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Iraq
M. WASH response
Lead Agencies UNICEF
Participating Agencies ACF, ACTED, DRC, FRC/IRCS, IRC, IRW,UPP, NRC, Qandil, Relief Internation-al, Save the Children, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNHABITAT, PU-AMI and WHO
Objectives
1. WASH interventions targeted affected populations are effectively coordinated at the national and sub-national levels in close collaboration with other sectors.
2. Affected populations have timely, equitable and sustainable access to sufficient water of appropriate quality and quantity for drinking, cooking and maintaining personal hygiene.
3. Affected populations have access to safe, sanitary and hygienic living environment through provision of sanitation services that are culturally appropriate, secure, sanitary, user-friendly and gender-appropriate.
4. Affected populations have reduced risk of WASH-related diseases through access to improved hygienic practices, effective community mobilisation to address harmful current practices, hygiene promotion, and delivery of hygiene products and services on a sustainable and equitable basis.
Requirements from Janu-ary to June 2014
US$85,806,311
Prioritized requirements (Jan-Jun)
Life-saving or prevent-ing immediate risk of
harm
Preventing deteriora-tion of vulnerabilities
Capacity-Building or Resilience
US$30,388,305 US$44,949,636 US$10,468,370
Total 2014 indicative finan-cial requirements
US$143,010,517
Contact Information Ali Al-Khateeb, [email protected]
1. ACHIEvEMENTS AND CHAllENgESIn order to effectively coordinate the WASH intervention targeting Syrian refugees, a sector coordination mechanism has been established at the governorates level and regular meetings of the partners are being held in this regard at the national and regional levels. WASH sector partners, including goI, KRg, UNICEF, UNHCR, national and international partners are providing WASH services to the refugees at the border points as well as in transit and permanent camps. These services have thus far benefitted about 114,840 including all camps and a low percentage of host communities’ population in Central and Northern Iraq. Other achievements include:
• Rapid expansion of camps to accommodate the influx of refugees
• Rapid response of government and partners to provide essential services for refugees
• Dedicated government agency/dept. (DMC) to manage the emergency
2014 Syria Regional Response Plan
A number of challenges exist:
Operation and maintenance of water and sanitation services: Misuse of WASH facilities by refugees, especially of water taps and latrines, is leading to inefficient service delivery and hence high operation and maintenance costs;
Wastewater management: The soil in north of Iraq has low permeability so regular de-sludging resulting in high operation cost for sanitation services is required;
High cost of WASH services: Deep water table (more than 200 meters), non-existence of sewerage system in KRg have resulted in very high investments being required for provision of WASH services to refugees;
Security situation: Security situation in central zone has affected the presence of the implementing partners and hence timely delivery of WASH services to the refugees;
Limited funding which is impeding partners’ capacity to provide WASH services; and,
Expectation of refugees to remain in KRG thus need for more durable and higher technical measures which automatically elevates standards and costs.
2. NEEDS AND PRIORITIES
Population group Population in need Targeted population
Camp 160,000 160,000(100%)
Non-camp 240,000 90,000(37.5%)
The rapid increase in number of refugees in Iraq particularly in the KR threatens to overwhelm capacity of the government; UN and NgO support agencies to meet the basic needs of the refugees especially in WASH sector.
The recent influx of 40,000 Syrians on and after August 15th created a significant gap; surveys and assessments reported inequity in water distribution (especially in Domiz camp). Moreover, about 80,000 refugees are still receiving water by tankers, while sanitation services need to be upgraded to meet SPHERE standards. However, WASH interventions for camps in three governorates of the KR have begun.
The WASH programme will also scale up to cover extremely vulnerable children in communities “significantly impacted” by refugees, by improving WASH projects, WASH facilities in schools, child friendly spaces and health facilities, hygiene promotion and Distribution of WASH related CRIs. This will ensure child protection issues, including SgBv, are considered in WASH implementation.
Iraq
The key priorities in camps are:
Community mobilization to facilitate greater ownership of resources;
• Safe water supply and equitable distribution;
• Adequate sanitation, solid waste management to agreed sector standards;
• WASH in schools, clinics and child friendly services;
• Winterization (availability of hot water for bathing and washing, increased de-sludging services);
• Identifying more sustainable cost efficient technologies for water and sanitation services;
• Operation and maintenance of WASH facilities;
• Hygiene promotion;
• Provision of WASH CRIs; and
• Building capacity of partners for effective management and implementation of WASH emergency response as well as for operation and maintenance.
While the non-camps key priorities are:
• Improving safe water supply and equitable distribution to areas with high influx;
• Improving sanitation and solid waste in areas with high influx of refugees;
• Water conservation as part of hygiene promotion;
• WASH in schools;
• Assessment of host community areas water, sanitation needs and developing priority plans with respective northern and central authorities.
2014 Syria Regional Response Plan
3. RESPONSE STRATEgyUNICEF with partners leads and manages WASH interventions by providing access for Syrian refugees to safe water (20 -50 ltrs/P/day), sanitation services (latrines, baths 4-8 families per unit in transit camps), solid waste management and hygiene promotion, gender sensitive approach was taken into consideration as the indicator measures the extent to which females have access to separate lockable facilities, which is an important factor in protection of women and girls, including girls’ attendance in school, CFS’ &yFS’.
The following strategies will be used to address the needs identified above:
• Encourage government engagement and leadership;
• Ensure that WASH interventions are well coordinated at all levels thus resulting in proper targeting and prioritization, also include coordination with other sectors such as health, education and protection to maximize impacts;
• Community mobilization will be made an integral part of programming to ensure better operation and maintenance of services;
• Adequate contingency planning/emergency preparedness and response mechanism will be established to ensure timely response to emergency situations such as sudden influx of refugees or disease outbreak;
• Standardization of approaches for hardware and software will be promoted while keeping in view the local context and specific needs.
The priority interventions include the following:
• Strengthening of coordination mechanism at national and sub-national levels;
• Provision of adequate water supply for all refugees in camps, ensuring water quality is monitored and maintained;
• Provision of basic sanitation for all refugees in camps, including improvements in wastewater collection and disposal systems;
• Provision of solid waste and sludge collection and disposal services in camps;
• Provision of adequate WASH services in schools, health facilities, child friendly spaces in camps and in host communities;
Iraq
• Intensive hygiene promotion in camps as well as host communities focusing on safe water handling and storage, water conservation, hand washing at critical times and latrine usage, with special attention to parents of children at risk of malnutrition;
• Distribution of WASH related CRIs among refugees including water kits to support safe drinking water storage and handling at household level and hygiene kits, catering appropriately to the needs of women and adolescent girls;
• Provision of winterisation items to ensure availability of hot water for basic needs;
• Sanitary decommissioning of temporary water and sanitation facilities as required, in an environmentally appropriate manner.
2014 Syria Regional Response Plan
4. S
ECTO
R R
ESPO
NS
E O
vER
vIE
W T
AB
lE
Obj
ectiv
e 1.
WA
SH in
terv
entio
ns ta
rget
ed a
ffect
ed p
opul
atio
ns a
re e
ffect
ivel
y co
ordi
nate
d at
the
natio
nal a
nd s
ub-n
atio
nal l
evel
s in
clo
se c
olla
bora
tion
with
oth
er s
ecto
rs.
Out
put
Targ
eted
pop
ulat
ion
by ty
pe (i
ndiv
idua
ls)
in 2
014
loca
tion(
s)D
etai
led
requ
irem
ents
from
Jan
uary
- Ju
ne 2
014
Part
ners
Tota
l re
quire
men
ts(U
S$)
life
-sav
ing
or p
reve
ntin
g im
med
iate
ris
k of
har
m(U
S$)
Prev
entin
g de
terio
riatio
n of
vu
lner
abili
ties
(US$
)
Cap
acity
B
uild
ing
/ R
esili
ence
(US$
)
SyR
in
cam
psSy
R in
ur
ban
Oth
er
affe
cted
po
p
Out
put 1
.1 F
unct
iona
l W
ASH
sec
tor
coor
dina
tion
mec
hani
sm
at n
atio
nal a
nd s
ub-
natio
nal l
evel
s
1600
0090
000
0K
Rg
, Cen
ter
1.43
0.10
51.
072.
579
286.
021
71.5
05U
NIC
EF, U
NH
CR
, U
NH
AB
ITAT
, WH
O
and
natio
nal a
nd
inte
rnat
iona
l par
tner
s in
clud
ing
AC
F,
AC
TED
, AFK
AR
, B
arza
ni H
uman
itaria
n Fo
unda
tion,
CD
O, D
RC
, H
arik
ar, I
RC
, IR
CS/
FRC
/ICR
C, I
RW
, FPA
, K
UR
DS,
MSF
, NR
C,
Qan
dil,
UPP
, PU
-AM
I, R
elie
f Int
erna
tiona
l and
Sa
ve th
e C
hild
ren
Obj
ectiv
e 1
16
0.00
090
.000
1.43
0.10
51.
072.
579
286.
021
71.5
05
Iraq
Obj
ectiv
e 2.
