waste and resource recovery strategy 2013–2023Qu · 2017. 10. 24. · QuEAnbEyAn City CounCil WAstE And REsouRCE RECovERy stRAtEGy PAGE 7 A number of federal and state government

PAGE 1QuEAnbEyAn City CounCil WAstE And REsouRCE RECovERy stRAtEGywaste and resource recovery strategy 2013–2023

This report was researched and prepared by

A.Prince Consulting Pty Ltd ABN 96 077 504 226Email: [email protected]: www.aprince.com.au

SYDNEYTH 4/28 West StNorth Sydney NSW 2060 Phone: (02) 9907 0994

for

Queanbeyan City Council PO Box 90 Queanbeyan NSW 2620

Web: www.qcc.nsw.gov.auContact: Vanessa Palmer Waste Minimisation CoordinatorTel: 02 62856192

Document status

Rev. no. Document purpose Author Peer Review Editor Date1 Draft Anne Prince Ros Dent Helen Cooney June 20132 Final Anne Prince Ros Dent Alison Ramsey September 20133 Graphic Design Draft Carolyn Brooks Vanessa Palmer Natasha Abbott October 20134 Graphic Design Final Carolyn Brooks Vanessa Palmer Michael Thompson October 2013

© October 2013

DISCLAIMERAny representation, statement, opinion or advice, expressed or implied in this publication is made in good faith, but on the basis that APC is not liable (whether by reason of negligence, lack of care or otherwise) to any person for any damage or loss whatsoever, which has occurred or may occur in relation to that person taking or not taking (as the case may be) action in respect to any representation, statement of advice referred to here.

contents, acronyms and abreviations

8. other services and related issues .......................................... 558.1 bio-solids ............................................................................ 558.2 Littermanagement ............................................................ 558.3 ContainerDepositScheme(CDS) ...................................... 558.4 Illegaldumping ................................................................. 568.5 Awayfromhomerecycling ................................................ 578.6 Education ........................................................................... 578.7 CommercialandIndustrial ............................................... 588.8 Regionalcollaboration ....................................................... 599. Strategicframework ............................................................... 619.1 Recommendations ............................................................. 629.2 ActionPlan ......................................................................... 68

executivesummary .............................................................................. 51. Introduction ............................................................................. 232. Currentsituation ..................................................................... 252.1 Socio-demographics .......................................................... 252.2 Currentwasteservicesandprograms............................. 252.3 Waste diversion ................................................................. 272.4 Systemperformance ........................................................ 283. Communityconsultation ........................................................ 313.1 Community-consultationoutcomes ................................. 313.2 Issuesforconsideration .................................................... 324. Principles ................................................................................. 364.1 EcologicallySustainableDevelopment(ESD) ................... 364.2 Waste Hierarchy ................................................................ 365. Policy context and drivers ....................................................... 375.1 NationalPolicyDrivers....................................................... 375.2 Stategovernmentpolicydrivers ....................................... 385.3 Regionalpolicydrivers ....................................................... 395.4 local policy drivers ............................................................ 406. Wastecollectionandprocessingoptions .............................. 417. Futureservicesandfacilities .................................................. 437.1 Recycling ........................................................................... 437.2 Recyclingprocessing .......................................................... 447.3 Garden waste ..................................................................... 447.4 Gardenwasteprocessing .................................................. 447.5 Food waste ........................................................................ 477.6 Rural waste services ......................................................... 487.7 General waste .................................................................... 497.8 General waste disposal ..................................................... 507.9 Binconfiguration ............................................................... 507.10 WasteMinimisationCentre .............................................. 517.11 Bulkywaste ........................................................................ 54

Index of TablesTable1–Wastecollectionsystems ..................................................... 25Table2–Typeofnumberofservices ................................................ 26Table3–Totaltonnesrecovered ........................................................ 28Table4–Statewastetargets ............................................................... 28Table5–KerbsidePerformancestandardscomparedtoQueanbeyan ......................................................................................... 28Table6–Assumptionsusedinmodel ................................................ 41Table7–Processingoptionsforgardenwaste ................................. 45Table8–Generalwastebinorganiccomposition .............................. 47Table9–Binconfiguration .................................................................. 50Table10–Actionplan2013–2023 ...................................................... 69

Acronyms

ABS AustralianBureauofStatistics

ACt Australian Capital territory

APC A.PrinceConsulting

AWT advancedwastetreatment

CDS containerdepositscheme

C&I commercialandindustrial

C&D constructionanddemolition

dHl dHl Express

DWMC domesticwastemanagementcharge

EfW EnergyfromWaste

Eoi Expression of interest

E-waste electronic waste

EPA EnvironmentalProtectionAuthority

EPR extendedproducerresponsibility

ESD ecologicalsustainabledevelopment

KAB KeepAustraliaBeautiful

LGA LocalGovernmentAssociation

acronyms and abbreviations

MBT mechanicalbiologicaltreatment

MGB mobilegarbagebin

MOU MemorandumofUnderstanding

MRF materialsrecoveryfacility

MSW municipalsolidwaste

nsW new south Wales

POEO ProtectionoftheEnvironmentandOperations

QCC QueanbeyanCityCouncil

RFID RadioFrequencyIdentificationDevice

RID RegionalIllegalDumping

sERRG south Eastern Resource Recovery Group

SEROC SouthEastRegionalOrganisationofCouncils

SSROC SouthernSydneyRegionalOrganisationofCouncils

STP seweragetreatmentplant

WAMI WasteMinimisationCentre

WARR waste avoidance and resource recovery

Abbreviations

Co2e carbondioxideequivalent

Hhld household

kg kilogram

l litres

tpa tonnesperannumt–tonnes

Definitions

AlistofdefinitionsisprovidedinAppendixA.

Index of ChartsChart1–Pastandcurrentwastedisposalandresourcerecovery..... 27Chart2–Overallhouseholdwastegeneration ................................... 29Chart3–Recoveryrates ...................................................................... 29Chart4–Contaminationinrecyclingbydayofcollection .................. 30Chart5–Diversionrates ...................................................................... 30Chart6–Thewastehierarchy ............................................................. 36Chart7–Potentialdiversionrates(excludingWAMIdata) ................ 42

executive summary

PAGE 6 QuEAnbEyAn City CounCil WAstE And REsouRCE RECovERy stRAtEGy

QueanbeyanCityCounciladopteditsfirstwastemanagementstrategymorethan10yearsago,inJuly1999.Asaresultofthatstrategy,anumberofsuccessfulinitiativeswereintroduced,includingthefortnightlygardenwasteservice,expansionoftheWasteMinimisationCentre(WAMI)inLornRoad,reductioningarbagebinsizeto140L,provisionofabi-annualon-callkerbsideclean-upforsingledwellingsandtheprovisionofascheduledbi-annualmulti-unitandruralclean-up.Theseinitiativesarenowcornerstonesofthecurrentwastemanagementprograms.

CouncilhasendorsedtheNSWStateGovernmenttargetsofdiverting66%ofmunicipalsolidwaste(MSW)fromlandfillby2014.Councilhasawell-establishedthree-binsystemforgarbage,recyclingandgardenwaste,whichiswellusedbythecommunityandcurrentlydiverts40%ofallwastegeneratedbyhouseholds.Anadditional10%diversionisachievedthroughtherecyclingactivitiesattheWasteMinimisationCentre(WAMI).However,CouncilisshortofachievingthecurrenttargetandtheEPA’sStrategicPlan2013–2016statesawastediversionfromlandfilltargetforNSWof75%by2021–22.

PAGE 7QuEAnbEyAn City CounCil WAstE And REsouRCE RECovERy stRAtEGy

AnumberoffederalandstategovernmentpoliciesandprogramswillassistCouncilandthebroadercommunitycontributetowastereduction,includingExtendedProducerResponsibilityschemesfore-wasteandotherprioritymaterials.Inaddition,thecarbontaxanddiminishinglandfillspacearedrivinguplandfilldisposalcosts,encouraginggreatersourceseparationinanefforttocontainescalatingcosts,whilecreatingmoreincentiveforcouncilstofindalternativestolandfill.

Aswellasfindinganalternativetolandfill,Councilneedstomaximisewastediversioninacost-effectiveandsustainableway.Additionaldiversionofwastefromlandfillwillonlyoccurthroughacombinationofpoliciesandprograms.ThedevelopmentofthisWaste and Resource Recovery Strategysetsthecontext,targetsandactionstodeliverimprovedwastemanagementoutcomesforQueanbeyanCityCouncilanditscommunityfor the next decade.


Clearly,thenextsignificantchangeinthewastemanagementevolutionwillbearequirementforthecommunitytoreducetheamountoffoodwastesenttolandfill.Foodwastecurrentlyrepresents42%ofthegeneralwastebinand49%whencombinedwithotherorganicspresentintheresidualwastebin.Councilwillneedtopromotearangeofon-siteandoff-siteorganicwastemanagementoptions,includingprovidingallhouseholdswithacurrentgardenwasteservicewithakitchencaddy,bio-bagsandextensiveeducationalmaterials,seenasbestpractice,toencouragefoodwasteseparation.

Councilwillneedtoprepareabusinessplanwithcost–benefitanalysistodeterminethemostappropriate,viableandsustainableprocessingoptionofthecombinedfoodandgardenwasteservice.Thecurrentmanagementofgardenwasteisunsuitableforthisfutureprogramand requires a decision as to whether Council or the private sector are betterplacedtoprocessandmarkettheendproduct.Councilcurrentlycontractswiththeprivatesectortoprocesstherecyclablescollectedfromthekerbsidebinsasthisisahighlyspecialisedactivityandrequiresknowledgeofendmarketstoprovidearevenuestreamtomaintainlowprocessingfees.Thissamesituationcouldapplytothekerbsidecollectedorganics.


Thestrategycontainsarangeofinitiativesandopportunitieswithactionsdevelopedbasedonthewastehierarchyofencouragingwasteavoidance,reduction,reuseandrecyclingpriortoprocessinganddisposingofwaste,aswellasbeingcomplimentarytonational,state,regionalandlocalframeworks.Asapriority,Councilneedsto:

1. Recovermorerecyclingthroughincreasedcommunityawareness;

2. Reducethecurrenthighlevelsofcontaminationintherecyclingstream;

3. Introduceafoodwastecollectionservicetohouseholdswithanexistinggardenwasteservice;

4. Providetraininginhomecompostingandwormfarming,supportedbysubsidisedcompostbinsandwormfarmsforthosehouseholderswhoseektomanageorganicsonsite;

5. Investigatealternativeprocessingoptionsforboththeexistinggardenwaste,futuregardenandfoodwaste,bio-solidsandtheresidualwastestream;

6. Retainthepresentbulkywastecollection;

7. ReconfiguretheexistingWAMItoallowforrecoveryofagreaterrangeoflowtoxicproblemwastesandothermaterialsidentifiedbythecommunity;and

8. ApplyforfundingundertheWaste Less Recycle MorefundingpackagetoimplementthefoodwasteserviceandtoexpandthecurrentdropofffacilitiesattheWAMIforlowtoxicproblemwastes.


Theactionsinthisstrategyarebasedondeliveringthemostpoliticallyacceptable,sociallyandenvironmentallyresponsibleandcommerciallyviableoutcomesforthenextdecadewhilemeetingthecurrentandfuturewaste-diversiontargets.

Fromabaselineof41%in2013,thisstrategyseekstoachievethefollowingtargetsforthekerbsidewasteprogram:

• 45%by2015throughgreatercaptureofrecyclables;

• 64%by2016,followingtheintroductionofthefoodwasteprogram;and

• >70%by2023byprocessingthegeneralwastebinthroughanAdvancedWasteTreatmentfacility,establishedbyeithertheACTGovernmentortheprivatesector.

Seektoreducethecontaminationrateintherecyclingstreamfromabaselineof20%to:

• 10%by2016;and

• 7%by2023.

TheabovetargetsexcludematerialdeliveredtotheWAMI,asnoweighbridgeisprovidednoristhereanyaccuratemethodofdeterminingtheamountofwastedelivereddirectlytotheACTlandfillfromtheQueanbeyancommunity.

Achievingthesetargetsreliesonthecommitmentofallstakeholders,includingCouncil,residents,localbusinessesandvisitors.Thewholecommunityhasaroletoplay.

TheopportunitiesforcontinuousimprovementtoCouncil’swasteserviceshavebeenaddressedinaseriesof87interrelatedandco-dependentrecommendationsandgroupedinto74specificactions(see“Actionplan2013–2023”onpage70)thatwillformthefutureworksprogramforCouncil.


Recycling

1. Improverecyclingrecoverythroughincreasedawareness/educationprograms.

2. Developand/orimplementarecyclingbincontaminationpolicy.

3. Wherehabitualoffenderscontinuallycontaminaterecycling,revoketherecyclingservice.

4. Council,inconjunctionwiththecontractor,engageabinauditortoroutinelyinspecteveryrecyclingbinpriortocollectiononmultipleoccasionstoidentifyandallowtargetedcommunicationtooffendinghouseholds.

5. Whereadditionalrecyclingbincapacityisrequired,Counciltoprovideasanoptiona360Lrecyclingbinatminimaladditionalcharge.

6. Inpreparingforthenextwastecollectioncontract,specifythatthecollectionfleetmustbecapableofcollectingbinsranging240–360Lforrecycling.

Twice a year, Council provides a clean-up service to rural residents...

Before you throw it out, please check if it can be used by someone else, recycled, or given to charity, as items

other than metal and green waste

will go into landfill.

Helpful websites and information:

www.qcc.nsw.gov.au

www.recyclingnearyou.com.au

www.freecycle.org

www.gumtree.com.au

Mugga Resource Facility offers a free drop-off for TVs and computers.

IF NOT DELIVERED WITHIN SEVEN DAYS PLEASE RETURN TO QUEANBEYAN CITY COUNCIL, PO BOX 90 QUEANBEYAN NSW 2620

Twice a year, Council provides a clean-up service to multi-units...

Before you throw it out, please check if it can be used by someone else, recycled, or given to charity, as items

other than metal and green waste

will go into landfill.

Helpful websites and information:

www.qcc.nsw.gov.au

www.recyclingnearyou.com.au

www.freecycle.org

www.gumtree.com.au

Mugga Resource Facility offers a free drop-off for TVs and computers.


Recommendations


Recycling processing

7. MaintainthecurrentcontractualarrangementswithACTNOWasteandRemondisinrelationtoacceptanceandprocessingofallrecyclablesgeneratedbyCouncil.

Garden waste

8. Theexisting240Lgardenwastebinshouldremaintheonlysizeoptionduetopotentialweightissueswithbinusage.

9. Whereadditionalgardenbincapacityisrequired,Councilprovideadditional240Lbinonacostrecoverybasis.

Garden waste processing

10. ThatCouncilseekexpressionsofinterestfrominterestedpartiesto:

• processtheexistingstockpileof7,000–10,000m3ofgardenwasteintogradessuitableforsale;

• receiveandprocesstheestimated3,000tonnesgardenorganicsdeliveredtotheWAMI;and

• receiveandprocesstheanticipated1,800tonnesofgardenwastearisingfromthegardenorganicskerbsidecollection.

11. Thattheaboveinformationinformsthedevelopmentofacomprehensivebusinessplantoconsiderthefullrangeofoptions,includingcost–benefitanalysisandriskprofileinrelationto:

a) optionsforcollection,transportoftheself-hauledloads;and

b) processingandmarketingofthefinishedproductfromboththeself-hauledandexistinggardenwastecollection.

12. Asamatterofpriority,CouncilshouldutilisetheinformationgainedfromtheEOIprocessabovetoinformthedevelopmentofacomprehensivebusinessplan,includingafullcostandriskassessment.

13. Councilpromotethesaleofmulchandmaturedprocessedgreenwastetothecommunity.


Food waste

14. Asamatterofpriority,Councilundertakethedevelopmentofacomprehensivebusinessplanincludingafullcost–benefitanalysisandriskprofileinrelationtotheexploringtheoptionsforcollection,transport,processingandmarketingofthefinishedproductfromthefuturefoodandgardenwastecollection.

15. Promoteavoidanceoffoodwastebycommunityoutreachinadditiontosupportingthepassive“LoveFoodHateWaste”programinitiativeoftheNSWGovernment.

16. Conductatrialtoascertainthetake-uprate,contaminationratesandissuesassociatedwithfood/greenwastecollectionandservices.

17. Introduceasource-separatedfoodwastecollectionserviceaspartofthe240Lgardenwastecollectionserviceforallhouseholdswithanexistinggardenwastebin.

18. Provideeachhouseholderwithanew240Lmobilegarbagebin,kitchencaddyandon-goingsupplyofbio-bags.

19. Considerbothlocalandregionalopportunitieswhenapplyingfor the state government‘Waste Less Recycle More’grantfundingtooffsetthecostofimplementationbasedon$35/householdand$20,000forwasteaudit.

20. Councilofferan‘optin’serviceformedium-densityhousingwherethebodiescorporatenominatetheirbuildingtobepartoftheprogram.

21. Councilreviewthegarden/foodprogramincludingconductingadomesticwasteaudittoquantifyparticipation,contamination,diversion,recoveryandcarbonreductionimpact.Residentsshouldbesurveyedregardingcollectionfrequencytodetermineifchangesshouldbeintroducedtothegarden/foodandgeneralwastebins.

22. ThatCouncilseekexpressionsofinterestfrominterestedpartiesto receive and processtheestimated3,500tonnesofcombinedfoodandgardenwastearisingfromthenewgardenorganicskerbsidecollectionservicetobeintroducedin 2015.


Rural waste services

23. Councilshouldoffertheruralcommunity:

• anoptional240Lyellowlidrecyclingbinand240Lredlidgarbageserviceservicedonalternatefortnights;or

• anoptionalrecyclingserviceonlyforthosepropertieswithalternativewastearrangements.

24. Thattherecyclingdrop-offfacilityatFernleighParkbeclosedfollowingintroductionoftheaboveservices.

General waste

25. Councilofferthecommunityan80Lgeneralwastebinoptionforlowwastegeneratorsforareducedwastecharge.

26. Inpreparingforthenextwastecollectioncontract,Councilneedstospecifythatthecollectionfleetmustbecapableofcollectingbinsrangingfrom80–240Lforgeneralwaste.

27. Councilspecifythatfuelefficientvehicleswouldbefavourablyconsideredinthenextwastecollectioncontract.

General waste disposal

28. ThatCouncilreleaseanEOItointerestedpartiesinrelationtoboththereceiptandprocessingofresidualwastearisingfromCouncilkerbsidegeneralwastecollections.

