WATER LILY (Nymphaeaodorata) FIBERS AS

ADDITIVE IN MAKING CONCRETE

TEGULA ROOF

This Investigatory Research ProposalIs Presented To

The Science DepartmentPedro Guevara Memorial National High School

Santa Cruz, Laguna

By

NEQUINTO, REINALYN M.

ORDAN, ANICA BIANCA L.

SATORRE, ALYSSA NICOLE P.

JUNE 2011

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

“We are looking forward for something that will enhance our personality

that will make us a better person and make a significant existence. We want to

find the real us and mingle our lives with others. We hope that way will help our

world and be recognized by others.”

This research paper would not have been accomplished without the

guidance of our Almighty Lord God and to those people who contributed as well

as supported the researchers in doing this study;

Ms. Ma. Lourdes Gatapia, their research adviser, for her patience,

encouragement and guidance for the completion of the study;

To all the 4th year teachers of the Special Science Curriculum for their

advices especially to their ever supportive class adviser Mrs. Florina C. Federico,

they will treasure you always;

To the friends of the researchers, for the over whelming support they gave

especially, Joyce, Jodi, Carmela, Boni, Micca, Jade and many more who helped

them in such a way that they will never forget them for the rest of their lives.

To their classmates, for the concerns and moral support and for the four

memorable years they shared together.

To their seatmate, Jaira Grace M. Obsequio, who is always there for them

even if we felt like giving up, remember that we love you always.

ii

To Engr. Jay-RaldM.Delos Santos, for the ideas and suggestion, for his

help and support;

And also to their research teachers in the past few years, Mr. Cirilo Vista

and Mr. Jun Daracan Jr., who shared their knowledge to the researchers.

Lastly, to their family from the past, for the present and future….

R.M.N

A.B.L.O

A.N.P.S

08/28/11

iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE……………………………………………………………………….i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………………………………………….ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………….iv

LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………………………vi

ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………. 1

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction………………………………………………………….. 2

Statement of the Problem…………………………………………. 4

Significance of the Study………………………………………….. 5

Paradigm……………………………………………………………… 7

Conceptual Framework……………………………………………. 8

Scope and Limitation………………………………………………. 8

Definition of Terms…………………………………………………. 8

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE………………………………… 11

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Research Design………………………………………………….. 20

Materials and Equipments………………………………………. 20

Procedure/Method………………………………………………… 21

Application…………………………………………………………. 21

iv

Observation………………………………………………………… 22

CHAPTER IV

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Interpretations…………............................................................ 23

Discussions……………………………………………………….. 25

Computations……………………………………………………… 25

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

Summary……………………………………………………………. 27

Conclusions………………………………………………………… 28

Implications………………………………………………………… 29

Recommendations………………………………………………… 29

BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………………. 40

APPENDICES…………………………………………………………………….. 41

v

LIST OF TABLES

Page

Table 1……………………………………………………………………………... 23

Table 1.1…………………………………………………………………………… 23

Table 2……………………………………………………………………………… 25

Table 2.1…………………………………………………………………………… 26

Table 2.2…………………………………………………………………………… 26

vi

Abstract

This study contains information about tegula house roofs, which aims to produce a product that looks like a corrugated tegula house roof but contains water lily fibers and wood ashes in its mixture. The researchers aim to create or manufacture this experimental tegula house roof that costs lower than the commercial tegula available in markets.

The researchers used water lily fibers that were cut into small pieces and completely burnt charcoal. It was then mixed with cement and water and put into mold.

With the ratio of ash, water lily fibers, cement and water which is 1:2:3 (2), we obtained a product which is stronger, more durable and lighter than the commercial tegula, With the fire proofing test and water resistance test, it is proved that it is fire and water resistant.

Using water lily fibers as one of the main components or additive to the tegula, the researchers can help the environment in such a way that putting away water lilies in the bodies of water will prevent it from clogging.

Manufacturing of this tegula will help create more job opportunities to the community. The tegula made are low-priced due to the raw materials used. The age of their curing was 4 days. The average selling price of this Tegula house roof is Php19.72 compared to the commercialized tegula house roof available in the market which is Php28.00.