A
ffect
ed p
opul
atio
ns h
ave
timel
y, e
quita
ble
and
sust
aina
ble
acce
ss to
suf
ficie
nt w
ater
of a
ppro
pria
te q
ualit
y an
d qu
antit
y fo
r drin
king
, coo
king
and
m
aint
aini
ng p
erso
nal h
ygie
ne.
Out
put
Targ
eted
pop
ulat
ion
by ty
pe (i
ndiv
idua
ls)
in 2
014
loca
tion(
s)D
etai
led
requ
irem
ents
from
Jan
uary
- Ju
ne 2
014
Part
ners
Tota
l re
quire
men
ts(U
S$)
life
-sav
ing
or p
reve
ntin
g im
med
iate
ris
k of
har
m(U
S$)
Prev
entin
g de
terio
riatio
n of
vu
lner
abili
ties
(US$
)
Cap
acity
B
uild
ing
/ R
esili
ence
(US$
)
SyR
in
cam
psSy
R in
ur
ban
Oth
er
affe
cted
po
p
Out
put 2
.1 A
dequ
ate
wat
er s
uppl
y se
rvic
es
for t
he a
ffect
ed p
eopl
e liv
ing
in c
amps
& n
on
cam
ps a
re p
rovi
ded
and
bein
g w
ell o
pera
ted
and
mai
ntai
ned
1600
0090
000
KR
g, C
ente
r38
.612
.840
17.3
75.7
7817
.375
.778
3.86
1.28
4U
NIC
EF, U
NH
CR
, U
NH
AB
ITAT
an
d na
tiona
l and
in
tern
atio
nal p
artn
ers
incl
udin
g A
CF,
A
CTE
D, A
FKA
R,
Bar
zani
Hum
anita
rian
Foun
datio
n, C
DO
, DR
C,
Har
ikar
,, IR
C, I
RC
S/FR
C/
ICR
C, I
RW
, KU
RD
S,
MSF
, NR
C, Q
andi
l, R
elie
f Int
erna
tiona
l
Out
put 2
.2 Q
ualit
y of
w
ater
sup
plie
d in
cam
ps
and
host
com
mun
ities
is
mon
itore
d fo
r co
mpl
ianc
e w
ith a
gree
d st
anda
rds
on b
i-wee
kly
basi
s
1600
0090
000
KR
g, C
ente
r4.
290.
316
1.93
0.64
21.
930.
642
429.
032
UN
ICEF
, WH
O
,UN
HA
BIT
AT
and
natio
nal a
nd
inte
rnat
iona
l par
tner
s in
clud
ing
AC
F, D
RC
, IR
C, M
SF, N
RC
, Qan
dil,
Rel
ief I
nter
natio
nal
Obj
ectiv
e 2
16
0.00
090
.000
42.9
03.1
5519
.306
.420
19.3
06.4
204.
290.
316
2014 Syria Regional Response Plan
Obj
ectiv
e 3.
A
ffect
ed p
opul
atio
ns h
ave
acce
ss to
saf
e, s
anita
ry a
nd h
ygie
nic
livin
g en
viro
nmen
t thr
ough
pro
visi
on o
f san
itatio
n se
rvic
es th
at a
re c
ultu
rally
app
ropr
iate
, se
cure
, san
itary
, use
r-fr
iend
ly a
nd g
ende
r-ap
prop
riate
.
Out
put
Targ
eted
pop
ulat
ion
by ty
pe (i
ndiv
idua
ls)
in 2
014
loca
tion(
s)D
etai
led
requ
irem
ents
from
Jan
uary
- Ju
ne 2
014
Part
ners
Tota
l re
quire
men
ts(U
S$)
life
-sav
ing
or p
reve
ntin
g im
med
iate
ris
k of
har
m(U
S$)
Prev
entin
g de
terio
riatio
n of
vu
lner
abili
ties
(US$
)
Cap
acity
B
uild
ing
/ R
esili
ence
(US$
)
SyR
in
cam
psSy
R in
ur
ban
Oth
er
affe
cted
po
p
Out
put 3
.1
Ade
quat
e sa
nita
tion
serv
ices
(la
trine
s, b
athi
ng u
nits
, ha
nd w
ashi
ng a
nd
laun
dry
faci
litie
s an
d w
aste
wat
er c
olle
ctio
n an
d di
spos
al s
yste
m) o
f fa
cilit
ies
for t
he a
ffect
ed
peop
le li
ving
in c
amps
ar
e pr
ovid
ed a
nd b
eing
w
ell o
pera
ted
and
mai
ntai
ned
1600
0090
000
KR
g, C
ente
r65
.641
.827
19.6
92.5
4839
.385
.096
6.56
4.18
3U
NIC
EF, U
NH
CR
, U
NH
AB
ITAT
an
d na
tiona
l and
in
tern
atio
nal p
artn
ers
incl
udin
g A
CF,
AC
TED
, A
FKA
R, D
RC
, IR
C,
IRC
S/FR
C/IC
RC
, IR
W,
KU
RD
S, M
SF, N
RC
, Q
andi
l and
PU
-AM
I
Out
put 3
.2 A
dequ
ate
syst
em fo
r col
lect
ion
and
disp
osal
of s
olid
w
aste
in c
amps
and
ho
st c
omm
uniti
es is
pr
ovid
ed a
nd fu
nctio
nal
1600
0090
000
KR
g, C
ente
r11
.583
.852
5.21
2.73
35.
212.
733
1.15
8.38
5U
NIC
EF ,
UN
HA
BIT
AT
and
natio
nal a
nd
inte
rnat
iona
l par
tner
s in
clud
ing
AC
F, A
CTE
D,
AFK
AR
, DR
C, I
RC
, N
RC
, Qan
dil,
RI a
nd
PU-A
MI
Obj
ectiv
e 3
16
0.00
090
.000
77.2
25.6
7924
.905
.282
44.5
97.8
307.
722.
568
Iraq
Obj
ectiv
e 4.
. A
ffect
ed p
opul
atio
ns h
ave
redu
ced
risk
of W
ASH
-rel
ated
dis
ease
s th
roug
h ac
cess
to im
prov
ed h
ygie
nic
prac
tices
, effe
ctiv
e co
mm
unity
mob
iliza
tion
to
addr
ess
harm
ful c
urre
nt p
ract
ices
, hyg
iene
pro
mot
ion,
and
del
iver
y of
hyg
iene
pro
duct
s an
d se
rvic
es o
n a
sust
aina
ble
and
equi
tabl
e ba
sis.
Out
put
Targ
eted
pop
ulat
ion
by ty
pe (i
ndiv
idua
ls)
in 2
014
loca
tion(
s)D
etai
led
requ
irem
ents
from
Jan
uary
- Ju
ne 2
014
Part
ners
Tota
l re
quire
men
ts(U
S$)
life
-sav
ing
or p
reve
ntin
g im
med
iate
ris
k of
har
m(U
S$)
Prev
entin
g de
terio
riatio
n of
vu
lner
abili
ties
(US$
)
Cap
acity
B
uild
ing
/ R
esili
ence
(US$
)
SyR
in
cam
psSy
R in
ur
ban
Oth
er
affe
cted
po
p
Out
put 4
.1 A
ll th
e af
fect
ed p
eopl
e in
ca
mps
and
hos
t co
mm
uniti
es re
ceiv
e
WA
SH N
FI (
hygi
ene,
w
ater
and
win
teriz
atio
n ki
ts) w
ith a
war
enes
s m
essa
ges
on s
afe
hygi
ene
prac
tices
1600
0090
000
KR
g, C
ente
r17
.161
.262
4.29
0.31
68.
580.
631
4.29
0.31
6U
NIC
EF, A
CF,
AFK
AR
, C
DO
, DR
C, I
RC
, IR
W, F
PA, M
SF, N
RC
, U
PP, Q
andi
l, R
elie
f In
tern
atio
nal a
nd S
ave
the
Chi
ldre
n
Out
put 4
.2 A
dequ
ate
wat
er a
nd s
anita
tion
serv
ices
for s
choo
ls a
nd
child
frie
ndly
spa
ces,
cl
inic
s in
cam
ps a
nd
host
com
mun
ities
are
pr
ovid
ed a
nd b
eing
w
ell o
pera
ted
and
mai
ntai
ned
6240
035
100
KR
g, C
ente
r4.
290.
316
1.07
2.57
92.
145.
158
1.07
2.57
9U
NIC
EF, U
NH
AB
ITAT
, A
CF,
AFK
AR
, CD
O,
DR
C, I
RC
, IR
W, F
PA,
MSF
, NR
C, Q
andi
l, PU
-A
MI,
Rel
ief I
nter
natio
nal
and
Save
the
Chi
ldre
n
Obj
ectiv
e 4
16
0.00
090
.000
21.4
51.5
785.
362.
894
10.7
25.7
895.
362.
894
2014 Syria Regional Response Plan
Sect
or in
dica
tors
Targ
et
"# o
f WA
SH s
ecto
r coo
rdin
atio
n m
echa
nism
s at
nat
ion
and
sub-
natio
nal l
evel
s th
at a
re p
erfo
rmin
g a
nd fu
lfilli
ng
the
6 co
re fu
nctio
n of
a c
oord
inat
ion
plat
form
s 24
# of
em
erge
ncy
affe
cted
pop
ulat
ion
prov
ided
with
acc
ess
to d
rinki
ng a
nd d
omes
tic w
ater
250.