Bin configuration and technology

29. Councilcommunicatetothecommunitytherangeofwaste,recyclingandgardenorganicsbinsizesandfeeoptionsavailable.

30. Council,inpreparingforthenextcontract,requiretheprovisionofRadioFrequencyIdentificationDevice(RFID)tagsonallnewbinsandtheappropriatehardwareandsoftwareformonitoringbybothCouncilandthecontactor.Maintenanceofthedatabasetobeagreedbetweentheparties.


Waste Minimisation Centre

31. CouncilneedstoundertakeimprovedpromotionoftheWasteMinimisationCentrelocation,servicesandcostinadditiontoimplementingimprovedroadsignage.

32. InvestigatereconfigurationoftheexistingWAMIintheshort-termtoofferanexpandeddrop-offareaforlowtoxicproblemwastesasdefinedbytheNSWEPA,includinggasbottles/fireextinguishers,paint,leadacidbatteries,florescenttubes,smokedetectorsandusedmotoroil.

33. CouncilshouldapplytotheNSWEPAforgrantfundingaspartof‘WasteLessRecycleMore’fundinginitiativetoprovidenewandupgradedexistingdrop-offfacilitiesforlowtoxicproblematicwasteincludingleadacidbatteries,gasbottles,paint,fluorescenttubesandsmokedetectors.

34. CouncilenterintonegotiationswithSEROC/SERRGandDHLinrelationtoprovidingapermanente-waste(computer,peripheralsandtelevisions)collectionpointattheWAMI.

35. CouncilsupportSEROC/SERRGtocoordinatearegionaltenderforthecollectionandprocessingofmattresses.

36. CouncilprovideexpandedfacilitiesattheWAMIforthecollectionandstorageofmobilephones,tonercartridges,scrapmetal,usedchemicals,unwantedbutreusablehouseholditems,clothingandtextiles.

37. ThataspartoftherefurbishmentoftheexistingWAMIand/orconstructionofanewfacilityaweighbridgebeinstalledforaccuratemonitoringofwasteflows.


38. AspartofthereconfigurationoftheexistingWAMIthatdueconsiderationbegiventofindinganalternatelocationfortheoperationoftheMen’sSheduntilsuchtimesasaMasterPlanandnewsitearedevelopedwhenco-locationcouldbecomplementaryiftheMen’sShedwasinvolvedintherepairandmaintenanceofthedonatedunwantedhouseholdgoods.

39. ThataDrumMustercompoundbeestablishedforusedplasticagriculturalcontainersthathavebeentriplerinsedandfreefromliquidresidual.

40. CouncilinconjunctionwithLGA,SEROCandSERRGlobbytheFederalGovernmenttoextendtheEPRprogramtoalle-waste,mattresses,gasbottles,fireextinguishers,paint,batteriesandsmokedetectors.

41. Councilsupportandpromotetheintroductionofaregionalmattress-recyclingprogram.

42. ConductafeasibilitystudyintothevariousoperatingmodelsinotherlocationstoassistindeterminingthepreferredstructuretosuitCouncil’sriskprofileinrelationtothefutureoperationofareuseshop.

43. EngagewithlocalcharitiesandundertakeanexpressionofinterestwiththelocalcommunitytodeterminethelevelofinterestinoperationofareuseshopataCouncil-providedfacility as social enterprise.

44. Forthelongerterm,CouncilneedstodevelopaMasterPlanforanintegratedlargersitethatcanaccommodateallrecycling/reuseactivitiesinthesamelocation.ItmayalsoincorporatetheproposedSustainabilityHubandMen’sShed.


Bulky waste

45. Maintainthetwiceperannumbulkywasteserviceforsinglehouseholdsintheurbanareaswithadditionalservicesonafeeforservicebasis.

46. Maintaintheserviceinmedium-densityareasoftwocollectionsperyearinMarchandSeptember.

47. Maintainthecurrentserviceleveltoruralcommunityoftwoscheduled services per year.

48. Councilpromotetrash-and-treasuredaysor‘second-handSaturday/Sunday’toencouragereuse,withtheclean-upservicebookedimmediatelyfollowingtheactivityonrequest.

49. Continuetoreviewopportunitiestomaximisediversionofhardwastefromlandfill.

Bio-solids

50. ThatCouncilseekexpressionofinterest(EOI)frominterestedpartiestoreceiveandprocessfromtheQueanbeyanCouncilSewerageTreatmentPlant:

• 4,000tonnesstockpileofbio-solids;and

• 850tonnesperannumofbio-solids.

51. ThattheinformationgainedfromtheaboveEOIbeusedtoinformabusinessplanfortheon-goinggoingmanagementofbio-solidsaspartofthefuturemanagementoforganics.


Litter management

52. CouncilcontinuetosupportandpromotelitterreductioninitiativessuchasCleanupAustraliaDayandDon’tbeaTossercampaign.

53. CouncilinconjunctionwiththeLGA,SEROCandSERRGlobbyforthebanningofplasticshoppingbagsinfavourofreusablebagsandthatallsupermarketsonlyusecoinoperatedtrolleystoreducecommunitymisuseanddumping.

54. ThatCouncilencouragetheproprietorsofWanniassaStreetfastfoodoutletstoinstitutemoreintensivelittercampaignsinthe wider vicinity of their own outlets.

Container Deposit Scheme (CDS)

55. CouncilinconjunctionwithLGA,SEROCandSERRGshouldmonitordevelopmentsinrelationtotheimplementationofanationalContainerDepositScheme.


Illegal dumping

56. CouncilcontacttheACTGovernment,neighbouringcouncilsandappropriateauthoritiestoascertainthelevelofinterestinworkingcooperativelyasadedicatedgroupofofficersintacklingillegaldumpingandpursuingoffenders.

57. Councilshouldmaintainadatabaseandmapofillegaldumpingincidentstoinformappropriateinterventionsformanagingandreducingitandtoidentifyincidencesofrepeatillegaldumpingactivity.

58. CouncilshouldseekfundingfromtheWaste Less Recycle Morefundingpackageforawastecomplianceofficer.

59. Installmotionactivatedcamerasintarget‘hotspots’inanefforttoreduceactivity.

60. Encouragemoredialoguebetweenrealestateagents/environmentalhealthofficersandrangersinthequesttobetterunderstandandrespond to incidents.

61. Providerealestateagentsandstratamanagerswithinformationpacksfornewtenanciesandhome-ownerssotheyareawareoftheservicesandpenaltiesfornon-complianceinparticularillegaldumping.

62. UndertakeamediacampaigntoraiseawarenessoftheissueofdumpingandthepenaltiesandenforcementactivitiesofCouncilrangers.

DUMPING IS ILLEGAL! even on your nature strip.


Illegally dumped items are subject to fines of up to $1,500. Please contact Queanbeyan City Council’s Sustainability and Better Living on 6285 6246 for information on the legal disposal of waste.


Away from home recycling

63. Expandtherecyclingstationstoincludemoreshoppingprecincts,poolandsportsfieldsandparks.

64. Offerrecyclingopportunitiesatmajorsportingeventsandactivities.

65. Applywaste-wiseeventmanagementtoalleventsorganisedat Council venues.

66. Councilconsiderthepurchaseofspecificbins,hoodsandsignagetoclearlydifferentiatewhatproductsgowhereforuseateventsandsportingfunctions.


from green waste good things grow

organics recyclingEducation

67. Employafull-timewasteeducationofficerorprojectofficertoassistwithcommunityeducation.

68. ContinuetoengageKeepAustraliaBeautiful(KAB)todelivertheannualschooleducationprogramtoallpublicandprivateschools within the council area.

69. Markettestallgraphicsandeducationalmaterialtogaugecommunityunderstandingpriortorelease.

70. Continuetoprovideeducationinarangeofmediumsforallagesanddemographics.

71. Developbinstickersforplacementoneithertheoutsideofallbinlidsorfrontofbin.

72. Develop,promoteandimplementtrainingopportunitiesinorganicsmanagementincludinglowwastegardening,compostingandwormfarming.

73. Providesubsidisedwormfarmsandcompostbinsforthosehouseholdswhoparticipateintheabovetrainingandseekingtomanageorganicsonsite.

74. Offerthebroadercommunitywormfarmsandcompostbinsat cost.

75. PromotetheStateGovernment‘LoveFoodHateWaste’programandwebsite.

76. Promotebusinessesandsolutionsforpeoplewishingtodonateorrecycleitems.

77. Whenthenewcollectioncontractsarepreparedin2014,thesuccessfultenderershouldberequiredtoprovideafixedannualfeetowardseducationtosupportarangeofinitiativesthataidincommunityeducationandunderstandingoftheentirewasteservice.


Commercial and Industrial

78. Councilshouldconductawasteauditofcommercialbinstodetermineweightandcompositionandsubjecttothefindings,undertakeareviewoffeesandchargesifbinsarefoundtobesubstantiallyheavierthanresidentialbinstopreventcrosssubsidisation.

79. Exploreopportunitiestoforgegreaterlinkswiththebusinesscommunity.

80. Promotewastecollectionservicestothebusinesscommunitybyofferingmultipleliftsof240Lbins.

81. Duringthenegotiationsforthenextcollectioncontract,seeksupportfromtenderersastohowtoprovidegreatersupporttothebusinesscommunity.

82. Counciltopromoterecyclingservicesofferedtothecommercialandindustrialsectorincludingthenewandemergingorganicscollectionservicesaswellastraditionalservicesforcardboardandglass.

83. CouncilshouldcontinuetopromoteandsupporttheACTSmartBusinessProgram,ascurrentlyrecognitionoftheprogramislow.

84. CouncilpromotetheBinTrimandSustainabilityAdvantageprogramstothebusinesscommunityasfreeorgovernment-assistedprograms.

85. SupportthetrainingofaCouncilstaffmemberintheBinTrimtoolandthenundertakeoutreachtothebusinesscommunityonwastemanagement.

Regional collaboration

86. Continuetoworkcollaborativelywithintheregionforthebenefitofthememberstogaineconomiesofscale,improvedoperationalefficienciesandimprovedresourcerecoveryoutcomes.

87. in partnership with sERRG & sERoC consider the opportunity ofestablishingaSustainabilityHubtoco-locatecomposting,recycling,resourcerecovery,reuse,repair,educationcentrewithdemonstrationgardensshowcasingrenewableenergyandwaterwiseplantswithon-siteorganicmanagementandencouragingnewsmallbusinessopportunities.


Asasocietyweneedtoconsiderwhatwebuy,howweuseitandwhenandwhatwedowhenwediscarditemswenolongerwantorneed.Councilcaninfluencethesedecisionsbyprovidinginformation,educationandwasteandrecyclingservicesthatareconvenient,easytouseandwellunderstoodbythecommunity.

QueanbeyanCityCounciladopteditsfirstwastemanagementstrategymorethan10yearsago,in1999.Asaresultofthatstrategy,anumberofsuccessfulinitiativeswereintroducedthatarenowthecornerstonesofthecurrentwasteprogram.Theseincludetheoptionalgarbagebinsize,introductionofafortnightlygardenwasteserviceandexpansionoftheWasteMinimisationCentre(WAMI).

Thereisanincreasingimperativetoplanforthefuturegiventheincreasingcostsassociatedwithoperationalissues,climatechange,diminishinglandfilllifeandthecurrentwastemanagementbudgetfor2013–2014(estimatedat$4.3million).Theprojectedexpansionof10,000dwellingsoverthenext25yearsandtheexpirationofCouncil’scurrentwastecollectioncontractsin2015resultintheneedforastrategicreviewofCouncil’swasteservices.

ThetimingofthereviewcoincidestheannouncementbytheNSWStateGovernmentofthemostsignificantfundingpackageeverofferedof$465millionoverthenextfiveyearsunderthebannerWaste Less Recycle More. Thisprogramcommencesin2013–2014andprovidesauniqueopportunityforCounciltoseekexternalfundstooffsetsomeoftheprogramsandactionsidentifiedinthisstrategy.

ThiswastestrategyprovidesCouncilanditscommunitywiththefuturedirectionforcontinuousimprovementinwastemanagementandresourcerecovery,includingeffortstoavoid,minimiseandbettermanagethegenerationofwasteforthenextdecade.Thisstrategyhasbeendevelopedtakingintoaccounttheviewsandopinionsexpressedbythecommunityinresponsetotheextensivecommunityconsultationandstakeholderengagementprograms.

Theactionsoutlinedinthestrategyarebasedondeliveringpoliticallyacceptable,sociallyresponsible,environmentallysustainable,andcommerciallyviableoutcomesforthenextdecadewhilemeetingthenewwaste-diversiontargetssetbytheNSWstategovernment.

Achievingthetargetssetoutbelowreliesonthecommitmentofallstakeholders,includingCouncil,residents,localbusinessesandvisitors.Thisstrategyseekstoachievethefollowingkerbsidediversiontargetsfromabaselineof41%in2013:

• 45%by2015throughgreatercaptureofrecyclables;

• 64%by2016followingtheintroductionofthefoodwasteprogram;and

• >70%by2023byprocessingthegeneralwastebinthroughanAdvancedWasteTreatmentfacility.

NB: This excludes material delivered to the Waste Minimisation Centre (WAMI)

1. Introduction



2.1 Socio-demographicsQueanbeyanisamajorregionalservicecentrewithapopulationofapproximately38,000[1]accommodatedin16,091dwellingswithin172km[2].

Thehousingstockwithinthecouncilcomprises67%separatehousesandover30%medium-density,with17%multi-unitdwellingdevelopmentsand15%duplexes,villasandtownhouses.Ruralhouseholdsrepresentapproximately3.4%ofallhouseholds.

TheQueanbeyanareaaccommodates69%families,ofwhich47%arecoupleswithchildren.Singlehouseholdsrepresent(27%)andpersonsovertheageof65yearsare10%.

Thepopulationisethnicallyhomogenouswithover90%ofthepopulationborninAustraliaandonlyspeakingEnglishathome.

The Queanbeyan Residential and Economic Strategy to 2031 hasidentifiedthepotentialreleaseofupto10,000newdwellingallotments,whichhasthepotentialtodoubleCouncil’scurrentserviceprovision.[3]

1 2011 Abs Census data2 nsW EPA Waste and Resource Recovery data survey3 QCCResidentialandEconomicStrategy2031AddendumReportDecember2008

2.2 Current waste services and programs Councilcurrentlyprovidesthefollowingwasteservices:

• Kerbsidedomesticgarbage,recyclingandgardenwastecollection;

• Bulkywastecollection;

• Commercialgarbageandrecyclingcollection;

• Littercollection;

• OperationofWasteMinimisationCentre(WAMI);and

• Educationforschoolsandthecommunity.

2.2.1 Bin configuration –Councilhasawell-establishedthree-binsystemforgarbage,recyclingandgardenwaste.Eighty-eightpercent(88%)ofthecommunitydownsizedtothe140Lgeneralwastebinfromthe240L.AllkerbsidecollectionsareundertakenbycontractwiththecurrentdomesticwastecollectioncontractduetoexpireinMarch2015.Thebinconfigurationofferedisoutlinedbelow:

Table 1 – Waste collection systems

Stream Garbage & recycling serviceFrequency Size Comments

Garbage Weekly 140l or 240l 88%use140LRecycling Fortnightly 240lGarden waste Fortnightly 240l

2. Current situation


2.2.2 Services –Table2outlinesthenumberandtypeofkerbsidewasteservicesprovidedtohouseholdsandbusinesses[4].

Table 2 – Type of number of services

Type of service Number of services Singleresidentialpremises 9,708Individualmulti-unitpremises 2,900Sharedmulti-unitpremises 2,800Commercialandindustrialpremises 1,000

Inadditiontothekerbsideservices,allresidentshaveaccessto:

• Twoannualbulkkerbsidecollections;

• Collectiondaysfore-wasteandHouseholdChemicalCleanoutDay;

• WasteMinimisationCentreforrecyclingofgreenwaste,paper/cardboard,co-mingledcontainers,batteries,usedengineoilsandfluorescentlights.

RuralresidentshaveaccesstoaruralrecyclingstationatFernleigh.Councilhasrecentlyofferedruralresidentsanoptionalgarbageand/orrecyclingserviceaspartofthedevelopmentofthisstrategy.

CouncilinstalledpublicplacerecyclingbinsinCrawfordStreetandattheSensoryGardensandundertakesarangeofwaste-relatedactivitiesincludingparticipatinginprogramsandcampaignssuchasNationalRecyclingWeek,Don’tBeaTosser,CleanUpAustraliaDay,MobileMuster,andPlanetArkprintercartridgecollections.

4 nsW EPA Waste and Resource Recovery data survey for 2012

in partnershipwiththeACTGovernment,CouncilsupportstheACTSmartBusinessProgramrecyclingprogram,whichassistsbusinessestoreviewandmodifypracticestoreducewaste.CounciljoinedtheprograminDecember2011tobearolemodelforotherbusinessesintheareawithafocusonimprovingrecyclingratesincludingtheseparationoforganicsandwontheinnovationsawardforimplementingaBio-Regenunitwhichconvertsfoodwasteintoabio-fertilisernowbeingtrialledonCouncilsportingfieldstoreducetheneedforcommercialfertilisers.

2.2.3 Operating budget –Overthelastdecadewastedisposalfeesalonehaveincreasedfrom$33/tin2001to$128/ttoday.WithdiminishinglandfillandincreasingoperationalcostsCouncil’swastebudgetexpenditurewillcontinuetoescalateovertime.Theannualoperatingbudgetforwastemanagementservicesisprojectedas$4.3millionfor2013–14.Allcostsforallwasteservicesarerecoveredthroughcouncilrates.Wastemanagementexpenditurerepresents15%ofCouncilratesincomeandisseparatelyitemisedonthecouncilratesnoticeasDomesticWasteManagementCharge(DWMC).

2.2.4 Charges –ThesearebasedonactualcostsanddonotallowCounciltoprofitfromorcross-subsidiseanyotheractivity.Reservefundsareallowedtoenableplanningandfundingfuturelargecapitalexpenditure.ThecurrentDWMCincludesthefollowing:

• Urban–bins,delivery,collection,education,customerservice,WAMI,clean-up,householdchemicalclean-up,e-wasteevents,generalwastecollectionpluslandfillcosts,recyclingcollectionplusprocessinggatefeeandgardenwastecollectionandprocessing.Feesfor2013–14aresetat140Lbin($276),240Lbin($367)perannum;and


• Rural–twoclean-ups,useofWAMI,ruralrecyclingstation,householdchemicalclean-up,e-wasteevents.Feesfor2013–14are$40perannum.Councilhasofferedanoptionalgarbageand/orrecyclingservicetobeavailablefromOctober2013atacostof$299forrecyclingandwaste240Lbinsand$151for240Lrecyclingbinonlyservice.

