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Water Cycle. What is the water cycle?. This is how water circulates through our environment Water changes from water to gas over and over again to complete the water cycle. Evaporation. Water evaporates into the atmosphere from the ocean, lakes, etc. Evaporation = liquid gas. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Water CycleWater Cycle
What is the water cycle?What is the water cycle?
• This is how water circulates through our environment
• Water changes from water to gas over and over again to complete the water cycle.
EvaporationEvaporation
• Water evaporates into the atmosphere from the ocean, lakes, etc.
• Evaporation = liquid gas
CondensationCondensation• When water vapor particles join together
to form a liquid and condense into clouds or dew.
• Condensation = gas liquid
PrecipitationPrecipitation
• Rain or snow that falls to the Earth
InfiltrationInfiltration
• The seeping in of water into soil or rocks through the cracks in the ground.
• Eventually, this water goes back into the lakes and rivers.
RunoffRunoff• Water that flows downslope on Earth’s
surface and may enter a stream, river, or lake.
• The rate of runoff is influenced by the angle of the slope, vegetation, rate of precipitation and soil composition.
• Water that doesn’t go through infiltration, goes through runoff.
RunoffRunoff
TranspirationTranspiration• When plants absorb the water and then
release it back into the atmosphere through evaporation
• Evaporation off of a plant
Water CycleWater Cycle
The Structure of HydrosphereThe Structure of Hydrosphere
• Oceans—96.5% of water found here
• Fresh water—3.5% of water found here
• Fresh water distribution:– Ice: 1.762%
– Groundwater: 1.7%
– Surface Fresh Water: 0.014%
– Atmosphere and soil: 0.002%
Understanding Where Your Water Is Understanding Where Your Water Is Located—Oceans and IceLocated—Oceans and Ice
• What bodies of water hold the largest amount of water?– Oceans—the largest bodies of water on Earth
(contain salt water only)• Features housing water as ICE
– Icebergs: a large piece of freshwater ice floating in open waters. **approx. 85% of icebergs are under the surface of the water.
– Glaciers: any large mass of ice that moves slowly over land formed by snow falling and compressing layer upon layer.
– *permanent snow areas also “house” water as ice
Fresh Water Locations—Surface Fresh Water Locations—Surface WaterWater
• What is the difference between a watershed and a river basin?– Both terms describe land that drains into a
river, stream or lake• River Basin: the term used to describe an
area that drains into a large river• Watershed: the term used to describe an
area that drains into a smaller river or stream
Fresh Water Locations—River Fresh Water Locations—River Basins and WatershedsBasins and Watersheds
• Larger river basins are made up of many interconnected watersheds– Example: Cape Fear and Neuse River Basins
are made of many small watersheds
• The water in a watershed runs to the lowest point—a river, stream, lake, or ocean
Fresh Water Locations—Rivers, Fresh Water Locations—Rivers, Streams, and LakesStreams, and Lakes
• What is a river?– A large channel along which water is continually
flowing down a slope—made of many streams that come together
• What is a stream?– A small channel along which water is continually
flowing down a slope—made of small gullies• What is a lake?
– A body of water of considerable size contained on a body of land
Fresh Water Locations--GroundwaterFresh Water Locations--Groundwater
• What is groundwater?– The water found in cracks and pores in sand,
gravel and rocks below the earth’s surface
• What is an aquifer?– A porous rock layer underground that is a
reservoir for water
What determines how far it What determines how far it goes?goes?
• Porosity: measure of a rock’s ability to hold a fluid.
• Permeability: a measure of the ease of flow of a fluid through a porous solid
AquifersAquifers
• porous rock layer which is capable of yielding useful supplies of water
• layers of sand or fractured rock in which the pore spaces or fractures are filled with water
Other Surface WatersOther Surface Waters
• What is a wetland?– An area where the water table is at, near or
above the land surface long enough during the year to support adapted plant growth
• What are the types of wetlands?– Swamps, bogs, and marshes
• Swamp: a wetland dominated by trees• Bogs: a wetland dominated by peat moss• Marshes: a wetland dominated by grasses