000
# of
em
erge
ncy
affe
cted
pop
ulat
ion
with
acc
ess
to a
ppro
pria
tely
des
igne
d to
ilets
and
san
itatio
n se
rvic
es25
0.00
0
# of
em
erge
ncy
affe
cted
pop
ulat
ion
prov
ided
with
acc
ess
to s
oap
and
othe
r hyg
iene
item
s.an
d re
ceiv
e m
essa
ges
on s
afe
hygi
ene
prac
tices
250.
000
# of
chi
ldre
nwith
acc
ess
to s
afe
wat
er, s
anita
tion
and
hygi
ene
faci
litie
s in
thei
r lea
rnin
g en
viro
nmen
t and
in c
hild
fri
endl
y sp
aces
97.5
00
WA
SH -
Sum
mar
y R
equi
rem
ents
Req
uire
men
ts J
an-J
une
2014
Indi
cativ
e re
quire
men
ts
Jul-D
ec 2
014
Tota
l R
equi
rem
ents
(U
S$)
life
-sav
ing
or p
reve
ntin
g im
med
iate
ris
k of
har
m
(US$
)
Prev
entin
g de
terio
riatio
n of
vu
lner
abili
ties
(US$
)
Cap
acity
B
uild
ing
/ R
esili
ence
(U
S$)
Req
uire
men
ts (U
S$)
SEC
TOR
GR
AN
D T
OTA
L 8
5.80
6.31
1 3
0.38
8.30
5 4
4.94
9.63
6 1
0.46
8.37
0 5
7.20
4.20
6
Iraq
5. SECTOR FINANCIAl REQUIREMENTS PER AgENCy
WASH in Iraq (US$)
Agency Total Jan-Dec 2014 Jan-Jun 2014 Jul-Dec 2014
ACF 6,031,035 3,618,621 2,412,414
ACTED 1,034,483 620,690 413,793
DRC 3,793,104 2,275,862 1,517,242
FRC/IRCS 5,379,310 3,227,586 2,151,724
IRC 6,089,655 3,653,793 2,435,862
IRW 3,335,835 2,035,862 1,299,973
NRC 3,448,276 2,068,966 1,379,310
PU-AMI 827,586 496,552 331,034
QANDIl 2,075,863 1,245,518 830,345
RI 4,586,206 2,751,724 1,834,482
SCI 2,827,586 1,696,552 1,131,034
UN-Habitat 3,103,448 1,862,069 1,241,379
UNHCR 31,945,862 19,167,517 12,778,345
UNICEF 67,383,303 40,395,620 26,987,683
UPP 286,896 172,138 114,758
WHO 862,069 517,241 344,828
Total 143,010,517 85,806,311 57,204,206
2014 Syria Regional Response Plan
M. Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) response
Lead Agencies UNICEF and UNHCR
Participating Agencies ACF, ACTED, GIZ, Global Communities, HI, JEN, JHAS, LWF, OXFAM, RI, Medair, Mercy Corps, MWI, THW, UNDP, UNHABITAT, UNICEF, UNHCR, WVI
Objectives
3. Affected populations are ensured with safe, equitable and sustainable access to sufficient quantity of water for drinking, cooking and personal and domestic hygiene.
4. Affected populations have access to safe and appropriate sanitation facilities.
5. Affected populations have reduced risk of WASH-related diseases through access to improved hygienic practices, hygiene promotion and delivery of hygiene products and services on a sustainable and equitable basis.
6. Establish and maintain effective mechanisms for WASH coordination at national and sub-national levels.
Requirements from January to June 2014
US$92,276,167
Prioritized requirements (Jan-June)
Life-saving or preventing immediate risk of harm
Preventing deterioration of vulnerabilities
Capacity-Building or Resilience
US$55,696,080 US$27,768,907 US$8,811,180
Total 2014 indicative financial requirements
US$153,793,612
Contact Information Syed Jamal Shah, [email protected]
Gender Marker 2A
1. ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES
a) Despite the sector being 74 per cent funded the operational costs remain consistently high. The main purpose of the RRP for the forthcoming year is to replace activities, initially established during the first phase of the emergency, with more sustainable measures and equitable services of the refugee population in both camps and host communities.
b) Sector partners have been able to respond to the WASH needs of all refugee women, girls, boys and men in camps (over 100,000 individuals) including schools, youth/child friendly spaces and other public places.
c) WASH Sector partners have been able to provide services within the host communities through equipment, operationalizing three boreholes, and rehabilitation of household-level water and sanitation infrastructures, benefitting more than 200,000 beneficiaries through increased availability of potable water. In addition, through improvement of WASH services in 170 schools, nearly 74,000 school children (37,148 girls; 36,852 boys) will have benefitted by December 2013.
d) Successful sector coordination and partnership with over 17 INGOs/NGOs at the national and camp levels (Zaatari and Azraq) and establishment of WASH task force to engage on more developmental issues with the NGOs, donor community and Government counterparts.
Jordan
e) Several WASH assessments in camp/host communities with consolidation of information to enable more targeted planning and activities.
During this response the following major challenges are being faced:
• Water trucking remains a major expense in Zaatari camp. Recently two successful boreholes were drilled and a planned water network will substantially reduce the cost of water delivery.
• Refugees have installed more water-demanding appliances in the camp increasing water demand. To meet that demand, above the provision of water trucked by the humanitarian community, private water vendors now operate in Zaatari. These vendors, however, do not fall within the remit of water quality monitoring, which in turn means increased community sensitization and awareness of public health risks is required.
• Desludging throughout the camp and disposal of wastewater is an unavoidable and major expense. Provision of sewerage network and waste water treatment plants are being planned to increase efficiency of collection and disposal. These will reduce environmental risks to Jordanian groundwater reserves.
• Communal facilities remain a target for vandalism and have low utilization particularly in older parts of Zaatari camp. There is a trend towards privately installed household water and sanitation facilities, many of which are of sub-standard quality and inappropriately designed. Water and sewage network designs will need to accommodate this trend.
• Clear WASH needs have been identified in various host community assessments/surveys including specific needs of provision of female toilets within the households. The overwhelming needs in the camps have constrained scaling up of action elsewhere.
• Safe access of women, girls, boys and men, as well as elderly refugees, has been considered to ensure safety and privacy, but significant challenges still remain in terms of lighting provision around the communal WASH blocks. As of now WASH partners have been able to provide solar lighting to 109 WASH facilities while planning is in progress to cover the rest. In general hand-washing is still not widely practiced, especially by women, and therefore extra effort in hygiene promotion is required by the WASH partners working in the camp.
• Syrian refugee population movements, departure of refugees, arrival of new refugees in camp and non-camp settings and lack of capacity in the WASH sector among the national NGOs are major impediments to the implementation of WASH activities.
2014 Syria Regional Response Plan
2. NEEDS AND PRIORITIES
Population group Total Population Targeted populationi
Camp refugees 200,000 200,000
Non-camp refugees 600,000 300,000
Other affected population 700,000 315,000
i Further details on populations to be targeted can be found in sector objective and output table below. Information on target population at activity level is available through UNHCR Jordan or the Sector Chairs. The population figures in the above table take into consideration the fact that registration activities target all Syrian populations (camp and non-camp)
WASH response forms part of life-saving action in most humanitarian emergencies and, due to the dynamic nature of the Syrian refugee emergency, WASH interventions are expected to remain a priority area of response throughout 2014. Around 800,000 refugees are expected to continue to reside or arrive in camps or hosting governorates through the upcoming year.
In refugee camps, WASH facilities are essential and must be maintained throughout the camp’s lifetime. Over 2014, approximately 200,000 individuals are expected to reside in a minimum of five refugee camps, in which WASH services need to be provided with minimum agreed standards.
Where Jordanian populations are hosting – or expecting to host – Syrian refugees, WASH coverage is often already below the national standard. The increased population numbers add to the burden on drinking water supplies and sanitation infrastructure, and will continue to do so, resulting in increased WASH-related diseases. The most likely 2014 scenario implies approximately 600,000 refugees and 180,000 host community members may require WASH assistance.
Several assessments of WASH needs in refugee-hosting communities have been undertaken by WASH sector partners and Government line ministries. Through these assessments gender focus groups were framed to ensure female concerns are included. Most of the surveys were carried out with at least 50 per cent female participation. Based on consolidated data derived from an interagency assessment, Knowledge Attitude and Practices (KAP) surveys, REACH/ACTED and Emergency Market Mapping and Analysis (EMMA) and a recent Interagency WASH assessment, the following data provides a picture of needs:
1. The percentage of refugees in the affected areas of Irbid, Mafraq, Ajloun, Jerash and Balqa receiving water less than one day per week are 53, 51, 68, 76 and 35, respectively.95
2. Water quality is adequate by Jordanian standards, but approximately 7–20 per cent of respondents rated it as bad/fair in certain areas, and these households buy more water which is more expensive than piped water.
95 REACH/ACTED, Findings of Household Assessment of Syrian Households in Host Communities in the Northern Governorates, 2013.
