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CONTROL OF TOXIC CHEMICALS IN PUGET SOUND
ASSESSMENT OF SELECTED TOXIC CHEMICALS IN THE PUGET SOUND BASIN, 2007-2011
Washington State Department of Ecology
King County Department of Natural Resources
Ecology - Presentation for Salish Sea Conference - 10/25/2011 - Preliminary Results
Ecology - Presentation for Salish Sea Conference - 10/25/2011 - Preliminary Results
What will be covered …
Background on the Puget Sound Toxics Loading Analysis
Key Elements of the Assessment ReportSourcesLoading and PathwaysHazard Evaluation
Approach to Prioritizing Near-Term Actions
Puget Sound Toxics Loading Analysis(PSTLA)
The overall goal of PSTLA …
… is to provide scientific information that will help guide decisions about how to best to direct and prioritize resources and strategies for controlling toxic chemicals in the Puget Sound basin.
Ecology - Presentation for Salish Sea Conference - 10/25/2011 - Preliminary Results
Phased approach
Ecology - Presentation for Salish Sea Conference - 10/25/2011 - Preliminary Results
Initial estimates and data gaps (2007)• Surface runoff• Atmospheric deposition• Wastewater discharges• Combined sewer overflows• Spills to marine waters
best available information
Improved load estimates (2008-2010)
• Surface runoff• Wastewater discharges• Ocean data
•T-BiOS• Sediment-Biota Flux Data and models
Targeting priority toxics sources (2008-2011)LOADING STUDIES• Surface runoff• Atmospheric deposition • Wastewater discharges• Ocean exchange• Groundwater
• Pelagic Food Web• PPCPs in WWTPs• Primary Sources Field Data and models
Toxic Chemicals in Puget Sound
Where do they come from?
How much is being delivered?
What delivery pathways contribute to the loading?
What is the relative toxic hazard posed by these chemicals at observed concentrations?
Ecology - Presentation for Salish Sea Conference - 10/25/2011 - Preliminary Results
Chemicals of Concern
MetalsHalogenated
Organics Other Organics
Arsenic PCBs PAHs
Cadmium PBDEs DEHP
Copper Dioxins/Furans Triclopyr
Lead DDT Nonylphenol
Mercury Petroleum
ZincEcology - Presentation for Salish Sea Conference - 10/25/2011 - Preliminary Results
Ecology - Presentation for Salish Sea Conference - 10/25/2011 - Preliminary Results
Toxic Chemicals in Puget Sound
Where do they come from?
Ecology - Presentation for Salish Sea Conference - 10/25/2011 - Preliminary Results
Primary Sources Initial Releases from Sources
Preliminary EstimatesAnthropogenic ReleasesOngoing Releases
Does Not include:Natural SourcesLegacy PollutionPathways
Ecology - Presentation for Salish Sea Conference - 10/25/2011 - Preliminary Results
Total Annual Releases (t)
Petroleum 10,000
Zinc 1,000
Lead 500
Total PAH 300
Copper 200
Triclopyr 100
DEHP 40
Total PCB 2
Cadmium 1
Arsenic 0.8
Total PBDE 0.7
Mercury 0.5
Nonylphenol 0.2
Dioxins/Furans 0.00001
Ecology - Presentation for Salish Sea Conference - 10/25/2011 - Preliminary Results
Ecology - Presentation for Salish Sea Conference - 10/25/2011 - Preliminary Results
Railroad Maintenance Equipment EmissionsAirport Service Equipment Emissions
Asphalt - totalCigarette smoke
Residential Fuel Combustion, except WoodAgricultural Equipment Emissions
Logging Equipment EmissionsResidential Yard Waste Burning
Light Duty Diesel Vehicle EmissionsIndustrial Equipment Emissions
Locomotive EmissionsRoofing materials - total
Other Industrial and Military FacilitiesRecreational Boat Emissions
Coal tar sealantsRecreational Equipment Emissions
Tire wearGas Station Emissions
Construction Equipment EmissionsHeavy Duty Diesel Vehicle Emissions
Commercial Equipment EmissionsPetroleum Refineries
Aluminum MillsPulp and Paper Mills
Lawn and Garden Equipment EmissionsAir Emissions from Ind/Com/Institut. Sources
Residential Trash BurningPetroleum spills, leaks, and improper motor oil disposal
Heavy Duty Gasoline Vehicle EmissionsCreosote Treated Utility poles
Light Duty Gasoline Vehicle EmissionsCreosote Treated Railroad ties
Creosote Treated Marine pilings - totalWoodstoves and Fireplaces
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%
0.0020.020.02
0.03)0.040.040.050.10.20.30.50.60.60.90.90.91.01.21.31.82.02.3302.6903.2105.05.26.5
1111
1729
4354
107
Percent of Total Release
Total = 310 t/yr
PAH Releases
Ecology - Presentation for Salish Sea Conference - 10/25/2011 - Preliminary Results
CCA-treated wood
Metal Foundries
Air Emissions from Ind/Com/Institut. Sources
Other Industrial and Military Facilities
Aquatic-use algaecides in pools, fountains, spas, etc.
Tire wear
Naval Shipyard
Micronutrients
Agricultural use of pesticides - total
Antifouling paint - total
Army Base
Roofing materials - total
Brake pad wear
Plumbing fixtures, pipes, and solder
Urban lawn & garden use of pesticides
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%
0.06
0.22
0.44
0.83
1.50
1.9
5.12
5.44
10
25
23
27
39
73 (1.1 - 73)
Percent of Total Release
Total = 180 - 250 t/yr
37
Copper Releases
Toxic Chemicals in Puget Sound
How much is being delivered?
