Address of

Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey

Protocolary Session of the Council of the

Organization of American States

April 14, 1965

Pan American Union

Washington, D.C.

~~.-~IJ..;;,.·~.: ~-«-- - . . fll:;tq J We meet today as members of a flourishing Inter-A rr1

American system whose roots go back 139 years tm the

Congres-s of Panama convened by Simon Bolivar in 182641

~IG-.J~ Then, Bolivar saw our hemisphere as comprised of

lA independent nations, bound together by a common set

of laws which w oold govern their foreign relations and

afford them a right to survival through a general and

permanent congress . 11

~ We meet to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the

Organization of American State;, which in 1890 institu-

tionalized the idea of hemispheric cooperation in a

functioning international system1 & e meet to commemorate

the 75th anniversary of the oldest international organization

in existence, a model for other nations l who wish to m-ove

from the uncertainty of nationalism to the stability of a

functioning regional system. I am honored to accept your

_zj~~ •. . -~ •t:n;~._ invitation to be with you in the Hall of the Americas ~ on this occasionj I am honored to join the repre-

s entatives of the free Republics of Latin America, ....... ~ t' ' 'l -· 'b ' G ' ...

with whom, as President Johnson has stated, 11My -country has always felt special ties of interest and

nm I " :err ' P ' -

affection. 11 We are friends -- we are partners and - - - W' C - = MIW' »>a tsc ~w~e

good neighbors I - 'HI r ~·-a " . ·wzm -.,

I. During the past 75 years , the nations of the hemis-

pheric system have develpped instruments to preserve the

peace and security of the hemisphere.

1 The cause of peace - - peace in the hemi phere and

peace in the world -- i;:s well served by the cooperati_Ql} v ·-ao - :n iiiiif"

and s:-~~_r_i..!J which have developed in the Americas •

) Friend and ::e alike would do well to take note of this

cooperation and solidarity I For it signifies our mutual

2A-

dedication to common goals and common progress..,

}. The United States has made known its dedication to

hemispheric development p.nd security: ..... Through .. -Franklin Roosevelt's Good Neighbor policy, through

tfi ' o · > :.....t - -the Rio Pact, and through the idealism and commitment of the

--~~~----~~ =· --

Alliance for Progress 1 LThe s e American initiatives have

made the hemisphere safe while laying the groundwork for

its long-ter_m development and health.

During the past decade we have gone beyond preserving -security against -fii Er"""t

the i!!,~~:;;;al t~reat Ps,?Sed __ by economic and social inequality,~

J Building upon the previous proposals of Latin American

statesme) President Jo~~ F • .;_ .~.~nedy proposed four years

ago a new "Alliance for Progress'' to "assist free men and -•l&:u: ·· · m --.., ;;;ro..- re~~

free governments in casting off the chains of poverty-today

2B

the world knows and will long remember the change

that resulted in this hemisphere because of that

-3-

LThe Alliance for Progress represents fJ•+"' a revolution A

against human injustice and deprivation in this hemisphere, -L. As is stated in the Declaration which precedes t!-e Charter

of Punta del Este, the Alliance a ims "to unite in a common ----· .. ·' · ~ )

effort to bring our people accelerated economic progress

and broader social justice within the framework of personal

dignity and personal liberty. 11

J It is ~ m:_::ly designed to promote economic de~!::-

ment, but to bring all men in the Americas out of the shadows

of~ ~o the sunlight of human rights -- out

of the lethargy of social neglect into participation in the --.--. - a

political, social and economic life of the community.

~The Alliance for Progress represents the latest __......._.....

development of the inter-American system. Four years of

experience have deepened our understanding of this new

-4-

development, and have sharpened our perception of what the

Alliance for Progress is and what it is not. Looking at it

today, what does this new development in the inter-American

system represent?

LToday we realize that the success of the Alliance

depends on more than economic development. We realize that

for it to succeed, it must have a political content and an

ideological substance, in addition to a strong program of

economic development.

The Alliance needs symbols of hope and imagination. It -is not just a matter of satisfying physical needs and raising

material standards of living. What is equally important is

inspiring hope -- commanding the intellectual and emotional

allegiance of those who will shape the future of their country.

L What can be accomplished in a material sense in a very -

-5-

limited period of time will always fall short of expectations1 --

~This should not discourage us, What is important is that we

be prepared to give some evidence that progress is being

made, that material betterment is on the way1 and that there - - -.,

is sound reason for believing that the unmet material problems - ...... -of so~ety will be solved in the =re• ~~ &tzc:o! e,... L This means, of course, that there must be both s~t--

range socially oriented programs to give visible evidence of -------- ------immediate progres7 and long-range development projects

which are essential to the building of a viable economy.,~.:;;,h

of these must be pursued within the framework of responsible

fiscal and monetary policies essential to a growing economy•

Although the observation that Latin America is in the

midst of a political, economic and social revolution has

become a commonplace, it is true. I -.,15 11 hw 9 urs ~a iJ;.e

/

Latin Americans w/

/ century/

ves -- and thcs e whi

LToday in most Latin American nations there is burning

awareness of the enormous human cost of perpetuating

systems which are based on social inequality.(There is also

a well-developed consciousness that the system can be --changed, that significant improvement in economic and social -well-being of the people can be achieved through deliberate,

systematic, democratic political action•/:_';;:;:ty, illiteracy

and disease are no longer a load to be patiently borne, but a -burden to be cast offLThis is true in all the Americas, North ..... ... ---and South. The war on poverty is not a local war but a global

-7-

one.

The policy of peaceful social and economic revolution

1s a correct characterization of Alliance policy. We do not

hesitate to identify ourselves with it in this hemisphere, just

as President Johnson associated himself with it in his "war on

poverty" throughout the world when he recently remarked:

"If a peaceful revolution in these areas is impossible, a

violent revolution is inevitable. "

I The past four years have taught us tlR t the Alliance for

Progress must combine ····~~=••••*Ill basic reformA,M 1~

f.tJ',t}.~~ocial justice with economic develoli:ment1

ideological substance

0 " irw. ~=~~·=.J with inspiration and hopet ~zrrse ro: a:::r ::ht -Ji1S much about the implementation of specific programs of

political, social and economic development under the Alliance.

L,We understand more fully that "Latin America" is a

-8-

continent of diversified peoples, varied economies and both . .. highly advanced and seriously undeveloped regions.

I We understand that the a~s of Latin American

countries are far more important than those of the United ... States in accomplishing the goals of the Alliancg, We under-

stand that discipline and self-help are absolut ely crucial in -the achievement of our goals."/JJJ.. ~·"t/ ~~~~~IWf~~.

-~It is no surp;ise~I e, that the development of

the Alliance has been uneven, that some nations have made

great progress, othe rs much less.

~Where the indispensable ingredient of responsible

political leadership has appeared, internal mobilization of

resource¢we<J. ~here this has occurred} the infusion

• .lC..WMit._ of external capital can indeed be a stimulant to development,

~

~Of the three forms of external resources available -- aid, ----~ ....... ~· ._ ... ~---....-.~ -

-9-

trade and private investment -- all three are and will continue -.........

to be essential for the foreseeable future to the success of the

Alliance for Progress. But as Under Secretary Thomas

Mann has stated: "Unless conditions favorable to development

are created b y each country, all the aid from and trade with

w~ the outside .,.. da will not achieve the goals of the Alliance 11

11

L In implementing the Alliance for Progress we have

converted the original concept of the Alliance as a cooperative

effort into a concrete multilateral decision-making body, the

• • -Inter-American Committee for the Alliance for Progress•

Once again, the resilience and adaptability of the inter-American . .... -system has been~~~.

