEC array at OSU (with CPT)•Application of AQWA/Simulink model for WEC on Reference Model (with OSU) •Development, validation and release of SNL-EFDC for current and tidal turbine arrays.•Development and validation of CACTUS with wind data set from vertical axis testing.•Development and patent application for promising new coating technology.•Successful testing and demonstration of high resolution shear stress measurement in Sandia SEAWOLF flume for wave sediment interactions.•The project has been on schedule and on budget thus far and the progress suggests continued success in this regard.

All of the above accomplishments have corresponding milestones that were completed on schedule and on budget


Wave Device Modeling

• Single Device– Integrate Fluid-Structure

interactions with performance modeling including PTO

• Device Arrays– Represent devices as

reflection and/or transmission sink

– Integrated into SWAN/SNL-EFDC

0 5 10 15 20 25-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

Period [s]

Float: AQWA Response Amplitude Operators (RAOs)

Hea

ve/

Buoy-Original

Buoy-RedesignBuoy-Final

No WEC Array

17 WEC Array


WEC Array Testing for Model Development and Validation

• Goal: In collaboration with OSU and Columbia Power, generate test data for WEC arrays to support code development and validation.

• Motivation: Once completed, this experimental test matrix will provide a basis for model validation and allow for a performance modeling tools for optimization WEC arrays


SNL-EFDC for Current and Tidal Array Performance

– SNL-EFDC has been developed to include MHK devices as momentum/energy sinks– The model is partially validated with more tests planned in the laboratory and field

(ORNL, UW, UM/SAFL)

0 Platform Spanwise Spacing = 12 Platforms per array row 27% more power per row than 1PH (for

100% more turbines) 44% more power per row than 2PH (for 200% more turbines)

1 Platform Spanwise Spacing = 6 Platforms per array row 23% more power per row than 2PH (for

50% more turbines) 31% more ‘platform average power’ per row than 0PH

2 Platform Spanwise Spacing = 4 Platforms per array row 40% more ‘platform average power’ per

row than 0PH 13% more ‘platform average power’ per row than 1PH

Straight River Reference Model

0 91

Vegetation Map

DS-INTL

DS-INTL

DS-INTL

DS-INTL

Flow Direction


Single Turbine Modeling

• Single Device– Development of

CACTUS Code for both cross flow and axial flow turbine analysis

– Design and test of high performance turbine blade (with Penn State ARL and UC Davis)


Turbine Testing

Bucknell University: Model testing for foundation performance and scour

Penn State ARL: Model testing for blade and turbine performance


Materials and Coatings

• Montana State University

• Moisture Absorption

• Mechanical Testing on salt water immersed composites

• Fabrication



Evaluated the first set of antimicrobial treated materials from Owens-Corning for their ability to mitigate biofilm growth and adhesion towards the marine bacteria, Cellulophaga lytica and Halomonas pacifica, and the microalgae diatom, Navicula incerta.

• No substantial reduction in bacterial or microalgae biofilm growth was observed for the experimental coatings.

N. incertaC. lytica

Crys

tal V

iolet

Abs

orba

nce

(600

nm)

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

Control 258 1229A 1230A 1230B T2 PU 700 900

Crys

tal Vi

olet A

bsor

banc

e (60

0nm)

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

Control 258 1229A 1230A 1230B T2 PU 700 900

H. pacifica

Fluor

esce

nce I

nten

sity (

RFU)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

Control 258 1229A 1230A 1230B T2 PU 700 900

• NDSU

• Biofilm Characterization of Owens-Corning

• Also characterized all of SNL materials



• SNL

• Biofilm baseline measurements on commercial materials & coatings


Challenges to Date

The primary challenges for the project have been related to funding reductions and uncertainties.

The project subtasks were prioritized such that the most mature and promising developments were maintained while subtasks such as reliability which will be more important in future years as deployments increase were removed.


Next Steps

Wave Analysis:– Wave design tools development roadmap

– Further model development and validation for WEC arrays. Release 1st version of SNL-EFDC model for WEC arrays end of FY12.

Current and Tidal Turbine Analysis– Additional training planned for developers on a first come first serve basis

– Validation testing in the field (with developer support) and lab for SNL-EFDC model

– Water tunnel testing for blade and turbine performance validation (blade design and CACTUS performance)

Materials and Coatings– Continued work on Owens-Corning, Verdant, Free Flow Power Biofilm

Characterization

– Sending samples to ORNL for Toxicity, ARL for cavitation

– Continue to optimize synthesis of new anticorrosion/biofouling coatings

Documents

Water Power Peer Review