What delivery pathways contribute to the loading?
Ecology - Presentation for Salish Sea Conference - 10/25/2011 - Preliminary Results
Total Annual Loads (t) Petroleum 330 - 550
Zinc 140 - 240
Copper 33 - 80
Arsenic 14 - 25
Lead 4 - 12
DEHP 2 - 3
Total PAH 0.2 - 1
Triclopyr 0.6 – 0.7
Cadmium 0.05 – 0.5
Mercury 0.1 – 0.4
Total PBDE 0.03 – 0.05
Nonylphenol 0.02
Total DDT 0.002 – 0.03
Total PCB 0.003 – 0.02
Dioxins/Furans NA
Ecology - Presentation for Salish Sea Conference - 10/25/2011 - Preliminary Results
Ecology - Presentation for Salish Sea Conference - 10/25/2011 - Preliminary Results
POTWsSurface Runoff
Atmos.Dep.
GroundWater
As
Cd
Cu
Pb
Hg
Zn
Ecology - Presentation for Salish Sea Conference - 10/25/2011 - Preliminary Results
POTWsSurface Runoff
Atmos.Dep.
GroundWater
PCBs
PBDE
DDT
DEHP
LPAH
HPAH
cPAH
TotalPAH
Toxic Chemicals in Puget Sound
What is the relative toxic hazard posed by these chemicals at
observed concentrations?
Ecology - Presentation for Salish Sea Conference - 10/25/2011 - Preliminary Results
Hazard Evaluation Media/Receptors:
Surface WaterSedimentsTissue ResidueWildlifeHuman Health
Compared Observed Concentrations (90th Percentile) to Thresholds
“Priority 1” if Observed (90th %ile) Exceeds Threshold
Ecology - Presentation for Salish Sea Conference - 10/25/2011 - Preliminary Results
Ecology - Presentation for Salish Sea Conference - 10/25/2011 - Preliminary Results
Ecology - Presentation for Salish Sea Conference - 10/25/2011 - Preliminary Results
Ecology - Presentation for Salish Sea Conference - 10/25/2011 - Preliminary Results
Ecology - Presentation for Salish Sea Conference - 10/25/2011 - Preliminary Results
No Overlap:
Priority 2 Level of Concern
Ecology - Presentation for Salish Sea Conference - 10/25/2011 - Preliminary Results
Ecology - Presentation for Salish Sea Conference - 10/25/2011 - Preliminary Results
Overlap:
Priority 1 Level of Concern
Hazard Evaluation – Priority 1 COCsSurface Water Sediments Tissue
Residue Wildlife Human Health
Copper Arsenic PCBs Mercury PCBs
Mercury Cadmium PCBs PCDD/Fs
Zinc Copper PCDD/Fs DDT
PCBs Mercury DDT PAHs
DDT Zinc DEHP
PCBs
PAHs
DEHP
Ecology - Presentation for Salish Sea Conference - 10/25/2011 - Preliminary Results
Not Analyzed: • PBDEs• Triclopyr
• Petroleum
Prioritizing Near-Term Actions
Priority 1 Hazard for at least two categories
Large Opportunity for Source Control
Substantial Loading to Puget Sound
Ecology - Presentation for Salish Sea Conference - 10/25/2011 - Preliminary Results
COCs and Sources for Near-Term Actions
CopperUrban and Agricultural Pesticides
Roof RunoffCopper and Zinc
○ Phthalates and Cadmium
PAHsCreosote treated WoodWoodstovesVehicle Emissions
PetroleumMotor Oil Drips and LeaksMinor Gasoline Spillage at PumpMarine Engine Oil and Gas LeaksEcology - Presentation for Salish Sea Conference - 10/25/2011 - Preliminary Results
Lessons Learned Stay Goal-Oriented
What is most important information to have?Provides direction for approach
Natural Sources and Legacy ContributionMass balance
Expand List of Chemicals AddressedApproach from effects perspective?
Ecology - Presentation for Salish Sea Conference - 10/25/2011 - Preliminary Results
Ecology - Presentation for Salish Sea Conference - 10/25/2011 - Preliminary Results
Drew AckermanJoel BakerJosh BaldiRobert BlackJon ButcherJim CowlesMichael CoxJay DavisKaren DinicolaRob DuffJoan HardyLon Kissinger
Andrew KolosseusCarol KraegeAndrea LaTierSandie O’NeillAnthony PaulsonCharles PitzScott RedmanMindy RobertsMichael RylkoNathaniel ScholzRandy ShumanAlex Stone
Ken StoneIan WesleyJim West
Primary Sources Project TeamHolly DaviesJim MaroncelliTanya RobertsDave Serdar
Assessment Project TeamJenée ColtonRichard JackDeb LesterDale NortonDave Serdar
Thanks to:
Ecology - Presentation for Salish Sea Conference - 10/25/2011 - Preliminary Results
This work was funded largely through an EPA National Estuary Program Grant
Ecology - Presentation for Salish Sea Conference - 10/25/2011 - Preliminary Results
What’s Next?
Primary Sources and Assessment Reports will be available:
○November 3, 2011
Washington State Department of Ecology Homepage
○www.ecy.wa.gov○ Click on Saving Puget Sound