-10-

"'-Today ClAP is a vigorous operational instrument,

possessing the flexibility and independence which an

operational instrument must have. Our experience

with ClAP is showing that new instruments, operating .. WI •

lending

directly with g~':e,rw,rents and international~institution:s

on a day to day basis, can be harmoniously blended into -the existing inter -Amer!,;

7

a? sv~m .• e -).., This follows a si'3!!lar e){perJence with another new

and vital part of the inter-American system, the Inter-

American Development Bank1"Already the~ has made

an impressive record in assisting in economic and social

growth. Aided by the strong support of the U. S. Govern-

ment, it can play a vital role in accomplishing the e~nom~c ~ ~

integration of the hemisphere.

-ll-

New organizations like ClAP and the Inter-American

Development Bank are part of an expanding inter-American

system. They have brought order and system to bear against

complex problems which cross national boundaries. Within

this system the OAS Council will continue to play an important

rol e in settling disputes between na tions, in preserving the

p e ace and security of the hemisphere.

But if the system has been successful in meeting the

problems of the past, it must undergo new development if it is

to meet the challenge s facing us in the present. To many

perceptive observers, the most urgent step in supplementing

the programs already functioning under the Alliance for

Progress is the acceleration of economic integration 1n the

hemisphere.

Just as the nations of post-war Europe united to form a

European Economic Community, so the nations of Latin

-12-

America naturally see their own destiny more and

more in terms of an economically integrated region

of continental proportions. The development of regional

markets -- in a manner guaranteeing the efficiency which

only competition can bring -- is now Eecognized as essen-

tial to the economic growth of many Latin American countries.

We welcome the recent efforts to stimulate bold action to

achieve economic integration. As in the case of ClAP and

IDB there is no reason why arrangements developed to deal

with integration cannot be appropriately related to the other

institutions of the dynamic int:er-Ameri.can system.

We support effective economic integration because it is

essential to development under the Alliance for Progress.

We suppont it becaaae the modern Latin Americanwhich can

-13-

emerge from effective integration will be a more effective

partner in all the great common world tasks which confront

those who share the common values of Western civilization.

We support it because, as our post-war experience demon-

strates , our most fruitful and mutually advantageous trade

and financial relations are with industrialized and diversified

areas. And finally, we support it because economic integration

is a fundamental part of the of the Alliance for Progress pro-

gram to which we commited ourselves at Punta del Este.

In a year holding great promise for further growth of the

inter -American system, I would hope that two additional

subjects would be considered. Although the nations of the

hemisphere are united in their preference for representative

fiemocracy and free institutions, we have not yet perfected

-14-

institutional means of bringing the full weight of the

inter-American system to the defense of constitutional

government when it is threatened -- from either the

right or the left. This remains an urgent problem for

all nations of the hemisphere -- large and small.

Finally, it is difficult to see how the economic and

social aspirations of the people of Latin America can be

achieved if the competition in modern weapons of the

old world is emulated by the new. Surely economic

growth and social welfare are to be preferred to the

proliferation of weapons, which could only convert friend

into foe through a costly and dangerous military rivalry.

Some day we would hope to see open boundaries from

Canada to Chile , just as today is true between Mexico and

-15-

the United States, and Canada and the United States.

favor control over all modern weapons. - We hope that

careful consideration will be given to discoverjng ays of

preventing the proliferation of nuclear weapons in this

hemisphere.,..j ~ •

~If I have emphasized here today the new developments

in the inter-American system, I would not want to overlook

the solid accomplishments of the past. Nowhere is this more

evident than in the area of hemispheric security• Aided by

the Rio Treaty of 1947) we have successfully resisted

military penetration of the hemisphere by hostile powers . ... present concern with social and economic problems --

should not obscure the need for vigilance to protect the - . security of the hemisphere.L(we in the United States know

that hemispheric security is our security~ Indeed, it is

-16-

the security of everynnation of the Americas, large or

small. We must never forget that any penetration of

this area of freedom by outside powers is a threat to the

whole system. This remains as true today as it was 1n

1962.

In confronting new problems it is well to remember

that the"inter -American system has demonstrated a

capacity for growth. As our Latin American neighbors

progress along the path of economic and social moderni-

zation, they naturally will desire to enlarge their indepen-

dence, to play a more prominent role in world affain::s.

This is as it should be. The inter -American system should

naturally reflect that change.

-1 7-

There are those who contend t hat the solution to the

problems of Latin nations lies outside the hemisphere,

outside the inter -American system.

In considering the destiny of nations of the Western

hemisphere , we should all pohder the words of a bold

new statesman, the President of Chile , Eduardo Frei.

Speaking of his own country in September, 1964 , he

state€!.: 11 We certainly may share some economic

problems I with African and Asian countrie~/ as producers

of raw materials who want to project themselves into an

industrial age. But Chile belongs to the Americas, whe~ee

our ideas have been nourished by the Judeo=Christian ethics

of the western world. It is within this sphere that we must

try to resolve our problems. 11

-18-

In keeping with these views, the solution to our

present problems can be found within the inter-American

system. But the hemispheric unity presupposed by that

system need not be interpreted in any exclusive sense

that would discourage a greater Western EUJeopean contri-

bution to the social, ecnnomic and cultural development

of Latin America. We welcome our European friends,

not as rivals for power but as partners for progress.

Indeed , one of the most encouraging signs of recent years

is the increased involvement of Europe 1n Latin America,

both in terms of long -term development assistance and

expansion of existing cultural and educational programs.

Latin American countries will and should continue to

be different from both the United States and Ennope, but

they need not see their own future destiny in terms of

-19-

Lon this 75th anniversary of the OAS I have touched

J Ty on the accomplishments of the past and the

problems of the future<The record of our inter-American

system is an impressive one.

A century ago, the Argentine poet Jose Hernandez

wrote: 11 America has a great destiny to achieve in the

fate of mankind ... One day ... the American alliance will

bring world peace . . . America must be the cradle of the

great principles which are to bring a complete change in the

political and social organization of other nations. 11

This week we observe the 20th anniversary of the death

of Franklin Roosevelt, whose Good Neighbor policy helped to

foster that change.

-20-

/le sq,) r;,u_ J (,.)C ret?..ffirH-t To J&~y 14&..-f

:9. Roosevelfv.. 11 The only limit to our realization of

tomorrow will be our doubts of today. Let us move

forward with a strong and active faith. rr

ADDRESS OF Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey

Protocolary Session of the Council of the Organization of American States

April 14, 1965

(text as delivered)

Mr. Chairman, Ambassador Plate, Dr. Mora, and the dis­tinguished Ambassadors of the Americas. It is so good and refreshing to be here with you, my brothers and sisters of the Americas, in this "Casa de las Americas." This House of the Americas is a beautiful home and one that is very dear to all of us.

We meet today as members of a flourishing inter-American system whose roots go back 139 years to the Congress of Panama convened in 1826 by that great patriot of this Hemisphere, Simon Bolivar. Then, Bolivar saw our Hemisphere as "independent nations bound together by a common set of laws which would govern their foreign relations and afford them a right to survival through a general and permanent congress." He was a man of vision and history.

