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Water & Energy Security Workshop
Water & Environmental Research Activities
at TAMUQ
Ahmed Abdel-WahabChemical Engineering ProgramTexas A&M University at Qatar
February 16, 2015
Qatar Sustainable Water & Energy
Utilization Initiative (QWE)
• Formally launched on February 1,
2010
• Center of Excellence for open and
cooperative research, and capacity
building.
• Strategic Advisory Board to steer
the QWE
• Stakeholder engagement through
QWE consortium
• Collaboration with local, regional,
and international researchers.
Introduction
• More than $15M research projects
• Address problems related to the
needs of Qatari stakeholders
• Provide knowledge and technology
transfer to stakeholders
• More than 30 qualified research
staff
• State-of-the-art analytical
equipment
Current Research Activities
• Advanced water and wastewater treatment processes
– Advanced reduction processes
– Advanced oxidation processes
– Electrochemical and photo-electrochemical treatment processes
• Environmental impact assessment and management
– Environmental impact of cooling water and wastewater discharges
– Regulatory revisions and recommendations of new standards
– Design of discharge/outfall systems
• Desalination Process Innovation
– Zero liquid discharge systems (ZLD)
– Hybrid desalination systems
– Desalination pretreatment
• Utilizing solar energy for carbon dioxide reduction and water treatment
– Photo-electrochemical processes for CO2 conversion to useful fuels
– Photo-electrochemical water and wastewater treatment processes
Current Research Activities (cont.)
• Industrial Energy Systems
- Energy integration in industrial cities
- Renewable energy / systems integration
- CO2 integration
• Heat to Power Technologies
- Materials and design innovation for Organic Rankine Cycles
• Integrated water resources management
- Macroscopic water systems design and optimization
• Water-Energy Nexus and Eco-Industrial Parks
- Co- and Trigeneration
- Industrial ecologies around wastes and by-products
Examples of R&D Projects
Desalination pretreatment/Brine Management/ZLD systems
Pretreatment
Influent
Treatment before RO 2
RO 1
RO 2
Product water
Evaporationsystem
brine
concentrated brineSolids
0 10 20 30 40
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0Raw produced water microfiltration-nanofiltration
Electroflotation-Microfiltration-nanofiltration (Al3+
=50mg/L)
No
rma
lize
d f
lux
(J/J
0)
Volume filtered per unit membrane area (L/m2)
Electroflotation-microfiltration pretreatment improved
flux during produced water nanofiltration.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 1 2 3 4
Molar ratio of lime dose to initial [SO4]
Su
lfate
rem
oval eff
icie
ncy (
%)
Initial [SO4] = 10 mM
Initial [SO4] = 50 mM
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 5 10Molar Ratio of lime dose to initial [Si]
Silic
a r
em
oval eff
icie
ncy (
%)
initial [Si] = 1.5 mM
initial [Si] = 3.0 mM
Effect of lime dose on silica removal (aluminum dose = 0.5 lime dose)
0 5 10 150
2
4
6
DOC
removal
Electrochemical alunimum dosage (mg/L)
DO
C c
on
cen
tratio
n (
mg/L
)
0
20
40
60
DO
C r
em
ova
l (%
)
199 198 197 196 195 194
196.
64 e
V
198.
31 e
V
B 1s
Inte
nsity
(cp
s)
Binding energy (eV)
195.
21 e
V
XPS analysis of produced water electrofloated flocs showing
boron sorption onto the Al(OH)3 coagulant precipitates.
Advanced Reduction Processes
0 10 20 30 40 50
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Irradiation Time (min)
VC
co
nc. (m
g/L
)
VC+UV+dithionite at pH3 Model VC+UV+dithionite at pH3VC+UV+dithionite at pH7 Model VC+UV+dithionite at pH7VC+UV+dithionite at pH10 Model VC+UV+dithionite at pH10
Time (min)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160No
rma
lize
d C
on
cen
tra
tion
(C
/C0
)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2only bromate
sulfite 1.56 mg L-1
sulfite 3.1 mg L-1
sulfite 7.8 mg L-1
sulfite 15.6 mg L-1
sulfite 31.3 mg L-1
Reducing agent type
SulfiteDithionite
Sulfide
Ferrous iron
Ferrous iron + Sulfite
Chlo
rate
Rem
oval P
erc
enta
ge (
%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
UV-254 nm
UV-365 nm
UV-312 nm
Reducing Agent
Activating method
Reductant Radical
Solar-Driven Treatment Processes
Heavy Metals Removals using Reactive Adsorbents Nanoparticles
Nano-Particulate Iron Sulfides
Mackinawite (FeS) Pyrite (FeS2)
Target compounds
(As (III, V), Hg(II), Se(IV, VI))
Stabilization
As(III)
As(V)
Selenate (SeO42-)
Selenite(SeO32-)
Desalination System based on Microbe-Nanostructure
Hybrids
Photo-electrochemical Conversion of CO2 to Useful Fuels
b
Time(h)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
HC
OO
H (
um
ol)
0
50
100
150
200
CuO-CuFeO2 (ED 2h)
CuO-CuFeO2 (ED 2h)
Treatment and Recovery of Produced Water
0 10 20 30 40
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0Raw produced water microfiltration-nanofiltration
Electroflotation-Microfiltration-nanofiltration (Al3+
=50mg/L)
No
rma
lize
d f
lux
(J/J
0)
Volume filtered per unit membrane area (L/m2)
Electroflotation-microfiltration pretreatment
improved flux during produced water
nanofiltration.
ATR-FTIR spectra of raw produced water, flocs generated during
produced water electrocoagulation, and pure Al(OH)3 precipitates
generated during aluminum electrolysis of nanopure water.
199 198 197 196 195 194
196.
64 e
V
198.
31 e
V
B 1s
Inte
nsity
(cps
)
Binding energy (eV)
195.
21 e
V
XPS analysis of produced water electrofloated flocs showing boron sorption onto the
Al(OH)3 coagulant precipitates.
Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitor (KHI) Removal
from Produced Water
Gas Processing Companies use Kinetic Hydrate
Inhibitor (KHI) during the winter season to
prevent hydrate formation in the gas transfer
lines from offshore platforms to onshore facilities.
KHI remains in the produced wastewater which is
injected in wastewater disposal wells.
Laboratory tests have shown that KHI forms a
viscous polymer gel in the injection zone and
causes formation damage.
Therefore, KHI should be removed from
wastewater before the wastewater is injected in
the disposal wells.
This project focuses on KHI removal from
wastewater.
A Holistic Approach for Sustainable Use of Industrial Seawater Cooling (Sponsor: QNRF)
•Develop a scientific framework for environmental impact assessment of cooling water discharge into seawater
•Develop quantitative techniques for predicting the reaction mechanisms and kinetics of biocides and their reaction products in seawater
•Develop computational tools to predict the fate and transport of biocides and their reaction products
• Aid in developing sound regulatory policies
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0 50 100 150 200
Co
nc
en
tra
tio
n (μ
Mo
l)
Reaction Time (hrs)
Chloroform BOCM BBCM Bromoform
Study of Residual Chlorine and Chlorinated Byproducts at MIC Industrial Area (MoE, QAFCO, QAPCO, QP)
Field Sampling and
Analysis
Lab Experiments
Experimental
Hyd
rod
yn
am
ic
Mo
deli
ng
Modeling
Toxicity Analysis
Impact
Recommendations for
Residual Chlorine
Standards
Kin
eti
c M
od
eli
ng
Reactive Transport
Modeling
Sponsors
THANK YOU