Jordan
3. As mentioned in the challenges above, significant improvements in terms of lighting and privacy in the WASH services are required. A high proportion of Syrian women and children in Zaatari camp do not feel safe using WASH facilities in the camp at night; 82 per cent of women, 28 per cent of teenage girls, and 39 per cent of boys and girls under the age of 12 fear harassment on the way to and from the facilities.
4. Water delivery varies by season, from a few times a week in winter, to once every ten days in summer – or even once every 25 days, as documented. It also varies by location, with water being delivered less than one day a week for 70 per cent of refugees in Jerash, whereas in Balqa, 70 per cent of the population receives water at least 1–2 days a week.96 In all of the refugee-affected areas more than 90 per cent of the population (Syrian and Jordanian) reported buying drinking water from water tankers and/or shops.97
5. Refugees are utilizing 6–16 m3 of water per person per month, averaging a monthly cost of JOD 24–55 in winter, increasing to JOD 33–80 in the summer.98
6. More than 90 per cent of the households in the refugee-affected areas have toilets. The sewerage network coverage is around 35 per cent. Most households (Syrians and Jordanians) pay around JOD 25–30 per month for desludging, while 20 per cent of the Syrians living in tents and on farms have no access to septic tanks or a sewage network.
7. Nearly 40 per cent of hosted refugees report bathing constraints due to cost of soap (19 per cent) and lack of water (19 per cent).
96 WASH Sector in Jordan, Inter-agency Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Assessment in Jordan, October 2013.
97 REACH/ACTED, Findings of Household Assessment of Syrian Households in Host Communities in the Northern Governorates, 2013.
98 OXFAM GB-ECHO Emergency Market Mapping & Analysis, Water Market System in Balqa & Zarqa Governorates, August/September 2013.
2014 Syria Regional Response Plan
3. RESPONSE STRATEGy
The implementation of the WASH response as defined above is guided by the following:
• Coordinate effective delivery of WASH response to the affected populations through the WASH Sector, including Government, key stakeholders within and external to the sector, and establishment of coordination mechanisms at the camp/field level.
• WASH interventions should, from the outset, be guided by, and ensure linkage to, longer term development efforts, including guidance from national WASH-related policies and strategies.
• Proactive commitment to ensuring cross-cutting issues of human rights, gender, accessibility, environment and refugees are addressed in immediate response and prioritization of projects; addressing WASH priorities with special emphasis on the needs of women, children, people with disabilities and the elderly. Organizing single gender focus group discussions, thus involving women, girls, boys and men equally in choosing the location and design of latrines and bathing facilities.
• Existing and any new camps efforts will be geared towards sustainable solutions and environmental protection of Jordanian water reserves.
• Ongoing assessments will continue to inform prioritization of activities in affected areas, including: installation/restoration of water supply to supplement existing systems; technical support and installation of sanitation facilities and wastewater treatment; intensive social mobilization/hygiene promotion for improved hygiene and sanitation coverage; distribution of WASH-related non-food items for safe household water storage and treatment; and support for water and sanitation facilities in schools and health centres. For an effective and efficient response aimed at reaching those identified as most vulnerable, these actions will be planned and prioritized, in coordination with Government counterparts and other sectors, including Camp Coordination, Health, Education and Protection Sectors with focus on vulnerable groups and gender concerns.
• Establishment of multi-faceted and robust monitoring and reporting mechanisms to measure the effectiveness and impact of the WASH response on targeted communities. Specific and dedicated efforts will be made to:
i) Ensure decision-making and responsibility for water and sanitation are being shared equally by beneficiary both women and men
ii) Ensure improvement in the safety of WASH facilitiesiii) Emphasize routine hand-washing by women, girls, boys and meniv) Work with implementing NGO teams, in both camps and host communities, increasing
their capacity to integrate gender issues with WASH emergency response and preparedness.
Jordan
4. S
ECTO
R R
ESPO
NS
E O
VER
VIE
W T
AB
LE
Obj
ectiv
e 1.
Affe
cted
pop
ulat
ion
are
ensu
red
with
saf
e, e
quita
ble
and
sust
aina
ble
acce
ss to
suf
ficie
nt q
uant
ity o
f wat
er fo
r drin
king
, coo
king
and
per
sona
l and
dom
estic
hy
gien
e.
Out
put
Targ
eted
pop
ulat
ion
by ty
pe (i
ndiv
idua
ls)
in 2
014
Loca
tion
(s)
Det
aile
d re
quire
men
ts fr
om J
anua
ry -
June
201
4Pa
rtne
rs
Tota
l re
quire
men
ts (U
S$)
Life
-sav
ing
or p
reve
ntin
g im
med
iate
ris
k of
har
m (U
S$)
Prev
entin
g de
terio
riatio
n of
vu
lner
abili
ties
(US$
)
Cap
acity
B
uild
ing
/ R
esili
ence
(US$
)
SyR
in
cam
psSy
R in
ur
ban
Oth
er
affe
cted
po
p
Out
put 1
.1 E
nsur
e re
gula
r acc
ess
to s
afe
wat
er a
s pe
r the
agr
eed
min
imum
sta
ndar
d to
th
e re
fuge
es li
ving
in
cam
ps
200.
000
300.
000
180.
000
Cou
ntry
Wid
e 2
8.71
6.00
0 2
7.21
6.00
0 1
.500
.000
U
NIC
EF (A
CF,
A
CTE
D, G
IZ, G
loba
l C
omm
uniti
es, H
I, JE
N,
JHA
S, L
WF,
OXF
AM
, RI,
Med
air,
Mer
cy C
orps
, M
WI,
THW
, WVI
)
Out
put 1
.2 E
nsur
e ac
cess
to s
afe
wat
er a
s pe
r agr
eed
min
imum
st
anda
rds
and
to
Syria
n bo
ys a
nd g
irls
in s
choo
ls, y
outh
/chi
ld
frien
dly
spac
es a
nd in
pu
blic
pla
ces
in c
amps
.
15.0
0015
.000
Irbi
d, Z
arqa
180
.000
1
80.0
00
WVI
Out
put 1
.3 Im
prov
e ac
cess
to s
afe
wat
er to
vul
nera
ble
Syria
n re
fuge
es a
nd
Jord
ania
ns li
ving
in
urba
n an
d ru
ral h
ost
com
mun
ities
incl
udin
g sc
hool
s an
d ot
her
publ
ic p
lace
s
25.0
0025
.091
Cou
ntry
Wid
e (A
jloun
, Bal
qa,
Am
man
, A
qaba
, Irb
id,
Jara
sh, K
arak
, M
adab
a,
Ma’
an,
Maf
raq,
Ta
fileh
, Zar
qa)
9.4
95.5
39
661
.200
6
.315
.539
2
.518
.800
A
CF,
AC
TED
, Glo
bal
Com
mun
ities
, JEN
, M
EDA
IR, M
ercy
Cor
ps,
OXF
AM
, RI,
UN
HC
R
(IRD
, Mer
cy C
orps
), W
VI
Out
put 1
.4 Im
prov
emen
t/ex
tens
ion/
reha
bilit
atio
n of
wat
er s
yste
ms
in
area
s af
fect
ed b
y re
fuge
e in
flux.
20.0
0017
.500
Bal
qa, I
rbid
, K
arak
, Maf
raq,
Za
rqa)
5.3
82.0
00
5.3
82.0
00
Mer
cy C
orps
, OXF
AM
, R
I, U
NH
CR
(IR
D, M
ercy
C
orps
), W
VI
Obj
ectiv
e 1
43.7
73.5
3927
.877
.200
11.8
77.5
394.
018.
800
2014 Syria Regional Response Plan
Obj
ectiv
e 2.
Affe
cted
pop
ulat
ions
hav
e ac
cess
to s
afe
and
appr
opria
te s
anita
tion
faci
litie
s.
Out
put
Targ
eted
pop
ulat
ion
by ty
pe (i
ndiv
idua
ls)
in 2
014
Loca
tion
(s)
Det
aile
d re
quire
men
ts fr
om J
anua
ry -
June
201
4Pa
rtne
rs
Tota
l re
quire
men
ts (U
S$)
Life
-sav
ing
or p
reve
ntin
g im
med
iate
ris
k of
har
m (U
S$)
Prev
entin
g de
terio
riatio
n of
vu
lner
abili
ties
(US$
)
Cap
acity
B
uild
ing
/ R
esili
ence
(US$
)
SyR
in
cam
psSy
R in
ur
ban
Oth
er
affe
cted
po
p
Out
put 2
.1 E
nsur
e re
gula
r acc
ess
to
secu
re, c
lean
and
cu
ltura
lly a
ppro
pria
te
sani
tatio
n fa
cilit
ies
to S
yria
n re
fuge
es in
ca
mps
as
per a
gree
d m
inim
um s
tand
ards
.
