Water Expertise and Training Centre Water Expertise and Training Centre

DHANDHAN’’ss HWT HWT programmeprogramme

status and plan forwardstatus and plan forward

A.GurunathanA.Gurunathan, Chief Executive, Chief Executive

&&

J.KanagavalliJ.Kanagavalli

DHAN FoundationDHAN Foundation

Madurai, IndiaMadurai, India

Sources of water in India

�� Ground water Ground water –– 433 BCM433 BCM

�� Open wells Open wells

�� Shallow and deep Shallow and deep borewellsborewells

�� Surface water Surface water –– 690 BCM690 BCM

�� Ponds/Ponds/OoranisOoranis

�� Rivers and streamsRivers and streams

�� Springs Springs

Source : Planning commission of IndiaSource : Planning commission of India

Water quality issuesWater quality issues

� India is world’s largest groundwater user

� Groundwater is primary source (85%) of rural

drinking water

� Drinking water coverage - 96% of rural habitations

(MoRD)

� Around 280,000 habitations (about 20 % of the

habitations covered under water supply) slipped back

-Source failure and poor O&M (WSP)

� 19% face severe water quality problems (WSP)

Water quality issuesWater quality issues

�� Out of 1.42 million habitations 2,16,968 are water Out of 1.42 million habitations 2,16,968 are water

quality affected quality affected (MoRD)

�� 1,95,318 habitations are affected by non biological 1,95,318 habitations are affected by non biological

water quality problems water quality problems (WaterAid)

�� 7067 habitations affected by Arsenic 7067 habitations affected by Arsenic (MoRD)

�� 0.11 million habitations affected by Iron 0.11 million habitations affected by Iron (MoRD)

�� 66 million people in 200 districts in 20 states affected 66 million people in 200 districts in 20 states affected

by fluoride by fluoride (MoRD, , waterAid)

Need for HWTS in Indian ContextNeed for HWTS in Indian Context

�� 220 million Indians do not have access to safe drinking water.220 million Indians do not have access to safe drinking water.

�� 86% of the diseases in the country directly or indirectly relate86% of the diseases in the country directly or indirectly related to poor d to poor

quality of drinking water ( Source :2004, Water management in quality of drinking water ( Source :2004, Water management in indiaindia, ,

P.C.BansilP.C.Bansil) )

�� 37.7 million affected by waterborne diseases annually (37.7 million affected by waterborne diseases annually (IndiraIndira

Khurana.etalKhurana.etal WaterAidWaterAid))

� India loses 73 million days a year due to waterborne diseases, costing

Rs $600 million in production losses and treatment ((IndiraIndira

Khurana.etalKhurana.etal WaterAidWaterAid).).

�� 122 million households in the country are without toilets 122 million households in the country are without toilets

�� Of IndiaOf India’’s 700,000 primary and upper primary schools, only one in s 700,000 primary and upper primary schools, only one in

six have toiletssix have toilets

Why DHAN is interested in HWTSWhy DHAN is interested in HWTS……

�� Overall objective of DHAN Overall objective of DHAN programmesprogrammes : Poverty : Poverty reductionreduction

�� Children miss schooling partly due to water issuesChildren miss schooling partly due to water issues

�� Leakage of money due to health issues/Leakage of money due to health issues/

diseasesdiseases

�� HWT is a tool to address the health issues and minimize HWT is a tool to address the health issues and minimize the leakages as well as low cost solution to poor the leakages as well as low cost solution to poor families to get safe drinking waterfamilies to get safe drinking water

�� New New programmesprogrammes to keep the vibrancy of the peopleto keep the vibrancy of the people’’s s institutionsinstitutions

Scaling Up Model for WSPScaling Up Model for WSP

Intermediating

technologies for the

poor

(targeting appropriate

technologies)

Creating an enabling

environment

• Awareness creation

through existing programs

• Government collaboration

• Philanthropy

• Micro finance Groups

Building Social Capital

• Household Focus

• Retailing at the small group level

• Wholesaling at the Federation level

(multiple groups)