1

CHAPTER I

Background of the Study

Introduction

Nowadays, people suffer from different economic problems, especially today

because of the tremendous calamities that happen to strike our country. There

are some effects brought by these disasters to humans.

These past few days, the Philippines suffered from two consecutive

typhoons. Because of this, many water lilies manifest and grew in the big bodies

of water. Due to a huge number of water hyacinths, hundreds of troops and

civilians cleared tons of water lilies from the Rio Grande at the southern part of

the Philippines.

The innocuous-looking plants are the prime culprits of recent flooding in

and around this city of 400,000, according to local officials.

Instead of considering water lilies as unprofitable materials, why not turn it

into a useful material?

According to some researches, Water lilies are aquatic perennials growing

from an underwater stem, which is buried in the mud and sends down rootlets for

anchorage. The water lily has round, leathery leaves, deeply notched at the

base, and a multi petaled white blossom (June-September). The yellow pond lily

has heart-shaped leaves and produces a cup-shaped yellow blossom (May-

2

October). Water Lily flowers are wonderfully showy and fragrant, lasting only a

few days. Some open during the day and close at night, others the opposite.

Water lilies add vibrant color to the pond. The flowers of the water lily are

up to 4 inches across with oblong petals arranged in circles around the center.

Tropical water lilies are not frost hardy. They will die if the pond water gets cold.

The advantage of tropical water lilies is they will have many flowers on one plant.

They also come in blue and purple which hardy water lilies don't. Hardy water

lilies survive the winter as dormant tubers. When spring arrives the lily starts to

grow and bloom again. Other colors for both hardy and tropical lilies include

white, pink, yellow and a dark pink that is almost red.

With the introduction, we can see that we want to know more about the

importance and properties of water lilies so that we can turn nothing into

something new.

Hypothesis:

Alternative Hypothesis :

The Water Lily (Nymphaeaodorata) fibers are effective additive component

to cement in making Concrete Tegula Roof.

Null Hypothesis :

The Water Lily (Nymphaeaodorata) fibers are not effective additive

component to cement in making Concrete Tegula Roof.

3

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This investigatory research proposal will aim to determine if Water Lily

fibers can be an effective additive component to cement in making Concrete

Tegula Roof and to evaluate the acceptability of water lily fibers.

Specifically, this will aim to answer the following questions:

1. Can we use water lily fibers added to cement in making concrete tegula

roof?

2. How durable is the finished product if new used water lily fibers in making

tegula house roof?

3. We want to determine the quality of water lily fibers in terms of :

3.1Quality

3.2Effectiveness

3.3Capability of being mixed

4. Testing

4.1Strength

4.2Durability

4.3Fire resistance

4.4Water Proofing

5. Cost

4

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Species in the water lily family are important components of the plant

communities of most freshwater lakes, ponds, and other shallow-water habitats.

They provide food for many types of herbivorous animals, and a habitat substrate

for others, such as the long-toed birds known as "lily-trotters" or jacanas (family

Jacanidae, including Jacana spinosa of Central and South America).

Species of water lilies provide a beautiful aesthetic to aquatic habitats,

which is greatly appreciated by many people. The sacred lotuses

(Nelumbonucifera and N. nelumbo) are especially important in this regard in a

number of cultures. This is particularly true in India, China, Japan, and elsewhere

in Asia, where sacred lotuses are featured prominently in horticultural plantings in

many gardens and parks, in paintings and other visual arts, in architectural motifs

and decorations, and as symbolism in literature.

Several other species in the water lily family are of minor economic

importance as horticultural plants, because of the pleasing aesthetics of their

floating leaves, as well as their attractive flowers. Various species of water lilies

and spatterdocks are commonly planted in gardens which have shallow ponds

incorporated into their design. A water lily native to North

America, Nymphaeaodorata, is commercially available in rose-hued flowers, as

well as the wild-type white color.

Another minor use of some species is in the production of food for fishes

grown in tropical aquaculture. Water lilies growing in commercial fish ponds are 5

eaten as a food by certain herbivorous fish, and thereby contribute to the

productivity of the agricultural ecosystem.

Some people eat the seeds of Nymphaea, Nelumbo, and Victoria, but this

is a relatively minor use of the plants.

