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8/7/2019 Water Efficiency - July 1, 2010
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8/7/2019 Water Efficiency - July 1, 2010
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Huma ns and their ac tivities on e arth ha ve g rea tenvironm enta l imp ac t, ind ividua lly and as a g roup .
Environm enta l Imp ac ts from :
EXTRACTION OF RESOURCES
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT FROMENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT FROMRESOURCE EXTRACTIONRESOURCE EXTRACTION
Meta ls from MINING
Plastics and Petroleum from FOSSIL FUEL DEPOSITS
Woo d and Paper from FORESTS
v ng pa ce rom
Foo d from the SEA & LAND
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT FROMENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT FROMWASTES GENERATEDWASTES GENERATED
WASTEWATER derived from almost a ll uses of water
AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS from burning fuels
SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTES a fte r prod uc t c onsum ption
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Examine your lifestyleExamine your lifestyle
How m any liters of water do you use p er day?
ow many ers o wa s ewa er o you
generate per day?
How m uch stuff do you b uy in a year?
How m uch stuff do you throw a way in a year?
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There are three key factors
[The first two are] the level of consumption[and]
the technology needed to satisfy that consumption, and
dispose of the waste generated. These two factors decide
how much environmental damage is done per person.
, ,
the total level of damage.
Paul Harrisonew c ent st
19 May 1990
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SustainabilitySustainability
the need s of the present without com prom ising the
ab ility of future generations to meet their own need s.
(Brundtland Commission, 1987)
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UN Millennium Developm ent Goa l No. 7
Ensure Environmenta l SustainabilityEnsure Environmenta l Sustainability
Cut in half the numb er of peop le who lac k clean wa ter,improve the lives of p eop le who live in slums, and prom ote
po lic ies that respe c t the g oods of c rea tion
In 2000, more tha n 1.1 billion p eop le lac ked a cc ess to c lean a nd safe.
2.4 billion p eo ple lac k ac c ess to imp roved sanitation.
Peop le suffering from wa ter-borne d isea ses occ upy half of all hospitalbe ds in the world.
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Princip les in Water Mana gementPrincip les in Water Mana gement
Freshw ate r is a finite and vulnerable resource essentia l to susta in life,de velopm ent and the environment.
Water developm ent and m ana gem ent should b e ba sed o n aparticipatory approach involving users, planners and policy-ma kersat all levels.
Water has an ec onom ic va lue in all its c om pe ting uses and should berec ognized as an eco nomic goal.
International Conference on Water and Environment
(Dublin, 1992)
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WATER CRISIS?
Water sca rcity: < 1,000 m 3 of freshwa ter ava ilable p er pe rson p er
year.
Water stress: 1,000 to 1,700 m3 freshwa ter ava ilab le p er person p eryear
Philipp ine a verag e: 1,907 m3 per cap ita
3 ,
World a verag e 7,045 m3 per ca pita
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Clima te Change and Water Supp ly
Vegetation change in watershed andaquifer recharge areas
Loss of reservoir storag e (e vap oration,sedimentation)
Change s in runoff qua ntity a nd q uality
Increased water demand fromcom peting sectors
More frequent a nd intense rainfalleven s, u roug n some p ac es
Potential c onflicts with flood co ntrol
Fac ility inunda tion due to flood d am ag eand sea level rise
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an
Water Effic ienc y
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WATER CONSERVATIONWATER CONSERVATION
The protec tion, development, and efficientma nagement of water resources for
benefic ial purposes
Main Goa l: reduc e water extrac ted from nature
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Why?Why?
usta na ty
Is the extrac tion rate less than the regeneration rate?
Energy c onservation
your tap ?
Habitat conservation
If we d evelop new wa ter sources, we c ould b e stealing the waterfrom the other crea tures of nature, and a lter their habitat
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WATER EFFICIENCYWATER EFFICIENCY
the ac c omplishment of a func tion, task, processor resu w e m n ma amoun o wa er
feasible
indic ato r of the rela tionships be twee n the
and the a mount of water used, oc cupied or
delivered
Main Goal: reduc e wa ter wasted , NOT restric t itsuse
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Water Conservation, Water EfficiencyWater Conservation, Water Efficiencywhats the difference?whats the difference?
OF WATER CONSERVATION
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BEST PRACTICES IN WATER EFFICIENCYBEST PRACTICES IN WATER EFFICIENCY
SOFTWARE(Behavior)
Regulate d p rac tic es
HARDWARE (Infrastruc ture)
- , ,
the home , workplac e, etc.
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Best Prac tic es in SOFTWARE
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Brushing teeth
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Timba-a t-tabo vs shower vs bath?
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Manual vs automated dishwashing?
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Manual laundry vs washing m ac hine?
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Hose & Walis Ting ting vs Pressure Washer?
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Manual c ar wash or water hose?
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Displacement method
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Are you a washer or a wiper?
