Water Parameter Differences

8/19/2019 Water Parameter Differences

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INTRODUCTION:

Good water quality is essential for growth and survival of any aquacultured species.

Before undertaking any aquaculture venture, an entrepreneur must locate an

acceptable water source in sufficient quantities, and understand the water quality

requirements of the species being cultured. Water sources can come from municipal

water, river, lake, dam, or underground water.

Parameters that influence water quality in an aquaculture pond:

• Physical factors: temperature, colour, turbidity

• hemical: !", p#, $lkalinity, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, pesticide, herbicide,

salinity,

• Biological: other organism, predators, pathogen %parasite, bacteria, virus&

Important water quality parameters:

• 'urbidity

• !"

• Water temp

• p#

• total ammonia nitrogen

• nitrite

• alkalinity

• salinity

• B"!

You were given two types of water sources, note the differences in water

parameter and why are they different?



• 'he !" content of the inlet water is higher than that of the outlet pond water.

'his is because the inlet water is clean while the outlet water already has aquatic

microorganisms and plants in it. 'hey use available o(ygen in the water for

respiration, which cause less dissolved o(ygen present thus lower !" content.

• 'he p# of the inlet is almost neutral while p# of the outlet pond water is slightly

acidic. 'his is because carbon dio(ide is produced by the aquatic organisms

while respiring. 'he acidic nature of carbon dio(ide gas also turned the water

slightly acidic. Presence of waste materials from the organisms also contributed

to this.

• Both water sources have similar turbidity. 'his is because both water is still clear.

'he sources of turbidity in natural water are attributable to suspended and

colloidal material, the effect of which is to disturb clearness and diminish the

penetration of light. 'urbidity may be caused by several factors such as

microorganisms and organic detritus, silica and other sands and substances

including )inc, iron and manganese compounds, clay or silt.

• "ne water source has lower *ecchi disk readings. 'his might be caused by the

presence of algae in the water which makes it cloudier, thus lower depth reading.

• Both water source has similar amount of ammonia, nitrite and nitrates. 'his is a

good indicator as high contents would kill any aquatic organisms and thus not

suitable to breed fish in.

Borewells:

• ontamination may arise from pollutants entering the water table some distance

from the port or from sewage entering the borehole itself in the port area through

cracked or corroded casings. +n cases where overdrawing is evident %water is

brackish&, tests should be conducted at least monthly.

unicipal mains:

• *upply could be contaminated at source or through corroded pipelines leading to

the fishery harbour. i(ing with sewage lines due to defective piping has been



known to occur often. omplete tests should be carried out every half year, and

the authorities should be informed when results indicate contamination.

!ater tan"s and reser#oirs:

• Both types of structure are prone to bacterial growth if the residual chlorine levels

in them are low or non-e(istent. 'esting may not be necessary if periodic

scrubbing is carried out. Bacteriological tests should be done at least half-yearly.

$ar%our %asin water:

• 'ypically, harbour basins are tested yearly. #owever, in areas where monsoons

are very active, it may be advisable to test at the peak of the dry season when

effluent point discharges tend to remain concentrated in the water body and

again during the wet season when agriculture run-off may be considerable.

$nother critical period for harbours is the peak of the fishing season when the

harbour is at its busiest and vessel-generated pollution is likely to be at its peak.

!&$&O& DRIN'IN( !)T*R +T)ND)RD+

P)R)*T*R UNIT ,IIT

$luminium mg $ll /.0



$rsenic mg $sl /./1

Barium mg Bal /./1

Berylium ug Bel /.0

admium ug dl 1./

alcium mg al 0//./

hromium mg rl /./1

opper mg ul 2./

+ron 'otal mg 3el /.4

5ead mg Pbl /./2

agnesium mg gl 21/./

anganese mg nl /.2

ercury ug #gl 2./

*elenium mg *el /./2

*odium mg 6al 0//./

7inc mg 7nl 1./

hlorides mg ll 01/./

yanide mg nl /.2

3luorides mg 3l 2.1

6itrates mg 6"4l 2/./

6itrites mg 6"0l -

*ulphates mg *"8l 8//./

*uphides mg #0*l /

'"'$5 9drins9 ugl /./4

'"'$5 9ddt9 ugl 2./

#ydrocarbons mgl /.2

$nionic !etergents mgl /



p# .0

'otal dissolved solids mgl 21//

'otal hardness mgl 1//

$lkalinity mgl 1//

+;"B+"5"G+$5 P$;$<'<;*

'otal Bacteria ountml 2//

oliform ount2//ml /

<. oli ount2//ml /

*almonella ount2//ml /

ug = microgram or ppb

mg = milligram or ppm

*U *+TU)R- )ND $)RBOUR B)+IN !)T*R +T)ND)RD+

P)R)*T*R UNIT ,IIT

ercury ug #gl /.1/ %!&

admium ug dl 1.// %!&

$rsenic mg $sl /.1/ %G&



hromium mg rl /.1/ %G&

opper mg ul /.1/ %G&

+ron mg 3el 4.// %G&

5ead mg Pbl /.1/ %G&

6ickel mg 6il /.1/ %G&

7inc mg 7nl 1/.// %G&

'ributyltin ugl /.//0

'riphenyltin ugl /.//>

$ldrin ugl /./2

!ieldrin ugl /./2

<ndrin ugl /.//1

+sodrin ugl /.//1

'"'$5 9drins9 ugl /./4

'"'$5 9ddt9 all 8 isomers ugl /./01

para-ddt ugl /./2

#e(achloro-cyclohe(ane ugl /./0

arbon tetrachloride ugl 20./

Pentachlorophenol ugl 0./

#e(achloroben)ene ugl /./4

#e(achlorobutadiene ugl /.2/

hloroform ugl 20./

<thylene !ichloride ugl 2/./

Perchloroethylene ugl 2/./

'richloroben)ene ugl /.8/

'richloroethylene ugl 2/./



#ydrocarbons ugl 4//./ %G&

Phenols ugl 1/./

*urfactants ugl 4//./ %G&

!issolved "(ygen ? *aturation >/-20/ %G&

p# @-

*ulphide mgl /./8 %*&

+;"B+"5"G+$5 P$;$<'<;*

3aecal conforms per 2//ml 0///

'otal coliforms per 2//ml 2////

*almonella /

<ntero viruses /

ug = microgram

G = Guideline

mg = milligram

* = *uggested

! = !issolved

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Water Parameter Differences