For students, this study will serve as a reference in dealing with fastest

improvement of discoveries. They may help also understand the concepts and

theories applied while studying this kind of study.

(http://science.jrank.org/pages/7309/Water-Lilies-Ecological-economic-

importance.html#ixzz1QpuFhcVV)

6

PARADIGM

PROCESS

MIXING AND MOLDING WITH

CEMENT

PROCESS

DRYING THE LEAVES

INPUT

WATER LILY FIBERS

PROCESS

GRINDING THE FIBERS

PROCESS

GETTING THE FIBERS

OUTPUT

CONCRETE TEGULA HOUSE ROOF

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The illustration in the paradigm shows the method on how to dry the

leaves of water lily to get its fibers. It illustrates the input, processes and output of

drying leaves, getting the fibers, mixing and molding with cement. With these

methods, we can come up with the finished output of a lower pricedtegula

concrete house roof.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

The study is mainly concern about the fiber content of water lily that can

be an ingredient or additive for cement in making concrete tegula house roofs.

The proposal also covers the acceptability of this water lily fiber in the production

of less expensive tegula house roofs and its effectiveness at lower price. It also

includes the computation of its cost to be comparable to the concrete roof tiles

available in a market and a chemical to be used.

Definition of Terms:

1. Tegula - overlapping roof tiles used in ancient Greek and Roman

architecture as a waterproof and durable roof covering. They were made

predominantly of fired clay, but also sometimes of marble,bronze or gilt. In

7

Rome they replaced shingles, and were used on almost every type of

structure, from humble outbuildings to grand temples and public facilities.

2. Fiber -a class of materials that are continuous filaments or are in discrete

elongated pieces, similar to lengths of thread. Vegetable fibers are

generally based on arrangements of cellulose, often with lignin: examples

include cotton, hemp, jute, flax, ramie, andsisal. Plant fibers are employed

in the manufacture of paper and textile (cloth), and dietary fiber is an

important component of human nutrition.

3. Water Lily -The phrase "water lily" is used to describe aquatic plants of

the following families, which have lily pads:

4. Cement - a binder, a substance that sets and hardens independently, and

can bind other materials together. The word "cement" traces to

the Romans, who used the term opus caementicium to

describe masonry resembling modern concrete that was made from

crushed rock with burnt lime as binder. The volcanic ash and

pulverized brick additives that were added to the burnt lime to obtain a

hydraulic binder were later referred to as cementum, cimentum, cäment

and cement.

8

5. Concrete -a composite construction material, composed of cement

(commonly Portland cement) and other cementitious materials such as fly

ash and slag cement, aggregate (generally a coarse aggregate made of

gravel or crushed rocks such as limestone, or granite, plus a fine

aggregate such as sand), water and chemical admixtures.

6. Molding - the process of manufacturing by shaping pliable raw material

using a rigid frame or model called a pattern.

7. Mixture - a material system made up by two or more different substances

which are mixed together but are not combined chemically. Mixture refers

to the physical combination of two or more substances the identities of

which are retained and are mixed in the form

of alloys, solutions, suspensions, and colloids. Mixtures are the product of

a mechanical blending or mixing of chemical

substances like elements and compounds, without chemical bonding or

other chemical change, so that each ingredient substance retains its own

chemical properties and makeup.

9

10

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Water Lily

(‘Water lily’ products made in Taguig) Water hyacinths clogging tributaries

of Laguna de Bay are providing a promising livelihood venture for Taguig City

residents.

The plants are now processed and turned into decor and other items that

have the potential to make it in the international market.

Water hyacinth bags, place mats, wreaths and even parol (Christmas

lantern) made by Taguig residents debuted Friday at the Department of Trade

and Industry’s One Town, One Product fair at Market! Market in Bonifacio Global

City.

Launched in August, the Water Lily Livelihood Project has been

implemented in six of Taguig’s 18 barangay by Soroptimist International headed

by Kaye Tiñga, wife of Mayor Sigfrido “Freddie” Tiñga.

Councilor Gigi de Mesa, one of the project’s point persons, said the

project could also solve the problem of water lilies clogging Taguig River.

Water hyacinths, also called water lilies, thrive in parts of Laguna de Bay,

the third largest freshwater lake in Southeast Asia, and its tributaries, including

the rivers of Pasig, Pateros and Taguig.

