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Reminders
Water Assignment - Due Monday
2nd News Article/Review Game - Weds. 10/16
2nd Exam - Fri. 10/18
Sources of WaterSaltwater (97.6%)
Freshwater (2.4%)
Ice caps and glaciers (2.1%)
Available (0.3%)
surface water (lakes, ponds, streams, rivers)ground watersoil wateratmosphere
Uses
Agricultural (70%) - Irrigation, Livestock
Industrial (25%) - Power Plants, Mining, Manufacturing (ingredient, cooling, cleaning), Fracking, Shiping
Domestic (6%) - Flushing, Cleaning, Drinking, Hygiene
Water Pollution
Any change in water quality that adversely affects living organisms or makes water unsuitable for desired uses.
Code Blue• On lab benches are labeled canisters and extraction cards.
• Listen to story of ocean.
• When name on your canister/card is called
• If canister, empty contents into bowl• If card, remove resource with forceps
• Answer questions
Code Blue What were the pollutants?
• chemical fertilizers• mercury• oil• abandoned nets• antibiotics• litter• sewage• debris
Code Blue What changes occurred to ocean?
• color change - green, dirty, oily• debris• algae blooms• loss of coral, fish, whales, birds,
mangroves
Great Pacific Garbage Patch
http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/encyclopedia/great-pacific-garbage-patch/?ar_a=1
Code BluePollutants?• chem. fertilizers• mercury• oil• abandoned nets• antibiotics• litter• sewage• debris
Sources?• Farming • Coal Burning• Oil wells• Fishing• Aquaculture• Ships, Land• Homes• Natural Disasters
P vs NP?NP
NPPP
NPP, NP
PNP
Code Blue What other problems occurred in addition to pollution?
• algal blooms• over-harvesting - fish, whales• extinction of species• sea level rise
SewageWastewater from drains and sewers.
Contains human waste, soap, detergents
Needs O2 to be decomposed (less O2 for living organisms)
Desirable sport fish such as salmon and trout cannot live in low oxygen.
Organisms that can withstand low oxygen - carp, leeches, midges
Definition: organisms that cause disease, often bacteria, protozoa or worms
Main Source: human, animal sewage
Disease -Causing Agents
Blood Flukeadult lives in human intestines
eggs released into water via feces
larva bores into snail
adult bursts out of snail
bores thru skin to enter body
Guinea Worm
adult female lives under skin
she forms sore to release eggs
larva live inside small aquatic organisms called copepods
humans get infested by drinking water with the copepods
Male and female mate inside human gut.
Giardiacaused by protozoan (single-celled animal-like organism)
causes diarrhea/cramps
forms resistant cysts that can survive water treatment
Cryptosporidium
caused by protozoan (single-celled animal-like organism)
causes diarrhea and flu-like symptoms
also forms resistant cysts that can bypass water treatment
Plant Nutrientssewage and fertilizer run-off
causes algae blooms
dead algae is detritus
as decomposers eat detritus, depletes oxygen
Dead Zone-Gulf of Mexico5000-7000 square miles of low oxygen due to farm run-off from Mississippi watershed.
http://essea.strategies.org/module.php?module_id=92
Pfeisteria - The Cell from Hell
Algae that is experiencing exponential growth along Atlantic coast due to farm and hog farm run-off.
Plant-like part of life cycle photosynthesizes but animal-like part of life cycle feeds on fish.
Sediments
Sediments are caused by soil run-off
Sediments can smother organisms
Sediments reduces light penetration and thus photosynthesis
Thermal Pollution
Any change in water temperature
Removing trees increases temperature.
Many industrial discharges release hot water.
Dams can change water temperature
Warmer water has less O2, fewer desirable fish survive.
Oil Pollution
oil well leaks, explosions
spills from tankers, pipelines
leaking boat motors
run-off from parking lots