2.2.5 Waste disposal -AllmunicipalsolidwastegeneratedintheCouncilareaisdeliveredtotheMuggaLanelandfillownedbytheACTGovernmentandcurrentlyoperatedbyRemondis(formerlyThiessServices).CouncilhasaMemorandumofUnderstanding(MOU)inplacewiththeACTGovernmentinrelationtoutilisingACTlandfill.Thegatefeetodeliverwastefordisposaltolandfillin2013–14is$128.65/tonne(GSTinclusive),representinganincreaseof$19/tonneoverthepreviousyear.

2.2.5.1 Recycling processing –AllkerbsiderecyclingisdeliveredtotheHumeMaterialRecoveryFacility(MRF),alsooperatedbyRemondis,forprocessingalongwithrecyclingfromtheACT,SnowyRiver,PalerangandYasscouncils.Thegatepricefor2013–14is$41.54(GSTinclusive).

2.2.6 Garden waste processing –AllgardenwasteisdeliveredtotheCouncil-operatedWasteMinimisationCentre(WAMI)at5LornRoadwherethematerialisinspected,contaminationremovedandallgardenwastechipped.Thismaterialisthentransferredoffsiteforstockpiling.

2.3 Waste diversionCouncilisdiverting40%ofallwastegeneratedthroughthekerbsideserviceandanestimatedfurther10%throughtheuseofthefreedrop-offattheWAMI.Overall,Councilandthecommunityarecurrentlydivertingapproximately50%ofallwastegeneratedfromlandfill.

Duringthelastdecadetheamountofwastesenttolandfillhasstayedrelativelystatic(8,000tonnes)whiletheamountofmaterialthathasbeenseparatedforrecyclingandcompostinghasincreasedalongwithourtotalwasteoutputasshowninChart1below.

Chart 1 – Past and current waste disposal and resource recovery

Source – QCC State of the Environment Summary Report 2009–2012


Thecommunityisdivertingthefollowingmaterialsfromlandfill[5]:

Table 3 – Total tonnes recovered

Origin and Material TonnesKerbside–co-mingledrecyclables 3,782Kerbside–gardenwaste 1,883Bulkwaste–metalandgardenwaste 132WAMI–selfhauledrecycling 328WAMI–self-hauledgardenwaste 3,128total 9,226

CouncilendorsedtheNSWStateGovernment’stargetsnominatedintheReducing Waste: Implementation Strategy 2011–2015.ThetablehighlightsboththetargetsandCouncil’scurrentstatus.

Table 4 – State waste targets

Source Target – 2014 Current QCC performanceMsW 66% 40%Kerbsideonly,est.50%withWAMIC&i 63%

n/AC&d 76%

5 nsW EPA Waste and Resource Recovery data survey for 2012

2.4 System performance

2.4.1 Kerbside Performance standards -TheNSWEPAinAugust2012releasedthePreferredResourceRecoveryPracticesbyLocalCouncils–BestBinSystems.Thedocumentsetsoutrecommendedminimumservicestandards.ThetablebelowindicatesthatCouncilmetoneofthethreecriteriaforrecyclingandexceededbothindicatorsforgardenorganics.

Table 5 – Kerbside Performance standards compared to Queanbeyan

Measure Baseline target Interim target QCC performance Recycling

net yield/Hhld >4.0kgs >5.5kgs 4.9kgsRecovery rate - >75% 83%Contamination <5% <3.5% 20%

Garden organicsRecovery rate - >85% 97%Contamination - <1% 0.6%

2.4.2 Waste Composition Study –Akerbsidedomesticwasteauditwasconductedof240randomlyselectedtenementsinQueanbeyanover10consecutivedaysinApril2013.Itprovidesasnapshotofhowwellthecommunityareusingthecurrentwastesystems.


2.4.2.1 Overall waste generation –TheaverageQueanbeyanhouseholdproduces15.8kgofwasteperweekcomprising8.7kgofgeneralwaste,4.9kgrecyclingand2.2kgofgardenorganics.Foodwasterepresents42%ofthegeneralwastebinwhilerecyclablepaperandcontainersare13.5%andcouldbedivertedtoexistingservices.Recyclingstreamcontaminationwas20%,indicatinggreatereducationisneeded.

Chart 2 – Overall household waste generation

2.4.2.2 Recovery rates –showstheamountofanyspecificmaterialthatisseparatedforrecycling.Thechartshowsthatthecommunityhaveembracedgardenorganics,cardboard/paperandglassrecovery.Thereispotentialtorecovermoreplastics,metalsandliquidpaperboardofalloftheothermaterials.

Chart 3 – Recovery rates

85.8% 88.5%

52.1%

80.2%

62.2%

44.0%50.2%

96.9%

83.5%

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

0.33

1.950.84

1.94

0.07 2.16

3.62

3.84

0.99

0.05

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

General waste Recycling Organics

Kg /

Hho

ld /

wee

k

Other non-recyclable

Food

Garden organics

Recyclable containers

Recyclable paper

Total = 8.70 kg

Total = 4.88 kg

Total = 2.21 kg


2.4.2.3 Recycling stream contamination –Thisrangesfrom11–29%,withtheaverageoverthecollectioncycleof20%,indicatinggreatereducationisneeded.TheNSWGovernmentspecifyaservicestandardofnotgreaterthan3.5–5%.

Chart 4 – Contamination in recycling by day of collection

42% 39% 37% 40% 43% 40% 41%

35% 40%33%

49% 42%40% 42%

23% 20%29%

11% 15% 20% 17%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Contamination

Containers

Paper / cardboard

2.4.2.4 Diversion –Basedonthewasteaudit,thecurrentdiversionratefromkerbsideservicesis38.4%.Thepotentialadditionalmaximumdiversionpossible,basedon60%additionaldiversionoffoodandrecycling,is60%.Thisisshortofthecurrentstategovernmentwastediversiontargetof66%by2014.

Chart 5 – Diversion rates

38.4%

7.4%0.4%

13.8%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

All dwellings

Food waste (60% recovered)

Garden organics

Potentially recyclable

Diversion rate


ToinformthedevelopmentofthestrategyanextensivecommunityconsultationprogramwasconductedbetweenAprilandJune2013.Arangeofmethodswasusedtoengagewiththecommunityincludingprintandsocialmedia,communitysurveys,focusgroupsandstakeholderbriefingsandmeetings.Acommunitysurveywasdeliveredto22,604addressesattractingaresponserateof4,179surveys,whichrepresentsaresponserateof18.5%ofallsurveysdeliveredor28%oftotalhouseholds[6].Intotal,3,805urban,119ruraland199businesssurveyscontainingover4,000commentswerereceivedandanalysed.Council’swebsiterecorded411viewsofthebackgroundinformationand59personsattendedthefocusgroupsandstakeholdermeetings.Duetothelargenumberofresponsesanddemographicspread,thesurveyresultsprovidearobustindicationofratepayerviewsregardingcurrentandfuturewasteservices.

Councilalsosoughttomaximisecommunityinvolvementandinputintothedraftstrategybyseekingcommunityfeedback.Council’swebcontentmanagementsystemindicatesthattherewere119viewsofthedraftWasteandResourceRecoveryStrategywhenonpublicexhibition.Onlysubmissionsreceivedinwritingbyemailorletterwereconsidered.Intotal11submissionscontainingover60commentswerereceivedwithmostcommentsofahighquality,wellfoundedandconstructive.Intotal42personsattendedthefocusgroupsandstakeholdersmeetingstohearfirst-handtheproposedstrategyactionsandrecommendations

6 ABSAugust2011Cencus-14,111occupieddwellings

3. Community consultation

3.1 Community-consultation outcomes Theresultsofthecommunityconsultationprogramshavebeencompiledinseparatereports.Theresultsofthesurveysandfirstroundoffocusgroupsaresummarisedbelow.

3.1.1 Customer satisfaction –Theresultsoftheurbansurveyindicatethatthemajorityofresidents(88%)aresatisfiedtoverysatisfiedwiththeexistingwasteserviceswhileinruralareas,40%areverysatisfiedwiththecurrentservice.Themainareasofdissatisfactionareclean-ups,chemicalande-wastecollections.

3.1.2 Rural waste collection –Themajorityofthecommunityopposedoptionalgarbageand/orrecyclingserviceandtheresultswereidenticaltothoseforandagainstamandatedservice.Themajority(72%)useaprivatecontractorforwastebut15%ofhouseholdsdon’trecycle,whileotherstakewastetowork,usepubliclitterbins,WAMI,burnorbury.

3.1.3 Bin capacity –Asignificantnumberofhouseholdsarehavingcapacityissueswiththecurrentbinwhere56%ofrecyclingbins,35%ofgeneralwastebinsand44%ofgardenwastebinsarefulltooverflowing.Approximately70%requestedaweeklyrecyclingserviceduetocapacityissues.Athirdofhouseholds(31%)indicatedthatthe140Lgeneralwastewaslessthan50%fullattimeofcollectionand26%indicatedthattheywoulddownsizetoan80Lbinsubjecttothecostsaving.


3.1.4 Food waste –Halfofthesurveyrespondents(50%)indicatedthattheysupportafoodwasteservicebeingintroducedwiththecurrentgardenwasteservice.Ninety-eightpercent(98%)ofattendeesatthefocusgroupssupportedtheconceptafterseeingademonstrationofkitchencaddiesandbio-bagsthatwouldbesuppliedtosupporttheinitiative.Explanationsregardingtherangeofmaterialsthatwouldbeacceptedinthecollectionieallfoodwasteanddetailsoftheoperationofacommercialcompostingoperationincludingadequateodourmanagementwereoutlined.

3.1.5 Bulky waste –60%oftheurbanrespondentsusetheserviceonceperyear.Optionsexploredatthefocusgroupsincludeda‘payasyougo’option,soonlythosethatusetheservicepayfortheservice.Otherconsiderationsincludedpromotingsecond-handSaturday/Sunday,withaclean-upcollectionarrangedforthefollowingweektoremoveanyunwantedandunsoldortakenitems.Inruralareas,theservicewasusedby56%ofrespondentswiththemajority(75%)usingittwiceperannum.

3.1.6 Illegal dumping –Therealissueisinmedium-densityareaswithahighproportionofunitswithtransienttenantsleavingwastebehindandonlytwoscheduledcollectionservicesperyear.

3.1.7 WAMI -Thecommunitywouldliketodeliverpaint,out-of-datechemicals,e-waste,furniture,whitegoods,tyresandmattresses.TheneedforareuseshedwithlinkstoasocialenterprisegrouportheMen’sShedwasstronglysupported.Anoverwhelmingmajority(98%)supportedtheconceptofanexpandedfacilityofferinggreaterrecycling,reuseandresourcerecoveryopportunities.

3.1.8 E-waste collection –Apermanente-wastecollectionlocationwaspreferredby96%offocusgroupattendeesoveraneventthatmembersindicatedthatcouldmissiftheywereawayorunawareofthedate.

3.1.9 ACTSmart Business Program –Thebusinesssurveyrespondentsindicatedthatonly16%wereawareofthisprogram,indicatinggreaterpromotionisrequired.

3.2 Issues for considerationBasedonthefindingsofthecommunityconsultationprogram,itisrecommendedthatthewastestrategyconsiders(asaminimum)thefollowingissues:

3.2.1 Food waste

1. Promoteavoidanceoffoodwastebycommunityoutreachinadditiontopassive“LoveFoodHateWaste”initiativebytheNSWGovernment.

2. Conductatrialtoascertainthetake-uprate,contaminationratesandissuesassociatedwithfood/greenwastecollectionand services.

3. Introduceasource-separatedfoodwastecollectionserviceaspartofthe240Lgardenwastecollectionserviceforallhouseholds.

4. Provideeachhouseholderwithakitchencaddyandasupplyofbio-bags.

5. OpportunitiesforfundingbytheWaste Less Recycle Moreprogramofthefoodwasteprograminitiativeshouldbeconsideredlocallyandregionally.

6. Conductadomesticwasteauditafterfoodwasteintroducedtoquantifycarbonimpactandperformance.


3.2.2 Organics waste management

7. Improveknowledgeofcompostingandwormfarmingbyholdingtrainingprograms.

8. Offersubsidisedwormfarmsandcompostbinstothosewhocompletetraining.

9. Offerwormfarmsndcompostbinsatcosttothecommunity.

3.2.3 Bin capacity

10. Whereadditionalbincapacityisrequired,provideasanoptiona360Lrecyclingbinatminimaladditionalcharge.

11. Whereadditionalgardenwastecapacityisrequired,provideadditional240Lbins.

12. Inpreparingforthenextwastecollectioncontract,Councilspecifythatthecollectionfleetmustbecapableofcollectingbinsrangingfrom80–240Lcapacityforgeneralwasteandfrom240–360Lforrecycling.

13. Basedonthecontractor’sabilitytocollectan80Lbin,Councilofferthecommunityan80Lgeneralwastebinoptionforlowwastegeneratorsforareducedwastecharge.

14. Theexistinggardenwastebinat240Lshouldremaintheonlysizeoptionduetopotentialweightissueswithbinusage.

15. Shouldthewastecontractorbeabletocollectbinsassmallas80L,thenresidentsbeofferedtheopportunitytodownsizetheirgarbagebin.

3.2.4 WAMI

16. ImprovedpublicityofWAMIlocation,servicesandcost.

17. InvestigateeitherreconfigurationoftheexistingWAMIoranewlocationtoofferanexpandeddrop-offareafore-waste,mattresses,paint,chemicals,clothing/textiles,andunwantedbutre-usablehouseholditemsandfurniture.

18. Intheshortterm,establishapermanente-wastecollectionlocationattheWAMIusingashippingcontainerinwhichtostoreandtransportcollectedcomputersandtelevisions.

19. InvestigatebyexpressionofinteresttheestablishmentofatiporRevolve-typeshopattheneworreconfiguredrecycling/reuse/resourcerecoveryfacilityforreusablegoodsorsuchgoodsbeprovidedtoanexistingornewbusinessorsocialenterprisewithstrongsocialethic.

20. Itwouldbedesirablethatthenewrecycling/reuse/resourcerecoveryfacilitysitebesuitableforthedisposal,processingandsaleofgardenwastetopreventdoublehandling.

3.2.5 Bulky waste

21. Continuetwiceyearlycollectionsforurbanandruralareasandoptionforpaymentforextracollections.

22. Monitorandmeasureillegaldumpinginurbanarea.Maintainthefrequencyofthebulkywasteserviceinareasofmediumdensitytotwoperannum.

23. Councilpromotetrashandtreasuredayorsecond-handSaturday/Sundayasatrialpriortofullimplementation.


3.2.6 Illegal Dumping

24. ThatconsiderationisgiventoaRIDSquad,whereateamofcouncilrangersworksexclusivelytopursueillegaldumping.Thesquadcouldworkeitherasacouncilgroup,sub-regionalgroupinassociationwithACT(giventheproximityofboundaries),orasaregionalgroup.

25. Setupmotionactivatedcamerasintargethotspots.

26. Carryoutactiveengagement.

27. Encouragemoredialoguebetweenrealestateagents/healthinspectorsandrangersinthequesttobetterunderstandandrespond to incidents.

28. Providerealestateagentsandstratamanagerswithinformationpacksfornewresidents,highlightingpenaltiesforillegaldumping.

29. Agentsbeencouragedtoadvisestratamanagerswhentenantsarevacatinginanefforttoreduceandmanageindiscriminatefootpathdumping.

3.2.7 Business recycling

30. ContinuepromotionoftheACTSmartBusinessProgramgiventhereislittleawarenessoftheprogram.

31. Councilneedstoconductawasteauditofcommercialpremiseswastebinstodetermineweightandcompositionandsubjecttooutcomereviewfeesandchargestoensurethecommunityarenotsubsidisingbusinesswastegeneration.

32. Exploregreaterlinkstobusinesscommunity.

3.2.8 Away from home recycling

33. Expandtherecyclingbinstoincludemoreshoppingprecincts,poolandsportsfieldsandparks.

34. Offerrecyclingopportunitiesatmajorsportingeventsandactivities.

35. Councilconsiderthepurchaseofspecificbinsandhoodstoclearlydifferentiatewhatproductsgowhereforuseateventsandsportingfunctions.

3.2.9 Education

36. ContinuetoengageKABtodelivertheannualwaste-wiseschooleducationprogramtoallpublicandprivateschoolswithinQueanbeyan.

37. Councilneedstodeveloparangeofmaterialswithconsistentmessagesinregardstothetypesofbins,systems,costsandhowtousethemcorrectlyforallwasteservices.

38. Provideeducationinarangeofmediumsandprogramsforschoolandcommunityoutreachincludingcalendar,whatgoeswhere,fridgemagnets,etc.


40. Markettestallgraphicsandeducationalmaterialtogaugecommunityunderstanding.



42. Promoteandincludeonthewebsiteeasy-to-findbusinessesorsolutionsforpeoplewishingtodonateorrecycleitems.

43. Councilcontinuetopromotefreecycle.organdGumtreewebsites.

44. Identifyandpromotelocalchampions.

3.2.10 Development

45. Developmentcontrolplansforgarbagestorageareasinalldevelopmentstoensuresufficientbinspaceprovidedforrecyclingandwasteandfutureorganics,aswellaseaseofaccessforcontractorstoaccessthebins.

3.2.11 Sustainability Hub

46. BusinessPlanisdevelopedincorporatingrecycling,composting,reuse,repair,educationcentre,demonstrationgardensshowcasingrenewableenergyandwaterwiseprogramswithpartnershipsofferedbyResourceRecoveryAustralia,ZeroWasteAustralia,VillageBuildingCompany,MissionAustralia,Revolve.


4. Principles

Differentcommunitieshavedifferentmotivatorsandissues,andthereforerequiredifferentwastesolutions.However,themainover-archingprinciplesbehindanywastestrategyshouldbethePrinciplesofEcologicallySustainableDevelopment(ESD)andthewastehierarchy,whichareoutlinedbelow.

4.1 Ecologically Sustainable Development (ESD) ThePrinciplesofESDhavebeenencompassedinamultitudeofAustralianstateandfederalenvironmentallawsandprovideguidanceonthemanagementofwasteandthefacilitieswhichrecover,treatorcontainit.ThePrinciplesofESDare:

1. ThePrecautionaryPrinciple;

2. IntergenerationalEquity;

3. ConservationofBiologicalDiversityandEcologicalIntegrity;and

4. Polluter Pays Principle.

Thesefourprinciplesaimtogovernthemanagementofwastebyensuringthat:

• Wastemanagementdoesnotcausenegativeorunintendedconsequencestothewiderenvironment;

• Doesnotaffectbiodiversityandecologicalintegrity;

• Itistheburdenofthecurrentgenerationandnotshiftedontothefuture;and

• Thatthegeneratorofthewastebearsthefullcostofthetreatmentandmanagement,bothnowandinthefuture.