10

11

Over 200 persons were trained under the project in the villages of

Napindan, Signal Village, Lower Bicutan, Wawa, Bambang and Tuktukan.

Each barangay processes water lilies into a different product. For

example, Napindan residents make slippers and place mats, while Signal Village

and Lower Bicutan make bags and house decors, respectively.

Wawa and Bambang residents produce Christmas decorations, and

Tuktukan does novelty items.

De Mesa said no chemicals were used to make the products.

(The cornerstone of Aromatherapy is using synergistic plant based

ingredients to ensure the effectiveness of the essential oil compounds, 2008)

Not only does an authentic natural botanical source ensure the ready

uptake of nutrient by our skin, but the compatibility of a natural source limits

toxicity and synthetic ingredients.

This ensures our systems of elimination can safely and effectively remove

unwanted compounds.

The effectiveness of any product range depends on the concentration of

pure plant derived ingredients and the exclusion of benign mineral oil fillers and

petrochemical derivatives. Purity ensures that Waterlily products are free from

mineral oils, petrochemicals, propylene glycol, synthetic fragrances, colours, and

12

synthetic fillers. All ingredients come from the purest botanical source possible to

ensure product integrity and effectiveness.

A product’s effectiveness is determined by its percentage of active

components. Waterlily focuses on utilizing at least 95% of active botanical or

organic material to ensure each products efficacy. 

Each label clearly lists ingredients in their common botanical name to

demonstrate the rich volume of active ingredient.

(Paniqui Water Lily Handicrafts, 2010) Dried water lily stalks woven into

fine handicrafts became the livelihood of women, housewives, out-of-school

youths, and senior citizens of Paniqui, Tarlac, Philippines. 

A wide range of products like shoes, sandals, slippers, bags, baskets,

wallets, pouches, belts, trays, placemats, boxes, tissue holders and many others

can be crafted by Paniqui folks using stalks of dried water hyacinths. The ample

visibility and fast growth of this plant caused a problem of obstructing the flow of

water as the region is traversed with many rivers, swamps, and creeks, causing

flooding during heavy rains. The local government started this project with 25

weavers which increased to 50 within 12 months as demand from local and

foreign tourists poured out.

Over a wide variety of handicrafts can be made from dried water

hyacinths. It’s light yet strong fiber property can be woven to different products 13

according to the clients’ preferences. Because it is organic, it can be used for

packaging of goods which will substitute plastics that are non-biodegradable. 

The abundant yield of high quality dried water lily straws with the hard-

working weaving skills mean that the plant harvesters and weavers of Paniqui

have very good potential to enter the market of producing high quality hand-

made water lily handicrafts in different designs and products. 

Furthermore, the same raw materials and weaving techniques can be

applied to develop a range of good quality and attractive water lily fashion ware

like slippers and handbags

.

The production of the water lily baskets and boxes would be undertaken

by the Paniqui Women Association and the PAGASA Youth Association both

recognized and supported by the local government. High quality fabric materials

for fastenings, linings, gloss, water-proofing, and highlights were sourced from

the locality.

14

Production of water lily mats, trays and other handicrafts would enhance

the quality and value of products produced by the local groups and should give in

a major income increase for their own households.

The target market for water lily handicrafts would be predominately the

local market of wealthier Filipinos, overseas Filipino workers, expats and

foreigners. The local government unit of Paniqui plans to engage on supplying

water lily handicrafts for wholesale to a number of domestic distributors and retail

networks.

The aim of water lily boxes, baskets, and handbags will primarily be environment

conscious consumers who do not use plastic bags or plastic containers. These

consumers and other unaware consumers will be targeted through direct

marketing and direct and indirect advertising campaigns backed up by the local

government, and the Department of Trade and Industry. 

There are three main market targets for the water lily handicrafts. The

target for the water lily fashion items (mostly handbags, slippers, wallet, etc.) will

be established domestic handicraft wholesalers and retailers in Luzon, Visayas

and Mindanao, as well as exporters for the United States, Japan, and European

markets. It is anticipated that domestic sales to cater to the large tourism market

all over the Philippine islands will make up the majority of water lily fashion item

sales.