We meet today to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the Organization of American States, which in 1890 institutionalized this idea of hemispheric cooperation into a functioning international system. We meet to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the oldest and, I think, the most successful international organization in existence, a model for other nations who wish to move from the uncertainty of nationalism to the stability of a functioning regional system. So, Mr. Chairman, Ambassadors, and fellow Americans, I am honored to accept your invitation to be with you in this Hall of the Americas on this memorable occasion.

I am honored to join the representatives of the free republics of Latin America, with whom, as President Johnson has stated, "My country has always felt special ties of interest and affection."

We are friends; we are partners ; and we are good neighbors. Let me pay my respects to the heroes of the Americas, the father of our own country, George Washington; one whose death we have commemorat ed and yet whose great works we have

commemorated

- 2 -

commemorated -- Abraham Lincoln; and Simon Bolivar, San Mart i n, Hidalgo, O'Higgins, Sucre, Morazan, and Marti, just to mention a few. These are names of history and they bind us together into a family of brothers and friends.

During the past 75 years, the nations of the hemispheric system have developed instruments to preserve the peace and the security of this hemisphere. We have made a distinct contribution to peace. The cause of peace -- peace in the hemisphere and peace in the world -- is well served by the cooperation and the solidarity which have developed in the Americas. Friend and foe alike would do well to take note of this living cooperation and solidarity for it has signified our mutual dedication to common goals and common progress. There is no greater service that one can perform than to build for an enduring peace. The United States has made known its dedication to hemispheric development and security through many measures and many men. We have ?one this through Franklin Roosevelt's good neighbor policy, and we are reminded of Franklin Roosevelt this week because it was just 20 years ago that he left us, after a lifetime of service to the cause of freedom. We have made known our dedication through the Rio Pact, and more recently through idealism in the commitment of the Alliance for Progress. These American initiatives have made this hemisphere safe while laying the groundwork for long-term social and economic development.

During the past decade, we have gone beyond preserving security against external threats. We have begun to confront the internal threat posed by economic and social inequality. Building upon the previous proposals of Latin American statesmen, the late, beloved President of the United States, John F. Kennedy, four years ago proposed a new charter of freedom and hope, a new "Alliance for Progress" to "assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty." I think some of us here remember that evening in the East Room of the White House when this great proposal was enunciated, and we recall so vividly the sense of the new spirit, the new strength that it gave to all of us. Today the world knows and will long remember the change and the changes that have resulted in this hemisphere because of that initiative and what has followed from it.

The Alliance for Progress is our Alliance. The Alliance represents a peaceful revolution against human injustice and deprivation here in our hemispher e . As is stated in the Declaration that precedes the Chart er of Punta del Es t e, the

Alliance

- 3 -

Alliance aims "to unite in a common effort to bring our people accelerated economic progress and broader social justice within the framework of personal dignity and personal liberty." It is not, however, merely designed to promote economic development -­important as that may be -- but to bring all men in the Americas out of the shadows of injustice and despair and into the bright sunshine of human rights and human dignity, to bring us out of the lethargy of social neglect and into lively participation in the political, social and economic life of the community. The Alliance for Progress represents the latest development in the life of the inter-~merican system. Four years of experience under the Alliance have deepened our understanding of this new development, and have sharpened our perception of what the Alliance for Progress is and what it is not. Looking at it today, what does this new development in the inter-American system represent? Today we realize that the success of the Alliance depends on much more than economic development. We realize that for it to succeed, it must have a political content and an ideological substance, in addition to a strong program of economic development. Man does not live by bread alone. He is also moved deeply by ideas as well as by his need for material things. The Alliance needs symbols of hope and imagination. It is not just a matter of satisfying physical needs and raising the material standards of living. What is equally important is insp1r1ng hope in the people -- commanding the intellectual and emotional allegiance of those who will shape the future of their country. What can be accomplished in a material sense in a very limited period of time will always fall short of our expectations. This should not discourage us. What is important is that we are prepared to give some evidence that progress is being made, that material betterment is on the way, and that there is sound reason for believing that the unmet material problems of society can and will be solved in the future .

. It has been said many times, but it needs to be said again, that the longest journey is the first step. My fellow Americans, we have made the first step. The first step was firm and it was one that has started us on the journey to success. I am speaking in essence of the politics of hope, because man must have hope and the belief that he can overcome

his

- 4 -

his problems -- that he can find solutions to his difficulties. This means, of course, that there must be both short-range socially oriented programs to give visible evidence of immediate progress, and long-range development projects which are essential to the building of a viable economy. It isn't a choice of one or another, the need is there for both. Both of these must be pursued within the framework of responsible government, responsible fiscal and monetary policies essential to a growing economy. To do less than that would be to thwart our hopes and would be to deceive the people.

Although the observation that Latin America is in the midst of a political, economic and social revolution has become a commonplace, it is true. Today in most Latin American nations there is a burning awareness of the enormous human cost of perpetuating systems which are based on social inequality. There is also a well-developed consciousness that the system can be changed, that significant improvement in economic and social well-being of people can be achieved through deliberate, thoughtful, systematic and democratic free political action. This is most important -- the realization by the people and their leaders that change can be brought about through orderly processes. Poverty, illiteracy and disease are no longer a load to be patiently borne but a burden to be cast off. This is true in all the Americas, North and South. The war on poverty is not just a local war, in the highways, in the byways, in the cities, in the rural areas of these United States, but it is a global war. It is the one war that this nation wants to fight and is the one war in which we ask as allies every nation on the face of the earth.

The policy of peaceful social and economic revolution is a correct characterization of Alliance policy. We do not hesitate to identify ourselves with it in this hemisphere, just as President Johnson associated himself with it in his "War on Poverty" throughout the world when he recently stated "if a peaceful revolution in these areas is impossible, a violent revolution is inevitable."

The past four years have taught us that the Alliance for Progress must combine basic reform with political freedom, social justice with economic development, ideological substance with inspiration and hope, We have also learned much about the implementation of specific programs of political, social and economic development under the terms of the Alliance. We understand more fully that "Latin America" is a continent of diversified peoples, varied economies, different cultures, and

both

- 5 -

both highly advanced and seriously underdeveloped regions. We understand that the actions of Latin American countries are far more important than those of the United States in accomplishing the goals of the Alliance. My fellow citizens of this Republic must remember that the main burden of the Alliance is not borne by this Republic but by all of the republics of the Americas. We are but a partner. We under­stand that discipline and self-help are absolutely crucial in the achievements of our goals. We understand above everything else, that the Alliance is partnership, not paternalism.

It is no surprise, therefore, that the development of the Alliance has been uneven, that some nations have made great progress, and others have made less. Where the indispensable ingredient of responsible political leadership has appeared, internal mobilization of resources has followed. Where this has occurred, the infusion of external capital and technical assistance can be a stimulant to economic development. Of the three forms of external resources readily available -- aid, trade. and private investment -- all three are and will continue. to be essential for the foreseeable future to the success of the Alliance for Progress. But as Under Secretary of State Thomas Mann stated recently: "Unless conditions favorable to development are created by each country, all the aid from and trade with the outside world will not achieve the goals of the Alliance."

In implementing the Alliance for Progress we have con­verted the original concept of the Alliance as a cooperative effort into a concrete multilateral decision-making body, the Inter-American Committee on the Alliance for Progress. Once again, the resilience and the adaptability of the inter-American system has been demonstrated. Is it any wonder that throughout this hemisphere today, the press, the columnists and the commen-· tators herald joyfully this 75th birthday of this great Organi­zation of American States? Today CIAP is a vigorous operational instrument, possessing the flexibility and independence which an operational instrument must have.