4.2 Waste HierarchyThisinternationally-recognisedguideforprioritisingwaste-managementpracticessetsoutthemost-to-leastpreferredmethodsforwastemanagementglobally,andiscommonlyillustratedasaninvertedtriangle.Thewastehierarchyhas evolved over the past four decades and now includes seven steps as alternativestolandfill.

Chart 6 – The waste hierarchy


ThefollowingkeypolicydriverssetthesceneforwastemanagementinAustraliaandhavebeenconsideredbecausetheyprovideguidanceanddirectioninthedevelopmentofCouncil’sWaste and Resource Recovery Strategy.Asummaryoftherelevantlegislation,regulation,strategies,policiesandprogramsastheyimpactthisstrategyareoutlinedbelow,howeveranumberofthesearecurrentlydueforreview,underdevelopmentorrecentchangeshavealreadybeenannounced.Thelegislativeframeworkisconstantlyevolvingandrequiresconstantmonitoring.

5.1 National Policy Drivers

5.1.1 National Environment Protection Act 1994 –bindsall state and territoryjurisdictionstotheprinciplesofEcologicallySustainableDevelopment.

5.1.2 National Waste Policy 2009 Less Waste, More Resources –setsanationalwastemanagementframeworkfortheperiod2009–2020.

5.1.3 Product Stewardship Act and Product Stewardship (Televisions & Computers) Regulations 2011 –requiresmanufacturersofTVsandcomputerstoprovidefortheend-of-liferecyclingoftheseproducts,withtargetsof30%in2012–13,increasingto80%in2021–22.Itisconsideredthatpaintandbatterieswillbethenextproductstobecoveredbysuchanarrangement.

5. Policy context and drivers

5.1.4 The Australian Packaging Covenant –isavoluntaryco-regulatoryarrangementwhichrequiresmanufactures,importersorbrandownerstotakeresponsibilityforthepackagingtheyproducewithtargetsof70%recyclingofusedpackagingby2015.

5.1.5 Carbon Pricing Mechanism –aimstoreduceAustralia’scarbonemissionsprofileandrequiresalllandfillsabovethe25,000tonnesCO2e thresholdtoreport.Asthecarbonliabilitywillbegeneratedovera40-yeartimehorizon,gatefeesareincreasedatthetimeofdisposaltocoverforwardfinancialliabilities.Thecoalitiongovernment,electedinSeptember2013,haveindicatedthattheywillsignificantlymodifythepreviousgovernmentprogramsandintroduceadirectactionplan.Theimplicationsforthewastesectorareatthetimeofthisreportareuncertain.

5.1.6 Container Deposit Scheme (CDS) –thisapproachhasbeenproposedunder the National Waste Policy 2009. A decision on whether a federal Cds is introducedisexpectedafterthe2013federalelection.Thishasimplicationsforkerbsiderecyclingschemesasprocessingfeesmaychangeandnewdesignatedlocationsmaybeestablishedfordepositredemption.


5.2 State government policy drivers

5.2.1 Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Act, 2001 (WARR) –aimstoencouragetheefficientuseofresourcesandreduceenvironmentalharm,inaccordancewiththeprinciplesofESDandsetsframeworkforWARRStrategy.

5.2.2 WARR Strategy –containsfournon-mandatorytargetstobeachievedby2014.

1. Preventingandavoidingwaste:Toholdatcurrentlevelsthetotalwastegeneratedforthenextfiveyears.

2. Increasingrecoveryanduseofsecondaryresources:StatewastetargetsforMSW(66%),C&I(63%)andC&D(76%).

3. Reducingtoxicsubstancesinproductsandmaterials.

4. Reducinglitterandillegaldumping:Reducetotalvolumeandtonnagesoflitterreportedannuallyandreducethetotaltonnagesofillegallydumpedmaterial.

TheGovernmentisrevisingtheStrategywithnewwastediversiontargetslikelytobeMSW(70%),C&I(70%)andC&D(80%)withsixnewKPI’srelatingto:

• Increasedresourcerecovery;

• Increaseddiversionfromlandfill;

• Avoidingwaste;

• Reducingproblemwaste;

• Reducinglitter;and

• Reducingillegaldumping

5.2.3 Reducing Waste: Implementation Strategy 2011-2015 –aimtofocusactivitywherethegreatestpotentialforresourcerecoveryexists.Thekeyareasare:

• Makingiteasierforhouseholdstoseparateandrecovertheirwaste;

• Makingiteasierforbusinessestoseparateandrecovertheirwaste;

• Reducingorremovingproblemwastestoimproveresourcerecoveryandproduceenvironmentallysaferecyclablematerials;and

• Facilitatinginvestmentinwasteinfrastructure.

5.2.4 NSW 2021 –ThisistheNSWGovernment’sstrategic10-yearbusinessplan,with32goalsandspecifictargetsforincreasingrecycling,reducinglitterandillegaldumping.Thesetargetsareoutlinedbelow:

• Reducetheincidenceoflarge-scale(greaterthan200m3 of waste)illegaldumpingdetectedinSydney,theIllawarra,HunterandCentralCoastby30%by2016;

• Increaserecyclingtomeetthe2014NSWwasterecyclingtargets;and

• By2016,NSWwillhavethelowestlittercountpercapitain Australia.

5.2.5 EPA’s Strategic Plan 2013–2016 –nominatesastatewastediversionfromlandfilltargetof75%by2021–22.


5.2.6 NSW Waste and Environment Levy –Theaimofthelevyistoimposeacostofpollutionanddriverecyclingorreusing.ThelevyappliestocertainareasoftheState.Thegovernmentareconsideringextendingthelevytoalllandfillsthatreceivemorethan5,000tonnesofwasteperyear,regardlessoflocation.ThefutureofleviesinruralNSWisunclearatthistime.ThegovernmenthasannouncedaproposalinJune2013asreformstotheProtectionoftheEnvironmentOperationsActtoextendthelevytoallcompostandrecyclingfacilitieswithinthelevyareasubjecttothresholdsrequiringweighbridgestobeinstalled.

5.2.7 Waste Less, Recycle More – afundingpackage of $465.7millionoverfiveyearscommencing2013–14toassistmeetingtherecyclingtargets,stimulatesinvestmentininfrastructureandcombatillegaldumpingandlittering.Oftheavailablefunds,48%willgotocouncils,38%willbecontestablegrantsavailabletocouncils,industryandnon-governmentorganisations(NGOs).ThegrantswillbeadministeredbytheNSWEnvironmentalTrust.

5.2.8 Protection of the Environment and Operations Act 1997 (POEO Act) – TheActprovidesthepowersthatcouncilrangersandenforcementofficersusetopenaliseandprosecuteoffendersforlitteringandillegaldumping.

5.2.9 The Protection of the Environment Operations (POEO) Amendment (Illegal Waste Disposal) Bill – recentlypassedthisBillincludesstrongerpenaltiesforoffenderswhocommitawasteoffence,supplyfalseormisleadinginformationaboutwaste,allowsEPAtoseizeamotorvehicleusedinrepeatwasteoffencesandcourtscantakeintoaccountprofitfromtheoffence.Everylicensedwastefacility(including134MRF’s,transferstations,recyclingcentres,compostandAWTplants).withinthelandfilllevyareawillnowpaythelandfilllevy.Thesefacilitieswillneedtoinstallaweighbridgeanddatamanagementsystemandmayneedtorenegotiatecontracts.Grantsofupto50%oftheweighbridgecost(cappedto$50,000)willbeofferedtoassistinthetransition.

5.3 Regional policy drivers

5.3.1 The ACT Government –Waste Strategy 2011–2025 sets ambitioustargets:

1. ThegrowthinACTwastegenerationremainslessthantherateofpopulationgrowth;

2. Thattherateofresourcerecoveryincreasesto:

• 80%by2015;

• 85%by2020;and

• 90%by2025.

3. Energygenerationfromwastedoublesby2020;

4. ACTleadsAustraliainlowlitterlevelsandincidentsofillegaldumping;

5. ACT’snaturalresourcesareprotectedandwherefeasibleenhancedthroughwastemanagement.

TheexistinglandfilllifeatMuggaLaneisexpected,basedoncurrenttrends,toexpirein2035or2080ifthestrategytargetsaremet.TheACTisseekingprivatesectorinvestmentin:

• DrycommercialwasteMRF–100,000tonnecapacityfacility;

• Wet‘dirty’MRF–forresidualwetwaste;

• EnergyfromWaste(EfW)facility–EOIclosedApril2013.


5.3.2 South East Regional Organisation of Councils (SEROC) –Regional Waste Management Strategy 2012–2032comprisesthefuturedirectionof12councilscomprisingtheSouthEastResourceRecoveryGroup(SERRG),withintheregioncoveredbySEROC.Thevisionis:‘A waste-free south east community where sustainability is second nature’. Thestrategy forecasts that waste will increaseby50kgperpersonperyear[7].Thestrategyhasdetailedfour-yearoutcomesandeachkeyactionisprovidedwithapurpose,objectiveandKPItoenableregularandon-goingmeasuringandmonitoring.

5.4 Local policy drivers

5.4.1 Community Vision –Initiallydevelopedin2006andreviewed2011–12.SixStrategicPriorities.

5.4.2 Community Strategic Plan –Council’sdraftIntegratedPlansfor2013–23includethefollowingkeystrategicdirectionundersection6.2oftheStrategicPriority6–TheEnvironment:

• Continuetodevelophighqualitywastemanagementpracticesthatincludesrecycling,organics,avoidingwaste,reuseetc.

7 StrategicEconomySolution,June2012

•

5.4.3 Queanbeyan City Council Residential and Economic Strategy 2031 –Identifiestheneedsfor10,000dwellingsand100haofemploymentlandsoverthe next 25 years.

5.4.4 Sustainability Policy in 2011 –ThispolicydemonstratesCouncil’scommitmenttheprinciplesofESD.ASustainabilityActionPlanhasbeendeveloped.

5.4.5 Community Climate Change Action Plan –Counciladoptedthisplanin2012toguideandaddressclimatechange.Thereareafewactionsonwaste.

5.4.6 Council Climate Change Action Plan 2013-2017 –ThisplanwasrecentlyadoptedbyCouncilwithatargettoreducetotalCouncilgreenhousegasemissionsfromthe2009/2010baselineby25%by2020.Wastefromresidentialpremisesgenerates48%ofallemissions.Nineactionsareidentifiedincludingspecifyinginthenextwastecollectioncontracttheneedtousefuelefficientvehicles.


6. Waste collection and processing options

Currently,CouncilfallsshortoftheStateGovernmenttargets.Identificationofalltheoptionsandpredictionsofthelikelyimpactsofeachoptionareneededinordertomakeinformeddecisions.Itisimperativetodeterminehoweachwastestreamwillbemanagedasthecollectionsystemandprocessingoptionmustseamlesslyfittogether.Inaddition,thecommunitymustunderstandtheintentanddesiredactionandoutcomessought.

APCundertookmodellingtodeterminepotentialandlikelydiversionratesfromthecurrentdomestickerbsidewastestreambasedonvariousoptions.ThedatausedcamefromthekerbsidewasteauditfromApril2013andtheCouncilEPAsurvey data.

AuditsofcouncilsacrossAustraliausingsource-separatedrecyclingandorganicscollectionsshowthatnosystemwillcapture100%ofthematerialsavailable.PenrithCityCouncil’scombinedfoodandgardenorganicsserviceisachievinga50%diversionrateofallavailablefoodinthedomesticwastebin.Thetablebelowshowstheassumptionsusedinrelationtoeachmodelledoption.

Table 6 – Assumptions used in model

Domestic resource-recovery system Likely recovery rate ^Increasedrecyclablescapture 50%Combinedfood&gardenorganics 60%Combinedfood,gardenanddisposablepaper 60%MechanicalBiologicalTreatment 80%Thermaltreatment 95%

^ Likely recovery rates – adjusted to account for the likely participation rates based on APC’s waste-auditing experience.

Options modelled include:

Option 1 –concertedefforttoincreaserecyclingthroughincreasededucation,contaminationinterventionandhouseholdsnominatingforlargerrecyclingbinstoincreasecapacity.Thisshouldliftdiversionfrom41%to45%,basedona50%captureofavailablematerials.

Option 2 –asoption1aboveplusasource-separatedfoodwasterecoveryprogramwithacaddyandbio-bagsusingtheexistinggardenwastebin.Thiswouldliftrecoveryfrom45%to60%,basedon60%foodwasterecovery.

Option 3 –asforoption2plusincludingnon-recyclablepaper(disposableandcontaminatedpaperproductslikehandtowels,tissues,soiledpaper,napkins,paperfoodbagsandpapernotsuitableforrecycling).Thiswouldliftdiversionafurther4%to64%,basedon60%paperrecovery.

Option 4 –asoption1butinlieuofextendingthefoodwasteprogramdiverttheexistingresidualbintoanAWTprocesssuchasMBTwheretherecyclableandorganicswouldberecoveredandthesoilconditioneroutputisusedonminerehabilitation.Thisapproachwouldliftdiversiontoanexpected69%,basedon80%recovery.Thisoptionisnotcurrentlyavailablebutisexpectedtobefrom2017onwards.

Option 5 –asoption1butinlieuofextendingthefoodwasteprogramdiverttheexistingresidualbintoanEnergyfromWastethermalprocess.AWTprocessessuchasMBTwheretherecyclableandorganicswouldberecoveredandthesoilconditioneroutputisusedonminerehabilitation.Thisapproachwouldliftdiversiontoanexpected90%,basedon90%recovery.Thisoptionisnotcurrentlyavailablebutmaybeduringthelifeofthisstrategy,subjecttoACTGovernment’sprograms.


Thepotentialdiversionratesthatcanbeachievedbasedonvariouscollectionandprocessingoptionsareshowninthechartbelow,wherethelikelydiversionrateiscombinedwiththeexistingdiversionrateof41%foreachsystem.The41%includesallmaterialsdivertedthroughthekerbsiderecyclingandgardenwastebinsbutexcludesmaterialsdeliveredtotheWAMIandloadsdelivereddirectlytoMuggaLanelandfill.Councilstatesthatanadditionaldiversionof10%isachievedbythedeliveriestotheWAMI,howeverthereisalackofreliableweight-baseddataasnoweighbridgeisprovided at the site.

Thetotalanticipateddiversionratesbyoptionisshowngraphicallybelowforthekerbsidesystemandthatonlyoption4or5willexceedthatstatewastediversiontargets.However,iftheindicativeWAMIdataisadded,implementingoption2and3shouldmeetorexceedthecurrentandproposednewstatewastetarget.

Chart 7 – Potential diversion rates (excluding WAMI data)

41% 41% 41% 41% 41% 41%

4% 4% 4% 4% 4%

15% 19% 24%45%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Currentrecovery

Increaserecycling

Food &Garden

Organics

Food,Garden &

DisposablePaper

Mixed wasteMBT

Thermal

Mixed Waste

Organics recovery

Increased recycling

Current recovery

45%

60%

69%

90%

64%


7.1 Recycling Asapriority,Councilneedsto:

1. Decreasetheextremelyhighlevelsofcontamination,whichaverage20%butrangefrom11–29%;and

2. Improverecoveryrates,ascurrently13.5%ofthegeneralwastebincontainsrecyclables.Bytargetinghalfofthismaterial,afurther4%diversioncouldbeachieved.

Thereappearstobebincapacityissues,as56%ofthecommunityindicatedtheirrecyclingbinsarefulltooverflowingand70%requestedaweeklyrecyclingservice.Toassistthosehouseholdsthatneedadditionalcapacityanoptionistoprovidealarger360Lrecyclingbin,whichcanbecollectedusingthesamecollectionvehicleandcouldbeprovidedatminimaladditionalchargetoencouragegreatersourcebythecommunity.

Councilneedstodevelopand/orimplementaContaminationManagementPolicythatprovidescleardirectionsontheactionscouncilofficersanditscontractorcantakeinrespecttohouseholderswhocontaminaterecyclablesonaregularorirregularbasis.Aspartofthisprogram,Counciland/orthecontractorshouldengageabinauditortopersonallyinspecteveryrecyclingbinpriortocollectiononmultipleoccasionsinanefforttoidentifyandenabletargetedcommunicationswiththeoffendinghouseholds.

Toachievethesegoalsrequiresaconcertedefforttoraiseawarenessthroughacomprehensiveeducationandcontaminationprogram.Councilcouldofferarewardsprogrambyrandomlyselectinghouseholdsthathavezerocontaminationintheirbins.Thissendsapositivemessagetocomplementthebincontaminationpolicy.

Recomendations

1. Improve recycling recovery through increased awareness/education programs.

2. Develop and/or implement a recycling bin contamination policy.

3. Where habitual offenders continually contaminate recycling, revoke the recycling service.

4. Council, in conjunction with the contractor, engage a bin auditor to routinely inspect every recycling bin prior to collection on multiple occasions to identify and allow targeted communication to offending households.

5. Where additional recycling bin capacity is required Council provide as an option a 360L recycling bin at minimal additional charge.

6. In preparing for the next waste collection contract, specify that the collection fleet must be capable of collecting bins ranging 240–360L for recycling.

7. Future services and facilities


7.2 Recycling processingCouncilcurrentlycontractswithACTNOWastetodeliverallkerbsidecollectedandcontainersdeliveredtotheWAMIandtotheHumeMaterialRecoveringFacility(MRF)operatedbyRemondis.Councilshouldcontinuetosupportthisarrangement,whichhasbeenworkingwellforthepast18yearsandpresentsarisk-freeapproach.

Recomendation

7. Maintain the current contractual arrangements with ACT NOWaste and Remondis in relation to acceptance and processing of all recyclables generated by Council.

7.3 Garden wasteThecommunityhaveembracedthegardenorganicservicewithlessthan1%gardenwastefoundinthegeneralwastebinandlessthan1%contaminationinthegardenwastebin.Theseareallexcellentindicatorsofanengagedcommunitywhounderstandsthecurrentprogram.

Thereappearstobebincapacityissues,as44%ofthecommunityindicatedtheirgardenwastebinsarefulltooverflowing.Additionalgardenwastecapacityshouldbeprovidedwherearegularneedisdemonstratedonacost-recovery approach.

Recomendations

8. The existing 240L garden waste bin should remain the only size option due to potential weight issues with bin usage.

9. Where additional garden bin capacity is required, Council provide additional 240L bin on a cost-recovery basis.

7.4 Garden waste processingThereareanumberoffactorsCouncilneedstoconsiderassessingprocessingoptions,including(butnotlimitedto)capitalinvestment,operatingcosts,typeandquantityoffeedstock,sitelocationandsize,regulatoryrequirementsandendmarkets.