15

The target market for water lily handicrafts (mostly lampshade, decorative

household products, placemats, etc.) will initially be the Filipino community living

abroad. This embodies a significant market, as there are many Filipinos working

around the world-over 860,000 not mentioning Filipino immigrants, so the overall

potential market size is large.

The main potential competitors would be other communities all over the country

who also started this water lily weaving project, as this is promoted by the

Department of Trade and Industry to local government units with trouble with the

pesky water plant. Another is handicrafts made of other indigenous materials.

Water lily products could compete well on the basis of price with other indigenous

materials as the raw materials are freely harvested.

The distinctive promotion about the water lily products is that they are well

crafted by hand utilizing indigenous materials and the designs are decorative

emphasizing the Filipino heritage. Also, the use of the product is very helpful to

the environment as it substitutes the use of plastic materials and at the same

time ceases the clogging of flow of water on rivers and creeks. However, the

selling price of the handicrafts is very reasonable. The handicrafts could also be

made to order.

16

The water lily project started as a livelihood program for the Paniqui

women, out-of-school youths, and senior citizens organized by the Local

Government Unit of Paniqui. Management is directed by the Municipal Mayor

with the help of the Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office.

The Program is in coordination with the Provincial Government of Tarlac

which also gives the needed promotional and advertising campaign with the

national agency, the Department of Trade and Industry who assist the weavers

for needed training and development. 

It started from 12 housewives to 25 women and youths and then to 50

within a year. Handcrafting eventually became a constructive activity for people

who were once dawdling outside their homes playing cards and getting drunk the

everyday.

Some weavers take their work at home with the whole family joining the

making of the water lily handicrafts. While others chooses to work at the Paniqui

Livelihood Center were materials are readily available.

A household would earn roughly around three hundred pesos (Php 300)

weekly during slack season and about six hundred pesos (Php 600) weekly

during peak season. 

17

Before it became a livelihood program last August 2008, the conceptions

for these water lilies are pests to the community as it hampers the flow of water

in rivers and creeks during heavy rains causing flooding in the area.  

It is projected that by the fourth year of operation the total income for the workers

from handcrafting activities could increase roughly 3 times by the year 2012.

(Made Handicrafts From Water Lilies/Hyacinth To Solve Flood Problems,

2011) While the residents of Cotobato are busy removing tons of water hyacinths

from Delta Bridge of Rio Grande de Mindanao River, the residents of Las Piñas

are making different handicraft products out of water lilies.

They harvesting water lilies (stalks) from Zapote river. Then dry in oven or

under sun’s heat. Pass it through a flattening machine. Then it is used for making

variety of handicrafts like bags, basket, chair, lampshade, bayong and slippers.

Water lily fiber is as strong as abaca, softer to weave. Their products are

popular both local and export.

Clogging of Rio Grande de Mindanao have caused wide spread flood in

Cotobato City. De-clogging duty is a joint force of army, DPWH, local government

unit and local residents.

More residents using water lilies in create handicraft will mean lesser flood

problems. Time will come that we need to culture them to meet local and foreign

demands.18

(Water lily fibers supply textile artisans, 2009) Renewable fibers from

coconuts, bamboo and pineapple are joined by a new plant-based raw material:

the lovely water lily. The Philippino Las Pinas Water Lily Weaving Center recently

donated an extracting and drying machine for water lily fiber to Malabon City to

support artisans making handicrafts such as bags, table runners, carpets and

other textiles. The machinery will allow Malabon residents to more efficiently use

lilies found in large numbers in local aquatic areas.

REFERENCES:

http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/metro/view/20081108-

170963/Water-lily-products-made-in-Taguig

http://www.waterlilybodyandbath.com.au/content/

http://epaniqui.com/homepage/news/opinion-and-features/400-paniqui-

water-lily-handicrafts.htmlindex.php?id=9

http://specialtyfabricsreview.com/articles/0609_sw16_lily.html

http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-195511151.html

http://www.luntiancorner.com/green/water-hyacinth-handicrafts/

http://specialtyfabricsreview.com/articles/0609_sw16_lily.html

19

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents research design, materials and equipments

procedures and the application of the methods mentioned above.

