Water Conservation and Recycling NeedsTitle XVI Success Stories

Water Conservation and Recycling RoundtableApril 8, 2010

Sacramento, CA

Title XVI Success Stories

• Purpose: History of Title XVI in SF Bay Area• Implementation: South Bay Water Recycling

(SBWR) in Silicon Valley• Expansion: Bay Area Recycled Water Program• Innovation: Bay Area Recycled Water Coalition• Future Directions: Improving Title XVI Delivery

Title XVI “Reclamation Wastewater and Ground Water Studies” of 1992 Reclamation Projects Authorization and

Adjustment Act (PL102-595)

…to “investigate and identify” opportunities for water reclamation and reuse in the West, for design and construction of “demonstration and permanent facilities to reclaim and reuse wastewater, and to conduct research, and surface waters” including desalting, for the reclamation of wastewater and naturally impaired ground…

The Secretary is authorized to conduct research and to construct, operate, and maintain cooperative demonstration projects for the development and demonstration of appropriate treatment technologies for the reclamation of municipal, industrial, domestic, and agricultural wastewater, and naturally impaired ground and surface waters…

Recycled Water Provides the Most Cost-Effective, Reliable Water Supply

• Sacramento-San Joaquin supplies continue to be threatened by multiple stressors– Drought– Climate change– Degradation of fragile ecosystems

• Locally produced, renewable recycled water provides an immediate supply that “bridges the gap” to other long-range solutions

Title XVI “Reclamation Wastewater and Ground Water Studies” of 1992 Reclamation Projects Authorization and

Adjustment Act (PL102-595)• Sec. 1605. Research and demonstration projects. • Sec. 1606. Southern California comprehensive water reclamation and reuse

study. • Sec. 1607. San Jose area water reclamation and reuse program. • Sec. 1608. Phoenix metropolitan water reclamation study and program. • Sec. 1609. Tucson area water reclamation study. • Sec. 1610. Lake Cheraw water reclamation and reuse study. • Sec. 1611. San Francisco area water reclamation study. • Sec. 1612. San Diego area water reclamation program. • Sec. 1613. Los Angeles area water reclamation and reuse project. • Sec. 1614. San Gabriel Basin demonstration project.

South Bay Water RecyclingSouth Bay Water Recycling““Providing drought proof, high-quality water for our community.”Providing drought proof, high-quality water for our community.”

SBWR Regulatory History

1975-1990 • SF Regional Water Quality Control Board Basin Plan

prohibits discharges into south San Francisco Bay: – Less than 10:1 minimum initial dilution, – Discharge to dead-end sloughs, and – Discharge south of the Dumbarton Bridge.

• SJ/SC WPCP upgrades to 3° treatment, forms South Bay Dischargers Association (SBDA) with Palo Alto, Sunnyvale to demonstrate “net benefit”

• RWQCB reviews SBDA study, recommends 120 MGD flw limit on San Jose discharge due to fresh water conversion of salt marsh (Order No. 89-012)

SBWR Regulatory History (cont’d)1990-1995 • City of San Jose “South Bay Action Plan” provides for

alternative to construction of deep water outfall:– 380 A salt marsh mitigation – 12 MGD water conservation – 46-51 MGD of water recycling

• State and Regional Boards accepts SBAP in lieu of 120 MGD flow limit (Order WQ 90-5) and require construction of 15 MGD SBWR Phase 1A and up to 47 MGD of future reuse projects (91-152, 93-117)

• San Jose Area Reclamation and Reuse Program Authorized in Title XVI of PL 102-575

System Capital Cost = $248 million• Phase 1A: $140 million ($32.5 million federal)• Phase 1B: $82 million ($20.5 million)• Phase 1C (ARRA): $15 million ($6.5 million)

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SRF Loan

Bonds

• 109 miles of pipeline

• 4 pump stations (54 mgd)

• 3 reservoirs (9.5 MG storage)

• 601 customers• 15 MGD

seasonal use• 10,000 AFY

Zone 3 Reservoir

TPS

WPCP

Yerba Buena Reservoir

Pump Station 5

Pump Station 8/11

• 109 miles of pipeline• 4 pump stations

(54 mgd)• 3 reservoirs

(9.5 MG storage)• 601 customers• 15 MGD seasonal use• 10,000 AFY

One Program , Many Partners

• Master Agreements: San Jose/Santa Clara Water Pollution Control Plant JPA and tributary agencies (three cities, five sanitation agencies)

• Wholesaler-Retailer Agreements: San Jose, Santa Clara, Milpitas, San Jose Water Company

• Construction Agreements: Milpitas, Santa Clara, SJSU• Joint Funding (Silver Creek): SCVWD, Calpine• Grant Funding: USBR, SWRCB• New 40-year Partnership with Santa Clara Valley

Water District to jointly develop future water reuse projects

Over 600 Satisfied Customers

Over 600 Satisfied Customers

40 local residents irrigate community garden plots with recycled water

SBWR Production Increasing

Stable Costs, Increasing Revenues

• $6.46 million offered towards construction of up to 10 projects

• 8 projects with an estimated cost of $14.77 million selected for construction, operation by 9/30/11

• Additional projects may be built if significant cost savings or additional funds are available.