Itissuggestedthatacomprehensivebusinessplanbeundertakenbyanindependentthirdpartytoconsiderthefullrangeofoptions,includingcost–benefitanalysisandriskprofileinrelationtooptionsforcollection,transportoftheself-hauledloadsandtheprocessingandmarketingofthefinishedproduct,fromboththeself-hauledandexistinggardenwastecollection.

Thefollowingaspectsneedtobeconsideredwhenassessingandcomparingdifferentprocessingtechnologiesandserviceproviders:

• Investmentcosts($/tonnethroughput);

• Operatingcosts($/tonnethroughput);

• Operationalexperience;

• Optionsforprocessmanagement;

• Optionsforachievingdesiredproductquality;

• Riskofemittingodourandreleasingleachate;

• Abilitytoprocessdifferentfeedstock;

• Optionsforexpandingprocessingcapacity;

• Footprint(tonneannualthroughputpersquaremeter);and

• Energyandwateruse.


Abriefcomparisonbetweendifferentcompostingtechnologiesisprovidedinthetablebelow.

Table 7 – Processing options for garden waste

Technology Aeration Air purificationInvestment cost

Land area required

Vermi-composting

Passive No,butpossible

Lowtomedium Largetomedium

Windrowing Turning,passiveaeration no low VerylargeAeratedstaticpile

Positive/negativeforcedaeration

No,butpossible

Medium Medium

in-vessel composting

Agitation,mechanicalturning,forcedaeration

Yes,butexceptions

Large Mediumtosmall

Fully enclosed composting

Agitation,mechanicalturning,forcedaeration

yes Verylarge Mediumtosmall

Source: Food and Garden Organics Best Practice Collection Manual (2012) Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities.

Inaddition,sincetheabovestudywascommissioned,staticfermentationhasemergedasaviableandeconomicalcompostingprocess.IthasbeendemonstratedinanumberoflocalcouncilareasincludingArmidaleDumaresq,GoulburnMulwareeandUpperLachlanthroughtheCitytoSoilprogram.

Althoughinvestmentandoperatingcostsareusuallyamongthemostimportantfactorsindecidingfororagainstacertainprocessingtechnologyorsolution,thisinformationisrarelyavailableinthepublicdomain.Datasuggestthatcostsforcompostingrangebetween$25and$130pertonne(notethatprocessingcostmaybedifferenttogatefeecharged).Compostingofgardenorganicsaloneincurssignificantlylowercoststhanco-compostingofgardenorganicswithfoodorotherputresciblematerials.

Processingcostsandgatefeesforcompostingarecommerciallysensitive,andthereforenotpubliclydivulged.Councilshouldthereforeseektoundertakeanexpressionofinterest(EOI),ascostsforcompostingvarygreatly,dependingonthetypeofmaterialsprocessed,annualthroughput,thetypeoftechnologyemployed,andthekindofproductsgenerated.

Councilhasbeencollectingapproximately1,800tonnesofgardenwasteperannumforthepast13years.Thismaterialischippedandthecommunitybuyapproximately400tonnes,commerciallandscaperpurchases180tonnesandCounciluses150tonneswiththeremainderstockpiled.

AquantitysurveyorinspectedthestockpileinJune2013andestimatedthat ‘between 7,000 and 10,000m3 or between 2,800 and 3,500 tonnes of garden waste are stockpiled’.In2012partofthestockpilecaughtfirethroughspontaneouscombustion,akeyriskwithgardenwaste,andtheonlycommercialbuyerisreducinghispurchasesduetopoorquality.

Currently,Councildoesnotappeartohaveamanagementplanforthismaterialnorthetrainedstaff,equipmentandmarketingskillstogainareturnonit.

FundingisavailablethroughtheWaste Less Recycle More OrganicsInfrastructureFundof$43millionoverfouryearsfornewandrenovatedinfrastructureacrossNSWforgardenwastewithorwithoutfood.SpecificallytheSmallOrganicsInfrastructureFund willprovidecontestablegrantsforequipmentforreceipt,managementandprocessingoforganicsand/oronsiteorganicsprocessingequipment.


Fundingwillbebasedonincreasingorganicsdiversionand,giventhediversionisexistingandthelocationofthestockpileisonACTland,earlydiscussionswiththeNSWEPAhaveindicatedthatthefundingisunlikelytobeprovidedforanassettobelocatedandaprocesstooccurwithinanadjoiningjurisdiction.Basedonthisadvice,itisstronglysuggestedthatCouncilneedstoseekclarityinrelationtotheEPArulingonthisasamatterofurgency.

Councilshouldengageanexternalcontractortoprocessandscreentheexistingstockpilesatacostofbetween$50,000and$75,000,whichcouldgenerateareturnofbetween$100,000and$200,000whensoldtothemarketaslowgrademulchat$15and$20/m3.Giventhemassiveamountofnewhousingtobeconstructedinthenearfuturealocalmarketcouldabsorbthisvolumeofmaterial.

Recomendations

10. That council seek expressions of interest from interested parties to:

a) process the existing stockpile of 7,000–10,000m3 of garden waste into grades suitable for sale;

b) receive and process the estimated 3,000 tonnes garden organics delivered to the WAMI; and

c) Receive and process the anticipated 1,800 tonnes of garden waste arising from the garden organics kerbside collection.

11. That the above information inform the development of a comprehensive business plan to consider the full range of options including cost–benefit analysis and risk profile in relation to:

a) options for collection, transport of the self-hauled loads; and

b) processing and marketing of the finished product from both the self-hauled and existing garden waste collection.

12. As a matter of priority, Council should utilise the information gained from the EOI process above to inform the development of a comprehensive business plan, including a full cost and risk assessment.

13. Council promote the sale of mulch and matured processed green waste to the community.


7.5 Food waste Currently,foodwasterepresents42%ofthegeneralwastebin.Thewasteaudit2013revealedthat49%ofthegeneralwastebincontainedorganicwastewhichcouldbepotentiallyrecoverableinthegardenwastebinasshowninthetablebelow.

Table 8 – General waste bin organic composition

Material kgs/Hhld/week % of binFood 3.62 41.6%Non-recyclablepaper 0.57 6.6%Garden/vegetation 0.07 0.8%total 4.26 49%

Effectivelyeachhouseisdiscarding221kgsoforganicmatterandthecommunityisdiscarding3,400tonnesoffoodperannum.If50%recoveryisachieved,anadditional1,700tonnescouldberecovered.

Halfofthesurveyrespondents(50%)indicatedthattheysupportafoodwasteservicebeingintroducedwiththecurrentgardenwasteservice.Atthefocusgroup,themajority(98%)ofattendeessupportedtheconceptafterseeingademonstrationofarangeofkitchencaddiesandbio-bagsthatwouldbeprovidedinlinewithbestpracticetosupportthisinitiative.

Initiallyitissuggestedthathouseholdswithanexistinggardenwasteservicebeprovidedwiththeprogram.Councilcouldthenofferan‘optin’serviceforlargermultuunitpremiseswherethebodycorporatenominatesitsbuildingtobepartoftheprogram.

Aconcernexpressedbysomewasaboutpotentialodourifthegardenwastebincontainingfoodwasnotgoingtobepickedupweekly.Othercouncilsoffereitheraweeklyorfortnightlyservice.

Ithasbeenfoundthroughstudiesconductedbyotherareasthatgreaterparticipationandfoodwastediversionwereachievedwhereaweeklyservicewasoffered.Itissuggestedthatthecurrentcollectioncycleoffortnightlycollectionbemaintainedintheinterim,howeverthatCouncilre-assesstheprogrambyconductingtrialstodeterminehouseholdbehaviour,participationandfoodwasteseparationtodetermineiftheservicefrequencyshouldbealteredtoweekly,andthegeneralwastebinconvertedtofortnightlycollection.

TheNSWGovernment’sWaste Less Recycle Morefundingpackageoffersinfrastructurefundingfortheestablishmentoffoodwastecollectionsystems.Initiallythereisconsiderationofupto$35perhouseholdfornewmobilegarbagebins,kitchencaddiesandlinersandeducation.Asumof$20,000willbeavailableforwasteauditstodetermineperformanceandacontributiontoothercostsdirectlyassociatedwithincreasedorganicscollection.

ClearlythetimingisrightforCounciltointroducesuchaprogramthatissupportedbythecommunity.Thestategovernmentisofferingsubstantialfundingtooffsettheinitialestablishment.

Recomendations

14. As a matter of priority, Council undertake the development of a comprehensive business plan including a full cost–benefit analysis and risk profile in relation to the exploring the options for collection, transport, processing and marketing of the finished product from a future food and garden waste collection.

15. Promote avoidance of food waste by community outreach in addition to supporting the passive “Love Food Hate Waste” program initiative of the NSW Government.


16. Conduct a trial to ascertain the take-up rate, contamination rates and issues associated with food/green waste collection and services.

17. Introduce a source-separated food waste collection service as part of the 240L garden waste collection service for all households with an existing garden waste bin.

18. Provide each householder with a new 240L mobile garbage bin, kitchen caddy and on-going supply of bio-bags.

19. Consider both local and regional opportunities when applying for the state government Waste Less Recycle More grant funding to offset the cost of implementation based on $35/household and $20,000 for waste audit.

20. Council offer an ‘opt in’ service for medium-density housing where the body corporate nominates its building to be part of the program.

21. Council review the garden/food program including conducting a domestic waste audit to quantify participation, contamination, diversion, recovery and carbon reduction impact. Residents should be surveyed regarding collection frequency to determine if changes should be introduced to the garden/food and general waste service frequency.

22. That Council seek expressions of interest from interested parties to receive and process the estimated 3,500 tpa of combined food and garden waste arising from the new garden organics kerbside collection service to be introduced in 2015.

7.6 Rural waste services TheruralcommunityisdividedinrelationtotheprovisionofCouncilgarbageandrecyclingservice,dueinparttotheexcellentwasteservicecurrentlyofferedbytheprivatecontractortoapproximately72%ofallproperties.Thecurrentwastecontractordoesnotprovidearecyclingservice.Approximately15%ofruralresidentsdon’trecycle,whileotherseitherburnorburyontheirpropertyorbringwaste,includingrecyclingtotownandplaceinlitterbins,workbinsorusetheWAMI.

Themajorityofrespondents(56%)donosupporttheoptionalgarbagerecyclingservicewhile35%arepreparedtopayupto$299forthisservice.Councilcouldconsiderprovidingoptionalacombinedgarbageandrecyclingserviceforthoseruralresidentswhowishtoaccesstheservice.Inaddition,anoptionalrecyclingservicecouldbeprovidedtothoseresidentsseekingthisservice(5%)buthaveotherprivatearrangementsfortheirgarbagedisposalandwouldliketheconvenienceofakerbsiderecyclingcollectionservice.

ToencouragetakeupofthekerbsiderecyclingserviceCouncilshouldclosetheFernleighParkrecyclingdrop-offduetomisuse,illegaldumping,communitycomplaint,asmuchoftherecyclingiscontaminatedandthesitehason-goingmaintenanceissues.

Recomendations

23. Council should offer the rural community:

• an optional 240L yellow lid recycling bin and 240L red lid garbage service, serviced on alternate fortnights; or

• an optional recycling service only for those properties with alternative waste arrangements.

24. That the recycling drop-off facility at Fernleigh Park be closed following introduction of the above services.


7.7 General wasteCouncilhasalreadyintroducedvolume-basedchargeswherethehouseholderselectsthebinsizeneededbasedonhouseholdsizeandwastegenerationforgeneralwaste.Theoptionsare240Lor140L,withacostdifferentialof$85.88%ofhouseholdsusea140Lbin.Householdsareprovidedwithanopportunitytochangesizeonceperyearandtheassociatedadministrationcost,bincollectionanddeliveryfeesarechargedseparatelytotheDomesticWasteManagementCharge.

Thecommunityconsultationandwasteauditconfirmedthatbetween31–36%ofbinswerelessthan50%fullatthetimeofcollection.Single,coupleandagedhouseholderstypicallymanagewithasmallerbinsubjecttowastepracticesinthehousehold.Thewastevolumescloselymatchthedemographicdata,inthat27%ofhouseholdsaresinglepersonand10%ofthepopulationareover65yearsofage.

Councilshouldconsiderextendingitsvariablebinpricingmechanismtoincludeasmaller80Lbinsizetorewardthoselowwaste-producinghouseholds.

Inpreparingforthenextwastecollectioncontract,Councilneedstospecifythatthecollectionfleetmustbecapableofcollectingbinsrangingfrom80–240Lcapacityforgeneralwaste.

Recomendations

25. Council offer the community an 80L general waste bin option for low waste generators for a reduced waste charge.

26. In preparing for the next waste collection contract, Council needs to specify that the collection fleet must be capable of collecting bins ranging from 80–240L for general waste.

27. Council specify that fuel efficient vehicles would be favourably considered in the next waste collection contract.


7.8 General waste disposal Currently,allgeneralwasteisdisposedofattheMuggaLanelandfillaspartofaMemorandumofUnderstanding(MOU)withACTNOWaste.Since2005–06theamountofgeneralwastetreatedatanAdvancedWasteTreatment(AWT)processhastrebledascouncilsseektomeetStateGovernmenttargets.

Duringthenextfiveto10years,itishighlylikelythatthegovernmentand/orprivatesectorwillinvestinalternativewastetreatment,seekingtoreapadditionalvaluewithorganicorenergyrecoveryfromthediscardedwastestream.Recentlythelargestsingleprocessingcontractinvolving14councilsmembersoftheSouthernSydneyRegionOrganisationofCouncils(SSROC)wasawardedtoVeoliawhoarebuildinganMBTplantatWoodlawnwastefacility.

Priortothedevelopmentofthenextcollectioncontract,CouncilneedstohaveenteredintoaformaloragoodwillcontractandhavenegotiationswithboththeACTGovernmentandtheprivatesectorinrelationtocurrentandfuturedisposalandAWTprocessingoftheresidualstream.

Recomendation

28. That Council release an EOI to interested parties in relation to both the receipt and processing of residual waste arising from Council kerbside general waste collections.

7.9 Bin configurationThefollowingbinconfigurationshouldbeavailabletoallhouseholdssotheycandeterminetheirneedsbasedonwastegenerationandfamilysize.

Table 9 – Bin configuration

Waste stream Single dwellings Unit blocks RuralGarbage 140L(optional

80L,240L)weekly240L/2unitsweekly Optional240L

fortnightlyRecycling 240Lfortnightly

Optional360L240L/2unitsfortnightly

optional360LOptional240Lor360Lfortnightly

Garden organics

240Lfortnightly Optional Notavailable

Recomendations

29. Council communicate to the community the range of waste, recycling and garden organics bin sizes and fee options available.

30. In preparing for the next contract, Council require the provision of Radio Frequency Identification Device (RFID) tags on all new bins and the appropriate hardware and software for monitoring by both Council and the contactor.


7.10 Waste Minimisation CentreThecentreiscurrentlyopensevendaysaweekfrom7.15amto4.15pmandoperatesasafreecommunitydrop-offforgardenwaste,paperandcardboard,co-mingledrecyclables,oil,batteries,fluorescenttubesandbulbs.Duringtheconsultation,theconceptofanexpandedfacilityofferinggreaterrecycling,reuseandresourcerecoveryopportunitieswaswidelysupported(98%).

As part of the Waste Less Recycle Morefundinginitiative,theNSWEPAwillbeoffering$59millioningrantstoestablishorupgradeexistingdrop-offlocationsforlowtoxicproblematicwaste.Theseareidentifiedas:gasbottles/fireextinguishersleadacidbatteries,usedmotoroil,paint,fluorescenttubesandsmokedetectors.

Thefundingwillprovidetheinfrastructure,hireofstillagesforstorageofitems,signage,stafftraininginmaterialshandling,collection,transport,reprocess/recycleorsafedisposalofcoretargetedmaterials,exceptforleadacidbatteriesandmotoroil,whicharedeemedtohaveacommercialvalue.

Currently,Councildoesnotprovidefacilitiesforgasbottles,paintandsmokedetectorsandthecommunityidentifiedadditionalproductsoverandabovethosethattheywouldliketodeliverforrecoveryincluding:

• E-waste • DrumMuster• Householdchemicals • Mattresses• Scrapmetal • used furniture

Thecurrentsitehasanumberofconstraintsintermsofspace.Intheshort-term,staffneedtoinvestigatehowthesitecanbere-configuredtoofferanexpandeddrop-offarea.TheareaimmediatelyinfrontoftheMen’sShedisidealfordrop-offoftheexpandedproductsrequiredbytheEPA.

7.10.1 E-waste –Electronicwaste(e-waste)describesanyproductwithacordoritsperipherals,andrangesfromhairdryersandblendersthroughtowhitegoods.Thefederalgovernmentrecentlyintroducedaproducer-responsibilitye-wasteschemeforcomputersandperipheralsandtelevisions.

Apermanente-wastecollectionlocationwaspreferredby96%offocusgroupattendeesoveranevent,whichmembersindicatedthatcouldmissiftheywereawayorunawareofthedate.Apermanente-wastecollectionlocationusingashippingcontainerinwhichtostoreandtransportcollectedcomputersandtelevisionsshouldbeprovided.

WeunderstandthatSEROChasundertakenaregionaltenderandisinnegotiationswiththepreferredproviderDHLthatwillbeprovidingfixedcollectionpointsthroughouttheregionwiththecostofthefacilitiesandcollectionpaidforbyDHLatnocosttocouncil.AsQueanbeyanispartoftheACTcatchment,itisunclearwhetheraseparatesitewouldbeestablishedattheWAMI.DiscussionshouldbeheldwithSEROCandDHLinthequesttoprovideapermanentsiteattheWAMI.

7.10.2 Mobile phones and toner cartridges –TheseproductsareabletoberecoveredattheCounciloffices,howevertheorganisationssupportingtherecoveryoftheseproductsprovidededicatedstoragecontainerstoencouragecommunityparticipation.

7.10.3 DrumMuster –provideawirecagefortheplacementofusedplasticagriculturalcontainersthathavebeentriplerinsedandarefreefromliquidresiduals.Astrongeducationprogramisnecessarywithinthefarmingandagriculturalcommunityandthroughtheretailoutletsfromwhichtheseproductsarepurchasedtoencouragethecorrectdisposalofthesecontainers.


7.10.4 Mattress recycling – Mattressesoccupysignificantlandfillspace,causeoperationalissuesatlandfillandhavearelativelyhighcarbonvalue.Itcanbeestimated(basedon15,000households,twomattressesperhouseholdandamattressturnoverrateof10years)that3,000mattressesaregeneratedintheCouncilareaeachyear.Currently,residents’onlyoptionistodeliverdirectlytoACTMuggaLanelandfillorplaceoutatthekerbforthebulkwastewhenCouncildeliversthemtothelandfill.Atthistime,Councildoesnotseparatemattressespost-collectionasitdoeswithgardenandmetals.