Research Design

The method that will be used in this study is the experimental method. In

order to indicate and determine the importance of Water lilies in the community

despite the fact that it harmed the lives of some Filipinos in Cotabato City, the

researchers want to turn these plants that were considered trash into useful ones

that may help enhance the quality of the concrete materials for construction,

particularly, the Tegula House Roof.

Materials and Equipments

Water Lily Fibers

Tegula Roof Mold

Used Oil

Type A Cement

Water

Admixture

Wood Ashes

20

Procedure

In making tegula house roofs out of cement and water lily fibers, gather

first the materials to be used. Dry the water lily stems for one whole week. While

drying the stems, it is better to make the molder so that time will not be wasted.

In making the molder, the researchers measured an actual size of tegula.

Then remove the outer part or the skin of the stems in order to get

the fibers when the stem is already dried.

Second, cut the fibers into small pieces. Prepare the mold and

apply used oil so we can easily get the product when dried. Mix the

cement, a small volume of wood ashes, water and the dried fibers of water

lily. Third, put the mixture into the molder and wait until it’s solidified.

Lastly, remove it from the molder.

Application

The gathering of water lily fibers takes about 4 days and the drying of

leaves is about one week. Making the whole Tegula House Roof will take about 4

weeks, including the preparation, gathering, and performing the experiment.

We will let it dry for 4 days, and then get the product slowly from the mold.

21

Observation

In the first step of this method, which is the collection of water lily fibers,

the researchers did not find it so hard to gather, because water lilies are

abundant, covering the river.

The process of taking off the skin is the easiest way, but takes a longer

period of time.

The reaserchers need the sand-like texture of the fibers. They did this by

cutting the fibers until we reach our desired texture. It is easier to use blender

than cutting it manually using scissors.

Preparing the mixture is like the typical way of mixing cement and sand

just like the construction workers do—mixing cement and sand and adding water.

The only difference is they added the cut water lily fibers into the mixture.

The purpose of adding the grinded water lily fibers is to make the product

lighter than the original product, but still, it has the quality of a good Tegula house

roof. It also lessens the population of water lilies in rivers and ponds. The cost of

this new product is priced lower than the pure-cement tegula house roof.

22

CHAPTER IV

Results and Discussions

The findings were taken through experiment presenting the result of

the data gathered and presented in the following order.

Table 1. Curing Period

No. of Roof Tiles Sample Proportion (A,WL,C) (W) 4 days Curing

1 1:2:3 (2.75) done

1 1:2:3 (2.50) done

1 1:2:3 (2) done

Interpretation

An impact test was done to obtain the strength of the Tegula House Roof.

Careful observation was done.

Table 1.1 Impact Test Result

Ash:WaterLily:Cement

(Water)

Result

1:2:3 (2.75) 2

1:2:3 (2.50) 3

1:2:3 (2) 5

Rating Scales :

23

5 – no cracks, no damage

4 – chipped, few cracks

3 – more cracks, but did not break

2 – broke into fragments1 – extensive damage; crushed

Impact Test Results

On the first test that we did, we stepped on the product for 10seconds and

recorded our observation. The product was broken into fragments and had many

cracks. Because of this, we have to make another product, but this time, we

added the admixture to make the next product more compact and increase its

strength.

On the second trial, we also stepped on the Tegula. It was broken into two

pieces, unlike the first that had many cracks and fragments. We can say that

adding admixture can improve the strength of the Tegula.

We made another Tegula but now, we computed the exact

measurements and ratio of cement, water lily, water and admixture.

On the third trial, when we stepped on the Tegula, but it was not broken,

or even a single crack was not visible. We can say that our Tegula is durable and

strong.

Fire Resistance Results

We made the fire proofing test by comparing it to a commercialized Tegula

sample. As compared to the commercialized Tegula, its fire resistance is the

same. It did not burn, but left a mark on the Tegula product.

Discussion

24

Comparing the Tegula product that was made into the commercial Tegula

sample, we can say that the strength and durability of our product is the same as

the commercialized Tegula. It is also fire resistant. Hence, the Tegula house roof

that we made is a quality product which can be sold in the market at a lower

price.