Our experience with CIAP is showing that new instruments, operating directly with governments and international lending institutions on a day-to-day basis can be harmoniously blended into the existing inter-American system. This follows a similar experience with another new and vital part of the inter-American system, the Inter~American Development Bank. Already this Bank has made an impressive record in assisting in economic and social growth. Aided by the strong support of the United States Govern­ment, the active participation and support of other members, it

can

- 6 -

can play a vital role in accomplishing the economic integration of this hemisphere.

New organizations like ClAP and the Inter-American Develop­ment Bank are part of a growing inter-American system. I emphasize this because our institutions are not static, they are not something just for the history books. They are living, viable instruments of social, political and economic progress. They have brought order and system to bear against complex problems which cross national boundaries. Within this system the OAS Council will continue to play a very important role in settling disputes between nations, in preserving the peace and security in the hemisphere and in promoting the general welfare of this hemisphere.

But if the system has been successful in meeting the problems of the past, it must undergo new development if it is to meet the challenges facing us in the present or the future. To many perceptive observers, the most urgent step in supplementing the programs already functioning under the Alliance for Progress is the acceleration of economic integration in the hemisphere. Just as the nations of post-war Europe united to form a European Economic Community, so the nations of Latin America naturally see their destiny more and more in terms of an economically integrated region of continental proportions. The development of regional markets -- in a manner guaranteeing the efficiency which only competition can bring -- is now recognized as essential to the economic growth of many Latin American countries.

We welcome the recent efforts to stimulate bold action to achieve economic integration. As in the case of ClAP and the Inter-American Development Bank, there is no reason why arrangements developed to deal with integration cannot be appropriately related to other institutions of the dynamic inter­American system.

We support effective economic integration because it is essential to economic and political development under the Alliance for Progress. We support it because the modern Latin America which can emerge from effective economic integration will be a more effective partner in all the great common world tasks which confront those who share the common values of

Western

- 7 -

Western civilization. We support it because, as our post-war experience demonstrated, our most fruitful and mutually advantageous trade and financial relations are with industrialized and diversified areas of the world. Finally, we support it because economic integration is a fundamental part of the Alliance for Progress, the Alliance program to which we committed ourselves at Punta del Este.

In a year holding great promise for further growth of the inter-American system, I would hope that two additional subjects might be considered. Although the nations of the hemisphere are united in their preference for representative democracy and free institutions, we have not yet perfected institutional means of bringing the full weight of the inter-American system to the defense of representative constitutional government when it is threatened -- from either the right or the left. This remains an urgent problem for all nations d the hemisphere -­large and small.

Finally, it is difficult to see how the economic and social aspirations of the .people of Latin America can be achieved if the competition in modern weapons of the old world is emulated by the new. Surely economic growth and social welfare are to be preferred to the proliferation of costly weapons, which could only convert friend into foe through a costly and dangerous military rivalry. Some day we would hope to see open boundaries from Canada to Chile, just as today it is true from Mexico and the United States, and Canada and the United States. We favor control over all modern weapons and we hope that careful consideration will be given to discovering the ways of controlling these weapons and of preventing the proliferation of nuclear weapons in this hemisphere.

If I have emphasized here today the new developments in the inter-American system, I would not want to overlook the soli9 accomplishments of the past. Nowhere is this more evident than in the area of hemispheric security. Aided by the Rio Treaty of 1947, we have successfully resisted military penetration of the hemisphere by hostile powers.

Our present concern with social and economic problems should not obscure the need for vigilance to protect the security of this hemisphere, because there can be no progress, no social and economic development, if this hemisphere is made

the

- 8 -

the battleground for either open aggression or subversion and terrorism. We in the United States know that hemispheric security is our security. We know that your security is ours and we believe that you know that our security is yours. Indeed , hemispheric security is the security of every nation of the Americas, large or small. We must never forget that any penetration of this area of freedom by outside powers is a threat to the whole system. This remains as true today as it was in 1962.

In confronting the new problems it is well to remember that the inter-American system has demonstrated a capacity for growth. As our Latin American neighbors progress along the path of economic and social modernization, they naturally will desire to enlarge their independence, to play a more prominent role in world affairs. This is as it should be. The inter-American system should naturally reflect that change.

There are those who contend that the solution to the problems of Latin America lies outside the hemisphere, outside our inter­American system. In considering the destiny of the nations of the Western Hemisphere, we should all ponder the words of a bold new statesman, the President of Chile, Eduardo Frei. Speaking of his own country in September 1964, President Frei s!_ated this: "We certainly may share some ec.9.nomic problems Lreferring to the African and Asian countrie~/ as producers of raw materials who want to project themselves into an industrial age. But Chile belongs to the Americas, where our ideas have been nourished by the Judea-Christian ethics of the western world. It is within this sphere that we must try to resolve our problems."

It seems to me that that statement succinctly tells us where we are to look for our solutions; how we are to proceed. In keeping with these views, the solution to our present problems can be found within the inter-American system. But the hemispheric unity presupposed by that system need not be interpreted in any exclusive sense that would discourage a greater Western European contribution to the social, economic andQlitural development of Latin America. We welcome our European friends, not as rivals for power but as partners for progress. One of the most encouraging signs of recent years

is

- 9 -

is the increased involvement of Europe in Latin America, both in terms of long-term development assistance and expansion of existing cultural and education programs. Latin American countries will and should continue to be different from one another, and different from both the United States and Europe, but they need not see their own future destiny in terms of the non-Western southern half of the world.

On this 75th anniversary of the OAS I have tried to touch on the accomplishments of the past, some of the challenges and problems of the future. The record of our inter-American system, I submit to the world, is an impressive one. A century ago, the Argentine poet Jose Hernandez wrote: "America has a great destiny to achieve in the fate of mankind ... Qne day ..• the American alli­ance will bring world peace ••• America must be the cradle of the great principles which are to bring a complete change in the political and social organization of other nations." It would be well for us not only to read those words but to reflect upon them and act on them.

This week we observe not only the 75th birthday or anniversary of this great inter-American system, but with a note of sadness we observe the 20th anniversary of the death of a great friend of freedom and of the Americas, Franklin Roosevelt. President Roosevelt always inspired the people to whom he spoke; he was indeed a powerful force in a troubled world. He said, as he was penning those last words before death took him from us: "The only limit to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of today. Let us move forward with a strong and active faith." I submit that that is a challenge worthy of the Americas, and one that we should embrace and make our call to action.

* * * *

. ,

,. '

' t ~

,,, '.

i

I t. I

~ I I

' • I

----, [ l I ! • _________________ j

5{th 1\nnhtcr~w!I'Y o~ the Q;·Grm&z,:r ~o · c1 AmerEcarn ~ia'ttes~

b ~c ... ~cor~ o'i t~~c Dn1 cr-.Amoli~c:.~~ S;;~·~em

AddTess by Fice President HumphTey 1

I t is so good and refreshing to be here with you, my brothers and sisters of the Americas, in this Ca,sa, de las Am.e1·ica,s. This House of the Americas is a beautiful home and one that is very dear to all of us.

We meet today as members of a flourish­ing inter-American system whose r oots go back 139 years to the Congress of Pp.nama convened in 1826 by that great patriot of this hemisphere, Simon Bolivar. Then BoliYar saw our hemisphere as "independent nations bound together by a common set of laws which \vould govern their foreign rela­tions and afford them a r ight to survival through a gene1·al and permanent congress." He was a man of vision and history.