Implementation Strategies Implementation Strategies -- WSPWSP

�� Organizing the communityOrganizing the community

�� To get involved in development activitiesTo get involved in development activities

�� Pilot demonstrationsPilot demonstrations

�� Create Create ‘‘pull effectpull effect’’ and build internal capacity of and build internal capacity of

the people for the people for upscalingupscaling

�� Water LiteracyWater Literacy

�� Awareness creation on importance of safe waterAwareness creation on importance of safe water

�� Water WatchWater Watch

�� Water quality monitoring Water quality monitoring

�� Encourage people to people expansionEncourage people to people expansion

�� Transfer of informationTransfer of information

Established the Water Expertise and Training Centre (WETC) on October 2nd 2006

� Capacity building for production, use and trouble shooting of water filters

� Water quality monitoring

� Documentation of experience on water programme.

� DHAN’s direct involvement in production and installation of filters (Biosand filters , Ceramic filters)

DHANDHAN’’ss

initiatives on initiatives on

HWTSHWTS

Current status

�� Building capacity on Promoting safe drinking water Building capacity on Promoting safe drinking water

a.a. Knowledge building for NGOKnowledge building for NGO’’s, Government staff, s, Government staff,

people staff people staff

b.b. Awareness creation for group membersAwareness creation for group members

c.c. Water literacy Water literacy programmeprogramme for schools and general for schools and general

publicpublic

d.d. Other initiatives in positioning safe drinking water Other initiatives in positioning safe drinking water

�� Promoting partnershipPromoting partnership

�� Scale up of house hold water filters Scale up of house hold water filters –– projects projects

completed completed

�� Filters production and distribution Filters production and distribution

�� Water quality assessment Water quality assessment

a. Knowledge building for NGOa. Knowledge building for NGO’’s, s,

Government staffs, people staffGovernment staffs, people staff

Initiatives taken Outcome

1. Programme implementers training

workshop( 4 days each )

People from other NGOs and

educational institutions were

offered training. During the year

2007-2008 two programme

implementers workshops were

conducted. Out of these, one was

organized jointly with CAWST and

the other exclusively by DHAN.

43 candidates from 7 NGOs, Govt

and DHAN participated.

One training was exclusively

conducted to the staff and engineers of

Sarva Siksha Abhigyan (SSA) of

Nellore, Chittoor and Adilabad district

in Andhra Pradesh

2. Organized two seminars one day

each) for other organizations and

school children to create awareness

about safe drinking water

154 candidates participated in the

2seminars conducted on the

importance of safe drinking water

Contd…

a. Knowledge building for a. Knowledge building for NGosNGos, ,

Government staffs, people staffGovernment staffs, people staff

Initiatives taken Outcome

3. Training for People staff

(2 days )

People directly working with

community were trained to

create awareness among the

community

45 Associates ( people staff)

from 15 locations got trained in

awareness creation about safe

water, water filters, installation

of BSF and trouble shooting.

Ceramic : 131 Associates were

given training on technology of

ceramic filters and trouble

shooting

Contd…

bb. Awareness creation for Members. Awareness creation for Members

Initiatives taken Outcome

1. Orientation to End users

(one / half day): End users

and village leaders were

identified from the villages

and given orientation about

safe drinking water

BSF :20 programmes were

conducted to the users. 468

people participated.

c. Water literacy c. Water literacy programmeprogramme for schools for schools

and general publicand general public

Activity 1

� Water literacy through Dhan Community Volounteer’s

programme by adopting a few schools in villages

Activity 2

� Water literacy programme in all the schools of Madurai city

(Both corporation and State government managed) by

giving ToT to selected teachers from each school as part of

Madurai Marathan 2008. Contd…

Training to Training to

SHG members SHG members

At the class room

TOT on Ceramic filters

� DHAN represented as a Panel member in evolving drinking water guidelines for Govt of India and in Indian Science Congress 2008 on “Science and Technology Challenges for Domestic Water Security in Rural India” held at Visakapattinam

