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Water cycle. Investigation of specific elements in water cycle. Juraj Vančo 93. p rístav vodných skaut o v a skautiek Tortuga Trenčín Sep 2013. A genda. Cloud as a water cycle element Question raise Example Result Forest in water cycle Question raise Experiment How to… Results. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Water cycle
Investigation of specific elements in water cycle
Juraj Vančo93. prístav vodných skautov a skautiek Tortuga Trenčín
Sep 2013
Agenda
• Cloud as a water cycle element– Question raise• Example• Result
• Forest in water cycle– Question raise– Experiment• How to…• Results
Cloud as a water cycle element
• Cloud consists of water, not vapor– aerosols particles accumulate molecules of water
to create droplets– small drops, up to 10 - 100 micrometers
• Movement of particles (air temperature effect) => getting more dense– water air capacity => absolute humidity => rain
Question
• How much water is in a cloud over a garden?– Stratocumulus / cumulonimbus
Example
• 10mm= 1cm of water– 10 kg = 10 liters / 1 m2
– 11 cans / 1 m2
• Garden: 10m x 10m = 100 m2
– 1000 kg = 1000 liters / garden– 5 barrels / garden
Example- computation
• Density of dry air: 0.9 - 1.2 kg/m3• Density of vapor < density of air• Dalton’s law:
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 100000
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
Water density [kg/m3] in atmosphere vs. altitude [m]providing 100% RH, @zero altitude: 25C, 101.325kPa
Example- result
Stratocumulus: 1500m – 2000m Cumulonimbus: 1000m – 12000m
>37 kg/m2>6 kg/m2>100 kg/m2 >150 kg/m2
Forest in water cycle
• Knowing more about water= Biele Karpaty educational trail– What does the information panel say?
• Forest soil retention capability vs. meadow soil retention capability: (Čabouň, Mindáš, LVÚ ZV)
68% : 46%=
1.5
Question
• Microclimate– tree and transpiration
• Forest is an umbrella?• How much water evaporates back??
Experiment
• Create your own precipitation meter
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Forest Meadow
Result
• Data measured during >2 mostly rainy weeks, working days
Forest returns
> 3x more water back
Result- conclusion
• Inspect preception meter once again and make new measurement
• If accepted: check for first order pass filter (probable)• For short frequent rains forest’s contribution factor to
prevent floods is more than 3 x 1,5
5
Experiment- next plans
• Differential pressure sensor for water level
Experiment- next plans
• MPXC2011DT1
Experiment- next plans
• Powered by ultra low power microcontroller
Q & A
• Thanks for watching