\Ve meet today to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the Organization of Amer­ican States, which in 1890 institutionalized t his idea of hemispheric cooperation into a functioning international system. We meet t o commemorate the. 75th anniversary of the oldest and, I think, the most suecessful international organization in existence, a model for other na tions ·who wish to move from the uncertainty of n~tionalism to the stability of a functioning regional system.

So, 1\Ir. Cha irman, Ambassadors, and

1 r.r~,de b::!:fore a }1rotoco l r ~·y ~c>ssion of th e Cvullril

of the Oq:;aniza Lion of American Stat<'s at the Pan American Union , ·wash ing-ton , D.C., on P en Amer­

ic:m Day, Ap.r . 14 ( us-dciivcNd t ext ) .

fellow Americans, I am honored to ac: r. ~ ~

your invitation to be with you in this !T.:.J of the Americas on this memorable ocr&:i o~ I am honored to join the representati\·::s ~ ~ t he free Republics of Latin America, -,,;( : ·whom, as President J ohnson has st2~c~ ,

" .. . our country has ahvays felt . . . special ties of interest and affection.'' ~

\Ve are friends ; we are partners ; and -;;·) are good neighbors. Let me pay my re.sr-.:·.:.: .:J to the heroes of the Americas : the F ath.:-:- (;

our own. c.ountry, George Waslli:r.;-~on; _C .'

\\·hose deith we have commemorated <: r.d y: ~ whose great works we have commemo~~:: !

-Abraham Lincoln ; and Simon Boli':,'..J'.

San Martin, Hidalgo, O'Higgins, ~. ~ crt

J\Iorazan, and Marti, j ust to ment ion :1 f,;-; Th ese are names of histonr. and th e~· 1-: ': :

u;; together into a family of brother~ ;,~ · friend s.

During the past 75 years, the nntior.~ <"

the hemispheric system haYe d ere.l ,);--~

instruments to preserve the PL':tre n!:d :.!: secu.riiy of this hemisphere. \Ve haver;;:;,;~· distinct contribution to peace. Tht~ r:lll ~ -~ c· peace-peace in the hemisphere and pc·:: r-c_: the world-is well served by the coop2r~, ~ ·:

and the solidarity which haYe dt:Yclc~:,~ :

the .1\ mel·icas. Friend ::tw foe alike \Y.) ~! : \Yell to take no'L' of thi ::; llVJJ Jg coo;:-~: .:: ·

• BuLLETIN uf J an . ~5, 1%5, l' · 9-L

.·. ~ (l ' i

·­..

' ,_ ' ;;

~-1'.

" '

• 1 ··o\icbrity. for it has signified our .::, ~u::l deJication to co.mp1on goals and co;n­;:' '\ !'regress. Tl~ere 1s no grcat?r ser:1ce , , •• t\\O can pcrtonn than to bulld for an . . ' ~ • :urin"' pC!~ce . .:: ~ l.', { nitcd States has made lcnown its

I .,C ,-_-.: . .-:-.tion to hemispheric development and ~x:; rity through many .measures and m:u:y ~ ... We have done th1s through Franldm 'r ,:.;;~ ,:oy~Jt's good-neighbo1: policy-and '':e :n.• nninded of Franldm lloosevelt th1s ~ ~ :; because it was just 20 years ago that ~r l, ft us, dtcr a lifetime of service to the w:''' of freedom. \Ve have made known our 1, .. : •1tic•n through the Hio Pact, and more ; .. ~~~:; . :ly th rough idealism in the commit­~;· ::t of the Alliance for Progress. These .\ t::~·:-: l·:m initiatives have made this hemi­! ~hr:' snfe, while laying the groundwork L: k:1g--tcrm social and economic develop-

'JJring the past decade, we have gone c·::-,;r.rl preserving security against external ~~- :~ .1 ts. We ha\'e begun to confront the ::.· w::~l threat posed by economic and social :::. ".Jn.lity. Building upon the previous pro­~· : ':.\:s of Latin American statesmen, the :::~ . . ' !o\·cd President of the United States, i ·:: :1 F. Kennedy, 4 years ago proposed a ~ -::« charter of freedom and hope, a new ~. ~.<..r. ('e for Progress to "assist free men and :~,~ r-ort:rnments in casting off the chains ·~ ;.:; •;t-;ly." s l i~ink some of us h ere remember that r:·::::ing in the East Room of the White .::. . ~~ when this great proposal \Vas enun­f'.:..~·-i. 1 and we recall so vividly the sense of ~ ! -! :..:w ~ p irit, the new strength, th::tt it gave •' i; (•f us. Today the world knows and _'·: ;,_. :J~: remember the change and the -~~ · :' Q.~ that haYe resulted in this hemi­•> :·t: b(-causc of that initiative and what ··~ , fC:!owcd from it. ..... ____ .

I " j • ~ } ~· , : . -~ 'tb. 6, HlGl, p. 175. l •• •n 'd ~ '· .. . nu r0ss made by President Kennedy on ;,. , t , 11 I , . , .. · "• ~,, 1, ut n White House r eception for Latin ~~·;::-:~ .l.r, c!iplomut~ and Members of Congress, see --, ·P. :3, l :JGl , p . 471.

:'t'f l~'~ •·,c-... J .. l)

The .t\ lli::mce :or Progress is our alliance . The alliance repr esents a peaceful revolu­tion against human injustice and depriva­tion here in our hemisphere. As is stated in the preamble to the Charter of Punta del Este, 5 the allim1ce aims "to unite in a com­mon effort to bring our people accelerated economic progress and broader social justice within· the framework of personal dignity a nd political liberty." It is not, however, merely designed to promote economic devel­opment-important as that may be-but to bring all .men in the Americas out of the shadows of injustice and despair and into the bright suns!1ine of human righ ts and human dignity, to bring us out of the lethargy of social neglect and into lively participation in the poliLical, social, and economic li fe of the community.

Symbols o/ tlopc and lmnginn'l;ion The Alliance for Progress represents the latest development in the life of the inter­American system. Four years of experience under the alliance have deepened our under­standing o£ this n ew development and have sharpened our perception of what the Alli­ance for Progress is and what it is not. Looking at it today, what docs this new deYelopment in the inter-American system r epresent? Today we realize that the success of the alliance depends on much more than economic development. We realize that for it to succeed it mus t have a political content and an ideological substanc-e,· in addition to a strong program of economic development. 1\Ian does not live by bread alone. He is also moved deeply by ideas as \\'ell as by his need for material things.

The alliance needs symbols of hope and imaginati0i1. It is not just. a malter of satis­fyin g physical neecrs and raising the ma­terial standards of living. What is equally important is inspiring hope in the people, commanding the intellectual and emotional alleg iance of those who will shape the future of their country. What can be accomplished in a material

• For text, see ibid., Sept. 11, 19Gl , p. 463.

727

-·-.. -- ... ·----..... -~------ ...... ~----

I I I I ' I I I I

I

I I

I

I I I I

I ' I I i

I I l

I !

r : )

.. . !

·! { _;

\· . . .

. i.

. ·.:·. I

. ·I : ,, .I

. ~

. ! i

··. I ... I

' ,· ' I l I . I

•. I ,.

! ' I I

' I

.; i

. •'

,·

' ·i ., ! ' '

·'

. l • ' J . ,, ·,

·--:·

sense in a very limited period of ~imc will

ah.rays fall short of our expectations. This

should not discourage us. What is important

is that we are pn~pared to give some evidence

that progress is being made, that material

betterment is on the way, and that there is

sound reason for believing that the unmet

material problems of society can and will be solyed in the future .