Anumberofcompaniesofferamattress-recyclingservice.ACTcurrentlyhasacontractformattressrecovery.Thepricesvarybasedonlocalityandnumberbutrangefrom$20upwards.ItissuggestedthatCouncilsupportandpromotetheintroductionofaregionalmattress-recyclingprogramandconsiderofferingthisservicetoresidentsattheWAMIonafee-for-servicebasistocovertherecyclingfee.

7.10.5 Reuse shed –Householdsupdateandreplacehouseholditemsincludingfurniture,books,clothingandbric-a-bracfrequently,priortotheitemsbeingpasttheirusefullife.Manyitemsarestillfullyfunctional.Currently,someitemsaresoldtosecond-handshops,handeddowntofamilyandfriendsordonatedtocharities,whichareincreasinglyfussyaboutquality.Manyhouseholdgoodsareeitherdiscardedonclean-uppilesorleftonthenaturestrip.Smalleritemsgodirectlyintothebinandthentolandfill.

Reuseenterprises‘tipshops’or‘dropandswap’centres,wherematerialsarerecycled,arenowmainstream.TheACThaspromotedthisapproachfordecades.Theconceptrequireslittletechnologyorequipmentbuttobetrulysuccessfulitrequirestheoperationtoberunasasmallbusiness.

Thecommunitystronglysupporttheestablishmentofareusecentrewithlinkstosocialenterprise.Suchafacilityshouldbeprovidedatthereconfiguredornewrecycling/reuse/resource-recoveryfacilityforreusablegoodsorsuchgoodsbeprovidedtoanexistingornewbusinessorsocialenterprisewithastrongsocial ethic.

7.10.6 Household chemicals -Manyproperties,domesticgaragesandshedscontainchemicalcocktailsofout-of-date,unwantedandoftenunknownpotsandbottlesofchemicals,herbicides,pesticidesandothersubstances,whichareallpotentiallydetrimentaltotheenvironmentifnotproperlycontrolledanddisposed of correctly.

CouncilconductsanannualHouseholdChemicalCleanOutprograminconjunctionwiththeNSWEPAwhereresidentscanbringtheirunwantedhouseholditemstoadesignatedcollection.Here,trained,skilledcontractorsreceive,assessandpackfortransportanddestructiontherangeofproductssurrendered.However,thecommunityareseekingamorepermanentfacility.

Purpose-built,fullyenclosedandventilatedstorageshedsareavailableforcontainingchemicalspriortotheirassessmentbyexperts.Re-locatablehazardousgoodsstorageunitsareavailableandmayrequireaDevelopmentApplicationandapprovalfromtheEPA.

Recomendations

31. Council needs to undertake improved promotion of the Waste Minimisation Centre location, services and cost in addition to implementing improved road signage.


32. Investigate reconfiguration of the existing WAMI in the short-term to offer an expanded drop-off area for low toxic problem wastes as defined by the NSW EPA, including gas bottles/fire extinguishers, paint, lead acid batteries, florescent tubes, smoke detectors and used motor oil.

33. Council should apply to the NSW EPA for grant funding as part of ‘Waste Less Recycle More’ funding initiative to provide new and upgrade existing drop-off facilities for low toxic problematic waste, including lead acid batteries, gas bottles, paint, fluorescent tubes and smoke detectors.

34. Council enter into negotiations with SEROC/SERRG and DHL in relation to providing a permanent e-waste (computer, peripherals and televisions) collection point at the WAMI.

35. Council support SEROC/SERRG to coordinate a regional tender for the collection and processing of mattresses.

36. Council provide expanded facilities at the WAMI for the collection and storage of mobile phones, toner cartridges, scrap metal, used chemicals, clothing/textiles and unwanted but re-useable household items.

37. As part of the reconfiguration of the existing WAMI due consideration be given to finding an alternative location for the operation of the Men’s Shed until such time as a Master Plan and new site are developed when co-location could be complementary, if the Men’s Shed was involved in the repair and maintenance of the donated unwanted household goods.

38. That as part of the refurbishment of the existing WAMI and/or construction of a new facility a weighbridge be installed for accurate monitoring of waste flows.

39. That a DrumMuster compound be established for used plastic agricultural containers that have been triple rinsed and are free from residual liquid.

40. Council in conjunction with LGA, SEROC and SERRG lobby the federal government to extend the EPR program to all e-waste, mattresses, gas bottles, fire extinguishers, paint and smoke detectors.

41. Council support and promote the introduction of a regional mattress recycling program.

42. Conduct a feasibility study into the various operating models in other locations to assist in determining the preferred structure to suit Council’s risk profile in relation to the future operation of a reuse shop.

43. Engage with local charities and undertake an Expression of Interest with the local community to determine the level of interest in the operation of a reuse shop at a Council-provided facility as social enterprise.

44. For the longer term, Council needs to develop a Master Plan for an integrated larger site that can accommodate all recycling/reuse activities in the same location. It may also incorporate the proposed Sustainability Hub and Men’s Shed.


7.11 Bulky wasteCurrently,60%oftheurbanrespondentsusetheserviceonceperyear.However,inmedium-densityareaswithahighleveloftransienttenants,dumpedrubbishonthenaturestripforlongperiodsoftimeisthenorm,asCouncilcurrentlyofferstwoscheduledcollectionsperyearinMarchandSeptember.

Inruralareastheservicewasusedby56%ofrespondents,withthemajority(75%)usingittwiceperannumprobablyduetotheconvenienceofhavingthreerurallocationswhereitemscanbedeliveredonscheduleddaystwiceperyear.Thereshouldbenochangetothisservicelevel.

Council’scontractorcurrentlyrecoversmetalsandgardenwastepostcollection.Councilshouldalsopromotetheconceptof‘secondhandSaturday/Sunday’ortrash-and-treasuredaystoencouragereuse,withaclean-upcollectionarrangedfortheweekfollowingtheactivitytoremoveanyunwantedandunsolditems.

Recomendations

45. Maintain the twice per annum bulky waste service for single households in the urban areas, with additional services on a fee for service basis.

46. Maintain the service in medium-density areas to two collections per year in March and September.

47. Maintain the current service level to rural community of two scheduled services per year.

48. Council promote trash-and-treasure days or ‘second-hand Saturday/Sunday’ to encourage reuse with the clean-up service booked immediately following the activity on request.

49. Continue to review opportunities to maximise diversion of hardwaste from landfill.


8. Other services and related issues

8.1 Bio-solidsCouncilcurrentlygeneratesandstockpilessignificantquantitiesofbio-solidsfromtheCouncilseweragetreatmentplant.Thismatterisorganicandissuitableasinputtocomposting.

Recomendations

50. That Council seek expression of interest (EOI) from interested parties to receive and process from the Queanbeyan Sewerage Treatment Plant:

• 4,000 tonnes stockpile of bio-solids; and

• 850 tonnes per annum of bio-solids.

51. That the information gained from the above EOI be used to inform a business plan for the on-going management of bio-solids as part of the future management of organics.

8.2 Litter managementCouncilactivelyparticipatesinarangeofactivities,programsandcampaignsincludingDon’tBeaTosser,CleanUpAustraliaDayandtheTidyTownsprogrampromotedbyKeepAustraliaBeautiful.Therehasbeenanincreaseinthemisuseanddumpingofshoppingcentretrolleyswhichwarrantsgreaterengagementbyallsupermarketstoinstallcoinoperatedtrolleysinanefforttominimiseincorrectbehavior

Councilrecentlyinstalledpublic-placerecyclingbinsinCrawfordStreetandatthe sensory Gardens.

Recomendations

52. Council conntinue to support and promote litter-reduction initiatives such as Clean up Australia Day and Don’t be a Tosser campaign.

53. Council in conjunction with LGA, SEROC and SERRG lobby for the banning of plastic shopping bags in favour of resusable bags and that all supermarkets only use coin operated trolleys to reduce community misuse and dumping.

54. That Council encourage the proprietors of Wanniassa Street fast food outlets to institute more intensive litter campaigns in the wider vicinity of their own outlets.

8.3 Container Deposit Scheme (CDS)Shouldthisschemebeadoptedbygovernment,anopportunitymayexistfortheCouncilWAMItobeadepot,subjecttothemodeltobeimplemented.GiventhecommunityisawareoftheWAMI,andmanyalreadydrop-offexcessrecyclables,theestablishmentofaformaldepotappearstomakesense.Adecisionisexpected late 2013.

Recomendation

55. Council in conjunction with LGA, SEROC and SERRG should monitor developments in relation to the implementation of a national Container Deposit Scheme.


8.4 Illegal dumping Thecommunityisconcernedaboutthevisualamenityoftheareawhenhouseholdfurnitureormotorvehiclesaredumpedonroads,vergesandnaturestrips.Thecommunity,realestateagents,stratamanagersandwastecontractorsindicatetheproblemisincreasing.

Therearetwotypesofillegaldumpingbehaviour:

1. Residentsdumpinghouseholdgoodsinappropriatelyinresidentialareas.Thisincludesinornexttopublic-placelitterbins,residentsdumpingbulkywasteonthenaturestripwhennocollectionisdue,andoverflowingcharityclothingbins.

2. Dumpinghouseholdorbusinesswastetoavoidtippingfees,mostcommonlyinbushlandorisolatedareas.

Group1isoften‘oneoff’offendersthatarenotawarethattheirbehaviourisillegalandhavenottakenthetimetolookintomoresuitabledisposalalternatives.Theseoffendersshouldbetargetedwithawarenessofthealternatives,suchasbulkywastecollectiondates.

Group2offendersoftendecidethattheriskofgettingcaughtislessthanthecostoftheavoidedtipfees.Theyrequireenforcementandpenaltiestoreduceormodifybehaviour.Anumberofothercouncilsandregionalgroupsofcouncilshavedeveloped‘RIDSquads’–teamsofcouncilrangersdedicatedtopursuingandreducingillegaldumping.Thegroupcouldworkeitherasacouncilgroup,sub-regionalgroupinassociationwithACT(giventheproximityofboundaries)orasaregionalgroup.

Recomendations

56. Council contact the ACT Government, neighbouring councils and appropriate authorities to ascertain the level of interest in working cooperatively as a dedicated group of officers in tackling illegal dumping and pursuing offenders.

57. Council should maintain a database and map of illegal dumping incidents to inform appropriate interventions for managing and reducing illegal dumping and to identify incidences of repeat illegal dumping activity.

58. Council should seek funding from the Waste Less Recycle More funding package for a waste compliance officer.

59. Install motion activated cameras in target ‘hot spots’ in an effort to reduce activity.

60. Encourage more dialogue between real estate agents/environmental health officers and rangers in the quest to better understand and respond to incidents.

61. Provide real estate agents and strata managers with information packs for new tenancies and home-owners to ensure they are aware of the services and penalties for non-compliance in particular illegal dumping.

62. Undertake a media campaign to raise awareness of the issue of dumping and the penalties and enforcement activities of council rangers.


8.5 Away from home recyclingCouncilhasinstallednewattractivepublicplacerecyclingenclosuresintheCrawfordStreetshoppingprecinctsandattheSensoryGardens.TheseopportunitiesneedtobeexpandedandcomplementeffortsbytheprivatesectorincludingrecyclingstationsprovidedinthefoodcourtattheRiversidePlaza.

Councilhasdevelopedasustainableeventguideandundertakentrainingtoensureitisleadingbyexampleandpractisingwaste-wiseprinciplesatallevents.Waste-wiseeventprinciplesshouldbeutilisedforallCouncileventsandshouldbeincludedasaconditionsofhireofanyCouncilfacility,parkorpublicarena.

ThecommunityisseekingCounciltoprovideopportunitiesforrecyclingatmajorsportingeventsandactivitiesbyprovidingrecyclinginfrastructure.Council,inconsultationwithitscontractor,shouldprovideadedicatedstockofbinsandhoods,whichcanbeprovidedonrequestbyeventorganisers.

Recomendations

63. Expand the recycling stations to include more shopping precincts, pool and sports fields and parks.

64. Apply waste-wise event management principles as a requirement for events organised at Council venues.

65. Offer recycling opportunities at major sporting events and activities.

66. Council consider the purchase of specific bins, hoods and signage to clearly differentiate what products go where for use at events and sporting functions.

8.6 EducationCouncilhasundertakenarangeofcommunityoutreachactivities,bothactivelythroughengagingKABtoundertakespecialistschooleducationandpassively,withtrucksignageandinformationatCouncilevents.Standardimageryhasbeendevelopedtobrandallwastemanagementandresource-recoveryactivities.However,asweallreceiveandprocessinformationdifferently,arangeofmediumsforallagesanddemographicsisrequired.Informationonthesystems,binoptions,costsandhowtousethesystemcorrectlymustbeprovided.

On-goingemphasisandincreasedbudgetallocationandresourcesareneededtoimproveandreducetheexistinghighlevelsofcontaminationinthekerbsiderecyclingbinsandtomaintainthelowlevelsinthegardenwastebins.Calendarswithservicedatesandafridgemagnet,binstickers,posters,advertisementsandcommunityoutreacharejustsomeofthecommonmethodsused.

Councilshouldreviewanycontractualobligationswiththecontactorandascertainhowthepartiescanworktogethertomaximisetheimpactandopportunitytoinformandeducatethecommunity.Councilneedstoaggressivelyimplementarecyclingbincontaminationpolicytoreducethehighlevelsofcontamination,includingengagingabinauditortoinspecteverybinpriortocollectiononseveraloccasionsaspartofaconcertedrecyclingcontaminationandawarenesscampaign,withtheresultspublished.

Manyinthecommunityareseekingmoreknowledgeandskillsinconnectionwithresponsibleorganicsmanagementviatrainingsessionsonhowtocompost,setupwormfarms,keepchooksoravoidfoodwaste.Thecommunityisalsoseekingsubsidisedwormfarmsandcompostbinsforthosewhocompletetrainingorsupplyatwholesaleorcostpriceforthebroadercommunity.


Recomendations

67. Employ a full-time waste education officer or project officer to assist with community education.

68. Continue to engage Keep Australia Beautiful (KAB) to deliver the annual school education program to all public and private schools within the Council area.

69. Market test all graphics and educational material to gauge community understanding prior to release.

70. Continue to provide education in a range of mediums for all ages and demographics.

71. Develop bin stickers for placement on either the outside of all bin lids or front of bin.

72. Develop, promote and implement training opportunities in organics management including low waste gardening, composting and worm farming.

73. Provide subsidised worm farms and compost bins for those households participating in the above training and seeking to manage organics onsite.

74. Offer the broader community worm farms and compost bins at cost.

75. Promote avoidance of food waste by community outreach in addition to passive “Love Food Hate Waste” initiative by the NSW Government.

76. Promote businesses and solutions for people wishing to donate or recycle items.

77. When the new collection contracts are prepared in 2014, the successful tenderer should be required, as part of their contractual obligations, to provide a fixed annual fee towards education to implement and support a range of initiatives to aid in community education and understanding of any recycling service.

8.7 Commercial and Industrial Councilcurrentlyprovideslimitedwasteandrecyclingservicestothissector,basedonthesameofferingashouseholds.Councilneedstoassessitscapabilitytooffermultiple240Lbinserviceswhereneeded.

Anumberofcommercialcompaniesrunorganicscollectionprogramsprovidingregularfoodwastecollectionstorestaurants,clubs,governmentdepartments,shoppingcentresandoffices.Councilshouldseektosupporttheseeffortsbypromotingtheirservices.

CouncilhassupportedtheextensionoftheACTSmartBusinessprogramtothebusinesssectorofQueanbeyan.25placeswereofferedin2012,thiswasincreasedbyanother25placesin2013.Councilshoulddevelop,prepareandprofilecasestudiesofparticipants,ascurrentlythereislittlerecognitionofthisprogram.


TheNSWEPASustainabilityDivisionhasrecentlylaunchedtheBinTrimandSustainabilityAdvantageprograms,wheregovernmentassistsinoffsettingthecostsofengagingaccreditedpersonneltoprovideassistance,guidanceanddirectiontobusinessesinreducingwasteoutputandreducingoperatingcosts.CouncilstaffcanbetrainedtoadministertheBinTrimProgram.TheseinitiativescancomplementtheexistingACTSmartprogram.

Recomendations

78. Council should conduct a waste audit of commercial bins to determine weight and composition and subject to the findings undertake a review of fees and charges if bins are found to be substantially heavier than residential bins to prevent cross subsidisation.

79. Explore opportunities to forge greater links with the business community.

80. Promote waste collection services to the business community by offering multiple lifts of 240L bins.

81. During the negotiations for the next collection contract, seek support from tenderers as to how to provide greater support to the business community.

82. Council to promote recycling services offered to the commercial and industrial sector including the new and emerging organics collection services as well as traditional services for cardboard and glass.

83. Council should continue to promote and support the free ACTSmart Business Program as currently there is little of recognition of the program.

84. Council promote the Bin Trim and Sustainability Advantage programs to the business community as free or government-assisted programs.

85. Support the training of a Council staff member in the Bin Trim tool and then undertake outreach to the business community on waste management.

8.8 Regional collaborationCouncilisamemberoftheSouthEastRegionRecyclingGroup(SERRG).Itshouldshareinformation,exchangeviewsandopinionsandworkregionallyandcooperativelywhereitiscostadvantageoustodosooreconomiesofscaleare required.

Recomendations

86. Continue to work collaboratively within the region for the benefit of the members to gain economies of scale, improved operational efficiencies and improved resource recovery outcomes.

87. In partnership with SERRG & SEROC consider the opportunity of establishing a Sustainability Hub to co-locate composting, recycling, resource recovery, reuse, repair, education centre with demonstration gardens showcasing renewable energy and water wise plants with on-site organic management and encouraging new small business opportunities.


9. Strategic framework

Vision: Working towards zero waste.

Mission: To educate and support the community to reduce and manage waste in a more sustainable way for the benefit of current and future generations.

Strategy: Maximise resource recovery and minimise waste generation, treatment and disposal through the use of economic instruments and community education in accordance with best-practice principles and demonstrating compliance with:

• Ecological sustainability;

• The waste management hierarchy;

• The need for continuous improvement ;

• The need for leadership and innovation;

• Transparency of pricing policies;

• Social equity;

• Compliance with statutory obligations; and

• Benchmarking progress.