2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Funded Projects

SBWR Phase 1C Projects

Project Cost AFY

1. SC Central Park $4.30110

2. SJ Airport $1.72100

3. SCIndustrial 1 $0.75300

4. SBWR Laterals &Garden $0.98105

5. SJ State University $0.79135

6. SC Industrial 2 $1.90140

7. SC Industrial 3A $5.30500

8. SJ School Extensions $1.14100

Total Phase 1C Improvements 14.78 1500-2000

Potential Cooling Tower DemandPotential Cooling Tower Demand# Use (AFY) %

Existing Customers

Landscape Irrigation 583 5755 68%Cooling Towers 7 2277 27%Other Industrial 10 454 5%Potential Cooling Tower DemandCooling Towers 0–50 ft 39 1746Cooling Towers 50 – 500 ft 6 63Cooling Towers 500-2500 ft 17 206

San Jose’s proposed indoor use requirements

Existing Outdoor Use Rules

• > 10,000 sf must be plumbed for recycled water (§15.11.260)

• Must connect to recycled water when available (§15.10.295)

• Planning Director can exempt facilities from requirements

Proposed Indoor Use Rules

•Install dual-plumbed systems for indoor use within SBWR Service Area (1/2 mile) or >50ksf .•Connect when recycled water available.•Planning Director can exempt facilities from requirements

USBR-funded research helped SBWR address salinity issues

Comparison of Advanced Treatment Methods for Partial Desalting of Tertiary Effluents (USBR, SCVWD, City of San Jose, 2004) compared reverse osmosis, electrodialysis reversal to improve recycled water quality.

Membrane Filtration

Filtrate Storage Tank

Cartridge Filters

Product Water Storage Tank

Strainers

Influent Pumps

RO Transfer Pumps

High Pressure RO Pumps

Reverse Osmosis

RO Reject toCCT No. 1-3 Influent

MF Backwash Waste to Headworks

Secondary Treatment

Tertiary Treatment

Nitrified Secondary Effluent

Chlorine Contact Tanks

SF Bay

UV

Transmission Pump Station

SBWR Recycled

Water

108” SBWR Diversion Pipeline

Cl2

Proposed South Bay Advanced Recycled Water Treatment Facility

SJ/SC WPCP and SBWRExisting Treatment Facilities

Cl2SO2

Outfall

Membrane Filtration

Filtrate Storage Tank

Cartridge Filters

Product Water Storage Tank

Strainers

Influent Pumps

RO Transfer Pumps

High Pressure RO Pumps

Reverse Osmosis

RO Reject toCCT No. 1-3 Influent

MF Backwash Waste to Headworks

Secondary Treatment

Tertiary Treatment

Nitrified Secondary Effluent

Chlorine Contact Tanks

SF Bay

UV

Transmission Pump Station

SBWR Recycled

Water

108” SBWR Diversion Pipeline

Cl2

Proposed South Bay Advanced Recycled Water Treatment Facility

SJ/SC WPCP and SBWRExisting Treatment Facilities

Cl2SO2

Outfall

Bay Area Recycled Water Coaltion (BARWC) Expands to SF Bay Area

BARWC Brings Communities Together and Promotes Sustainable Water Use

“The challenge for Congress is that stakeholders’ perspectives on how to improve the program are fundamentally different. Project sponsors generally prefer a more streamlined project development process and expanded program appropriations, while the Administration supports a smaller, more focused program with long-term objectives tied to federal interests.”

How Can We Improve?1. Continue to invest in research and development of new

technologies to speed construction, improve water quality2. Federal funding should continue to bring partners together to

promote sustainable water reuse– Encourage local agencies to work across jurisdictional boundaries– Incentivize new customer connections (e.g. tax credits for industrial

customers) – Emphasize benefits to gain support for funding authorized projects

3. New competitive programs should augment, not replace existing Title XVI project funding– Minimize duplication of local, state planning and design effort– Create ongoing local-state-federal working group to provide

“continuous improvement” of Title XVI program

Conclusion

• On a life-cycle basis, recycled water projects continue to provide the least expensive, most reliable water supply available in the Western US

• Federal support is needed to ensure that long-term benefits are not obscured by cheaper short-term alternatives

• The Title XVI program continues to play a major role in developing the recycled water market and ensuring the success of future local projects