� Promotional materials for school teachers prepared and given

� Savings product in MFGs used for safe drinking water

� Establishment of centre for urban water resources (CURE) as a part of WETC

� Urban water bodies renovation

� Waste water and sanitation

� Safe drinking water

� Awareness film screening -21 blocks ,104 villages 7760viewers

d. Awareness creation on safe drinking water d. Awareness creation on safe drinking water

-- Other initiativesOther initiatives

2. Building partnershipScale up of house hold water filters Scale up of house hold water filters –– projects completedprojects completed

Initiatives

taken

Outcome (Projects/No of filters)

DVTF involved

directly in

production and

installation of

BSF and

Ceramic filters

� Canadian High Commission project :1039 (Completed)

� Development Tourism project: 52 (Completed)

� Women and Water project : 125 (ongoing)

� Tsunami project: 961(ongoing)

� Friends of Canada I :83( completed)

� Friends of Canada II :130(completed)

� Madurai Marathan :50( completed)

� Nellore SSA :50(Completed)

� Rotary club:200( ongoing)

� Water4life ceramic pressure candle filters :550 (completed)

� Water4life ceramic gravity candle filters :10000

(completed)

Currently there are five BSF production centers and 3 ceramic

production centers in Tamilnadu (TN) state

3. Filter production and distribution

Particulars Particulars During 07During 07--0808 As on March 09As on March 09

No of projects 4(BSF)+1(Ceramic)8(BSF)+1(Ceramic)

No of filters produced 686(BSF) + 10000

(Ceramic)2700(BSF) +10000

(Ceramic)

Filters installed 850 BSF +10000

Ceramic

2220 BSF installed +10000

Ceramic in use

209 filters installed in

schools

No of project

locations

14(8 new-

BSF)+27(Ceramic)

20 (BSF) + 27 (Ceramic)

No of villages covered23(15 new)BSF

+92(Ceramic)

72 (BSF) + 92 (Ceramic

BSF placed in a house of one of BSF placed in a house of one of

the beneficiaries at the beneficiaries at KaraikudiKaraikudi

(sponsored by friends of DHAN)(sponsored by friends of DHAN)

BSF in BSF in PushpavanamPushpavanam in in

VedharanyamVedharanyam blockblock

Ceramic filter in use

4.Water quality assessment

Initiatives

taken

Outcome

Water Quality

assessment

DHAN has purchased an Oxfam Delagua Test Kit for testing

Microbial quality of water. During 2007-2008 water samples

from 50 BSF filters were tested. Results show that more than

71% of filters tested had greater than 80% pathogen removal

efficiency.

Ceramic filters : Pathogen removal efficiency ranges from 70-

99%

Water testing using H2S Viols

50 Water sources were tested and results were shared with the

community

Water testing using H2S strips

Members testing

the water quality

using H2S strips

Lessons learned

Biosand filters

� Proper orientation to the users about the principles and

technology is very important and it is also equally

important to give the post installation training for

regular maintenance.

� Usage rate is high where the training is given

� Difficulty in shifting the filters due to changing of the

houses

Lessons learned

Ceramic filters

� Availability of quality candles for replacement should be made well in advance ( within two months of distribution)

� 70% of users in 1st batch encountered a corrosion in the weld lines –chosen quality of steel for second batch

� Proper training is necessary before filter delivery

�� Replacement of candles on timeReplacement of candles on time-- Damaged candles , Damaged candles , Carbon oozing out, Brittle candlesCarbon oozing out, Brittle candles

�� Cleaning the candles (hot water, soap should not be Cleaning the candles (hot water, soap should not be used)used)

�� Top and bottom containers are too tight or too looseTop and bottom containers are too tight or too loose