Goals:

1. Waste diversion – Increase diversion of materials from landfill to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and climate change impacts by:

a) providingappropriatewasteandresource-efficiencyinfrastructure;

b) encouragingtherecoveryofmaterialsforbeneficialandhighestorderreuse;

c) encouragingrecoveryoflowtoxicproblematicproductsthatposearisktotheenvironmentbyprovidingconvenientcentralfacilitiesfortheirrecovery;and

d) improvingtheuseofexistingandfuturewastemanagementservices and infrastructure.

2. Littering and illegal dumping – Reduce anti-social behaviour by:

a) arangeofmeasuresfocusingoneducationandenforcement;and

b) providingappropriateservicesandinfrastructure.

3. Community and stakeholder engagement – Increase the community’s knowledge, skills and actions in relation to waste-avoidance reduction, reuse and recycling practices by:

a) Workingwiththecommunitythrougheducationandinformationinregardstowasteavoidance;and

b) Workingwithallstakeholderstoencouragethehighestuseofresourceswhilereducingwastegeneration.


4. Partnerships – Support and complement the work of local and regional neighbours, and processing and collection contractors with the aim of providing a united and consistent message to our community.

5. Regional planning – Provide on-going support and cooperation in relation to regional or sub-regional planning.

a) Supportcoordinationofwastemanagementinfrastructureandservicestogainimprovedresource-recoveryoutcomes.

b) Encourageresourcesharingasappropriatetogainimprovedefficienciesandcostsavingsforservices.

Diversion Targets: Thisstrategyseeksthroughcontinuousimprovementtoachievethefollowingkerbsidediversiontargetsfromabaselineof41%in2013:

• 45%by2015,throughgreatercaptureofrecyclables;

• 64%by2016,followingtheintroductionofthefoodwasteprogram;and

• >70%by2023,byprocessingthegeneralwastebinthroughanAdvancedWasteTreatmentfacility.

Service Performance targets: Seektoreducethecontaminationrateintherecyclingstreamfromabaselineof20%to:

• 10%by2016;and

• 7%by2023.

Strategic review: Regularsystematicvisual,physicalandadministrativeauditsshouldbeconductedandcomparedinthesameclimaticseason,usingthesamemethodtoallowtrendstobeassessedanddirectcomparisonsmade

todetermineperformanceandidentifyissuesthatneedtobeaddressedovertime.

Asthelegislativeframeworkisconstantlyevolvingandrequiresconstantmonitoring,itisprudenttoundertakeregularreviewsofthisstrategyandthetargetstodeterminehowanychangeinpolicywillaffectCouncilandcommunityperformance.

Asprogresstowardsthetargetswillnotbelinearandlegislativeandregulatoryreviewsmayalterthecurrentoperatingframeworkasignificantmidtermreviewshouldoccuratfiveyearswithminorreviewoccurringatthreeandeightyears.


9.1 RecommendationsThefollowing87recommendationscontainedinthisstrategyaredetailedbelowgroupedbycommonarea.

Recycling 1. Improverecyclingrecoverythroughincreasedawareness/

educationprograms.

2. Developand/orimplementarecyclingbincontaminationpolicy.

3. Wherehabitualoffenderscontinuallycontaminaterecycling,revoketherecyclingservice.

4. Council,inconjunctionwiththecontractor,engageabinauditortoroutinelyinspecteveryrecyclingbinpriortocollectiononmultipleoccasionstoidentifyandallowtargetedcommunicationtooffendinghouseholds.

5. Whereadditionalrecyclingbincapacityisrequired,Councilprovideasanoptiona360Lrecyclingbinatminimaladditionalcharge.

6. Inpreparingforthenextwastecollectioncontract,specifythatthecollectionfleetmustbecapableofcollectingbinsranging240–360Lforrecycling.

Recycling processing 7. MaintainthecurrentcontractualarrangementswithACTNOWaste

andRemondisinrelationtoacceptanceandprocessingofallrecyclablesgeneratedbyCouncil.

Garden waste 8. Theexisting240Lgardenwastebinshouldremaintheonlysize

optionduetopotentialweightissueswithbinusage.

9. Whereadditionalgardenbincapacityisrequired,Councilprovideadditional240Lbinonacostrecoverybasis.

Garden waste processing10. ThatCouncilseekexpressionsofinterestfrominterestedpartiesto:

• processtheexistingstockpileof7,000–10,000m3ofgardenwasteintogradessuitableforsale

• receiveandprocesstheestimated3,000tonnesgardenorganicsdelivered to the WAMi

• Receiveandprocesstheanticipated1,800tonnesofgardenwastearisingfromthegardenorganicskerbsidecollection

11. Thattheaboveinformationinformsthedevelopmentofacomprehensivebusinessplantoconsiderthefullrangeofoptions,includingcost–benefitanalysisandriskprofileinrelationto:

a) optionsforcollection,transportoftheself-hauledloadsand

b) processingandmarketingofthefinishedproductfromboththeself-hauledandexistinggardenwastecollection.

12. Asamatterofpriority,CouncilshouldutilisetheinformationgainedfromtheEOIprocessabovetoinformthedevelopmentofacomprehensivebusinessplan,includingafullcostandriskassessment.

13. Councilpromotethesaleofmulchandmaturedprocessedgreenwastetothecommunity


Food waste 14. Asamatterofpriority,Councilundertakethedevelopmentof

acomprehensivebusinessplanincludingafullcost–benefitanalysisandriskprofileinrelationtotheexploringtheoptionsforcollection,transport,processingandmarketingofthefinishedproductfromthefuturefoodandgardenwastecollection.

15. Promoteavoidanceoffoodwastebycommunityoutreachinadditiontosupportingthepassive“LoveFoodHateWaste”programinitiativeoftheNSWGovernment.

16. Conductatrialtoascertainthetake-uprate,contaminationratesandissuesassociatedwithfood/greenwastecollectionand services.

17. Introduceasource-separatedfoodwastecollectionserviceaspartofthe240Lgardenwastecollectionserviceforallhouseholdswithanexistinggardenwastebin.

18. Provideeachhouseholderwithanew240Lmobilegarbagebin,kitchencaddyandon-goingsupplyofbio-bags.

19. ConsiderbothlocalandregionalopportunitieswhenapplyingforApplytothestategovernment‘WasteLessRecycleMore’grantfundingtooffsetthecostofimplementationbasedon$35/Hhldand$20,000forwasteaudit.

20. Councilofferan‘optin’serviceformedium-densityhousingwherethebodiescorporatenominatetheirbuildingtobepartoftheprogram.

21. Councilreviewthegarden/foodprogramincludingconductingadomesticwasteaudittoquantifyparticipation,contamination,diversion,recoveryandcarbonreductionimpact.Residentsshouldbesurveyedregardingollectionfrequencytodetermineifchangesshouldbeintroducedtothegarden/foodandgeneralwastebins.

22. Thatcouncilseekexpressionsofinterestfrominterestedpartiestoreceiveandprocesstheestimated500tonnesofcombinedfoodandgardenwastearisingfromthenewgardenorganicskerbsidecollectionservicetobeintroducedin2015.

Rural waste services23. Councilshouldoffertheruralcommunity:

• anoptional240Lyellowlidrecyclingbinand240Lredlidgarbageserviceservicedonalternatefortnights;or

• anoptionalrecyclingonlyserviceforthosepropertieswithalternativewastearrangements.

24. Thattherecyclingdrop-offfacilityatFernleighParkbeclosedfollowingintroductionoftheaboveservices.

General waste25. Councilofferthecommunityan80Lgeneralwastebinoptionfor

lowwastegeneratorsforareducedwastecharge.

26. Inpreparingforthenextwastecollectioncontract,Councilneedstospecifythatthecollectionfleetmustbecapableofcollectingbinsrangingfrom80–240Lforgeneralwaste.

27. Councilspecifythatfuelefficientvehicleswouldbefavourablyconsideredinthenextwastecollectioncontract.


General waste disposal28. ThatCouncilreleaseanEOItointerestedpartiesinrelationtoboth

thereceiptandprocessingofresidualwastearisingfromCouncilkerbsidegeneralwastecollections.

Bin configuration and technology29. Councilcommunicatetothecommunitytherangeofwaste,

recyclingandgardenorganicsbinsizesandfeeoptionsavailable.

30. CouncilinpreparingforthenextcontractrequiretheprovisionofRadioFrequencyIdentificationDevice(RFID)tagsonallnewbinsandtheappropriatehardwareandsoftwareformonitoringbybothCouncilandthecontactor.Maintenanceofthedatabasetobeagreedbetweentheparties.

Waste Minimisation Centre31. Councilneedstoimplementimprovedroadsignagetoidentifythe

locationoftheexistingWasteMinimisationCentreatLornRoad.CouncilneedstoundertakeimprovedpromotionoftheWasteMinimisationCentrelocation,servicesandcostinadditiontoimplementingimprovedroadsignage.

32. InvestigatereconfigurationoftheexistingWAMIintheshort-termtoofferanexpandeddrop-offareaforlowtoxicproblemwastesasdefinedbytheNSWEPA,includinggasbottles/fireextinguishers,paint,leadacidbatteries,florescenttubes,smokedetectorsandusedmotoroil.

33. CouncilshouldapplytotheNSWEPAforgrantfundingaspartof‘WasteLessRecycleMore’fundinginitiativetoprovidenewandupgradedexistingdrop-offfacilitiesforlowtoxicproblematicwasteincludingleadacidbatteries,gasbottles,paint,fluorescenttubesandsmokedetectors.

34. CouncilenterintonegotiationswithSEROCandDHLinrelationtoprovidingapermanente-waste(computer,peripheralsandtelevisions)collectionpointattheWAMI.

35. CouncilsupportSEROC/SERRGtocoordinatearegionaltenderforthecollectionandprocessingofmattresses.

36. CouncilprovideexpandedfacilitiesattheWAMIforthecollectionandstorageofmobilephones,tonercartridges,scrapmetal,usedchemicals,andunwantedbutreusablehouseholditems,clothingandtextiles.

37. ThataspartoftherefurbishmentoftheexistingWAMIand/orconstructionofanewfacilityaweighbridgebeinstalledforaccuratemonitoringofwasteflows.

38. AspartofthereconfigurationoftheexistingWAMIthatdueconsiderationbegiventofindinganalternatelocationfortheoperationoftheMen’sSheduntilsuchtimesasamasterplanandnewsitearedevelopedwhenco-locationcouldbecomplementaryiftheMen’sShedwasinvolvedintherepairandmaintenanceofthedonatedunwantedhouseholdgoods.

39. ThataDrumMustercompoundbeestablishedforusedplasticagriculturalcontainersthathavebeentriplerinsedandfreefromliquid residual.


40. CouncilinconjunctionwithLGA,SEROCandSERRGlobbytheFederalGovernmenttoextendtheEPRprogramtoalle-waste,mattresses,gasbottles,fireextinguishers,paint,batteriesandsmokedetectors.

41. Councilsupportandpromotetheintroductionofaregionalmattress-recyclingprogram.

42. ConductafeasibilitystudyintothevariousoperatingmodelsinotherlocationstoassistindeterminingthepreferredstructuretosuitCouncil’sriskprofileinrelationtothefutureoperationofareuse shop.

43. EngagewithlocalcharitiesandundertakeanExpressionofInterestwiththelocalcommunitytodeterminethelevelofinterestinoperationofareuseshopataCouncil-providedfacilityassocial enterprise.

44. Forthelongerterm,CouncilneedstodevelopaMasterPlanforanintegratedlargersitethatcanaccommodateallrecycling/reuseactivitiesinthesamelocation.ItmayalsoincorporatetheproposedSustainabilityHubandMen’sShed.

Bulky waste 45. Maintainthebulkywasteservicetotwiceperannumforsingle

householdsintheurbanareaswithadditionalservicesonafeeforservicebasis.

46. Maintaintheserviceinmedium-densityareasoftwocollectionsperyearinMarchandSeptember.

47. Maintainthecurrentserviceleveltoruralcommunityoftwoscheduled services per year.

48. Councilpromotetrash-and-treasuredaysor‘second-handSaturday/Sunday’toencouragereuse,withtheclean-upservicebookedimmediatelyfollowingtheactivityonrequest.

49. Continuetoreviewopportunitiestomaximisediversionofhardwastefromlandfill.

Bio-solids50. ThatCouncilseekexpressionofinterest(EOI)frominterested

partiestoreceiveandprocessfromtheQueanbeyanSewerageTreatmentPlant:

• 4,000tonnesstockpileofbio-solids;and

• 850tonnesperannumofbio-solids.

51. ThattheinformationgainedfromtheaboveEOIbeusedtoinformabusinessplanfortheon-goinggoingmanagementofbio-solidsaspartofthefuturemanagementoforganics.

Litter management52. Councilcontinuetosupportandpromotelitterreductioninitiatives

suchasCleanupAustraliaDayandDon’tbeaTossercampaign.

53. CouncilinconjunctionwithLGA,SEROCandSERRGlobbyforthebanningofplasticshoppingbagsinfavourofreusablebagsandthatallsupermarketsonlyusecoinoperatedtrolleystoreducecommunitymisuseanddumping.

54. ThatCouncilencouragetheproprietorsofWanniassaStreetfastfoodoutletstoinstitutemoreintensivelittercampaignsinthewider vicinity of their own outlets.


Container Deposit Scheme (CDS)55. CouncilinconjunctionwithLGA,SEROCandSERRGshouldmonitor

developmentsinrelationtotheimplementationofanationalContainerDepositScheme.

Illegal dumping56. CouncilcontacttheACTGovernment,neighbouringcouncilsand

appropriateauthoritiestoascertainthelevelofinterestinworkingcooperativelyasadedicatedgroupofofficersintacklingillegaldumpingandpursuingoffenders.

57. Councilshouldmaintainadatabaseandmapofillegaldumpingincidentstoinformappropriateinterventionsformanagingandreducingitandtoidentifyincidencesofrepeatillegaldumpingactivity.

58. CouncilshouldseekfundingfromtheWasteLessRecycleMorefundingpackageforawastecomplianceofficer.

59. Installmotionactivatedcamerasintarget‘hotspots’inanefforttoreduceactivity.

60. Encouragemoredialoguebetweenrealestateagents/healthinspectorsandrangersinthequesttobetterunderstandandrespond to incidents

61. Providerealestateagentsandstratamanagerswithinformationpacksfornewtenanciesandhome-ownersareawareoftheservicesandpenaltiesfornon-complianceinparticularillegaldumping.

62. Undertakeamediacampaigntoraiseawarenessoftheissueofdumpingandthepenaltiesandenforcementactivitiesofcouncilrangers.

Event waste management Away from home recycling63. Expandtherecyclingstationstoincludemoreshoppingprecincts,

poolandsportsfieldsandparks.

64. Offerrecyclingopportunitiesatmajorsportingeventsandactivities

65. Applywaste-wiseeventmanagementtoalleventsorganisedatCouncil venues.

66. Councilconsiderthepurchaseofspecificbins,hoodsandsignagetoclearlydifferentiatewhatproductsgowhereforuseateventsandsportingfunctions.

Education67. Employafull-timewasteeducationofficerorprojectofficerto

assistwiththerolloutofcommunityeducation.

68. ContinuetoengageKeepAustraliaBeautifultodelivertheannualschooleducationprogramtoallpublicandprivateschoolswithinthe council area.

69. Markettestallgraphicsandeducationalmaterialtogaugecommunityunderstandingpriortorelease.

70. Continuetoprovideeducationinarangeofmediumsforallagesanddemographics.


72. Develop,promoteandimplementtrainingopportunitiesinorganicsmanagementincludinglowwastegardening,compostingandwormfarming.


73. Providesubsidisedwormfarmsandcompostbinsforthosehouseholdswhoparticipateintheabovetrainingandseekingtomanageorganicsonsite.

74. Offerthebroadercommunitywormfarmsandcompostbinsat cost.


76. Promotebusinessesandsolutionsforpeoplewishingtodonateorrecycleitems.

77. Whenthenewcollectioncontractsarepreparedin2014,thesuccessfultenderershouldberequiredtoprovideafixedannualfeetowardseducationtosupportarangeofinitiativesthataidincommunityeducationandunderstandingoftheentire

waste service.

Commercial and Industrial78. Councilshouldconductofawasteauditofcommercialbinsto

determineweightandcompositionandsubjecttothefindingsundertakeareviewoffeesandchargesifbinsarefoundtobesubstantiallyheavierthanresidentialbinstopreventcrosssubsidisation.

79. Exploreopportunitiestoforgegreaterlinkswiththebusinesscommunity.

80. Promotewastecollectionservicestothebusinesscommunitybyofferingmultipleliftsof240Lbins.

81. Duringthenegotiationsforthenextcollectioncontract,seek

supportfromtenderersastohowtoprovidegreatersupporttothebusinesscommunity.

82. Counciltopromoterecyclingservicesofferedtothecommercialandindustrialsectorincludingthenewandemergingorganicscollectionservicesaswellastraditionalservicesforcardboardandglass.

83. CouncilshouldcontinuetopromoteandsupporttheACTSmartBusinessProgram,ascurrentlyrecognitionoftheprogramislow.

84. CouncilpromotetheBinTrimandSustainabilityAdvantageprogramstothebusinesscommunityasfreeorgovernment-assistedprograms.

85. SupportthetrainingofaCouncilstaffmemberintheBinTrimtoolandthenundertakeoutreachtothebusinesscommunityonwastemanagement.

Regional collaboration86. Continuetoworkcollaborativelywithintheregionforthebenefit

ofthememberstogaineconomiesofscale,improvedoperationalefficienciesandimprovedresourcerecoveryoutcomes

87. in partnership with sERRG & sERoC consider the opportunity ofestablishingaSustainabilityHubtoco-locatecomposting,recycling,resourcerecovery,reuse,repair,educationcentrewithdemonstrationgardensshowcasingrenewableenergyandwaterwiseplantswithon-siteorganicmanagementandencouragingnewsmallbusinessopportunities.

QuEAnbEyAn City CounCil WAstE And REsouRCE RECovERy stRAtEGy PAGE 69

9.2 Action PlanBasedontherecommendationsoutlinedabove,theActionPlanonthefollowingpagesoutlinesthepriorityrequiredfor74actionsforCounciltocomplywiththestrategy.TheActionPlanwillassistCouncilinbusinessplanningandshouldbereviewedannually,costedandincorporatedintotheforwardplanningestimatesandoperationalbudget.Theshadingdenotestheyear/stheactionshouldbeimplementedbyCouncilandpriorityreferstothetimeframeforaction:

• Continuous(C)–existingornewactivitiesforthelifeofthestrategy.

• High(H)–withintwo(2)years.

• Medium(M)–withinthree(3)–five(5)years.

• Low(L)–withinfive–10years.