20.0
0010
0.00
0C
ount
ry W
ide
(Irbi
d Za
atar
i) 3
0.79
0.08
0 2
4.19
0.08
0 6
.600
.000
H
I, U
ND
P, U
NIC
EF
(AC
F, A
CTE
D, G
IZ,
Glo
bal C
omm
uniti
es,
HI,
JEN
, JH
AS,
LW
F,
OXF
AM
, RI,
Med
air,
Mer
cy C
orps
, MW
I, TH
W, W
VI)
Out
put 2
.2 E
nsur
e ac
cess
to g
ende
r ap
prop
riate
saf
e sa
nita
tion,
as
per
agre
ed m
inim
um
stan
dard
s, to
Syr
ian
boys
and
girl
s in
sc
hool
s, y
outh
/chi
ld
frien
dly
spac
es a
nd in
pu
blic
pla
ces
in c
amps
600
600
Irbid
, Zaa
tari
120
.000
1
20.0
00
WVI
Out
put 2
.3 E
nsur
e ap
prop
riate
sol
id w
aste
m
anag
emen
t in
the
cam
ps.
Act
iviti
es in
clud
ed in
ot
her o
utpu
ts.
Out
put 2
.4 Im
prov
e ac
cess
to s
anita
tion
faci
litie
s to
vul
nera
ble
Syria
n re
fuge
es a
nd
Jord
ania
ns li
ving
in
urba
n an
d ru
ral h
ost
com
mun
ities
incl
udin
g sc
hool
s an
d ot
her
publ
ic p
lace
s
25.0
0025
.001
Cou
ntry
Wid
e (B
alqa
, Azr
aq,
Irbid
, Jar
ash,
K
arak
, Maf
raq,
Za
rqa
Zaat
ari)
5.4
33.9
30
2.3
86.9
50
3.0
46.9
80
AC
F, A
CTE
D, M
EDA
IR,
OXF
AM
, RI,
UN
HC
R
(IRD
, Mer
cy C
orps
), W
VI
Jordan
Out
put 2
.5
Impr
ovem
ent/e
xten
sion
/re
habi
litat
ion
of W
aste
W
ater
sys
tem
s in
are
as
affe
cted
by
refu
gee
influ
x
53.0
0099
.800
314.
200
Cou
ntry
Wid
e (B
alqa
, Irb
id,
Maf
raq
Zarq
a,
Zaat
ari)
3.8
36.7
56
2.8
23.3
56
1.0
13.4
00
JHA
S, L
WF,
MED
AIR
, O
XFA
M, U
NH
AB
ITAT
, U
NH
CR
(IR
D, M
ercy
C
orps
), W
VI
Obj
ectiv
e 2
40
.180
.766
24.1
90.0
8011
.930
.306
4.06
0.38
0
Obj
ectiv
e 3.
Affe
cted
pop
ulat
ions
hav
e re
duce
d ris
k of
WA
SH re
late
d di
seas
es th
roug
h ac
cess
to im
prov
ed h
ygie
nic
prac
tices
, hyg
iene
pro
mot
ion
and
deliv
ery
of h
ygie
ne
prod
ucts
and
ser
vice
s on
a s
usta
inab
le a
nd e
quita
ble
basi
s.
Out
put
Targ
eted
pop
ulat
ion
by ty
pe (i
ndiv
idua
ls)
in 2
014
Loca
tion
(s)
Det
aile
d re
quire
men
ts fr
om J
anua
ry -
June
201
4Pa
rtne
rs
Tota
l re
quire
men
ts (U
S$)
Life
-sav
ing
or p
reve
ntin
g im
med
iate
ris
k of
har
m (U
S$)
Prev
entin
g de
terio
riatio
n of
vu
lner
abili
ties
(US$
)
Cap
acity
B
uild
ing
/ R
esili
ence
(US$
)
SyR
in
cam
psSy
R in
ur
ban
Oth
er
affe
cted
po
p
Out
put 3
.1 E
nsur
e pr
omot
ion
of h
ygie
ne
and
wat
er c
onse
rvat
ion
amon
g al
l ref
ugee
s in
ca
mps
.
55.0
006.
000
0C
ount
ry W
ide
(Azr
aq, I
rbid
, Za
atar
i)
5.1
66.0
00
3.6
28.8
00
1.5
37.2
00
- U
NIC
EF (A
CF,
A
CTE
D, G
IZ, G
loba
l C
omm
uniti
es, H
I, JE
N,
JHA
S, L
WF,
OXF
AM
, RI,
Med
air,
Mer
cy C
orps
, M
WI,
THW
, WVI
), A
CF,
JE
N, L
WF,
WVI
Out
put 3
.2 R
aise
aw
aren
ess
on h
ygie
ne
and
wat
er c
onse
rvat
ion
amon
g Sy
rian
refu
gees
an
d Jo
rdan
ians
in th
e ho
st c
omm
uniti
es
196.
400
35.0
0066
.000
Cou
ntry
Wid
e (A
jloun
, Bal
qa,
Am
man
, Irb
id, J
aras
h,
Kar
ak, M
a’an
, M
afra
q, Z
arqa
an
d ca
mps
(Z
aata
ri an
d EJ
C))
2.6
05.8
30
- 1
.915
.830
6
90.0
00
AC
TED
, Glo
bal
Com
mun
ities
, MED
AIR
, O
XFA
M, R
I, U
NH
CR
(IR
D, M
ercy
Cor
ps),
WVI
Obj
ectiv
e 3
7.
771.
830
3.62
8.80
03.
453.
030
690.
000
2014 Syria Regional Response Plan
Obj
ectiv
e 4.
Est
ablis
h an
d m
aint
ain
effe
ctiv
e m
echa
nism
s fo
r WA
SH c
oord
inat
ion
at n
atio
nal a
nd s
ub-n
atio
nal l
evel
s.
Out
put
Targ
eted
pop
ulat
ion
by ty
pe (i
ndiv
idua
ls)
in 2
014
Loca
tion
(s)
Det
aile
d re
quire
men
ts fr
om J
anua
ry -
June
201
4Pa
rtne
rs
Tota
l re
quire
men
ts (U
S$)
Life
-sav
ing
or p
reve
ntin
g im
med
iate
ris
k of
har
m (U
S$)
Prev
entin
g de
terio
riatio
n of
vu
lner
abili
ties
(US$
)
Cap
acity
B
uild
ing
/ R
esili
ence
(US$
)
SyR
in
cam
psSy
R in
ur
ban
Oth
er
affe
cted
po
p
Out
put 4
.1 E
ffect
ive
regu
lar g
roup
co
ordi
natio
n m
eetin
gs
and
deve
lopm
ent
of a
n in
form
atio
n m
anag
emen
t sys
tem
pr
oduc
ing
regu
lar
prod
ucts
.
2.50
02.
000
Cou
ntry
Wid
e (A
zraq
, Irb
id,
Zaat
ari)
550
.032
5
08.0
32
42.
000
UN
ICEF
(AC
F,
AC
TED
, GIZ
, Glo
bal
Com
mun
ities
, HI,
JEN
, JH
AS,
LW
F, O
XFA
M, R
I, M
edai
r, M
ercy
Cor
ps,
MW
I, TH
W, W
VI),
RI
Obj
ectiv
e 4
55
0.03
250
8.03
242
.000
Jordan
Sect
or in
dica
tors
Targ
et
# of
Syr
ian
boys
and
girl
s ha
ving
acc
ess
to s
afe
wat
er in
sch
ools
, you
th/c
hild
frie
ndly
spa
ces
and
in p
ublic
pl
aces
in th
e ca
mps
.60
.000
# of
Syr
ian
refu
gees
and
affe
cted
Jor
dani
ans
havi
ng im
prov
ed a
cces
s to
saf
e w
ater
in th
e ho
st c
omm
uniti
es.
234.
590
# of
sch
ool c
hild
ren
bene
fittin
g fro
m im
prov
ed a
cces
s to
saf
e w
ater
in s
choo
ls in
the
host
com
mun
ities
.44
.500
# of
Syr
ians
Ref
ugee
s an
d Jo
rdan
ians
get
ting
bene
fit fr
om im
prov
emen
t/ext
ensi
on/re
habi
litat
ion
of w
ater
sys
tem
s in
the
refu
gee
affe
cted
are
as.
120.
000
# of
MW
BG
with
acc
ess
to s
ecur
e, c
lean
and
cul
tura
lly a
ppro
pria
te s
anita
tion
faci
litie
s in
the
cam
ps.
2.40
0
# of
wom
en a
nd g
irls
expr
ess
satis
fact
ion
with
the
safe
ty a
nd p
rivac
y of
latri
nes
and
bath
ing
faci
litie
s.63
.306
# of
MW
BG
ben
efitti
ng fr
om im
prov
emen
ts/e
xten
sion
/reha
bilit
atio
n of
was
te w
ater
sys
tem
s in
the
area
s af
fect
ed
by re
fuge
e in
flux.
517.
500
Abs
ence
of s
olid
was
te d
umps
in c
amps
.1
# of
MW
BG
Syr
ian
refu
gees
and
Jor
dani
ans
reac
hed
thro
ugh
hygi
ene
mes
sage
s an
d de
mon
stra
te k
now
ledg
e of
ke
y hy
gien
e pr
actic
es in
hos
t com
mun
ities
489.