�� Corrosion, leakages in the containers,Corrosion, leakages in the containers,

�� Upside down assembly of filter candlesUpside down assembly of filter candles

Lessons learned

� The percentage of families which drink water from

other sources is also high – reduction in diarrhea may

be less

� Training

� Selection of people for ToT should be made care

fully ( 25% Buffer) to solve

�Turnover of staff

�Transfer/ role shift

�Lack of communication skill / convincing skill

Towards MainstreamingTowards Mainstreaming

�� Creation of production capacity with maintenance and Creation of production capacity with maintenance and quality monitoring servicesquality monitoring services-- District centers in tsunami District centers in tsunami regionsregions

�� Government collaboration at District and State levels Government collaboration at District and State levels (get into state and government plans)(get into state and government plans)

�� Networking with other interested organizationsNetworking with other interested organizations

�� Creation of bankable model with micro finance Creation of bankable model with micro finance programsprograms

�� Intensification of TrainersIntensification of Trainers’’ training for NGOs, training for NGOs, government officials and bankers government officials and bankers

�� Management program for strategic leadersManagement program for strategic leaders

Challenges and Way forwardChallenges and Way forward�� Developing resources for scaling up demonstrationsDeveloping resources for scaling up demonstrations

� Fund raising for large scale demonstration and and administrationadministration

�� Development of human resourcesDevelopment of human resources

��Reducing the time delay between the training and Reducing the time delay between the training and installation of Biosand filtersinstallation of Biosand filters

�� Continuous research and advancementContinuous research and advancement

�� Integrating servicesIntegrating services

�� Offering HWTS optionsOffering HWTS options

�� Combining HWTS and sanitationCombining HWTS and sanitation

�� Design innovation for higher adoptionDesign innovation for higher adoption

Challenges and Way forward

� User Acceptance -Changing the habit and mindset of

rural community on using HWTS

� Addressing the latent needs

� Creating demand for HWT options

� Continuous monitoring

� Sustainability of WETC

� Integration of Oorani and BSF, RWH and BSF

Challenges and Way forward -Water

Literacy programme(WLP)� Convincing the school head masters to allocate time

(apart from their regular classes) for WLP

� The WLP requires a lot of man power for its delivery.

Hence, some of the teachers of the schools and interested

youth in the village could be engaged in the WLP. But

since it is not part of the mandatory curriculum, the rigor

shown by the teachers (mostly assigned by the head

master) in WLP is low

� Since the students are not adequately prepared (or) not

given appropriate instruction regarding the WLP, the

participation in some of the schools is weak.

Plan For 2009-2010

�� District level filters production centers District level filters production centers –– developing developing

entrepreneursentrepreneurs

�� CIDA funded WETC Training CIDA funded WETC Training ProgrammeProgramme in Indiain India

�� Madurai urban water watch Madurai urban water watch

�� Awareness creation on safe drinking water and sanitation: 20 Awareness creation on safe drinking water and sanitation: 20

blocks and 1000 members in Madurai corporationblocks and 1000 members in Madurai corporation

�� Emerging collaborationsEmerging collaborations

�� Collaboration with IIT Chennai, Rotary clubsCollaboration with IIT Chennai, Rotary clubs

�� Building partnershipBuilding partnership

�� Water4life, The NetherlandsWater4life, The Netherlands

�� Corporates(ArgyamCorporates(Argyam, SRTT/SDTT) and government , SRTT/SDTT) and government

agencies (ITDA, SSA, JNNURM)agencies (ITDA, SSA, JNNURM)

Plan For 2008-2009(WLP)

�� Water literacy( WLP)Water literacy( WLP)

�� Orientation to school childrenOrientation to school children-- 3 levels 3 levels

�� Orientation to General PublicOrientation to General Public

� Workshop for College Students

� Preparation of resource materials

�� ExhibitionExhibition

Future direction

� Up scaling HWTS

�Collaboration with government

� Holistic pilots ( KAP)

� Urban, Rural, Tribal and coastal contexts

� Safe drinking water, sanitation and wastewater

recycling

� Education /Training

� Short term courses in TATA DHAN Academy

(DMP) and DHAN People Academy

� Research study

� Experimentation