Table 2.Computations:

Based from the experiment, the cost of the tiles is as follows:

Material Cost

1 bag of cement Php 200.00

1 gallon of Admixture Php 300.00

Water Lily Php 0.00

Table 2.1Materials needed for every piece of roof tiles:

Material Unit

Cement 3 kg

Admixture 200 mL

Water Lily 200 grams

Table 2.2Material Cost per piece:

Cement 3 kg (Php200/45kg) = Php13.3333

Admixture 200mL (Php300/Gallon) = Php 0.3750

Labor cost 43.82% of materials = Php6.0050

25

Cost = Php19.7153

26

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

Summary

This investigatory research proposal aimed to determine if water lily

fibers can be an effective additive component to cement in making

concrete tegula roof and to evaluate the acceptability of water lily fibers.

Specifically the researchers sought to find answers to the following

questions:

1. Can we use water lily fibers as an additive in making concrete tegula roof?

2. How durable is the finished product if the researchers used water lily fibers in

making tegula house roof?

3. The researchers want to determine the quality of water lily fibers in terms of:

3.1 Quality

3.2 Effectiveness

3.3 Capability of being mixed

4. Testing

4.1 Strength

4.2 Durability

4.3 Fire Resistance

4.4 Water proofing

5. Cost

The researchers used experimental method to produce or manufacture

tegula house roof using water lily fibers. In making tegula house roof, the 27

researchers first gathered all samples. The water lily fibers should be dried

up before it would be grinded to its smallest particles. After the preparation

of the materials, it will be mixed together with different ratio to attain the

desired result. It will undergo into curing so that it can be tested to know

the compressive strength of the sample ratio and into compact test as

well.

Conclusion

Based from the findings, the following ratio was revealed:

1. Water lily fibers are possible to use in making tegula house roof.

2. The plasticizer added more strength in the cement.

3. Using water lily fibers as one of the main components or additives to the tegula

house roof help the environment in such a way that it can help reduce the water

lily waste population and to reduce air pollution in using wood ashes as well.

Manufacturing of this tegula house roofing also help to create job opportunities to

the community. The tegula house roof made is priced low due to the raw

materials used.

4. In actual making of this tegula house roof it was found out that too much water

lily fibers, wood ashes and less amount of cement makes it weak. Furthermore, it

was also found out that during the process, the mixture must have a well-

controlled pouring of water in order to avoid over mixing.

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IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Implications

Based from observations, the researchers had formulated the following

implications:

1. During experimentation, the researchers found out that the water that settled in

the molder affect the strength of the tegula house roof.

2. The more water lily fibers to be mixed, the more water to add.

3. The amount of water to be added also affect the strength of the mixture.

Recommendations

After the data and findings were analyzed, the researchers recommend the

following:

1. To the next researchers who has interest in Applied Science involving water lily

raw materials, a thorough follow-up study is recommended to determine the

effectiveness of water lily fibers and wood ashes in making tegula house roofs

and determining the life span of the roofing.

2. The researchers recommend further study to develop better design mixes.

3. Try to use various additives that can be an alternative for better and lower priced

product.

4. Try to find other materials that can be used for the tegula molder.

5. Study more about the fibers and types of cement more appropriate to use in

mixing with wood ashes to meet the given specification.

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6. Further research in its uses is highly recommended to ease the fear of what the

community might think of the product.

Impact Test and Compressive Strength

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Trial 1

First Test

Broke into fragments, many cracks

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Trial 2

Trial 3

Second Test

Few cracks, broke into two

Third test

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Fire Resistance Test

(As compared to a Commercial Tegula sample)

No damage

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Procedures

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Commercial Tegula Tegula Product

Collection of Water Lilies Drying of water lily stems

Getting the fibers Cutting the fibers into smaller pieces

Preparing the molder Putting floor wax on the molder

Mixing the cement, water, and

admixture

Putting the mixture in the molder

Molding Letting it dry

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Final Product

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Internet

www.google.com

www.yahoo.com

http://www.wikipedia.org/

http://www.waterlilybodyandbath.com

http://epaniqui.com

http://newsinfo.inquirer.net

http://specialtyfabricsreview.com

http://www.highbeam.com

http://www.luntiancorner.com

www.inquirer.net

www.philstar.com

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APPENDICES

TIME TABLE

June July August

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Revision

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

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