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Changing Peoples Behavior
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Best Prac tic es in HARDWARE
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HARDWAREHARDWARE
Water Supply
Faucet aerators Pressure car wash
Sanitation
No flush systems (ecosan)
Reuse wa ter
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Automatic shutoff valves
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Aerators for faucets, shower heads
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Sprinklers vs drip irrigation
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Waterless urinal
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Urine diversion toilets
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Probably a better system for Southeast Asians
Main toilet bowl for urinationand defecation
For anal cleansing
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Dual Flush / Low Flush Toile t
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Crazy ideas?
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Reuse water
Do we rea lly need to use p ota ble wate r for:
Flushing?
Ca r wa sh?
Reuse w a ter from trea ted sew age
(blac k or greywa ter)
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Reuse Water Applic ationsReuse Water Applic ations
Category Application
Crop lands, nurseries, fisheriesgr cu ure
Parks, highway medians,ce mete ries, golf courses,residential lots, commercial
areas
Industrial rec clin and reuseCooling towers, boiler feed,
,
Rec reationLake s & pond s, streamflowaugmentation
Non-potable urban usesToilet flushing, a ir co nditioning,
firefighting
Direct to water treatment,
Potab le Water Supp ly (direc t &indirect)
rec o wa er supp y reservo r,
groundwater recharge
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Reuse Water in the home
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Wastewa ter garden
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Wastewater ga rden examplesin the Phili ines
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Reuse for agriculture
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Community-based treatment wetlands with reuseBaya wan City, Negros Oriental
Elevated reuse storage for
agriculture, construction &
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firefighting
SUSTAINABILITY CHECK!
,energy aspe c t?
re s was ers env ronmen r en y e wa er nee s o e
pre-heated?
-less ene rgy to treat?
wa ter afterwa rds?
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Other water saving initia tives,Other water saving initia tives,
not nec essarilynot nec essarily
WATER EFFICIENCY measuresWATER EFFICIENCY measures
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Rainwa ter harvesting
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Did you know?.
(RA 6716)
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Swales
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Enhanc ing water retention
AECOM
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Shift from one wa ter source to anotherShift from one wa ter source to another
Surface Water Sources
Which is the more renewable water source?
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Where d o w e w aste w ate r the m ost?Where d o w e w aste w ate r the m ost?
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Water losses in the homeWater losses in the home
Typ ical losses in the home
r pp ng ap
Leaking toilet
Under round i e leak
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Dripp ing tap
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Garden hose leaks
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Leaks
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Whats wrong with this p ic ture?
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Chec k for toilet bowl leaks
Put some dye in the water closet.
gets colored when you dont flush.
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Home Leak Management
Turn off all water devices, then observe your water meter.
Is the flow indicator moving?
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Review your wa ter bill
Comp are with your own a verag emo nthly c onsump tion
Comp are with averag e
c onsump tion p er household(~30 m3 per HH per month)
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on a b igger scale
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MWSS before 1997
Leaks
Spag hetti & IllegalConnections
service
Lower water pressure
to no water
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Manila vs. Asian Cities
CityCity PopulationPopulationWaterWater
AvailabilityAvailability
WaterWater
CoverageCoverage
NonNon--
RevenueRevenueStaff/ 1000Staff/ 1000
ConnectionsConnections
(million)(m illio n) (hrs/ da y)(hrs/ da y) (% o f p op )(% o f p op ) ( % o f p ro d)(% of prod)
Ma nila East (1996)Ma nila East (1996) 3.13.1 1616 5858 6363 9.89.8
Ma nila East (2009)Ma nila Ea st (2009) 6.06.0 2424 9999 1616 1.51.5
Singa poreSingapore 3.03.0 2424 100100 77 2.02.0
Hong KongHong Kong 6.36.3 2424 100100 3636 2.82.8
Seo ulSeoul 10.610.6 2424 100100 3535 2.32.3
K. LumpurK. Lumpur 1.41.4 2424 100100 3636 1.41.4
Source : Asian Developm ent Bank 1996 Data
BangkokBangkok 7.37.3 2424 8282 3838 4.64.6
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24/ 7 Water Ava ilability24/ 7 Water Ava ilability
3.13.1 MILLION CUSTOMERSMILLION CUSTOMERS
2009
6.06.0 MILLION CUSTOMERSMILLION CUSTOMERS
26%26% 99%99%
24 hours 13- 23 hours 0-12 hours
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Water Supp ly, Billed Volume and NonWater Supp ly, Billed Volume and Non--Revenue WaterRevenue Water
1800 70%
1400
1600
(MLD)
50%
60%
1000
1200
perDay
40%
NRW
400
600
ionLiter
20%
%
0
200
7 7 '
Mill
0%
10%
Supply BV NRW%
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SummarySummary
WaterEfficiencyfocusesmoreonreducingwastedwater,notr r gu
infrastructure
Systemleakscanbefarbiggerthanwastageinwateruse
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Salamatpo!76ma rk.mulingba yan@ma nilawater.com , ma rk.mulingb aya n@yaho o.co m