500
# of
MW
BG
can
par
ticip
ate
in H
ygie
ne p
rom
otio
n ac
tiviti
es a
nd d
emon
stra
te k
now
ledg
e of
key
hyg
iene
pra
ctic
es
in c
amps
.20
0.00
0
# of
age
ncie
s w
orki
ng in
a c
oord
inat
ed m
anne
r res
ultin
g in
gap
s fil
ling,
avo
idan
ce o
f dup
licat
ion
and
adap
tatio
n of
agr
eed
stan
dard
s.19
5
WA
SH -
Sum
mar
y R
equi
rem
ents
Req
uire
men
ts J
an-J
une
2014
Indi
cativ
e re
quire
men
ts
Jul-D
ec 2
014
Tota
l R
equi
rem
ents
(U
S$)
Life
-sav
ing
or p
reve
ntin
g im
med
iate
ris
k of
har
m
(US$
)
Prev
entin
g de
terio
riatio
n of
vu
lner
abili
ties
(US$
)
Cap
acity
B
uild
ing
/ R
esili
ence
(U
S$)
Req
uire
men
ts (U
S$)
SEC
TOR
GR
AN
D T
OTA
L 9
2.27
6.16
7 5
5.69
6.08
0 2
7.76
8.90
7 8
.811
.180
6
1.51
7.44
5
2014 Syria Regional Response Plan
5. SECTOR FINANCIAL REqUIREMENTS PER AGENCy
WASH in Jordan (US$)
Agency Total Jan-Dec 2014 Jan-Jun 2014 Jul-Dec 2014
ACF 208,250 124,950 83,300
ACTED 5,542,000 3,325,200 2,216,800
Global Communities 114,500 68,700 45,800
HI 400,000 240,000 160,000
JEN 3,500,000 2,100,000 1,400,000
JHAS 1,000,000 600,000 400,000
LWF 670,593 402,356 268,237
Medair 1,680,000 1,008,000 672,000
Mercy Corps 5,348,899 3,209,339 2,139,560
Oxfam 597,550 358,530 239,020
RI 8,270,000 4,962,000 3,308,000
UNDP 11,000,000 6,600,000 4,400,000
UN-Habitat 1,235,000 741,000 494,000
UNHCR 19,470,300 11,682,180 7,788,120
UNICEF 92,171,520 55,302,912 36,868,608
WVI 2,585,000 1,551,000 1,034,000
Total 153,793,612 92,276,167 61,517,445
Lebanon
L. Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) response
Lead Agencies UNHCR/UNICEF
Participating AgenciesACF, ACTED, AVSI, CARE, CARITAS Lebanon Migrant Center, CISP, Concern, GVC, INTERSOS, IOCC, IRD, Makhzoumi Foundation, Medair, MercyCorps, MercyUSA, Oxfam, PU-AMI, Relief International, Rescate, Save the children, SHIELD, Solidarités International, UN-Habitat, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNWRA, WVL
Objectives
1 . Safe, equitable and sustainable access to a sufficient quantity and quality of potable water for drinking, cooking and personal and domestic hygiene is ensured.
2 . A safe, sanitary and hygienic living environment that protects affected populations from the spread of disease is promoted.
3 . Hygienic practices, effective community mobilisation to address harmful current practices, and delivery of hygiene products and services on a sustainable and equitable basis that reduce the risk of WASH-related diseases are improved.
Requirements from January to June 2014 US$102,042,581
Prioritized requirements(January-June)
Life-saving or preventing immediate risk of harm
Preventing deterioration of vulnerabilities
Capacity-Building or resilience
US$56,878,210 US$39,733,833 US$5,430,538
Total 2014 indicative financial requirements US$202,424,337
Contact Information Samuel Gonzaga, [email protected] Adams, [email protected]
1. ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGESThroughout 2013, access to an adequate quantity of safe water for affected populations was ensured through a number of activities including the distribution of 6,129 household water filters, water quality tests carried out at 126 sources, installation of 6,354 water tanks, and over 15,086 individuals benefit from on-going water-trucking.
Sanitation needs have been addressed by constructing or rehabilitating 3,453 latrines and establishing services for disposal of wastewater – provision of 1,086 solid waste collection bins, distribution of 1,704 toilet cleaning kits, and the installation of 1,340 hand washing facilities. Hygiene promotion activities benefited 59,531 individuals and, 664,817 family hygiene kits and 240,552 baby kits were distributed. At Masna’a border crossing, a waiting area was set up with WASH facilities to accommodate a large number of refugees if necessary.
Environmental health services were provided to 26,000 PRS from inside Palestine refugee camps. Sewage and water systems in all 12 Palestine refugee camps were maintained and repaired and 4,317 families were provided with hygiene kits.
2014 Syria Regional Response Plan
The increase in refugee numbers has put significant pressure on national water and wastewater systems resulting in a deterioration of services for local communities. Partners worked with the government to develop community level projects that benefit Lebanese affected by the crisis. Some 203,000 affected Lebanese and 43,000 refugees have benefited from efforts to rehabilitate water systems. Wastewater projects have improved conditions for 25,000 affected Lebanese and 30,000 refugees, and ongoing solid waste assistance is benefiting 29,365 refugees and 172,900 Lebanese in host communities.
Capacities to address WASH needs remain stretched, compounded by limited funding and a complex environment. Refugees are dispersed in over 1,500 locations and many have found shelter in informal settlements or substandard dwellings with poor or non-existent WASH facilities. Partners must invest considerable time and resources to identify and deliver appropriate responses, including frequent short-term and emergency interventions. At the same time partners are developing non-conventional interventions to address longer-term challenges including increased crowding in refugee settlements, risks of flooding during winter and government restrictions to installing services. The WASH and Shelter sectors worked jointly in preparation for the winter to undertake site-improvement activities in informal settlements including flood-risk mitigation measures, reinforcing hygiene promotion and distribution of NFI kits.
Localized insecurity in certain locations deters access and delivery of necessary humanitarian services. Overcrowding in Palestine refugee camps is a pressing concern as fragile water and solid waste systems are further burdened by new arrivals.
2. NEEDS AND PRIORITIES
Population group Population in need Targeted population
Syrian RefugeesWater – 405,000Sanitation – 435,000Hygiene – 1,050,000
Water – 405,000Sanitation – 281,000Hygiene – 605,000
Palestine Refugees from SyriaWater – 50,000Sanitation – 50,000Hygiene – 70,000
Water – 45,000Sanitation – 45,000Hygiene – 30,000
Affected LebaneseWater – 405,000Sanitation – 435,000Hygiene – 1,050,000
Water – 405,000Sanitation – 165,000Hygiene – 250,000
Lebanese ReturneesWater – 13,800Sanitation – 14,800Hygiene – 35,800
Water – 2,000Sanitation – 1,000Hygiene – 2,700
Over twenty WASH related assessments were conducted since May 2012 and emerging needs are continuously monitored as more refugees arrive and settle across Lebanon. Current trends estimate that 27 per cent require access to potable water (quality and quantity), 29 per cent require improved sanitation facilities (latrine and solid waste facilities) and 70 per cent need assistance adapting to hygienic conditions in displacement. The projected refugee figure in 2014 will put
Lebanon
enormous strain on already limited WASH services leading to public health risks and increasing tensions. Furthermore, latrine coverage in some settlements is below standards. The most intractable problems concerning solid waste management in Lebanon centre on the treatment and disposal of waste. It is estimated that around 51 per cent of all municipal solid is landfilled, 32 per cent is dumped, and the remaining 17 per cent is recovered through sorting and composting. The refugee caseload has grossly impacted on this delicate solid waste management system. Added to this mix are the limited facilities for wastewater collection and treatment. The containment, treatment and disposal of wastewater would reduce contamination of water sources. Water quality data reported by partners indicate high levels of microbiological contamination in water delivery points. Per capita costs vary between regions based on logistical, scope of work, security and other implementation capacities and challenges. For example, community water supplies are twice the cost in the North than in Mount Lebanon and Beirut.
Intervention is a critical where overall WASH conditions are below minimum standards or are particularly precarious, such as in informal settlements, collective centres and small shelters. Up-scaled support to community WASH services such as water and wastewater systems, solid waste collection and environmental management of wastewater is also needed to address increasing local tensions and ensure longer-term sustainability of the response. This gradual shift away from temporary interventions is most appropriate in vulnerable localities where there is a high concentration of refugees and poor Lebanese. The response to new arrivals will continue to require temporary intervention, particularly in locations with limited infrastructure.
Poor drainage coupled with inadequate (or lack of) solid waste management systems present a problem in many low-lying areas. Without continued action by partners, flood-prone areas could become breeding grounds for vectors and inadequate human excreta facilities will increase risks of contamination of ground water (e.g. enhanced vector control activities in Akkar). 6,000 persons are estimated to reside in flood-prone areas that are at risk of enteric diseases.
Despite good knowledge of general hygiene principles among refugees, hygiene practices remain rudimentary in many settlements. Installation of sanitation and hygiene facilities must be accompanied by promotion of best practices in hygiene to reduce prevalence of diarrheal diseases. More focus will be on strengthening the communication plans, development of Information, Education and Communication (IEC) materials and monitoring the implementation of hygiene promotion. There will be a reinforced assessment of hygiene promotion barriers to devise ways, with community-generated solutions, to overcome these barriers.