It has been said many times, but it needs

to be said again, that the longest journey is •

the first step. My fellow Americans, we

have made the f irst step. The first step was

iirm, and it was one that has started us on

the journey to success. I am speaking in .essence of the politics

of hope, because man must have hope and

the belief that h()-can overcome his problems, that he can fin.ci solutions to his difficulties.

This means, of course, that there must be

both short-range, socially oriented programs

to give visible evidence of immediate prog­

ress and long-range development projects

which are essential to the building of a viable

economy. It isn't a choice of one or another ;

the need is there for both. Both of these

must be pursued within the framework of

responsible government, responsible fiscal

and monebry policies essential to a growing

economy. To do less than that would be to

tlnvart om· hopes and would be to deceive

the people.

C!ob<JI t"Jnr on f?lovcrty

Although the observation that Lat in

America is in the midst of a political,

economic, and social revolution has bec:ome a

commonplace, it is true. Today in most

Latin American nations there is a burning

awareness of the enormous human cost of

perpetu:1ting systems which are based on

soci::tl inequality. There is also a well­

developed consciousness that the system can

be changed, that significant improvement in

economic and social \\·ell-being of people can

be achieved through deliberate, thoughtful,

systematic, and democratic free political

action . This is most. important--the realiza­

tion by the people :md their leaders tha t

728

chanO'e can be bl·vuv-ht abo ' • "' o u c tn rc:.:~:,

orderly processes. Poverty, illiteracy, and disease arc

longer a load to be patiently borne, b-}~ bunlen to be cast off. This is true in an'";~: Americas, North and South. The Vi"" :··

poverty is not just a local war, in the "'h• :~~~ lJ ~ ....

ways, in the byways, in the cities, in Q,

rural areas of these United States but it:' ' - ~ ,j.

a global war. It is the one war that t~; nation wants to fight, and it is the one.,. . , in which we ask as allies every nati l);i ·~~ the face of the earth. '

The policy of peaceful social and eccnn-.,

revolution is a correct characte rizati .1;·:,~ alliance policy. We do not hesitn~ ~;

identify ourselves with it in this h~r

sphere, just as President Johnson assc•:i~!

himself with it in his "war on porertr' throughout the world when he r~c e. ~.:>

stated, " . .. if a peaceful revolution i3 i~­

possible, a violent revolution is inevit::J'2.!: •

The past 4 years have taught us tld :l-.-;

Alliance for Progress must comhin~ C7~x

reform with political freedom, social j<Js:.: :

with economic development, ideo!ogic:1i r:~ stance with inspiration and hope. w~ !-_.:.;-:

also learned much about the imple::r: ~~­

tion of specific programs of politic.1!. :1~:;.,r~

and economic development under th!:' :,:-:-:-::: of the a lliance. We understand mor.:- !:. ":

that Latin America is a continent uf di•".:

sified peoples, varied economies, t!i::~,~:;

cultures, and both highly advanced nn;l s.:r.

ously underdeveloped regions. Wt! u::.'; · stand that the actions of Latin A.n:.•.n.-v•

countries arc far more important tll:<r1 : ;~"="

. ,. '

;, ~

~~ . ,, L •:;; ·:·.' " J.

t! j lo '-!' ~

' t.!

!: i:. ., .c

~-

t ~ ~

f.

1

.,

" ' ' I

of the United States in accomplish::~ ·-~- . ,_

goals of the alliance. My fellow citize11s of this Repub:: ::-·:~~:.

remember that the main burden oi t · c.,~;.. :

ance is not borne by this Republic b:.:: b; ''

of the Republics of the .c'uneric.'1s. \\'-: :.~''

• For rcmnrl's mndo by Prcsi(knt Jehl1!.<";: -e ~;: . . ........ ..-: .~

11, 19G4, at an informal Whit<.l Home ~~~ t~ ·· ~ ..,_..

ambassadors of Latin Amcricun natitH\!-, J."~

.June 1, 196·1, p. 854.

c .,. .. -,

DBPAH.TMENT OF STATE Ul' LUot'·'

' •. ~

btl en !1C

::.lJ p

of·

th ~· .. . j'

til

c: fJ

.. ·•

~' ll

'I

• .• )n rlncr. We understand that discipline ~~ j :\~~lf-hdp are absolutely crucial in the >.: ·\'c11lcnts of our goals. We understand ·:":~, c,·crytliing else that the alliance is ~;;~~; rship, no~ p~ternalism.

' 1 't ·. no surpnse, therefore, that the devel-,1 • t:; . __ :.:~lit of the alliance has been uneven,

' '

:'..:

. !

,·.

... )

-.

:::! ~omc nations have made great progress : ~"; ~thcrs have made less. Where the in­>:· ·'U ,~l.Jle ir.v-edient of responsible politi-~;/l~!l~icrship h.:'.s appeared, internal mobil~­f·· ·on of resources has followed . Where this ;-:~· ·currcd, the infusion of external capital ;.:J technical assistance can be a stimulant ~., c:onornic development. Of the three forms d ~·dern:tl resources readily available-aid, t:-.:(!c, :.nd private investment-all three are : -:d will continue to be essential for th~ t:-:-:;ceJ.ble future to the success of the Alli­~.::c for Progress. But, as Under Secretary . ! St:~t<! Thomas Mann stated recently : T

t' :-.!~ conditions f avorable to development are ~;-:::,:£J by cnch country, all the aid from and trade · ... ;~ t .e outside·world will not achieve the goals of t."1 11:1ian~c.

Cl..\P nnd the !nter-1\mcricnn Cnnft In implementing the Alliance for Progress

r:c h:l\'C conve:rted the original concept of !!-.: nlli:lllce as a cooperative effort into a { ·~rretc , multilateral decisionmaking body, ~'·· Inter-American Committee on the Alii­;,.:_~ for Progress. Once again, the resilience t..-.:1 U1c adaptability of the inter-American r.:.:~ ;;m has ·been demonstrated. ls it any -;-,:~c!cr that throughout this hemisphere ~ ·hy the press, the columnists, and the com­~; ,::l t:\tors herald joyfully this 7Gth birthday ·~ : tnis great Organization of American :'.:>t.e..,? Tocby CIAP is a vigorous opera­:::r:al in;;trument, possessing the fl exibility t:::i ind ependence which an operational ~!rument must have. .

O;.~r experience with ClAP is showing 1\. • • • .... ... , new mstruments, operating directly ~·;:h governments and international lend­:·~ in:; titulions on a day-to-day basis, can be

·~ 'J"n.oniously blended into the existing in---• ;:.,: , Oct. 2G, 19M, p. G93.

., y 10, 10G6

·~·-~~-'--~---~-----___ ...._....___....,_ _____ _......___... -

ter-Amcrican system. This follows a similar experience with another new and vital part of the inter-American system, the Inter­American Development Bank. Already this Bank has mac.le. an impressive record in assisting in economic and · social growth. Aided by the st rong support of the United States Government and the active participa­tion a1id support of other members, it can play a vital role in accomplishing the eco­nomic integration of this hemisphere.

New organizations like ClAP and the Inter-American Development Bank are part of a growing inter-American system. I em­phasize this because our institutions are not static ; they are not something just for the history books. They are lidng, viable instruments of social, political, and economic progress. They have brought order and sys­tem to bear against complex problems which cross national boundaries. Within this sys­tem the OAS Council will continue to play a very important role in settling disputes between nat ions, in preserving the peCJ.ce and security in the hemisphere, and in promot­ing the general welfare of this hemisphere.