QuEAnbEyAn City CounCil WAstE And REsouRCE RECovERy stRAtEGyPAGE 70

Table 10 – Action plan 2013–2023

No. Action Priority 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 2020/21 2021/22 2022/23Rural waste services

1Offertheruralcommunityanoptional240Lgarbageserviceand/or240Lrecyclingbin,servicedonalternatefortnights

H

2Closetherecyclingdrop-offfacilityatFernleighParkfollowingintroductionoftheaboveservices

H

General waste

3Offerthecommunityanoptional80Lgeneralwastebinforlowwastegeneratorsatareducedwastecharge–linkedto2015contract

H

Recycling service

4

Improverecyclingrecoverythroughincreasedawareness/educationprograms–endeavourtocapture50%ofcurrentrecyclablesingeneralwastebinandreducecontaminationto<10%

H

5Developand/orimplementarecyclingbincontaminationpolicywhichcanrevokeservicewherethereareseriousandcontinualissues

H

6Councilengageabinauditortoroutinelyinspecteveryrecyclingbinpriortocollectiontoidentifyoffendinghouseholds(earlieriffundspermit)

H

7Whereadditionalrecyclingbincapacityisrequired,provideasanoptiona360Lrecyclingbinatminimaladditionalcharge.

H

8MaintainthecurrentcontractualarrangementswithACTNOWasteandRemondisinrelationtoacceptanceandprocessingofallrecyclablesgeneratedbyCouncil.

C

Garden waste service

9Whereadditionalgardenwastebincapacityisrequired,Councilprovideadditional240Lbinoncost-recoverybasis

H


No. Action Priority 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 2020/21 2021/22 2022/23

10

Developacomprehensivebusinessplantoconsideralloptions,costsandrisksinrelationtocollection,transport,processingandmarketingofthefinishedproductfromboththeself-hauledandexistinggardenwastecollection.

H

11 Promotemulchsalestothecommunity H

Garden and food waste

12Undertakeacomprehensivebusinessplantoconsiderthefullrangeofoptions,costsandrisksforacombinedfoodandgardenwasteservice

H

13

ApplytotheStateGovernment‘WasteLessRecycleMore’grantfundingtooffsetthecostofimplementationbasedon$35/Hhldand$20,000forwaste audit

H

14Conductatrialtoascertainthetake-uprate,contaminationratesandissuesassociatedwithfood/greenwastecollectionandservices.

H

15

Councilreviewtrialby• conductawasteaudittoquantifyparticipation,

contamination,diversion,recoveryandcarbonreductionimpact

• conductsurveyregardingcollectionfrequencytodetermineifchangesshouldbeintroducedtothegarden/foodandgeneralwastebins

H

16Introduceasource-separatedfoodwastecollectionservicetoallhouseholdswithanexistinggardenwastebin

H

17Provideeachhouseholderwithanew240LventilatedMGB,kitchencaddyandsupplyofbio-bags–March2015

H

18Engageafull-timewasteeducationofficeroncontractfor12months

H

19Offeran‘optin’serviceformed-densityhousingwherethebodycorporatenominatetheirbuildingtobepartoftheprogram

M


No. Action Priority 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 2020/21 2021/22 2022/23Waste Minimisation Centre

20InstallnewandimproveddirectionalsignageregardingthelocationoftheWAMI

H

21

Investigatereconfigurationoftheexistingsitetoofferanexpandeddrop-offareaforlowtoxicproblemwastesasdefinedbytheNSWEPA–gasbottles/fireextinguishers,paint,leadacidbatteries,florescenttubes,smokedetectorsandusedmotoroil

H

22Applyfor‘WasteLessRecycleMore’fundinggrantfundingtoprovidenewandupgradeexistingdrop-offfacilitiesforlowtoxicproblematicwaste

H

23CouncilenterintonegotiationswithSEROCandDHLinrelationtoprovidingapermanente-waste(computer,peripheralsandtelevisions)collectionpointattheWAMi

H

24SupportSEROC/SERRGtocoordinatearegionaltenderforprocessingofmattresses

H

25

ProvideexpandedfacilitiesattheWAMIformobilephones,tonercartridges,scrapmetal,usedchemicals,unwantedbutreusablehouseholditems,clothingandtextiles.

H

26InvestigateanalternativelocationfortheoperationoftheMen’sShed

H

27Installweighbridgeforaccuratedatarecordingofalldeliveries in and out of the facility

28EstablishaDrumMustercompoundforusedplasticagriculturalcontainers

M


No. Action Priority 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 2020/21 2021/22 2022/23

29LobbythefederalgovernmenttoextendEPRonalle-waste,mattresses,gasbottles,fireextinguishers,paintandsmokedetectors

C

30Councilsupportandpromotetheintroductionofaregionalmattressrecyclingprogram.

H

31

ConductafeasibilitystudyintothevariousoperatingmodelsinotherlocationstoassistindeterminingthepreferredstructuretosuitCouncil’sriskprofileinrelationtothefutureoperationofareuseshop.

M

32

EngagewithlocalcharitiesandundertakeanEOIwiththelocalcommunitytodeterminethelevelofinterestinoperationofareuseshopataCouncil-providedfacility as social enterprise

M

33Investigateanalternativelargersiteanddevelopamasterplanforallrecycling/reuseactivitiesinthesamelocation

M

Bulky waste clean-up service

34Maintainbulkywasteservicetotwiceperannumforsinglehouseholdsintheurbanareaswithadditionalservicesonafeeforserviceor‘payasyougo’basis

H

35Maintainbulkywasteserviceinmed-densityareastotwo per year

H

36Maintainthecurrentserviceleveltoruralcommunityof two scheduled services per year.

H

37Promotetrash-and-treasuredaysorsecond-handSaturday/Sundaytoencouragereuse

H

38Continuetoreviewopportunitiestomaximisediversionofhardwastefromlandfill

C

Litter management

39Councilcontinuetosupportandpromotelitterreductioninitiatives

C


No. Action Priority 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 2020/21 2021/22 2022/23Container Deposit Scheme (CDS)

40CouncilmonitordevelopmentsrenationalCDSprogram.

C

Illegal dumping

41

ContactACTGovernmentandlocalpolicetodetermineinterestinworkingcooperativelyasadedicatedgroupofofficersintacklingillegaldumpingandpursuingoffenders.

H

42Seekfundingifappropriatefrom‘WasteLessRecycleMore’fundingpackage

H

43Establishandmaintainadatabaseandmaptoidentifyincidencesofrepeatillegaldumpingactivity

C

44Installmotionactivatedcamerasintarget‘hotspots’inanefforttoreduceactivity

C

45Workcooperativelywithrealestateagentsensuringallnewtenanciesandhome-ownersawareoftheservicesandpenalties

C

46Encourageongoingdialoguebetweenrangers,healthsurveyors,realestateagentsandstratamanagerstoreducedumpingincidents.

C

47UndertakeamediacampaigntoraiseawarenessoftheissueofdumpingandthepenaltiesandenforcementactivitiesofCouncilrangers

C

Event waste management

48Applywaste-wiseeventmanagementprinciplesforeventsorganisedatCouncilvenues.

C

49Providerecyclingopportunitiesatshoppingprecincts,swimmingpool,sportsfieldsandparks

C

50Councilconsiderthepurchaseofspecificbins,hoodsandsignagetoclearlydifferentiatewhatproductsgowhereforuseateventsandsportingfunctions.

C


No. Action Priority 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 2020/21 2021/22 2022/23Tender for collection and processing

51

Preparetenderdocumentsforanewwastecollectioncontractforurbanareaswithvariablebinsizeincluding:

• Generalwaste80L–240L,recycling240L–360L&gardenorganics240L

• Provideoptionsbasedonexistingandalternativedestinationsbasedonextratime/distancefor:

• gardenorganics/food• residualwastefromgeneralwastebin• Seekpricesto:• deliverandservicespecialeventactivities• providerecyclingservicestoC&I• requireafinancialcommitmenttoeducation• includeRFIDforbinsandvehicles• fuel-efficientvehicles

H

52IssueanEOIformed/long-termwasteprocessingoptionsofresidualwaste

M

53EnsurecontractualarrangementsinplacewithACTNOWaste/Remondisinrelationtoacceptanceandprocessingofallrecyclables

H

54

ThatCouncilseekEOIfrominterestedpartiesto:•processtheexistingstockpileof7,000– 10,000m3ofgardenwasteintogradessuitableforsale

• receiveandprocesstheestimated3,000tgardenorganicsdeliveredtotheWAMI

• Receiveandprocesstheanticipated1800tofgardenwastearisingfromthegardenorganicskerbsidecollectionOR3,500tgarden/foodwastefromkerbsidecollection

• 4,000tstockpileofbio-solidsfromQCCSTP• 850tpaofbio-solidsfromQCCSTP

H


No. Action Priority 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 2020/21 2021/22 2022/23Education

55Communicatetothecommunitytherangeofbinsizesandfeeoptionsavailable

C

56EngageKABCtodelivertheannualschooleducationprogramtoallpublicandprivateschoolswithintheCouncil area

C

57Markettestallgraphicsandeducationalmaterialtogaugecommunityunderstandingpriortorelease.

H

58Continuetoprovideeducationinarangeofmediumsforallagesanddemographics

C

59Developbinstickersforplacementoneithertheoutsideofallbinlidsorfrontofbin.

H

60Develop,promoteandimplementtraininginorganicsmanagementincludinglowwastegardening,composting,wormfarming

C

61Providesubsidisedwormfarmsandcompostbinsforthosehouseholdsattendingtrainingandseekingtomanageorganicsonsite

C

62Providewormfarmsandcompostbinsatcostforthebroadercommunity

H

63PromotetheStateGovernment‘LoveFoodHateWaste’programandwebsite

C

64Promotebusinessesandsolutionsforpeoplewishingtodonateorrecycleitems.

C


No. Action Priority 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 2020/21 2021/22 2022/23Regional collaboration

65Continuetoworkcollaborativelywithintheregionforthebenefitoftheregion

C

66

InpartnershipwithSERRG&SEROC,considertheopportunityforaSustainabilityHubtoco-locateresourcerecovery,educationfacilities,reusecentreandsmallbusinessopportunities

C

Development Control Plans

67DevelopaDCPforgarbagestorageareasfortoensuresufficientspaceandaccessforservicing

H

Commercial and Industrial

68Conductwasteaudittodetermineweightandcomposition

H

69 Reviewpricingpolicybasedonauditresults H

70PromotewastecollectionservicestotheC&Isectorbyofferingmultipleliftsof240Lbins

M

71CounciltopromoteexistingrecyclingandorganicsservicesofferedtotheC&Isector

M

72CouncilcontinuetopromoteandsupporttheFreeACTSmartBusinessProgram

M

73SupportthetrainingofaCouncilstaffmemberintheBinTrimtoolandthenundertakeoutreachtothebusinesscommunityonwastemanagement

H

74CouncilpromotetheBinTrimandSustainabilityAdvantageprogramstothebusinesscommunityasfreeorgovernment-assistedprograms

H


Australian Packaging Covenant –Thevoluntaryco-regulatoryarrangementbetweenindustryandalllevelsofgovernment.Whenindividualorganisationssignthecovenanttheyagreetoundertakecertainactionstoreducewasteandincreaserecycling.Thosethatdonotsignthecovenantaresubjecttopenaltymeasuresenforceablebystategovernment.

Commercial and industrial waste (C&I) – Solidwastegeneratedbythebusinesssectorasaresultofinstitutional,commercial,manufacturingorindustrialactivity,aswellassolidwastescreatedbystateandfederalgovernmententities,schoolsandtertiaryinstitutions.Doesnotusuallyincludewastefromconstructionanddemolition(C&D)activities.

Co-mingled collection – Pick-upandtransportationofmixed,dry,recyclablematerials.

Composting –Theprocessofcontrolledbiologicaldecompositionoforganicwastes.Compostingcantakeplaceonmaterialsseparatedfromthewastestreameitheratthesource,intheinitialstagesofarecoveryprocesssuchasbackyard,neighbourhoodandregionalfacilities,oritcanbeaccomplishedinlargequantitiesinwindrows,staticpilesandenclosedvessels.

Construction and demolition waste (C&D) – Wastearisingfromresidential,civilandcommercialconstructionanddemolitionactivities,suchasfillmaterial(forexample,soil),asphalt,bricksandtimber.Doesnotincludewastefromthecommercialandindustrialwastestream.

Diversion rate – Thepercentageofthewastestreamdivertedfromdisposal.

Domestic waste –Wasteproducedfromhouseholddwellingsusuallyplacedon

thekerbsideforcollectionbyacouncilorcouncilcontractors.

Dry recyclables –Recyclablematerials,excludingorganicsandfood.

E-waste –Anymanufacturedproductcontainingelectricorelectroniccomponents.Usuallyreferstocomputerequipment,suchasdesktopandlaptopdevices,monitors,printersetc.,butalsoincludesDVDandvideoplayers,MP3players,televisions,lighting,electronictools,toys,leisureandsportingequipment,medicalequipment,industrialmonitoringandcontrolequipmentandvendingmachines.ReferredtoasWEEE(WasteElectricandElectronicEquipment)inEurope.

Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) –Manufacturersofconsumerproductsshouldberesponsibleforthefulllifecycleoftheirproducts,fromoriginalmanufacturingtofinaldisposal.EPRisalsoknownasProductStewardship,ManufacturerResponsibilityorCradle-to-grave.

Garden organics – Organicsderivedfromgardensources,forexample,grassclippings,treeprunings,etc.

Gasification –Aprocessthatconvertswasteunderpressureatahightemperature(>700oC)intosyntheticgas(syngas),whichcanthenbeusedasafuel.Syngasisacombinationofcarbonmonoxide,hydrogenandcarbondioxide.

Green waste –Averybroadtermgenerallytakentomeanvegetativeorganicmattergeneratedinhouseholdsorgardensbutnotincludingfoodwaste.Inabroaderdefinition,itcouldincludefoodwasteandotherorganicmaterial.Alsoreferredtoasgardenwaste,vegetation,greenorganics,yardwasteorgardenorganics.

Appendix A – Definitions


Hard waste collection – Aperiodiccollectionofmaterialfromhouseholdsotherthantheregulargarbageservice.Usuallycomprisesgardenwaste,largehouseholditems,furniture,etc.Alsoknownashardwasteorbulkywaste,whichalsoreferstothematerialitself.

In-vessel composting –Compostinginanenclosedcontainersothatthebiologicaldecompositionoforganicmaterialcanbecontrolled,therebyacceleratingthedecompositionprocessandcapturinggasestoreduceodours.

Kerbside recycling –Systemofrecyclinginwhichthegeneratorsegregateswastesaccordingtomaterialtypeandplacesthemincontainersonthekerbsideforseparatecollection.Normallyreferstodomesticwaste.

Landfill –Asiteforthedisposalofgarbageandotherwastematerialsbyburial.Intheirsimplestform,alandfilliseitheraholeinthegroundoradesignatedtippingareaaboveground.Itmayormaynotbefenced,staffedorsignposted.Sophisticatedlandfillsusuallyhaveoneormoreweighbridges,sealedroads,linedandmanageddisposalcells,compactorsandotherplant,dustsuppressionequipment,fencingandsignposts,gasrecovery,leachateandstormwatertreatmentequipment,aswellasotherareasfordisposingofseparatedwastes.

Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) –Afacilityatwhichrecyclablematerialsareseparatedintoindividualcommoditiesusingavarietyofmechanicalandmanualsortingtechniques.Initsbasic,mechanisedform,aMRFconsistsofaconveyorbeltonwhichco-mingledrecyclablesaretippedatoneendand,asthebeltmoves,itemsareremovedaccordingtotype.Apartfrompickingbyhand,mechanicalseparationmethodsincludetumblingdrums(trommels),magnets,opticalsorters,rotatingdiscs,blownair,inclinedmovingbelts,vibratingtraysandrubberflapsandotherdevices.

Municipal waste – Solidwastecollectedbyorontheorderofmunicipalities.Itincludeswastegeneratedfromdomestic(household)premisesandlocalgovernmentactivitiessuchasbuildingandrepairs,street-sweeping,litterandstreettree-lopping.Mayalsoincludesomewasteoriginatingfromcommercialactivities,officebuildings,institutionssuchasschoolsandgovernmentbuildings,andsmallbusinessesthatusemunicipalservices.

Organic waste –Thepartofthewastestreamthatsolelycomprisesanimalorvegetablematterandtypicallyfromwhichcompostcanbecreated.Typicallyitincludesgardenwaste,untreatedwood,vegetables,fruits,cereals,bio-solids,manures,fattyfoods,meat,fish,etc.

Putrescible waste –Wastethatdecomposes,suchasfoodscraps.

Recovery rate – Theamountofmaterialrecoveredfromaproductgroupasapercentageofoverallconsumption.

Refuse-derived fuel (RDF) –Fuelderivedfromeitheruntreatedwasteorwastethathasbeentreatedandprocessedtogiveacleanerburningfuel.

Renewable energy –Anysourceofenergythatcanbeusedwithoutdepletingits reserves.

Residual –Wastethatrequireshandlinginadisposalfacility(forexample,alandfill)andmaycomprisenon-recyclablewastematerialsfromaMRForotherprocessingfacilityorcompostingoperation.

Source separation – Physicalsortingofthewastestreamintoitscomponentsatthepointofgeneration.

QuEAnbEyAn City CounCil WAstE MAnAGEMEnt And REsouRCE RECovERy stRAtEGyPAGE 80 QuEAnbEyAn City CounCil WAstE MAnAGEMEnt And REsouRCE RECovERy stRAtEGy

Transfer station –Anintermediatefacilityforthedisposalofgarbageandothermaterialsfromtypicallysmallvehicles,whichisthenconsolidatedandtransferredbywayoflargertrucks,forexampletransfertrailers,byroad,orbyrail,toalandfillorotherfacilityfordisposalorrecycling.

Waste Management Hierarchy – Theconceptthatwasteshouldbedealtwithaccordingtoastructureofactionsofdecreasingpriority,startingwithreducingit,thenreusingit,thenrecyclingit.Initssimplestform,theWasteManagementHierarchyisoftengivenas‘Reduce,Reuse,Recycle’butthereareothervariationsincluding‘Reduce,Reuse,Recycle,Dispose’,‘Reduce,Reuse,Recycle,RecoverandResidualsManagement’,‘Avoidance,Reuse,Recycling,RecoveryofEnergy,Treatment,Containment,Disposal’.

Waste-to-energy (WtE) –Recoveryofenergyinwastebyheatexchangefromhotcombustiongases.Itmaybeusedforthegenerationofheatandelectricity.

Documents

waste and resource recovery strategy 2013–2023Qu · 2017. 10. 24. · QuEAnbEyAn City CounCil WAstE And REsouRCE RECovERy stRAtEGy PAGE 7 A number of federal and state government