2014 Syria Regional Response Plan
3. RESPONSE STRATEGyThe WASH strategy for 2014 prioritizes:
• meeting critical and life-saving needs with short-term emergency interventions;
• improving sustainability and cost-effectiveness through the adoption of longer-term solutions which add value to and extend existing service provision; and
• ensuring the ability to respond rapidly and adequately to significant changes in needs such as those arising from a mass influx of refugees or disease outbreak through continued preparedness activities.
Activities will target geographical locations with high numbers of refugees, vulnerable hosting populations and non-existent or insufficient water and wastewater services. Interventions will focus on informal settlements (starting with the largest and most poorly serviced locations), formal settlements, collective shelters, collective centres, and small and individual shelters. The proposed activities are designed based on existing gaps, expected caseload, actor capacity, lessons learned and anticipated needs. Vulnerable groups, households and individuals (i.e. newly arrived refugees, female/child headed households, elderly or disabled persons and minors) will be assisted first.
Short-term activities such as water trucking will be minimized in view of its expense and limited added-value to existing systems. Wherever possible, partners will focus on communal projects that have high impact and strengthen local capacities identified in partnership with Water Establishments and municipalities. While the start-up costs of communal projects can be considerable, they will provide more cost effective and sustainable delivery of services over the medium-term and serve to mitigate tensions between refugees and local communities. The development and management of water and sanitation facilities will ensure that water bodies are not contaminated and key environmental health concerns are addressed.
By June 2014, a move to cash-based implementation for the provision of hygiene and baby kits will be considered against in-kind distribution currently on the basis of cost efficiency and the flexibility for refugees to meet basic needs. The WASH methodology will include gender and child protection concerns in programming through, for example, active female participation in WASH community structures, training of stakeholders on gender roles and setting up WASH facilities in non-formal education centres and child friendly spaces. Female involvement in the design phase of WASH interventions will ensure their concerns are fully integrated, such as ensuring adequate lighting and the proximity to and gender separation of facilities.
Monitoring and coordination of all WASH actors will be strengthened, and will follow a decentralized structure to ensure that responses target local needs. Partners will review coverage of critical needs regularly, while recognising that continuity in implementation is critical to fostering better relationships with local authorities, communities and beneficiaries. In the event of a funding shortfall, coordination structures will encourage partners to prioritize life-saving activities, and reduce the broader package of support.
Lebanon
4. S
ECTO
R R
ESPO
NS
E O
VER
VIE
W T
AB
LE
Obj
ectiv
e 1.
WAT
ER -
Affe
cted
pop
ulat
ions
are
ens
ured
with
saf
e, e
quita
ble
and
sust
aina
ble
acce
ss to
a s
uffic
ient
qua
ntity
of w
ater
for d
rinki
ng, c
ooki
ng a
nd p
erso
nal a
nd
dom
estic
hyg
iene
Out
put
Targ
eted
pop
ulat
ion
by ty
pe (i
ndiv
idua
ls)
Loca
tion(
s)To
tal
Req
uire
men
ts
Jan
- Jun
e (U
S$)
Life
-sav
ing
or p
reve
ntin
g im
med
iate
ris
k of
har
m(U
S$)
Prev
entin
g de
terio
riatio
n of
vu
lner
abili
ties
(US$
)
Cap
acity
B
uild
ing
/ R
esili
ence
(US$
)
Part
ners
Syria
n re
fuge
esPa
lest
ine
Ref
ugee
s fro
m
Syria
Affe
cted
Le
bane
seLe
bane
se
retu
rnee
s
Out
put 1
.1 S
uppl
y 3
22.8
00
31.
100
622
.100
6
50
Nat
iona
l17
.535
.791
4.54
7.52
611
.370
.568
1.61
7.69
7A
CF,
AC
TED
, AVS
I, C
are,
C
ISP,
GVC
, IO
CC
, M-U
SA,
MC
, Med
air,
Oxf
am (P
AR
D,
UTO
PIA
), O
XFA
M N
OVI
B,
RES
CAT
E, S
C L
eban
on,
Solid
arité
s In
tern
atio
nal,
UN
-Hab
itat,
UN
DP,
UN
HC
R
(AC
TED
, CO
NC
ERN
, M-U
SA,
PU-A
MI,
AVSI
, WVL
, AC
F,
SHEI
LD, O
xfam
, UN
ICEF
(A
CF,
SI,
CO
NC
ERN
, GVC
, W
VI, S
AW
A, P
U-A
MI,
CIS
P),
UN
RW
A, W
VL
Out
put 1
.2 S
tora
ge 2
26.5
00
11.
300
37.
500
1.0
00
Nat
iona
l6.
942.
586
4.76
3.80
71.
953.
779
225.
000
AC
F, A
CTE
D, A
VSI,
Car
e,
CIS
P, G
VC, I
OC
C, M
-USA
, M
C, M
edai
r, O
xfam
(PA
RD
, U
TOPI
A),
OXF
AM
NO
VIB
, R
ESC
ATE,
SC
Leb
anon
, So
lidar
ités
Inte
rnat
iona
l, U
N-H
abita
t, U
ND
P, U
NH
CR
(A
CTE
D, C
ON
CER
N, M
-USA
, PU
-AM
I, AV
SI, W
VL, A
CF,
SH
EILD
, Oxf
am, U
NIC
EF
(AC
F, S
I, C
ON
CER
N, G
VC,
WVI
, SA
WA
, PU
-AM
I, C
ISP)
, U
NR
WA
, WVL
2014 Syria Regional Response Plan
Out
put 1
.3 Q
ualit
y 1
69.8
00
1.4
00
97.
800
1.4
00
Nat
iona
l4.
899.
336
4.21
0.78
468
8.55
2A
CF,
AC
TED
, AVS
I, C
are,
C
ISP,
GVC
, IO
CC
, M-U
SA,
MC
, Med
air,
Oxf
am (P
AR
D,
UTO
PIA
), O
XFA
M N
OVI
B,
RES
CAT
E, S
C L
eban
on,
Solid
arité
s In
tern
atio
nal,
UN
-Hab
itat,
UN
DP,
UN
HC
R
(AC
TED
, CO
NC
ERN
, M-U
SA,
PU-A
MI,
AVSI
, WVL
, AC
F,
SHEI
LD, O
xfam
, UN
ICEF
(A
CF,
SI,
CO
NC
ERN
, GVC
, W
VI, S
AW
A, P
U-A
MI,
CIS
P),
UN
RW
A, W
VL
Out
put 1
.4 W
ater
M
anag
emen
t 9
9.20
0 1
.810
1
04.1
00
- N
atio
nal
1.93
1.30
21.
931.
302
GVC
, SH
EILD
, UN
-Hab
itat,
UN
DP,
UN
HC
R (A
CTE
D,
CO
NC
ERN
, M-U
SA, P
U-A
MI,
AVSI
, WVL
, AC
F, S
HEI
LD,
Oxf
am, U
NIC
EF (A
CF,
SI,
CO
NC
ERN
, GVC
, WVI
, O
XFA
M, S
AW
A, P
U-A
MI,
CIS
P)
Obj
ectiv
e 1
31.3
09.0
1613
.522
.117
14.0
12.9
003.
773.
999
Lebanon
Obj
ectiv
e 2.
SA
NIT
ATIO
N -
Affe
cted
pop
ulat
ions
are
pro
tect
ed fr
om th
e sp
read
of d
isea
se, a
nd p
rom
oted
with
a s
afe,
san
itary
and
hyg
ieni
c liv
ing
envi
ronm
ent
Out
put
Targ
eted
pop
ulat
ion
by ty
pe (i
ndiv
idua
ls)
Loca
tion(
s)To
tal
Req
uire
men
ts
Jan
- Jun
e (U
S$)
Life
-sav
ing
or p
reve
ntin
g im
med
iate
ris
k of
har
m(U
S$)
Prev
entin
g de
terio
riatio
n of
vu
lner
abili
ties
(US$
)
Cap
acity
B
uild
ing
/ R
esili
ence
(US$
)
Part
ners
Syria
n re
fuge
esPa
lest
ine
Ref
ugee
s fro
m
Syria
Affe
cted
Le
bane
seLe
bane
se
retu
rnee
s
Out
put 2
.1
Faci
litie
s 2
79.2
50
7.2
00
44.
850
900
N
atio
nal
30.6
64.9
2419
.575
.145
11.0
89.7
78A
CF,
AC
TED
, AVS
I, C
are,
C
ISP,
GVC
, IO
CC
, M-U
SA,
MC
, Med
air,
Oxf
am (P
AR
D,
UTO
PIA
), O
XFA
M N
OVI
B,
RES
CAT
E, S
C L
eban
on,
Solid
arité
s In
tern
atio
nal,
UN
-Hab
itat,
UN
DP,
UN
HC
R
(AC
TED
, CO
NC
ERN
, M-U
SA,
PU-A
MI,
AVSI
, WVL
, AC
F,
SHEI
LD, O
xfam
, UN
ICEF
(A
CF,
SI,
CO
NC
ERN
, GVC
, W
VI, S
AW
A, P
U-A
MI,
CIS
P),
UN
RW
A, W
VL
Out
put 2
.2
Dra
inag
e 5
7.85
0 7
.050
1
1.90
0 2
50
Nat
iona
l79
7.64
368
.750
578.
893
150.
