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Water – Energy Nexus
W E T C AT a n d C l i m a t e C h a n g e
DSIWM/Water Use and Efficiency Branch
Jim Lin
Interconnection of
Water – Energy – GHG Emission
19.4% of electricity
30% of (non-power plant) natural Gases
Water saving/Energy saving/GHG reduction
Objectives
Energy Consuming Segments of California’s
Water-Use CycleSource
Supply & Conveyance Water Treatment Water
Distribution
Wastewater Treatment
Wastewater Collection
Recycled Water Treatment
Recycled Water Distribution
End Use: Agriculture, Residential, commercial,
industrial
Source
Discharge
CPUC (2010)
Embedded Energy ( e n e r g y u s e b y w a t e r a n d w a s t e w a t e r a g e n c i e s )
Source
Supply & Conveyance
Water Treatment(312 GWh )
Water Distribution (1,000 GWh )
Wastewater Treatment
Wastewater Collection
Recycled Water Treatment
Recycled Water Distribution
Water End Uses: Agriculture, Residential, commercial,
industrial (~30,000 GWh )
Source
Discharge
(2,012 GWh )
End-Use EnergyFocus of Study 2: Retail Water &
Wastewater Systems
Focus of Study 1: Wholesale Water Systems
(15,958 GWh)
CPUC (2010)
• Governor’s EO S-3-05 on June 1, 2005• Secretary of CalEPA - Coordinator• 18 State Agencies
(ARB, CEC, CPUC, NRA, DWR, etc.)• 9 Working Groups• Goals – GHG Emission Reduction Strategies
CATClimate Action Team
9 CAT Working Groups• Public Health
• Research• State Gov.• Water/Energy
or WETCAT
• Agriculture
• Biodiversity• Coastal/Oceans• Forestry• Land Use
Water Energy Team of Climate Action
Team
Help CARB in Developing AB 32 Scoping Plan,
etc.
Six GHG Emission Reduction Measures in Water
• W-1 Water Use Efficiency
• W-2 Water Recycling
• W-3 Water System Energy Efficiency
• W-4 Reuse Urban Runoff
• W-5 Increase Renewable Energy Production
• W-6 Public Goods Charge for Water
WETCAT
Water Use & Effi ciency in DWR
Work on grant-funded ProjectsEvaluation of Water Saving (AF/Yr.)Evaluation of Energy Saving (MWh/Yr.)
Evaluation of GHG emission Reduction (Metric Ton CO2e/Yr.)
WUE Example 1:
Central Basin MWD
Low Flow Toilet Replacement
Water Savings: • 38 GPD per toilet;• 7600 GPD for 200 toilets;
Total Water Savings:
8.5 AF/Yr.
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Low Flow Toliet Replacement Energy Savings: • Total Dynamic Head of GW: 331 ft (101 m, S. CA)• Volume of Water Saving: 10,493 Cubic-Meters• Pump Efficiency: 0.6• Additional Water Treatment Cost: 20%
• Energy Savings: 5.77 MWh (~ $ 700 / Yr.)• GHG Emission Reduction: 2.61 MTon CO2e/Yr.
WUE Example 1: Central Basin MWD
Example 2: Water Recycle
(IEUA, Chino Basin)Recycled water is used for landscape irrigationWater Saving: 13,167 AFY (Energy Intensity: 2,657 KWh/AF)Energy Saving: 34,985 MWh/Yr. (Nonbaseload Emission Rate: 0.452 MTCO2e/MWh)
CO2 Emission Reduction: 15,813 MTCO2e/Yr.This is like to idle 3,163 passenger cars off road(12,000 miles/yr., 20.8 gal/mile, 8.81 kg/gal of gasoline)(5 MTCO2e/car/year)
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Water Saving Analysis
(38 Prop 50 Projects) Water Saving (AF/Yr.) 14,419
Project Life (Year) 10
Grant Amount ($) 12,376,198
Grant Cost of Water ($/AF) 86
Project Total Cost ($) 39,463,200
Total Cost of Water ($/AF) 274
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Pricing of SWP Water (2012, in
$/AF) Grant Funded Water Proj.
86
San Joaquin Valley 52
Southern Cal. 284
Central Coastal 1,408
State Average 185
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Sources for GHG Calculations
www.epa.gov/eGRIDeGRID – Emission and Generation Resources Integrated Data (eGRID2012 ver. 1.1; 2009 data)www.climateregistry.orgCARROT – Climate Action Registry Reporting Online Toolwww.theclimateregistry.orgNorth America GHG Reporting and Evaluation Websitewww.climatechange.water.ca.govDWR Climate Change Webpagehttp://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/ind_calculator.htmlUSEPA Household Emission Calculator
DSIWM/Water Use and Efficiency BranchJim Lin
Ever Wonder How Much GHG You Create?
www.PGE.com/microsite/calculator/calc1.jsp
Utility BillElectricity UsageNatural Gas UsageTravel mileage