U.n. £>uppo;'l: ~or tzconomic !n ... o...,.rni:ion But if 'the system has been successful in

meeting the problems of the past, it must undergo new development if it is to meet the challenges facing us in the . pr:esent or the future. To many perceptive /~bservers, the most urgent step in supplementing the pro­grams already functioning under the All i­ance for Progress is the acceleration of eco­nomic integration in the hemisphere. Just as the nations of pos twar Europe united to form a European EcQnomic Community, so the nations of Latin America naturally see their destiny more and more in terms of an economically integrated r egion of continen­tal proportions. The development of region­al markets-in a manner guaranteeing the efficiency which only competition can bring --is now r ecognized as eGsential to the eco­nomic growth of many Latin American countries.

We welcome the r ecent efforts to stim-

729

. I [ ..

I , j I

t I I I

I

. !

~__,.....-...-~~~~ .... ----..-..:.--~~.--__..... ___ ,_...._~---'----'------'-~~---~--......... . ..____. ·"" ----('' .

I 1 I

. i '.

,., , • I

' ;, ' t . ,. . ~ I

! l ;)

I . I :·' i ~ : I

•'i I

,I j

. ':'\ ' l

< ~· !.

· I

' .

ulmc boltL ud iun t:o achieve · et:(l)lllmie imc-· brl':1thm: .. As in the ~:u;8 of CL!...i? and. tlw ln{er-Am('.:ric:m Jevel o11lrw~1t Bank, t!wro iB no t"('.HSOlL \Vhy :.nT:J.llgT!?nents ( luveliql t:d to d e:1 l wiLi1 iinc~r::ttion c::tlmot IH:! aplwnprii-

.. ah".ly rcJmo.d. to t lrlu~r im;tiiut~tms uf the dynamic ·inter-, \.meri c:m.::n:.:;tem .

We· supnort cifc~(:tin1 eecmomie intc~~Dhun 13 s-:::m se it· is cssentinl to . e~~0numie and poliii- · c:1.L devc.!opmEmt under· the : Ailhme3 for E:·ogrc.s.s .. \Ve SU!11]0rt it'be<>.au.se Llw. m odern. Lmin ~~:mcTiea which c:1n emer~~c_J:'rmn ,~lfec­

ti\'C econ omic integration wilL be a . mor G ef::­fec~·i\'u lT~tr:nel' in. all the great cmmnmL worJil t::\~;]:8 -.vhic~l conu:ont thos~~ who share the common Y~tine:; of \Vcs1er71 !~ivi llz[ttion.

\\Ti~ snp11Cil't _ it lJ~·~~au.;~, as onr po3t-~vat~ u:x-11m·ie11cc ' t l·monst:·~w-:1 . om~ mu:;t fi·:.ui-.:'ul mul :n utnail~· ativ;;nta~;eous b·atie ;<nd. fimm­einl rciation:.: arc~ \\·dh i ndu:.;c:i~uizcd ::mll di ,. \'e)·::;jiied· m·0..:ls ·Ji f;; w .vor:d. Finail.c we 3HP­port it hecause 8(·:1Jwmic intug: ;nion . iu a fmulamentttl palt ·Ji the . ..llli~mc:; for. P1·og,. re.s~:, ti ic ·· allinn r.~ prcn;r:un to wbieh we com-· mittc!d om·seh·c.s at i?~mt~ tlei E.'>re.

In a yr!:n~· lw l ding- J ;n~m i)romir:e fm· f :n·­ther ~r·owth oi' cbe intr.:r-)...lnu)·ic:nr sy.stcm. , I wouid hop!:! ~~1n1 two adclitiom:J 'ntbjr~:::ts ·

might be e()n~ ; Jtl<!1'~!:i. AJ thont~h rhc 11m:: ons of. tlw ~wmisl1jwre '1rr~ •.tmi·eu in thei1· prr~i­ere1H~c~ :or rcm·csenrati\·c democr:1ey anti free :mn::turions. IW! :wvc not- _yet ~1el'::'8dcd

in m:ihttionni 'm~.<m ~: qf bnnging_ the rnl1 \V.~ij;rn: ,Jf che : lH C!l'-~!..<D l'l'ic:an c;r.ste:m l'O :~w

.teJ'cm~:~~ uf ~·Gprc::elH~d·:vc ~onstii.ut;unal :10\'­ennm~:lt ·.v~e:1 it ;:; ~ltn;ni:c:ud-fnnn eitltel' tlte 1-:g!tt or ::lw :m:~. T~1iu l'c:mnin:.: :m LIT~Cllt

l1J'cJ tJ Jt~;n .':or a.ll m~L~un:: 01' Llw lwmis:phel·e. l a1·~~e: .mtl ·:m~til.

Fin;;tl~· i is dii:f::c~:tlt i-o :-> ~7: how t;w t~ c::mumu: :UHL ;:1einl , ; :~ pir~n:i mu; ·11: c:te ;1 P.011h~

or L<L ll ' A~lH~J·ic::(· c:l\1 bE! ;wJ1il~\'Od j' the ~~JJllV!:ii:i CIJl ill . :11Uill~:!::l ··YC<1l10W1 t1f tlw ::iht. ','i'ul'Hl is <!mulmcd .JV ~!w X<!W. S 111 '0.!y '!C:~­

;wmi~ :; r·:J\Yth :mel s·:K:ial '.vclf~u·(~ <tn: to o~ prc!icn.-n:l' :o d w ~ 1 r(lilfc::::tbm 1i . . :::sllr wc~• l1 !))1~1 . wl!ie!t .::~lUll •miy eouve:::t ~:·ce~H l

inro COf! ;;ht·nu"h ;:u. CO.'>tlv an·l J u v u i rm t'rrn..,..,. militetlT t-:iV[dl'y, . ,, · .. ,:. ,,

lome day we Nnulll htm!.! tc1 :on,,

iHnmdnrie:; h'om Canada,to-C}tile ;1· ~; :·fl '~ • J ~" t.!.J: -

!lU\'<~ t o(lay )jetwee:!l 1\fe:::ieo ;.rntl :::1e C;:; ',~ ·statr~.tl, :nul Canac.b and thu tjml<:d. :; 'o·:. We ta\'Ol' t~onL::..· o1 oYer all . modm·:1 WP:~: ~~ · anli wo hone thD.t carefi1!: eonsidl!:·:tti;;·;· ·~:~ 1Je >fiv .:m. to Jiscon ::l'ing- th cr WilW! .Jf ... , . .,.,!·.: ling. t[W38: Wf>.HJJOllH: ancf OL p;CVI~ntil~;:--~ :: prolifc:r:.tion_ oL nu~ i.!al:· wcaprnu i11, t~~~ hemi~.plwrc ..

Ii:' I hanr emp}w:sizcd- hero tod:,-.r tl: r - -· devr~lo11me~nn in t !i e ii1iel'-A'inr.ri 1· :: n "T~;~~:· r wnuld not ·;vrnn tn ovr~r!onk :: i ll~ :-.o1:ri .:.;~ COlll]Jilsinne"llS • JJ' rha: flH~it. i\Tow>: L! l'P. i:: t: .... moro G'.'irleHt thnn iin t he u.rc:·L uf :; :!:~:­spht~ric se~!nr: t y. Ai Li e!i b;y tlw n.;u ;:"_·~ . ::~i ::

1947. wr!. hnvc sncco:.sfull}r n~sisn~d • n:;::::.~ ·

pfmetr:.iion of: the hemisph c"·c JY : JU:n~::.: powers.