000
IOC
C, M
edai
r, SC
Leb
anon
, SS
olid
arité
s In
tern
atio
nal,
UN
-H
abita
t, U
NH
CR
(AC
F, In
ters
os,
UN
HC
R, W
VL, O
xfam
PU
-AM
I, A
CTE
D, C
ON
CER
N, C
ISP,
MC
, PA
RD
, SH
EILD
)
Out
put 2
.3
Was
tew
ater
m
anag
emen
t
76.
750
18.
600
64.
750
350
N
atio
nal
3.07
7.75
330
8.14
31.
942.
235
827.
375
AC
F, A
CTE
D, A
VSI,
Car
e,
CIS
P, G
VC, I
OC
C, M
-USA
, M
C, M
edai
r, O
xfam
(PA
RD
, U
TOPI
A),
OXF
AM
NO
VIB
, R
ESC
ATE,
SC
Leb
anon
, So
lidar
ités
Inte
rnat
iona
l, U
N-H
abita
t, U
ND
P, U
NH
CR
(A
CTE
D, C
ON
CER
N, M
-USA
, PU
-AM
I, AV
SI, W
VL, A
CF,
SH
EILD
, Oxf
am, U
NIC
EF
(AC
F, S
I, C
ON
CER
N, G
VC,
WVI
, SA
WA
, PU
-AM
I, C
ISP)
, U
NR
WA
, WVL
2014 Syria Regional Response Plan
Out
put 2
.4
Solid
was
te
man
agem
ent
253
.500
2
1.85
0 2
82.1
50
850
N
atio
nal
8.68
9.75
64.
100.
620
4.58
9.13
6A
CF,
AC
TED
, AVS
I, C
are,
C
ISP,
GVC
, IO
CC
, M-U
SA,
MC
, Med
air,
Oxf
am (P
AR
D,
UTO
PIA
), O
XFA
M N
OVI
B,
RES
CAT
E, S
C L
eban
on,
Solid
arité
s In
tern
atio
nal,
UN
-Hab
itat,
UN
DP,
UN
HC
R
(AC
TED
, CO
NC
ERN
, M-U
SA,
PU-A
MI,
AVSI
, WVL
, AC
F,
SHEI
LD, O
xfam
, UN
ICEF
(A
CF,
SI,
CO
NC
ERN
, GVC
, W
VI, S
AW
A, P
U-A
MI,
CIS
P),
UN
RW
A, W
VL
Out
put 2
.5 V
ecto
r C
ontro
l 3
4.00
0 1
1.25
0 9
.300
1
50
Nat
iona
l46
1.42
918
6.41
527
5.01
4A
CTE
D, I
OC
C, M
edai
r, SC
Leb
anon
, Sol
idar
ités
Inte
rnat
iona
l, U
NH
CR
(AC
F,
Inte
rsos
, UN
HC
R, W
VL,
Oxf
am, P
U-A
MI,
AC
TED
, C
ON
CER
N, C
ISP,
MC
, PA
RD
, SH
EILD
), U
NR
WA
Obj
ectiv
e 2
43.6
91.5
0524
.239
.073
18.4
75.0
5797
7.37
5
Lebanon
Obj
ectiv
e 3.
HYG
IEN
E - A
ffect
ed p
opul
atio
ns h
ave
redu
ced
risk
of W
ASH
-rel
ated
dis
ease
s th
roug
h ac
cess
to im
prov
ed h
ygie
nic
prac
tices
, effe
ctiv
e co
mm
unity
mob
ilisa
tion
to a
ddre
ss h
arm
ful c
urre
nt p
ract
ices
, hyg
iene
pro
mot
ion,
and
del
iver
y of
hyg
iene
pro
duct
s an
d se
rvic
es o
n a
sust
aina
ble
and
equi
tabl
e ba
sis
Out
put
Targ
eted
pop
ulat
ion
by ty
pe (i
ndiv
idua
ls)
Loca
tion(
s)To
tal
Req
uire
men
ts
Jan
- Jun
e (U
S$)
Life
-sav
ing
or p
reve
ntin
g im
med
iate
ris
k of
har
m(U
S$)
Prev
entin
g de
terio
riatio
n of
vu
lner
abili
ties
(US$
)
Cap
acity
B
uild
ing
/ R
esili
ence
(US$
)
Part
ners
Syria
n re
fuge
esPa
lest
ine
Ref
ugee
s fro
m
Syria
Affe
cted
Le
bane
seLe
bane
se
retu
rnee
s
Out
put 3
.1
Hyg
iene
Item
s 2
58.4
50
47.
800
32.
550
1.5
00
Nat
iona
l15
.277
.234
8.55
1.90
56.
511.
729
213.
600
AC
F, A
VSI,
CA
RE,
CIS
P,
CLM
C, G
VC, I
OC
C, I
RD
, M
-USA
, MC
, Med
air,
Oxf
am
(PA
RD
, UTO
PIA
), O
xfam
N
OVI
B, S
C L
eban
on, S
HEI
LD,
Solid
arité
s In
tern
atio
nal,
UN
HC
R (A
CF,
Inte
rsos
, SH
EILD
, CIS
P, P
U-A
MI,
MC
, O
xfam
, AVS
I, W
VL, C
HF,
A
CTE
D, I
RD
, M- U
SA),
UN
ICEF
(G
OL,
AC
F, S
I, C
ON
CER
N,
GVC
, WVI
, Oxf
am, S
AW
A,
PU-A
MI,
UN
-Hab
itat,
UN
RW
A,
CIS
P), W
VL
Out
put 3
.2
Hyg
iene
Pro
mot
ion
346
.550
2
6.40
0 2
17.3
50
1.2
00
Nat
iona
l11
.764
.827
10.5
65.1
1573
4.14
846
5.56
4A
CF,
AC
TED
, AVS
I, C
are,
C
ISP,
GVC
, IO
CC
, M-U
SA,
MC
, Med
air,
Oxf
am, O
xfam
N
OVI
B, R
ESC
ATE,
SC
Le
bano
n, S
HEI
LD, S
olid
arité
s In
tern
atio
nal,
UN
HC
R, U
NIC
EF,
UN
RW
A, W
VL
Obj
ectiv
e 3
27.0
42.0
6119
.117
.020
7.24
5.87
767
9.16
4
2014 Syria Regional Response Plan
Sect
or in
dica
tors
Targ
et
# of
indi
vidu
als
with
nec
essa
ry/s
tand
ard
stor
age
cont
aine
rs25
1.00
0
# of
indi
vidu
als
with
impr
oved
wat
er s
uppl
y at
an
adeq
uate
leve
l of s
ervi
ce1.
280.
000
# of
indi
vidu
als
with
acc
ess
to im
prov
ed s
anita
tion
faci
litie
s35
4.00
0
# of
indi
vidu
als
livin
g in
IS (I
nfor
mal
Set
tlem
ent)
bene
fittin
g fro
m re
duce
d ris
k of
floo
ding
65.0
00
# of
indi
vidu
als
who
hav
e ex
perie
nced
an
HP
sess
ion
203.
000
WA
SH -
Sum
mar
y R
equi
rem
ents
Req
uire
men
ts J
an-J
une
2014
Indi
cativ
e re
quire
men
ts
Jul-D
ec 2
014
Tota
l R
equi
rem
ents
(U
S$)
Life
-sav
ing
or p
reve
ntin
g im
med
iate
ris
k of
har
m
(US$
)
Prev
entin
g de
terio
riatio
n of
vu
lner
abili
ties
(US$
)
Cap
acity
B
uild
ing
/ R
esili
ence
(U
S$)
(US$
)
SEC
TOR
GR
AN
D T
OTA
L10
2.04
2.58
156
.878
.210
39.7
33.8
335.
430.
538
100.
381.
756
Lebanon
5. SECTOR FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS PER AGENCy
Education in Lebanon (US$)
Agency Total Jan-Dec 2014 Jan-Jun 2014 Jul-Dec 2014
ACF 3,076,400 2,585,000 491,400
ACTED 2,179,000 1,057,500 1,121,500
AVSI 59,000 29,500 29,500
CARE 3,936,338 1,968,169 1,968,169
CISP 641,000 320,500 320,500
CLMC 884,400 442,200 442,200
GVC 826,063 100,794 725,269
IOCC 2,272,350 1,136,175 1,136,175
IRD 390,000 200,000 190,000
MC 1,420,000 951,300 468,700
MEDAIR 5,343,585 2,283,685 3,059,900
MU 1,017,900 432,950 584,950
OXFAM 3,927,900 2,174,200 1,753,700
PU-AMI 1,748,866 874,433 874,433
RESCATE 587,500 362,500 225,000
SCI 3,395,300 1,697,650 1,697,650
SHEILD 1,214,000 744,000 470,000
SI 1,780,000 890,000 890,000
UNDP 7,000,000 2,300,000 4,700,000
UNHABITAT 3,245,000 1,535,000 1,710,000
UNHCR 58,927,973 30,516,808 28,411,165
UNICEF 90,104,520 45,052,260 45,052,260
UNRWA 4,202,242 2,265,457 1,936,785
WVI 4,245,000 2,122,500 2,122,500
Total 202,424,337 102,042,581 100,381,756