~ :

0 1u· Dro.sent e~ncc1-n with sociai J.l:t~ ,:-::> n omie probll~:ms . should nol' lJiJ.:>cm--: the :1 ~~~

for •rigi laneG : to protc-::t the . .:Jec;UJ"t:,· •lT · ~: •.. ]! elni~ill}wre, bec:mse tl1C)'C can Uf' no ;;r-:-. ,~· l'035L _lu soc:ini and ecunumic den~~om::=::.:~

~f r:ns bemisphel'f! i:.; mr.c[e the ~:.Llle;;!·::·::~. for ,d he)· .D}1~n :1ggressiun or ;ut.r•··!· :.:;:;:; :l.nti "el·~onsm .

1y, ~ in the Cniicd 2t::m~:: l::tow rh;;t

'>1lht·1·3c se·:>.nrity i1.: onr SoC!·:::n·ity. \V.! #·· -· ·­.1. 1 ~ .1 . '

;:~1m ··om· .-.~~.::uril;:',_. i:J l1Ul'3, . :tt1 ti Y(' :Jt'!:r-.·_­: har :~·nu :-::1uw chat ' llll' secul'i t-: is :--r·: !: :~

:!:mwed. 1 H~ln i ~:l1i wl· !. l: ie-::nrJ-,. ig c:ll' :.-~: ·. ;r:;:::

or , ~,· c:::;: "H1lion ·1f cl w A.mc1·icn~;. lar::;<: ·~ mnml. \Ve: must !ll!':C!l· [or~ :c: thnr .my ~.P :: >

tr~n:un qJ: t:l n s .tr(~:t •Ji fre~dom J '' ;Jt:r:;: :.:

110\Vf•)'3 :s a e1l'c~~~t to ~:w wlioh~ 3\'.';te:l:. ~:·.:..=

rc~111i.111 :; as ·::: .. :u~ ~oda'." . t~~ it '-Vtl:.~ ,, ~~~il~.

In ·~nnil~nJlr:nt!' the :1e'.V nrni lil ·~'Tis .~ l

'W!! l :o rc1ne! llli <~r Lu~1 l·}ll~ me~! · ,~,nlT'(_:: :

::;:Y'r~ rP;n haH d t!l nun~;r:~:tr c~d ~ 1 e.:tl L\l r..:t~: "'·~ ~r :s:·c~wr;L ~l. •.< lllll' 1:..arin ~~-11w.r:e:m :wi>::.: ,~·-: lH'O);:::·e::s aluJH; i·~m )a til · 1f l~::~llllllTi:c .. 1..::::: social modernization, tiwY naw :-::il~: .. , :;

·. ! .

,.

~- __ .. __ ~ ____ _,_____

. ; 1·~ to enlarge their indepenClence, to play ~ ·:.;.() prominent r ule in world affairs. This · ;. it ~hould be. The inter-American sys-1 ,. J

_1 ~ . 1 ould naturally reflect that change. · : ::ere are those ·who contend that the '··'ion to the problems of Latin America - .'~"outside the hemisphere, outside our · -~-r-;\mcric:m system. In considering the ·; :;:nr of the nations of the Western Hemi­· <~r~ we should all ponder the vvords of a ~·' J

·'.! n'w st::ltesman, the President of Chile, .. :::~rdo Frei. Speaking of his own country 1 ~ eptcmber 1964, President Frei stated

. ·\;~ c crl~linly mny share some economic problems : .. ;, : ring to the African and Asian cou11trics] as : .:~:~rrs of raw materials who want to project :~:-::o~scs into an industrial age. But Chile belongs ~ : .. ~ Amrricas, where our ideas h aYe been nour-': h:; the J udeo-Christian ethics of !.he Western ::. : . It is within this sphere that we must t ry to r ·::•e <'Ur problems.

. It n~ems to me that that statement suc­•::-.,tly tells us where \VC are to look for our ·:·>: 'ions, how we are to proceed. In keeping · :~) t hese views, the solution to our present Uems can be found within the inter­· ~rican system. LUt the hemispheric unity presupposed by ;'·,~ t system need· not be interpreted in any t.tc1usirc sense that would discourage a r:< r.ter Western European contribution to t1:i! !'ccial, economic, and cultural dcvelop­~~c>: t of Latin America. \Vc welcome our r.:: ro-;:er.n fri ends, not as rivals for power L, , t f · ·'~spar ners or progress. One of the most · .::~ ,~uraging signs of recent years is the ;~~rt.-;!.~Cd im·olvcment of Europe in Latin h Jerica, both in terms of long-term dcvel­:; ::~el!t assistance and expansion of existing

t- ' tDr::l allu education programs. LaLin .\r. : ~ r : c~'ln countries will and should continue :~;. l"t! different from one another, and dif­~ ~ :-.:nt from both the United States and Eu·­I,f<:. but they need not see their own future / .. ·.tH . ·

. -·-" .. n~ In terms of the non-Western south­. • }; 1 .. no~:: f of the world. . On this 75Lh anniversary of the OAS I : -. ~·e tried to touch on the accomplishments

P:l!Jt, some of the challenges and

0, 19G5

o....~.a<-..--------..-.:.--·------~-- ...... _

problems of the future. The record of our inter-American system, I submit to the world, is an impressive one. A century ago, the Arge inc poet Jose Hernandez wrote : America has a great destiny to achieve in the fate of mankind. • • . One day ... the American alli-ance will bring world peace .... America must be the cradle of the great principles which are to bring a complete ch ange in the political and social orga­nization of other nations.

It would be well for us not only to read those words but to reflect upon them and act on them. This week we observe not only the 75th birthday or anniversary of this great inter­American system, but -,vith a note of sadness we observe the 20th anniversary of the death of a great friend of freedom and of the Americas, Franklin Roosevelt. President Roosevelt always inspired the people to whom he spoke ; he was indeed a powerful force in a troubled world. He said, as he was penning those last words before death took him from us :

The only limi t to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of t oday. Let us move forward with strong and active failh.

I submit that that is a challenge worthy of the Americas, and one that we should embrace and make our call to action.

/

A PROCLAMATION' WHEREAS the year 19G5 will mark the t\\'enlieth anni1·ersary of !.he signing of i.he United Nalions Charter in San r r ancisco; and WII EREAS the year 19G5 ~a s been desir;nalcd by the United Nation~ General Assembly as lntenm­l.ional Cooper:J.tion Year, and I have so proclaimed it for the United Stntcs;' and \Vn r:r:EAS our own peace and prosperity is di r ectly inter\\'oven wilh the peace, prosperity, and develop­ment of the rest of mankind; and \VII Elt E:AS our future is m:tde more secure when we can share with other members of the Unit.ed

' No. 3G52 ; 30 Fed. Reg. G415. • BULLETIN of Oct. 19, 1%4, p. G58.

731

·I I

: I I I I I I l I !

I i I i I

i I I

i • I

} '

L

Minnesota Historical Society

Copyright in this digital version belongs to the Minnesota Historical Society and its content may not be copied

without the copyright holder's express written permis­sion. Users may print, download, link to, or email content,

however, for individual use.

To request permission for com mercial or educational use, please contact the Minnesota Historical Society.

1 ~ W'W'W.mnhs.org